Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Marché du travail, Effets de l'automatisation sur le'
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Landry, Christian. "L'impact du salaire minimum sur l'automatisation de l'emploi au Canada." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/67079.
Full textThis thesis brings together two major field of economic research in the labor market,that is, research on minimum wage and research on job automation. The objective of thisthesis is therefore to assess the impact of the minimum wage on the automation ofemployment in Canada between 1998 and 2018. The main hypothesis is that increases in theminimum wage stimulate the automation of jobs requiring few skills, by substituting newtechnologies for low-skilled workers. The analysis uses the methodology of Lordan andNeumark (2018) in order to explore this hypothesis of capital-labor substitution and to betterunderstand how minimum wage policies shape the type of employment held in Canada. Theresults show that a 10% increase in the minimum wage would reduce the share of automatedjobs held by low-skilled workers by 0,3 percentage points. The second part of this thesis alsoshows a higher probability of losing their job for low-skilled workers in automatable jobsfollowing an increase in the minimum wage. Together, these results are evidence that theminimum wage has a positive effect on the automation of employment in Canada.
Pelek, Selin. "Les effets du salaire minimum sur le marché du travail turc." Thesis, Paris 13, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA131001.
Full textMinimum wage is an important tool of social policy. It consists of four chapters: The first chapter presents the institutions of the minimum wage and the main results in the literature concerning the effects of minimum wages on the various economic and social variables in developing countries. The second chapter identifies empirically the profile of workers paid at minimum wage. The results indicate that the probability of receiving the minimum wage is high among the groups considered "fragile". The third chapter examines the impact of the minimum wage on employment in the context of demand and supply of labor and shows that the minimum wage has no negative impact on employment. Besides, a minimum wage increase has a positive effect on the probability of remaining employed. The last chapter analyzes the evolution of the wage distribution over the last decade in Turkey. The results show that the minimum wage increase in 2004 contributed to reduce wage inequality in this country
Verne, Jean-François. "L' impact des prélèvements obligatoires sur le marché du travail : recherche d'une structure fiscale optimale pour l'emploi et rôle des composantes culturelles." Aix-Marseille 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001AIX32071.
Full textThe tax contributions describes the whole of fiscal contributions and social contributions. It affects the individual behaviours and therefore the supply and demand labour. According to the microecnomics foundations of macroeconomics, the employers and workers response - after a change in tax and contributions - can lead to substantial growth and employment variations. This thesis analyses the composition of tax revenues and examines the institutional aspects of labour markets of three countries group among OECD. It points out that equity and efficiency of fiscal structures - affecting growth, employment and well being - depends of national culture. The term of "culture" includes economics behaviour, fiscal redistribution and welfare systems, choice politics about the nature of contribution making up fiscal structure and bargaining collective models. . .
Boubtane, Ekrame. "Les migrations internationales dans les pays de l'OCDE : effets sur le marché du travail et sur la croissance économique." Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00697298.
Full textSabadini, Mauricio de Souza. "Le capital fictif et ses effets sur la macroéconomie et sur le monde du travail au Brésil." Paris 1, 2008. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00354467.
Full textSicsic, Michaël. "Les incitations fiscales au travail et à la recherche et développement en France et leurs effets sur le marché du travail." Thesis, Paris 2, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA020068.
Full textThis thesis focuses on the financial incentives to work and invest in R&D in France, their evolution and their effects. First, we simulate the incentives to work of the French population both at the intensive and extensive margin, taking into account all taxes on labor income and means-tested benefits. Our estimations show that incentives have increased at the bottom of the income distribution since 1998 as a result of reforms that occured in the 2000s, and that marginal tax rates have shifted from a U-shaped form based on income levels to a tilde-shaped form. Between 1998 and 2014, incentives to work at the intensive margin rose for very low incomes due to the implementation of several reforms. Then, individuals' behavioural responses to these incentives to work are evaluated exploiting tax and means-tested reforms that took place between 2006 and 2015. It shows that the effects of marginal tax rates on labour income are relatively small overall but very heterogeneous depending on individual characteristics. Reactions would be stronger for income tax reforms than for means-tested benefit reforms. Finally, we study the subsidies and tax incentives for R&D (Research Tax Credit and contribution reduction for Young Innovative Firms). We show that R&D support rates increased mostly for small firms in the 2000s. For these firms, we highlight the effect of the sharp increase in R&D public support on employment devoted to R&D activities. This effect would have been positive and increasing between 2004 and 2010, but less than the increase in aid received between 2008 and 2010
Gérard-Prenveille, Laura. "Dynamiques de l'investissement et du chômage dans un modèle de négociations salariales : une étude sur données françaises (1975-1997)." Rennes 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001REN10006.
Full textBrouillette, Dany. "Trois essais sur les primes au travail." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25527/25527.pdf.
Full textChatenay, Annie. "Cadre au chômage et formation : les effets du dispositif du Fonds National de l'Emploi sur les trajectoires professionnelles." Aix-Marseille 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001AIX10037.
Full textThis study analyses the impacts of the training courses of the National Employment Funds (FNE) on the career paths of unemployed executives. "FNE Cadres" is a training programme of the Minister of Labour and Social Affairs. Its objective is to facilitate the reintegration of unemployed executives into the professional worforce. This study is based principally on a questionnaire sent to all participants in the programme in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region from 1992 to 1994. In addition to examining the effectiveness of the programme, this study describes the role of the institutional partners that implement the programme : The Association for the employment of managers and executives (APEC), the National Agency for Employment (ANPE) and the Regional Directorate of Work, Employment and Professional Training (DRTEFP). The training programme, its effects, and the altered careers of the unemployed executives highlight the veritable metamorphosis that this social class underwent in th 1990s
Ouali, Nouria. "Migration et accès au marché du: les effets émancipateurs sur la condition des femmes issues de l'immigration." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210479.
Full textL'étude tente d'abord de mettre en lumière le rôle des femmes immigrées dans l'histoire de la Belgique en le ré-articulant à l'histoire sociale, l'histoire des femmes et l'histoire de l'immigration. Ensuite, elle montre que l'approche dominante des travaux sur les migrations ne prend pas en compte la dimension du genre, ce qui a pour conséquence de masquer la différenciation des expériences migratoires selon le sexe. Enfin, elle replace l'analyse du statut des femmes immigrées et de leurs descendantes dans la complexité des rapports sociaux de sexe, de race et de classe afin de mieux rendre compte des réalités concrètes et de sortir du simplisme des approches culturalistes.
La thèse développe une analyse des politiques d'intégration (politiques éducative, de l'emploi et de lutte contre les discriminations) visant l'émancipation des immigrées et en évalue l'impact sur les filles de migrant-es d'origine marocaine. Elle présente enfin les trajectoires individuelles des filles de migrant.es marocain.es et examine les facteurs individuels et collectifs favorisant leur émancipation.
Doctorat en sciences sociales, Orientation sociologie
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Ulrich, Valérie. "Les jeunes peu qualifiés sur le marché du travail en France : une analyse empirique des effets de la filière de formation, de la nature du contrat d'embauche et du contexte local." Paris 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA010042.
Full textThe purpose of this thesis is to examine the school-to work transition of low qualified young workers in France. Individual longitudinal data on school leavers are used. The first part underscores that the literature focuses on the analysis of employment, unemployment and non-participation spells duration and on transitions between these different states on the labour market. The second part studies whether entry into the labour market evolves more efficiently if people are educated within the traditional vocational system or if they are trained as apprentices. Two alternative measures of labour market success are used : the proportion of time employed during a period of four and a half years and wages. Selection bias issues are considered. The third part is devoted to the analysis of demand side effects. On the one hand, using repeated game theory concepts, the effects of fixed term contracts and open term contracts on the quality of the relationship between an employer and a worker are examined. The impact of the type of contract, under which the young worker is recruited, on earnings and job satisfaction is estimated. On the other hand, the role of local labour markets' characteristics (local unemployment rate, local supply of training and local adequacy between supply of training and demand) is considered
Franco, Cavalcante Jacqueline. "La mondialisation financière et ses effets sur le développement économique au Brésil et au Chili : Une analyse sous l'optique du marché du travail : les années quatre-vingt-dix." Paris 13, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA131019.
Full textHeckel, Thomas. "Effets de l'informatisation sur la productivité et la demande de capital humain." Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00139396.
Full textLe premier article montre de façon comptable que l'utilisation et la production des TIC ont fortement contribué à la croissance dans les années 90 en France.
Le deuxième article propose une nouvelle méthode pour évaluer l'effet de l'informatisation sur la demande de capital humain. Celle ci est fondée sur l'estimation de la fonction de production et permet de traiter plus facilement les problèmes d'endogénéité. Elle conduit néanmoins à des résultats très imprécis.
Le troisième article examine l'effet des TIC sur la productivité. Les résultats suggèrent que l'adoption d'Internet affecterait la croissance de la productivité globale des facteurs dans les années 90 en France, via un effet sur l'efficacité des femmes et des employés qualifiés.
Le dernier article évalue l'effet de l'adoption des TIC sur la demande de capital humain. Il indique que les entreprises qui ont adopté ces technologies n'ont pas déplacé leur demande de travail en faveur des jeunes ou des qualifiés. Selon ces deux articles, l'impact des TIC ne dépendrait pas de l'utilisation ou de l'adoption de nouvelles pratiques organisationnelles.
Guedira, Mohammed. "De l'université à l'emploi : le chômage des diplômés en sciences économiques au Maroc." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/29337.
Full textSy, Adama. "Éducation et développement : la formation et l'entrepreneurship au Mali." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/29154.
Full textCardinal, Élise. "Effets de la formation bureautique sur les motivations à la pratique et à l'utilisation des nouveaux acquis dans leur travail chez des employés de la régie de l'assurance-automobile du Québec." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/29122.
Full textKamanzi, Pierre Canisius. "Influence du capital humain et du capital social sur les caractéristiques de l'emploi chez les diplômés postsecondaires au Canada." Thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/23561/23561.pdf.
Full textTo what extent do level of education and social network ties affect job distribution on the labour market? Based on the human capital theory, many researchers have associated an individual’s job access and salary level to his/her level of education. From this perspective, differences in income from employment are explained by differences in level of education. Proponents of functionalist theory agree with this view; they associate socio-economic status distribution on the labour market with level of education. The eighties and nineties saw the emergence of a new theory based on the effect of social network ties. According to this theory, social network ties constitute social capital. Proponents of this theory argue that an individual’s job access and socio-economic status are influenced by the social capital he/she invests or is prepared to invest in order to obtain the employment sought. Since then, sociologists, such as Lin (1981, 1999) have even argued that job access and socio-economic status are more explained by an individual’s social capital rather than by his/her human capital (level of education). Others still hold the opposing view, namely that human capital has a greater effect on job access and socio-economic status than does social capital (Marsden and Hurbert, 1988; De Graaf and Flap, 1988; Wegener, 1991). This is the framework of this study. It is aimed at examining the relative effect of human and social capital on the characteristics of employment obtained by young post-secondary graduates. We put forward the hypothesis that in Canada, both human and social capital have an effect on the characteristics of employment obtained. We propose to answer the following question: of human capital and social capital, which one has greater influence on the following characteristics of employment obtained: 1) full-time or half-time employment, permanent or temporary employment, 3) salary, 4) individual has less education than required or has the same (or more) education as required and 5) socioeconomic status of employment? We used the Statistics Canada data from the National Graduates Survey, 1995. We applied chi-square and logistic regression tests and we used SAS and SPSS. The results we obtained using multiple regression confirm our hypothesis, namely that all of characteristics of employment are closely linked to both human and social capital. v Nonetheless, an individual’s human capital has relatively greater influence than does his/her social capital.
Anctil, Mélanie. "Les nouvelles générations et le sens du travail : les jeunes en quête d'expressivité au travail et d'un plus grand équilibre dans la vie." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/18713.
Full textParmi les changements de situation que traversent les individus au cours de leur existence, l'insertion professionnelle est sans doute l'une des transitions les plus difficiles et importantes à réaliser. Ce passage vers la vie adulte s'accompagne d'une importante restructuration des valeurs au cours de laquelle les représentations et les aspirations jadis entretenues à l'égard du travail et de la vie hors travail* se voient confrontées à la réalité désormais vécue en emploi. Ces aspirations jouent en outre un important rôle dans la définition des attitudes et des attentes professionnelles, qui à leur tour influencent les satisfactions et frustrations rencontrées au travail. Cela dit, comment et pourquoi les représentations entretenues envers le travail et les valeurs accordées à celui-ci se transforment-elles, et quelles sont les sources de tels changements? Ce mémoire tente d'élucider ces questions en présentant les résultats d'une récente enquête menée auprès de jeunes travailleurs issus de différents secteurs d'activité et actuellement en processus d'insertion. Au total, quatorze entretiens ont été réalisés dans le cadre de cette étude dont l'objectif est précisément de retracer, à l'intérieur de différents parcours biographiques, les changements d'aspirations sur le plan professionnel et l'implication de l'insertion professionnelle dans ce processus.
Niambi-Mayasi, Batiotila. "Déperdition des effectifs scolaires du second degré au Zaïre : le devenir professionnel des jeunes qui abandonnent leurs études en cours du cycle." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/29291.
Full textSaafi, Sami. "Effets des innovations technologiques sur l'emploi industriel : essai d'analyse à partir du cas tunisien." Phd thesis, Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00872661.
Full textNadeau, Charles. "Les relations entre travail et éducation au Québec : le cas de la réforme scolaire primaire et secondaire de 2001." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/30279.
Full textThe purpose of this thesis is to study the reconfiguration of the relationship between work and training. It seeks to highlight the process by which cross-curricular competencies entered Quebec's primary and secondary school system in the early 2000s. In an analysis combining a homology approach inspired by Lucy Tanguy's work and a study of social representations based on the model developed by Pascal Moliner, the aim of this thesis is to understand the change in the relation between work and training, which has been achieved by the introduction of transversal skills. It aims to demonstrate the influence of new productive systems and work flexibility practices on the development of a new conception of primary and secondary education. A conception designed to "secure" the career paths of future workers by instilling competences aimed at adaptability and "employability". On the other hand, this "security" would not be exclusively motivated by changes in the labor market, but by the development of a contemporary worldview based on uncertainty.
Soil, Christophe. "Essays on organizations and technological progress." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211096.
Full textBelisimbi, Félicité. "Les déterminants des conditions de vie des Inuit du Nunavik. Le rôle de l'éducation." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25679/25679.pdf.
Full textHuguet, Mélissa. "Le système éducatif au Chili : une analyse en équilibre général calculable." Thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BORD0123/document.
Full textThe Chilean education system is split between the public and private sectors, inducing persistent inequality. Students from public secondary schools benefit from fewer opportunities than those from private schools, particularly in regard to acceptance rates at traditional universities. Acceptance at traditional universities is conditional on passing a selection test. In this regard, private secondary school graduates outperform their public-school peers. However, businesses prefer to hire students from traditional universities rather than private universities. Due to the high costs of private education and to the quality gap between public and private education at primary and secondary levels, students from poor households find themselves at a disadvantage when applying to traditional universities. In this thesis, we study three kind of policies that facilitate access to private schools or aim to improve the quality of public education, allowing equal opportunities for all students to enter into traditional universities. The policies analyzed are: i) an increase in subsidies granted to private schools, ii) a decrease of the consumer price of public education services and iii) an increase in current expenditures in public education services.In the first chapter, we use a static computable general equilibrium model which takes into account the segmentation of the education market between public and private sectors. We present the behaviours in the education market in terms of the demand and production of education services by level of education (primary, secondary and tertiary). Labour supply is exogenous and is specified according to skills (diplomas) and type of education (public or private). The simulation results show that a policy of increased subsidies granted to private primary and secondary schools facilitates access to private primary and secondary schools. Conversely, an increase in current expenditures in public education services restricts access to private schools. A reduction in the consumer price of public education services renders the different sectors of education more competitive with one another. In addition, unemployment decreases significantly with a policy of higher current expenditures granted to public education services.The model presented in the second chapter is a dynamic extension of the model used in the first chapter, taking into account two new indicators. Household demand for public and private education services depends on relative prices and on an indicator for relative quality of education. The human capital formation indicator varies according to real investments made in each level and type of education. In this chapter, labour supply is exogenous. We focus on the impacts of each policy on sectoral productivity, growth and unemployment. Depending on the targets pursued by the government, policy can be chosen to induce high levels of growth at the expense of a rising unemployment (increased subsidies granted to private schools) or a policy which reduces unemployment and which generates lower, but still substantial, levels of growth (improvement of the quality of public education by increased public expenditures into public education services)