Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Marché des services systèmes'
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Delvert, Karine. "Economie et déséconomies de l'information : l'information routière entre marchés incertains et services publics." Lyon 2, 2004. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2004/delvert_k.
Full textWithin the context of Intelligent Transport Systems, drivers'information systems are expected to bring significant social benefits in terms of traffic management and reduction of travel uncertainty. The development of private information service providers questions the underlying economic and business models for both the production and the provision of such information. Information being public in essence, its public nature could have it associated with provision by public authorities (being providers of a service to the public). However, such a model is questioned. Emerging technologies, markets, deregulation, public-private partnerships with information service providers induce other models, in which dependency onto public authorities can take various forms. Models based on so-called value-added information services are anchored on the individual value of the information provided to the driver-decision maker within the travel context he is confronted with. This work retrospectively examines both the empirical and the theoretical frameworks that preside over the development of economic and business models for drivers'information. It stresses the double-edged nature of information, as it works both as a tool for transport network management and as a basis for individual decision making. Private as well as public benefits - namely how far it impacts the network system performance - of information services are considered
Rives, Fanny. "Gestion des forêts sèches à Madagascar et au Niger. Vulnérabilité et Fonctions des systèmes socio-écologiques pour comprendre les réformes forestières et leurs effets." Phd thesis, AgroParisTech, 2012. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00809116.
Full textBerger, Laurence. "La structuration du système de santé aux États-Unis ou la difficile conciliation entre les forces du marché et l'interventionnisme fédéral." Paris 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA030122.
Full textAt the beginning of the 21th century, health care reform seems to be one of the major issues at stake in contemporary social debates in the West, notably because of the enduring fears caused by demography and the increasing share of health expenditure in national budgets. In the US, the future of public health coverage programs and the fact that a sizeable proportion of the population is denied access to health care has proved to be a recurring theme in the political debate since the beginning of the 20th century. Immediately after being elected president in 1992, Bill Clinton made the introduction of a system of universal health coverage central to his priorities. However his initiative, which aimed at working out measures capable of conciliating seemingly antagonistic aims, namely the control of health expenditure and the extension of health coverage, ended in failure. The effort of cooperation between the private and public sectors advocated by the president, elicited only ephemereal support from the Americans, who are traditionally suspicious of attempts at extending the scope of federal power and also met the opposition of a well-organized coalition of interests sharing the same objectives. In order to throw light on the specificity of the issue of health coverage reform in the US, this research intends to go over the early stages of the development of the health care system from a historical and socio-political point of view. The main line of the study is based on the balancing act between market forces and federal interventionism, from the second half of the 19th century to the end of Bill Clinton's presidency in 2001
Bui, Doan-Nhu. "Les modes organisationnels des services publics en milieu rural dispersé dans les pays en développement : application à l'électrification rurale décentralisée." Paris, EHESS, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005EHES0024.
Full textThe lectrical sector has traditionally been organized as a natural monopoly. The intensity in capital of the grid and the public service obligation of electrical distribution led to the creation of electrical companies with exclusive territorial concessions. This approach has recently been challenged because of its failure to electrify remote rural villages in developing countries. A new set of solutions apeared under the umbrella of Decentralized Rural Electrification 5DRE) thanks to technological innovations that replace collective infrastructures with individual systems. However, the widespread deployment of decentralized technologies remains impaired by numerous obstacles at various levels : institutional, legal, organizational, social, finacial,. . . New models that take into account the specificities of DRE must now be imagined. The study of two case studies in Moroco and India provide insightful examples of possible strategies to accelerate the deployment of DRE and therefore attain the objectives of rural electrification. Two major policies stand out : public service delegation and the approach of delivering equipment by the public market. Even though these models are too recent to conclude on their viability and permanence, they provide guidelines for the public and private players of the sector to generalize the access to electrical services to rural populations in developing countries, and contribute to their development
Tinsi, Laura. "Modeling and optimal strategies in short-term energy markets." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Institut polytechnique de Paris, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021IPPAG005.
Full textThis thesis focuses on providing theoretical tools to help in the development and management of intermittent renewable energy in short term electricity markets.In the first part, we develop a tractable equilibrium model for price formation in intraday electricity markets. For this, we propose a non cooperative game between several producers interacting in the market and facing an intermittent renewable production. Using stochastic control and game theory, we derive explicit optimal strategies for these producers as well as a closed form equilibrium price for different information structures and player characteristics. Our model allows to reproduce and explain the main stylized features of the intraday market such as the specific time dependence of volatility and the correlation between the price and the renewable production forecasts.In the second part, we study dynamic probabilistic forecasts in the diffusion framework. We propose several stochastic differential equation models to capture the dynamic evolution of the uncertainty associated to a forecast, derive the associated predictive densities and calibrate the model on real meteorological data. We then apply it to the problem of a wind energy producer receiving sequential updates of the probabilistic forecasts of the wind speed used to predict her production and make trading decisions in the market. We show to what extent this method can outperform the use of point forecasts in decision-making processes.Finally, in the last part, we propose to study the propertiesof aggregated shallow neural networks. We explore thePAC-Bayesian framework as an alternative to the classicalempirical risk minimization approach. We focus on Gaussianpriors and derive non-asymptotic risk bounds for theaggregated neural networks. These bounds yield minimaxrates of estimation over Sobolev smoothness classes.This analysis also provides a theoretical basis for tuning theparameters and offers new perspectives for applicationsof aggregated neural networks to practical high dimensionalproblems increasingly present in energy decision problemsinvolving renewables or storage
Duhautois, Richard. "Évolution du système productif et évolution de l'emploi en France : une analyse empirique." Paris, EHESS, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007EHES0131.
Full textThe Phd thesis aims at analysing the consequences of the evolution of French productive system on employment relations. Particularly, we insist on the role of firms' survival and death and on the increasing number of business groups. First, we show that deindustrialisation diminishes the firms' average size and thus modifies the creative-destruction process which can involve workers' movements. Second, the increasing number of business groups reinforces the employment relation between firms and employées within firms and business groups. Third, we also highlight the impact of deindustrialisation on skills structure and the use of different work contracts by firms (like short-term contracts and temporary contracts)
Gintzburger, Anne-Sophie. "Qui dit le droit ? Etude comparée des systèmes d'autorité dans l'industrie des services financiers islamiques. Une analyse comparée des modes d'autorité en finance islamique en Asie du Sud-est, au sein des pays arabes du Conseil de Coopération du Golfe, en Asie du Sud." Thesis, Lyon, École normale supérieure, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ENSL0823.
Full textThe three monotheistic religions refer to a God who is the all-powerful creator of all that exists, revealed throughout history, guarantor of justice and fairness, who is the ultimate moral authority. Theology advises some of the laws, economics and ethics of individuals and of states. Islam is not homogeneous in its economic, financial and regulatory approaches. However, through the financial services industry, it reveals in a tangible manner various facets of authority across Muslim contexts. These include contexts that are international and highly dynamic. Taking into account the delicate balance between sectarian, geographic and interpretive facets, the thesis analyses the determining forces that we refer to as authorities in Islamic finance. These contribute to the Islamic finance industry in its most tangible form in the structuring of Islamic financial products. Analysis is carried out initially theoretically. It is followed by a comparative study of factors affecting decisions pertaining to the structuring of Islamic financial products. These structures are based on financial contracts that conform to the principles of the Sharia. Is approval by Sharia board members fashioned by a regional authority, by international authorities, or by regulatory authorities? Are these authorities conventional or religious? We address the question as it pertains to the dynamics between various types of authority. We develop a comparative analysis of the approach taken in structuring Islamic financial products, according to geographical areas related to a sample of 121 Sharia board members covering Islamic financial products for 243 Islamic financial institutions in 35 countries
Mkireb, Chouaïb. "Optimisation et gestion des risques pour la valorisation de la flexibilité énergétique : application aux systèmes d’eau potable." Thesis, Compiègne, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019COMP2492/document.
Full textIn a context of demographic growth in which natural resources are more and more limited, optimized management of water and power networks is required. Changes in electricity markets regulation in several countries have recently enabled effective integration of Demand Response mechanisms in power systems, making it possible to involve electricity consumers in the real-time balance of the power system. Through its flexible components (variable-speed pumps, tanks), drinking water systems, which are huge electricity consumers, are suitable candidates for energy-efficient Demand Response mechanisms. However, these systems are often managed independently of power system operation, for both economic and operational reasons. In this thesis, the objective is the evaluation of the economic and the ecological values related to the integration of drinking water systems flexibility into power system operation through french demand response mechanisms. An analysis of the architecture of french electricity markets is first conducted, allowing to target the most suitable demand response mechanisms considering water systems operating constraints. Some mathematical models to optimize water systems flexibility are then proposed and solved through original heuristics, integrating uncertainties about water demands, market prices and pumping stations availability. Numerical results, which are discussed using three real water systems in France, integrate the economic aspects inclunding risks, operational and ecological aspects. Significant reductions in water systems operating costs are estimated through the optimization of demand response power bids on the French spot power market during peak times. In parallel, uncertainties consideration secures the operation of water systems in real time, and makes it possible to manage economic risks related to the power grid balancing. In addition, significant savings in CO2 emissions, estimated to around 400 tons per day in France, can be achieved by reducing electricity production from fossil sources
Charpentier, Bénédicte. "Le marché intérieur de l'électricité." Nancy 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998NAN20002.
Full textHuguet, Mélissa. "Le système éducatif au Chili : une analyse en équilibre général calculable." Thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BORD0123/document.
Full textThe Chilean education system is split between the public and private sectors, inducing persistent inequality. Students from public secondary schools benefit from fewer opportunities than those from private schools, particularly in regard to acceptance rates at traditional universities. Acceptance at traditional universities is conditional on passing a selection test. In this regard, private secondary school graduates outperform their public-school peers. However, businesses prefer to hire students from traditional universities rather than private universities. Due to the high costs of private education and to the quality gap between public and private education at primary and secondary levels, students from poor households find themselves at a disadvantage when applying to traditional universities. In this thesis, we study three kind of policies that facilitate access to private schools or aim to improve the quality of public education, allowing equal opportunities for all students to enter into traditional universities. The policies analyzed are: i) an increase in subsidies granted to private schools, ii) a decrease of the consumer price of public education services and iii) an increase in current expenditures in public education services.In the first chapter, we use a static computable general equilibrium model which takes into account the segmentation of the education market between public and private sectors. We present the behaviours in the education market in terms of the demand and production of education services by level of education (primary, secondary and tertiary). Labour supply is exogenous and is specified according to skills (diplomas) and type of education (public or private). The simulation results show that a policy of increased subsidies granted to private primary and secondary schools facilitates access to private primary and secondary schools. Conversely, an increase in current expenditures in public education services restricts access to private schools. A reduction in the consumer price of public education services renders the different sectors of education more competitive with one another. In addition, unemployment decreases significantly with a policy of higher current expenditures granted to public education services.The model presented in the second chapter is a dynamic extension of the model used in the first chapter, taking into account two new indicators. Household demand for public and private education services depends on relative prices and on an indicator for relative quality of education. The human capital formation indicator varies according to real investments made in each level and type of education. In this chapter, labour supply is exogenous. We focus on the impacts of each policy on sectoral productivity, growth and unemployment. Depending on the targets pursued by the government, policy can be chosen to induce high levels of growth at the expense of a rising unemployment (increased subsidies granted to private schools) or a policy which reduces unemployment and which generates lower, but still substantial, levels of growth (improvement of the quality of public education by increased public expenditures into public education services)
Diop, Mame Mariama. "La sécurisation du marché des services de paiement." Thesis, Lille 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIL20007/document.
Full textThe transposition into French law of the Payment Services Directive of 13November 2007 led to the creation of a new category of players in the banking sector: the payment institution. The provision of payment services is no longer the sole domain of credit institutions but becomes the main activity of payment institutions. Although this new distribution of banking activities undermines thebanking monopoly, it does not terminate it. For a better legibility of the bankingsystem and a more efficient control of banking institutions, it is proposed amutation of the banking system through on the one hand, a complete separation of banking activities, and on the other hand payment institutions independence from credit institutions. Securing the payments services market also depends on the supervision of payment transactions. Preserving consumer’s trust is essential to awell-functioning payment services market
Regnier, Camille. "Développement urbain et services écosystèmiques : une analyse du marché foncier." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017UBFCG002.
Full textSince the end of the industrial revolution, scientists as well as politicians have been interesting in the questions related to the optimal shape of cities. Initially, a majority branch advocates for a « garden city », with open space and low density. However, the paradigm has turned over time and especially after the rise of new environmental stakes. The public debate is now focused on the need to intensify urban growth and to combat urban sprawl. This raises the question of the validity of such measures and, more broadly, of the design of a public intervention strategy on the land market ensuring urban development compatible with the preservation of the environment. This thesis proposes to contribute to the debate on the optimal forms of sustainable cities by answering the following question: is it possible to reconcile urban development and environmental preservation? More specifically, is the compact city a form of sustainable city? If so, is it the only one? Is the provision of ecosystem services conditioned by the urban structure and, if so, what services and how? Through a micro-economic analysis of the land market, and using the concept of ecosystem services, we propose to answer these questions. In general way, this thesis reveals the following major element: due to the complexity of the link between the different ecosystem services and the interconnections between them and urban development, the conclusions on sustainable city structure can only be done in conditional terms. This result is an invitation to undertake adequate researchs upstream in order to better grasp and foresee the potential perverse effects associated with the promotion of a single form of sustainable city, as is currently the case with the paradigm of the compact city
Bramat, Eric. "L'obligation de sécurité : produits et services mis sur le marché." Montpellier 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000MON10040.
Full textCoulet, Thierry. "La transformation du système d'offre et la constitution d'un espace européen des services." Grenoble 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993GRE21002.
Full textThe european community has been set up on the basis of the idea of industrial integration. Services, however, represent today more than 50 % of activity and employment in europe. This thesis, on the basis of the above, analyses the potential content, prospects and interest of a european space for service activities. Statistical analysis first demonstrates the growing importance of international trade in services for the european community, as well as the change in the content of transactions. This analysis, however, has methodological and conceptual limits due to the difficulty in applying to service activities certain fundamental concepts and schemes of economic analysis, and in particular the concept of homogeneous product. This analysis thus leads to the question of a paradigmatic review. The profound changes in service activities are analysed as the components of a global transformation of their supply system. From this point of view, one can speak of the constitution of a european space for service activities if europe demonstrates itself to be the space for recomposition of this supply system. The development of networks and of international networked production lies at the center of this recomposition. The results of this analysis indicate that a european space for service activities, in the form of a network space, seems to be emerging. To the classical economic advantages associated with the formation of economic spaces must be added the characteristics of the european space for services activities as a vector for integration, i. E. Acting as core for a veritable community of actors
Frenot, Stephane. "Intergiciels systèmes pour passerelles de services ambiants." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00395181.
Full textBueno, Ruas de Oliveira Lucas. "Conception architecturale des systèmes robotiques orientée services." Thesis, Lorient, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LORIS374/document.
Full textRobotics has experienced an increasing evolution and interest from the society in recent years. Robots are no longer produced exclusively to perform repetitive tasks in factories, they have been designed to collaborate with humans in several important application domains. Robotic systems that control these robots are therefore becoming larger, more complex, and difficult to develop. In this scenario, Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) has been investigated as a promising architectural style for the design of robotic systems in a flexible, reusable, and productive manner. Despite the existence of a considerable amount of Service-Oriented Robotic Systems (SORS), most of them have been developed in an ad hoc manner. The little attention and limited support devoted to the design of SORS software architectures may not only hamper the benefits of SOA adoption, but also reduce the overall quality of robotic systems, which are often used in safety-critical contexts. This thesis aims at improving the understanding and systematization of SORS architectural design
Papathanassopoulos, Athanassios. "Les obligations des prestataires de services d'investissement." Reims, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003REIMD002.
Full textContemporary financial law enforces on financial intermediaries a multitude of obligations steming from deontology and soft law regulation processes, in the United Kingdom but also on european and international level. The present research examines the nature and content of financial obligations, the investor's rights and the importance of these obligations for the progress of the financial sector
GALLET, CATHERINE. "Service universel, concurrence et réglementation dans les services postaux européen." Marne-la-vallée, ENPC, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998ENPC9811.
Full textValiergue, Alice. "Vendre de l’air : sociologie du marché "volontaire" des services de compensation carbone." Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018IEPP0013/document.
Full textThis dissertation deals with the so-called “voluntary” carbon offset market. In this market, companies, which have no obligation to subscribe to these services, purchase “carbon credits” to “offset” their greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from private operators (NGOs or businesses). To obtain carbon credits, operators implement GHG emission reduction projects in Southern countries. These new trade exchanges, which date from the early 2000s, provoke critics. Journalists, environmental NGOs and scientists believe that this market on the one hand does not effectively reduce GHG emissions to fight against climate change, and on the other hand that people in the South face potential dangers linked to the implementation of carbon offsetting projects. The dissertation thus questions the apparent paradox of the choice of companies to invest in contested environmental services when they are not a regulatory obligation and may endanger their reputation. By considering the “voluntary” market as a “contested market”, according to the meaning given to this notion by Steiner and Trespeuch (2014), the dissertation explores the conditions of existence and maintenance of this market. Through interviews, observations and written sources, our research analyzes the role of various market devices, but also commercial work as well as the appropriation of the offer by buyers in organizing this market. In doing so, it questions more generally the relationship between economy and the environment and is interested in the determinant factors of the “voluntary” commitment of companies for the fight against global warming
Guillot, Stéphane. "Valorisation et structures de marché : le cas des services marchands aux entreprises." Paris 13, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA131019.
Full textThe limits of volume measure in business services and the particularities of these activities have led us to question the neoclassic theory of determination of prices. An analysis of the various modes of valorisation of services from value data has enabled us to underline the divdersity and the complexity of the way firms act, without using already data of price and volume. Consequently, our approach has brought us to consider the validity of an analysis about agregate results, in order to explain the structure of relative firm's position
Lambinon, Caroline. "Tarification du transport de l'électricité et pouvoir de marché." Paris 9, 2006. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2006PA090009.
Full textOpening the electricity market to competition requires the unbundling of the links production – transport, the transport activity being still regulated. Due to strong network externalities the notion of transport services goes behind the simple accounting framework. These externalities could be priced in real time at each node. This way the coordination of exchanges could be achieved through economic costs borne by the network’s users and not only through accounting costs or arbitrary commercial contracts. There are 2 organizational models opposing each other : a centralized model and a decentralized one. A centralized organization model is characterized by an unique company coordinating both the technical and economical questions and in charge of the pool centralizing the transactions, redistributing the misallocated resources resulting from the constraints linked to the network and guaranteing the transport rights on the supplied capacities. On the other hand, in the decentralized organization model, the economical function is separated from the technical function. Their coordination occurs through a minimum exchange of information between the network’s provider and the actors. These models provide adequate frameworks to define the competition rules given the decentralised nature of the actors’s decisions. Nonethesless they do not solve the question of the market power tentamount to the new structure’s success relying on flexibility and liquidity. In the centralized model, the actors react passively to the resources’ transfert therefore leading to tacit collusion between suppliers. The decentralized model takes into account the strategic nature of the actors’ behavior but the associated transaction costs are too high. To that regard, an intermediary solution like the « flowgates » could offer a suitable alternative. It would also be appropriate to phase up the heavy regulations relying on imperfect measure of competition and to implement instead incentive schemes favoring competitive behavior
Gallimard, Gilles. "Systèmes financiers différenciés et financement des déficits budgétaires en économie ouverte." Paris 10, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA100146.
Full textAn historical recalling and a review of the whole works which have initiated the improved the bipolar concept of overdraft-economy and auto-economy, enable to catch a differentiation form foundation for financial system of which a new definition as criteria classification is proposed. The frontiers permeability incidence is took up through this approach. During the second part, these definitions allow to demonstrate that fiscal deficits founding methods can, like financial mechanisms in which they take place, noticeably be dissimilar according as the system is an overdraft economy or an auto-economy: later than a review of the manifold public founding methods, it is demonstrated that, in auto-economy, a sound fiscal deficits financing cannot be reached but learnedly apportion potentially inflationist and potentially crowding out effects productive instruments, while, in overdraft economy, more typically inflationists solutions can be completed, for the most pure cases, by the release of the very beneficient “dam affect” transferable securities debt’s recovering). This adjustments analysis reaches his whole complexity with the ceaselessly moving anticipations influence, like with the growing financial systems international interdependence, which leads to a progressive homogeneity of the nationals financial mechanisms. During the third part, an empiric investigation enable to put into practice the classification method of which the necessity has been demonstrated, in theoretical way, during the second part. And so, France appears like an overdraft economy, which, under a “dam effect” action, is drawing nearer to the auto-economy state. Lastly, United Kingdom is an equivocal case because of the influence of his privileged role in the inexorably extending international integration phenomenon
Zhou, Qiang. "La régulation des marchés financiers en Chine : étude comparative des systèmes de régulation chinois, français et américain." Paris 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA010281.
Full textLaaribi, Karim Victor. "La santé en France, un système en marche ! : la complexité au service des soins de proximité et des maladies chroniques." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCB265.
Full textThe object of this thesis is the complexity concept, applied in the healthcare sector. Three major interconnected subjects were selected to study the appropriateness of this approach, its added value, and its application: chronic diseases, integration-coordination of care, and primary care. Four parts design the thesis: The 1st part introduces complexity concept and its appropriateness in the healthcare sector. The literature review and foreign experiences have approved that healthcare system is vital and a complex adaptive system (CAS): the healthcare system is a chain of effects: patient and community - microsystem - macro organization - environment (legal, ethical, financial, social, and regulatory, etc.). This domino effect and the dominoes are essentials. The microsystems has a pivotal role in this chain. They are the smallest replicable unit, at the sharp end with the population. They viewed as the micro-engines that generated quality and value for users, as the vital organs that linked users through the actions taken by front-line service providers at what has been called the "sharp end". The 2nd part brings the (CAS) closer to chronic diseases. Values, actors, patients, duration, care delivery, practices and medicine are undergoing changes and require a change in behavior. Understanding and studying current system agent patterns and their relationships supply a first ethical response: it all begins with this patient dependence feeling and the "patient-physician relationship pattern review. A domino effect has triggered that redesign the entire healthcare system. Empowerment is essential for a long micro-changes'process (i) of patients (to accept, to live and to self-manage his disease) and (ii) care teams (including physicians) to review their relationship with the patient and their mutual relationships. These micro-changes took place in the microsystem. The 3rd part of the thesis brings the (CAS) closer to the coordination issues and integration of care, particularly for chronic diseases. Coordination of complex patient case has often concerned the French legislator which recognizes and funds dedicated health network bodies. According to a recognized model, this part studies the factors of successful integration (coordination) and realizes that the (CAS) is inescapable: the patient pathway occurs and then orchestrated in the microsystem. It explains the health network's mixed results: these bodies cannot be (CAS). The outlined results of two observational studies using qualitative methods, carried out on the main health network components -the inpatient, the outpatient: (i) the meaningful existence of an inpatient (CAS), at varying vitality.The highest vital microsystem creates abvious generative interactions with all actors, inpatient, outpatient. Open to share and cooperate, it actively contributes in complex case management. (ii) mistrust and competition, between several outpatient actors, hinder any primary (CAS), for mutual generative, constructive relationship with inpatient microsystems. The 4th part brings the (CAS) closer to "territorial primary care platforms" (PTA), created by French legislator in 2016. This part outlines the steps to emerge a primary (CAS). It provides final answers to current questions related to the relationship health network- (PTA), to evaluation and improvement ways of such primary (CAS). The funding integration seem essential to succeed this new challenge
Damak, Mohamed. "Implication des systèmes de notation sur les cours boursiers." Paris 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA020025.
Full textSelmi, Noureddine. "Yield management et orientation marché : facteurs de performance dans les services (application à l’hôtellerie)." Chambéry, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006CHAML030.
Full textThis piece of research contributes to two current theoretical debates. It focuses on the one hand on what yield management implies strategically and on the other hand on the relationship between the market orientation and the performance of the service company. It foregrounds the relevance of market orientation when developing and implementing innovations and increasing company performances. Yield management, regarded as one of the main innovations in services, is considered as a mediator in the relationship between market orientation and performance. For this research one qualitative study and two quantitative studies have been carried out. For the quantitative survey the sample consisted of 132 executives officers, mostly hotel managers. The results underline the importance of the market orientation for companies in the hospitality industry in relation to their performance and the mediating role played by yield management. The results also show that the relation between the implementation of yield management and hotel performance is moderated by three variables : staff experience, the customers’ perception of “yield management practices” and hotel size. A tool for measuring the implementation of yield management is an interesting methodological proposition developed in this study
Maussang-Detaille, Nicolas. "Méthodologie de conception pour les systèmes produits-services." Grenoble INPG, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008INPG0165.
Full textThe paradigm of mass production and consumption based on the sale of physical products is considered because of strong competition and environmental impacts caused by this paradigm. To tackle these considerations, a service-based economy has emerged. The customer does not buy anymore a physical product, but pays for the use or for results provided by a system composed of products and services. Therefore, engineering designers must now reconsider the way they design these new systems and in particular physical objects involved in these systems. This doctoral thesis proposes a design methodology for structuring the development of these PSS from the design of the system to the detailed design of physical objects involved in the final solutions. Representations derived from the functional analysis and the establishment of operational scenarios enable the designers to describe the overall organization of the elements included into the system. This organisation is represented through the design buckles of the functional bloc diagram. Finally, the evaluation of the system from the design buckles enables engineering designers to link the parameters of physical objects and service units in order to assess that the whole system fulfil the performance expected by the customer
Allal-Chérif, Oihab. "Un modèle économique des places de marché électroniques." Grenoble 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007GRE21003.
Full textThe main hypothetis of this research is that if marketplaces have so much difficulties to developpe themselves and become efficient and usefull tolls fore there users, it's because they focus on transaction management instead of information management. This research presents a typology and a cartography of marketplaces and proposes a new business model for them. 4 cas studies are also compared to illustrate
Barban, Patrick. "Les entreprises de marché : contribution à l'étude d'un modèle d'infrastructure de marché." Thesis, Paris 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA020077.
Full textThe Market Operator is the for-profit company in charge of organizing and exploiting a regulated market. It has at its disposal several prerogatives it can use to issue binding rules and decisions toward both contractors and third parties. The model of the Market Operator poses certain questions, however. Sound and efficient regulation by the French Financial Market Authority can resolve the issue of conflicts of interest, though the question of the legal qualification of the prerogative remains. To resolve the ambiguity of the model, it is mandatory to take a full understanding of the notion of Market Interest. This collective interest, structuring the legal model of Market Operator, can have two different meanings. It would be legally qualified as a Common Interest in a model of true private law. This model would be built on prerogatives born from private power. These prerogatives grant rights to the Market Operator to accept as binding private rules and decisions for the contracting parties, but not toward third parties. Conversely, it is possible to integrate the Market Interest into the General Interest and create a public model of Market Operator. The official powers held by the Market Operator would permit the issuance of administrative rules binding for everyone
Nguyen, Thanh Thien. "Géométrie de systèmes dynamiques stochastiques et modèles de second ordre pour les marchés financiers." Toulouse 3, 2014. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2481/.
Full textThis thesis is devoted to a study of qualitative geometrical properties of stochastic dynamical systems, namely their symmetries, reduction and integrability, with applications to the problem of modelling of financial markets. It consists of four chapters. Chapter 1 is a brief review of basic notions from the theory of stochastic dynamical systems (SDS for short) written in Stratonovich form, and also Hamiltonian systems. The material in this chapter is not new, and is included in this thesis to make it self-contained. In Chapter 2, we study the problem of reduction of SDS with respect to a proper action of a Lie group. This is an important problem in the theory of dynamical systems in general. Various famous processes in stochastic calculus, e. G. The Bessel process, can be viewed as a result of reduction. But there are still some relatively simple results that we did not find in the literature and so we wrote them down in Chapter 2. In particular, we proved that if a SDS is not invariant but only diffusion-wise invariant with respect to a group action, then we can still do reduction. We also give necessary and sufficient conditions for a SDS to be reductible (i. E. Projectable) with respect to a given submersion map. In Chapter 3, we introduce and study the notion of integrability of SDS. This integrability notion lies between the integrability notion for classical deterministic systems and the integrability notion for quantum dynamical systems. One of the most fundamental results in the theory of classical integrable deterministic dynamical systems is the existence of so called Liouville torus actions which have the structure-preserving property. Those Liouville torus actions imply the quasi-periodic behaviour of proper integrable systems, allow one to do averaging and reduction (also for perturbations of integrable systems), find action-angle variables, and do quantization. We extend this fundamental result about the existence of structure-preserving Liouville torus actions to the case of integrable SDS. We also show how integrable SDS are naturally related to the problem of Riemannian metrics with integrable geodesic flows, which is a very interesting problem in geometry with many recent results in the literature. In Chapter 4, we argue that first order (stochastic differential) models of the stock markets, e. G. The famous Black-Scholes model, is conceptually not correct for the description of what is happening in the financial markets, even though they can be used for pricing financial derivative products. More realistic models of the market must be of second order, i. E. Taking into account both the price variables and the momentum variables. We develope in this chapter two simple second order models, namely the stochastic oscillator and the stochastic constrained n-oscillator, which can explain a lot of phenomena in the markets. A key notion introduced in these models is speculation energy (in analogy with physical energy), and we claim that it is this speculation energy which moves the financial markets
Castresana, Beatriz. "Relations entre le système éducatif et le marché du travail au Vénézuela." Paris 8, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA080255.
Full textIn our first part we will analyze the educational system in venezuela. The educational system is characterized from the colonial period to the 50s by its elitism. However since the 50s there has been a process of expansion of the education system on a large scale. The main objective was to adapt the human resources to the economic development prospects. It was thought that this would bring about a greater social equality. However the results of this expansion were not entirely satisfactory as it did not lead to any social mobility and the quality of the teaching remained low. In spite of the intentions to develop and educational system adapted to the economic necessities, the technical education has been and is still neglected in latin america and in venezuela in particular. In a second part we will analyze the links between the educational system and the labour market. We have chosen as our reference the theory of the segmentation if the labour market. According to this theory the labour market is not homogeneous. The differences of income are not deter mined by the level of study but by the segment of the labour market to which one belongs. Only college education has an influence upon the labour market because it allows to enter into the most organized segments. Our theoretical approch and the observations of the statistical data have led to show inadequacy between the pattern of planification educational and the functionning of the labour market
Bellezza, Amélie. "Analyse comparative des systèmes français et italien de lutte contre les abus de marché." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LORR0319/document.
Full textFinancial scandals have been increasing since the past forty years and reaction from media and public opinion prove the more and more apparent intolerance towards this peculiar offences. The interest of european authorities in this matters reveal this intolerance too. European regulations and directives in this field are more and more: on the one hand, in order to strengthen the prevention of market abuse by raising publicly accountable on issuers financial instruments ; on the other and, in order to tighten up punishment of market abuse and to consolidate the harmonisation between the Member States of European Union, including France and Italy. As a result, there is an accumulation of norms, rather similar in both national legal order, at least with regards to financial information, but legal framework is not always intelligible. As for punishment, criminal penalties are successfully integrated beside amministrative penalties. The dual market abuse repression has been rejected by european courts, then by Constitutional Counsil, but suppress the one or the other form of punishment doesn’t seems to be appropriate. On the contrary, a distribution of competences between criminal courts and administrative authorities seems to be judicious and necessary. The topics of criminal liability of legal persons has been brougth sharply into focus of european market abuse legislation : while italian national legal order has already integrate the requirements of European Union, french system of criminal liability of legal persons appears to be in jeopardy. Finally, the many rules of market abuse prevention and repression deployed by european, french and italian authorities, prompt also to suggest a common model of compensation for market abuse damages, in order to ensure consistency of system of fight against market abuse. This consistency seems to be reflected in the creation of conditions and terms rules for compensation of market abuse victims in the Membre States of European Union : these rules should refers to the determination of the nature of the injury and the determination of the amount of compensation awarded
I scandali finanziari si sono molteplicati nei quaranta ultimi anni e le reazioni dei media e dell’opinione pubblica dimostrano l’intolleranza sempre più patente nei confronti di questi reati peculiari. Traduce anche questa intolleranza il fatto che le autorità europee si interessano molto a questi problemi. I regolamenti e le direttive non cessano di molteplicarsi : da una parte, al fine di rinforzare la prevenzione dei reati borsistici tramite un aumento degli obblighi in materia di informazione finanziaria a carico degli emittenti ; dall’altra parte, al fine di accrescere la repressione nei confronti dei reati borsistici e di consolidare l’armonizzazione tra i diversi Stati membri dell’Unione europea, quali l’Italia e la Francia.Da quei fenomeni, risulta un’accumulazione di norme piuttosto simili tra i due ordinamenti giuridici, almeno per quanto riguarda l’informazione finanziaria. Tuttavia, il quadro normativo non appare molto accessibile. Quanto alla repressione, le sanzioni penali hanno ritrovato un posto accanto alle sanzioni amministrative. Benché il sistema repressivo del doppio binario sia stato rimesso in causa di recente dalle corti europee, e poi dalle corti nazionali, non sembra opportuno sopprimere l’una o l’altra via. Al contrario, una distribuzione delle competenze tra giudici penali ed autorità amministrative appare auspicabile e necessaria. La responsabilità delle persone giuridiche è anche stata messa il luce in modo esplicito e trattata nelle recenti riforme europee : mentre l’ordinamento giuridico italiano è già conforme alle esigenze istituite dal diritto dell’Unione europea, il sistema francese di responsabilità penale sembra minacciato.Per finire, il numero di regole di prevenzione e di repressione attuate dalle autorità francesi, italiane ed europee, incitano anche a proporre un modello comune di risarcimento per le vittime di reati borsistici, affinché la coerenza caratterizzi l’insieme del sistema di lotta contro gli abusi di mercato. Tale coerenza sarà possibile grazie alla creazione di condizioni e di modalità di indenizzo simili in tutti gli stati membri dell’Unione europea, in particolare con riferimento alla natura del danno subito e alla determinazione dell’ammontare del risarcimento consentito
Lhen, Jérôme. "L'intelligence économique appliquée au marché de la propulsion spatiale." Aix-Marseille 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001AIX30089.
Full textCurrently, the spatial sector's environment is in reconfiguration. The players are in evolution. They consolidate, create joint companiesamong opponents from yesterday. The use of the networks (either human or technical) allows a practice of a collective understanding, useful to resolve increasingly complex problems by the introduction of substantial information. Thz thought suggested in that thesis leans on the methods and tools of the information sciences that were developped within the Center of Retrospective Research in Marseille in order to determine the policies and strengths of the different players in the field of the spatial propulsion. The propulsion is the key element to an autonomous access to space. Therefore, in a market where the offer exceeds the demand, these methods allow an industrialist's incertainties reduction. Industrialist who must face the challenge of commercial space
Dominguez, Carine. "Modèles d'affaires et valeur des places de marché électroniques : taxonomie d'un phénomène émergent." Nantes, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005NANT4022.
Full textThe purpose of this thesis is to explore the emergent phenomenon of electronic market places (EMP), and more especially to understand the value of these platforms within inter-organizational exchanges between supplier and buyer organizations. The methodology is founded on six case studies achieved in EMPs built and/or mainly owned by buyer companies. They have different strategic positionings, i. E. Direct or indirect goods and services, customer segments in all kinds of areas, or, in our research, more specifically focused on automobile and retailing industries. Some of them have activities centred on the management of informational flows in purchases, in supplies or in the whole exchange process. The interviews are then coded in order to allow multiple-case studies comparisons which set out a taxonomy of EMP business models. The results are presented in an analysis framework of business models which clearly shows three types of business models: the Buy EMP, the Supply EMP and the Industrial EMP. Each model can be defined as a set of value added elements which are common and synthesized in twelve dimensions. They characterize our taxonomy and describe the nature and orientation of the benefits offered by these inter-organizational information systems. The analysis of these models through the transaction cost theory and the resource-based view allows us to initiate a theorizing of the EMP value as far as cost economies or efficient allocations of resources are concerned
Jiang, Yun. "Activation de l'audience et valeur générée par les usagers : leçons tirées des marchés de services multimédias mobiles en Chine." Paris, Télécom ParisTech, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009ENST0071.
Full textThis thesis is with the objective of exploring the profound impacts from the emergence of mobile multimedia services on the functioning of mobile industry as well as other ICT industries in terms of value system composition, strategic conducts of firms, and business model evolution. The research conducts a number of case studies that investigate determinant factors of representative mobile multimedia services. The thesis demonstrates that emergence of mobile multimedia services brings up structural re-organizations based upon a service-centric approach, between conventional 2G mobile, Internet and broadcast TV value chains. It is elaborated a structured frameworks of value system and a three dimensional layered frameworks, together with application of the method “Delta triangle”, to be served as analytical instruments in order to facilitate visualization of value system structure and interpretation strategic conducts of firms. Result of research reveals shifted preference of firms in strategic positioning from product per se to system functioning and particularly end users. Proposition of structural and systematic measures that enhances activation of user community from passive audience to active contributors and that devotes the re-use of user generated value take importance in business model transition of mobile multimedia service market. The capacity in extracting user generated value from virtual as well as physic activities, and capitalizing such value for sustainable business development within an effectively functioning value system, consists of the fundamental driving force of strategic positioning and business model innovation
Malet, Emmanuel. "Interopérabilité des systèmes d'IAO : les services de prototypage rapide." Reims, 2003. http://theses.univ-reims.fr/sciences/2003REIMS020.pdf.
Full textAoudi, Marc. "Agglomération : réseaux et accès au marché dans la nouvelle économie géographique." Paris 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA010067.
Full textMedzegue, M'akuè Joël-Jadot. "Développement durable et marché de l’Information scientifique et technique au Gabon." Paris 8, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA083645.
Full textAt the beginning of this century, sustainable development became one of the collective concerns. This is why the study of the couple STI/NICT from the point of view of this development proves to be from now on one of the priority challenges for developing countries. This is because, whereas economic, social and cultural development in the North was mainly carried out while taking into account STI in most of the situations, it is recognized that poverty in the South is mainly a result of lack of decision and action information which accentuates under-development. However, so that decisions can be taken on the basis of reliable information, it is necessary to not only be concerned by its quality, quantity, availability, but by adequacy to problems encountered as well while bearing in mind that need for information is real on all levels of decision or action and for all the individuals. Thus, what is the place of STI/NICT in the service of sustainable development in Gabon ? What about STI local market? These questions, which calls on others, are studied in this work, especially the relationship between STI and sustainable development, STI and sustainable education, STI and sustainable health, NICT contribution. Lastly, proposals for a dynamic local market are outlined
Dreyer, Alexander. "Le rôle des plateformes et des systèmes dans l'analyse du secteur évolutif des télécommunications." Paris 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA010071.
Full textSpiliopoulos, Panayotis. "Analyse et simulation du marché pour le lancement d'un nouveau produit : réalisation d'un SIAD." Paris 9, 1987. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1987PA090044.
Full textOne of the managers' concerns is the adaption of innovation strategies and the development of new products and or activities. The objectives of this work are to illustrate the advantages of multicriteria modelling and to propose a new product decisions methodology which could be supported by a dss. Our methodology is based on the multicriteria modelling of consumers preferences. A utility functions'estimation model and an individual choice model are proposed and developed. Aggregating the results obtained by the choice model allows us to simulate the product's market. Writing a software for automating this methodology eventually lead us to build a trully interactive package
Plagne, Isabelle. "Les systèmes d'étude marketing dans l'industrie pharmaceutique." Paris 5, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA05P072.
Full textHattab, Rasha. "L'obligation de conseil des prestataires de services d'investissement." Université Robert Schuman (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004STR30006.
Full textThis thesis aims at defining the role of the duty ta advice imposed on investment services providers within the financial markets law. The first part is devoted to explaining the concept of the duty ta advice. Il delineates the bases of this duty, determines in which circumstances the investment services pro vider is held of a duty to advice towards the private investor aud undertakes a critical analysis of the field of the duty to advice in an effort ta propose solutions likely to rationalize the field of application of this duty. The second part deals with the implementation of this duty. Il addresses how the duty to advice can be carried out. Are there conditions relating to the form of the delivered advice? On whom falls the burden of proof of the execution? What sanctions are applicable and for which faults? What is the nature of the darnage suffered by the investor and what is the appropriate compensation?
Chaari, Sodki. "Interconnexion des processus interentreprises : une approche orientée services." Lyon, INSA, 2008. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2008ISAL0134/these.pdf.
Full textToday, enterprises are operating in a quickly changing market characterized by increasing customer demands for low cost and short time to market. To cope with these business conditions, enterprises must adopt a two‐level solution. The former is on the inter‐organizational side in which enterprises collaborate together in order to provide the best products or services. The later is on the organization side where enterprises must be more agile to survive. A contemporary approach for addressing these critical issues is the Service Oriented Architecture (SOA). Accordingly, we extend this architecture style to the global enterprise level, and not only to the IT level. The result is a flexible, agile, managed SOA ecosystem that supports dynamic enterprise collaboration. This architecture is based on SOA and extends it to a Service Oriented Enterprise. Typically, a Service Oriented Enterprise is an enterprise which implements and exposes its business processes through a set of well defined services. In order to guarantee a dynamic and on‐demand collaboration, we develop a Framework for composing enterprise services with a particular attention to their non‐functional descriptions
Biswas, Debmalya. "Visibilité en systèmes hiérarchiques." Rennes 1, 2009. ftp://ftp.irisa.fr/techreports/theses/2009/biswas.pdf.
Full textHierarchical systems provide an elegant mechanism to analyze system functionality at different levels of abstraction. They are usually constructed in a top-down or bottom-up fashion level by level. As a result, by construction, visibility of entities in a hierarchical system is restricted to adjacent (parent-child) levels. Such restricted visibility is often not sufficient for real-life scenarios. On the other hand, allowing arbitrary interaction among the hierarchical entities, without any restrictions, is not an acceptable solution either due to security concerns. In this thesis, we address two sub-problems of the visibility issue in hierarchical systems. First, we consider the problem of defining a visibility model, given the visibility requirements and restrictions of the different entities in a hierarchy. We present graph based visibility models for two specific hierarchical systems: P2P Communities and Web services compositions. Second, we deal with the orthogonal problem of determining the visibility requirements of the given hierarchy such that a specific property holds. We give both absolute and approximate algorithms to determine the minimal visibility required by a hierarchical Web services composition to provide the property of transactional atomicity
Melliti, Tarek. "Interopérabilité des services Web Complexes : Application aux systèmes multi-agents." Paris 9, 2004. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2004PA090024.
Full textThis work concerns the formalization of operational interoperabilility between two communicating systems and particularly between the composite services. Formalization retranscribes the possibility of a correct interaction between two communicating systems using different specifications. This formalization materializes in three steps: Firstly, we define the observability as a reference of abstraction to express the semantics of different specification. Then, we propose a relation of conformity on the states of two systems which retranscribes the concept of correct interaction. Lastly, we define a synthesis algorithm which, being given the specification of a composite service and its observable semantics, either generates a correct client or detect an ambiguous behaviour. This work lead to a realisation of a composite Web services interaction plate-form and an environment of multi-agent systems integration
Shan, Mingwei. "L'article VI de l'Accord général sur le commerce de services et le marché financier chinois." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/6431.
Full textNehan, Habas Yves-Roger. "MeTSI : une méthode de transformation de services intentionnels." Paris 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA010017.
Full textGnaedinger, Eric. "Étude d'architectures et de services d'application pour un réseau de communication multi-services dédié au génie urbain." Nancy 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991NAN10362.
Full textVaubourg, Anne-Gaël. "Essais sur l'architecture des systèmes financiers : analyse théorique et empirique du partage entre banque et marché." Orléans, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000ORLE0506.
Full textTrabelsi, Slim. "Services spontanés sécurisés pour l'informatique diffuse." Phd thesis, Télécom ParisTech, 2008. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00004140.
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