Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Marché du travail – Sénégal'
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Larouche, Alexandre. "Impact du PDEF sur le marché du travail des travailleurs "qualifiés" du Sénégal." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/5474.
Full textDiop, Mayemouna. "La flexibilité de l'emploi en droit du travail français et sénégalais." Grenoble 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1995GRE21036.
Full textFLEXIBILITY IN EMPLOYEMENT HAS BEEN DESCRIBED AS THE ABILITY OF FIRMS TO REACT RAPIDLY TO THE DEMANDS OF THE MARKET OR AS AN INTERNAL MANAGEMENT STRATEGY AIMING AT RATIONALIZATION. IT COVERS PRACTICES AND VARIOUS REQUIREMENTS WHICH HAVE NOT THE SAME AIM. IT MAY BE ACHIEVED BY MEASURES TO RELAX LEGAL OR CONVENTIONAL REGULATIONS IN ORDER TO LOOSEN RESTRICTIONS, FACILITATE THE USE OF PARTICULAR TYPES OF WORK OR THE PLANNING OF JOBS TAKING INTO ACCOUNT FUTURE REQUIREMENTS, OR PROFESSIONNAL TRAINING. WE HAVE POINTED OUT SOME DISTINCTIVE CHARACTERISTICS RELATING EITHER TO THE LENGTH OF THE WORK CONTRACT, WHETHER FULL OR PART TIME AND THE ABILITY OF THE EMPLOYEE TO WORK FOR SEVERAL EMPLOYERS. FOR A LONG TIME, ONE HAS BEEN CONSIDERING FULL TIME PERMANENT EMPLOYEMENT WITH NO LIMITATIONS OF LENGTH, IN DEVELOPED COUNTRIES LIKE FRANCE AS WILL AS IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES SUCH AS SENEGAL. WHEREAS THE USUAL LABOUR MANAGEMENT RELATION BINDS THE EMPLOYEE TO THE EMPLOYER FOR AN UNDETERMINATE length OF TIME AND MAKES IT COMPULSARY FOR THE EMPLOYEE TO BE IN THE FIRM'S PREMICES, IN THE CONTEXT OF FLEXIBLE EMPLOYEMENT, THE STRATEGY OF THE FIRM IS TO EMPLOY A CHORE OF PERMANENT WORKERS AND IN ADDITION, TEMPORARY EMPLOYEES. THE TEMPORARY EMPLOYEES CONSTITUTE A RESERVE OF MANPOWER, ALLOWING THE FIRM TO MODIFY RAPIDLY THE AMOUNT OF ITS EMPLOYEES, ACCORDING TO ITS NEEDS WITHOUT SUPPORTING THE COST OF A LARGE PERMANENT WORK FORCE. THE NEED TO ADAPT THE SIZE OF THE WORK FORCE AND ITS SKILLS IN ORDER TO REACH THE TARGETS OF THE FIRM HAS BROUGHT ABOUT A FLEXIBILITY IN THE USE OF WORK FORCE AND, CONSEQUENTLY, IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF MANAGEMENT STRUCTURE
Gassama, Absa. "Marché du travail et structuration d'un groupe professionnel : le cas des travailleuses domestiques du Sénégal." Paris, EHESS, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012EHES0131.
Full textThe objective of this thesis is to explore the forms of the informal structure of the professional group of domestic workers in the labour market of a poor developing country. To do this, although aware of the formal structural forms and the conflicting links with this informal world, we have based most of our study tries to discover forms of institutionalization in manners that are outside of the rational legal world. We tried to discover the cultural and socioeconomic foundations of the practice of massive domestic wage work. Thus, from the perversion of the circulation of children to the present forms of exercise of the domestic wage work, we find common cultural traits from castes or traditional social classes in Senegal. However, we observe above mainly a real questioning of the forms of solidarity who had woven around traditional domestic work with the wide dissemination of the social practice of domestic wage work and the mobilization of domestic workers on labour markets, to enhance their careers and working conditions. The practice of massive domestic wage work in Senegal led to the institutionalization of its mode of exchange in labour markets belonging to the informal economy. The study of these markets reveals the structure of the group of domestic workers on the basis of their work and from that of a network of intermediaries that emerges. The result is a professional group that puts the concept of "labour markets closed" (C. Paradeise) or social closure in the neo-weberian language
Mare, Ndéye Andel Diagne. "Analyse de l'insertion différentielle sur le marché de l'emploi : étude de cas sur l'agglomération dakaroise." Paris 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA010552.
Full textNiane, Thierno Seydou. "Contribution à l'étude du secteur informel rural non agricole dans le processus du développement économique : le cas de Bambey au Sénégal." Bordeaux 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988BOR1D307.
Full textGuèye, El Hadji Séga. "L'expérience de la précarité au travail chez les acteurs industriels au Sénégal : le cas de la SOCOCIM et des ICS." Bordeaux 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007BOR21509.
Full textThe intense development of the economic relations throughout the world has widely served to expand and reinforce the precariousness of work in developing countries. This thesis aims to point out that the notion of precariousness of work is not the privilege of developed countries. It has many shapes, connecting with the context and the environment. The methodological step based upon fieldworks and documentary exploration allows the following conclusion: firms or groupings of economic interest contract out entire parts of the industrial activities of SOCOCIM and ICS, shared out between the formal and the informal area. The firm that had a central power when it held the monopoly of the control of its workforce leaves more and more room to a form of organisation, which tends to liberate a category of workers and which becomes more or less autonomous. The interests separate industrial actors. Tensions and conflicts appear suddenly with the advent of a form of liberalization, which creates the system's fortunate and excluded ones. The actors' tensions appear under forms of polarities that are due to, not only, uniquely, the social construct of the industrial work's organisation, but also the interpretation and the meaning that the actors give to their actions. Thus the polarity between the workers 'interest and the firm's interest, the polarity between the industrial employees and the interest of the actors of the subcontract, the polarity between the trade union movement and the management's interest, form altogether a body of internal tensions carried by subjective and autonomous opinions. Each actor, beyond preconceptions on liberalization and privatization, tries to display strategies to defend his interests. Eventually, he attempts to define himself as the author of his own situation, while constructing his social identity of work throughout a body of subjective judgements
Sylla, Ndongo Samba. "Les inégalités de genre sur les marchés du travail des pays en développement : le cas du Sénégal (1992-2002)." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009VERS036S.
Full textThis research focuses on gender inequality in Senegalese labour market during the 90’s (1992-2002). By this expression, we mean inequality between men and women (i) in access to paid employment; (ii) employment opportunities (employment segregation); (iii) working conditions and (iv) earnings. Taking into account the specificities of the labour markets of the underdeveloped countries is a precondition for all study on economic inequality between men and women. This proposition is our starting hypothesis. Actually, compared to developed countries labour markets, those of developing countries are characterized by the greater heterogeneity of their employment relations. The unequal distribution of men and women across different statuses and institutional sectors is one of the most important facet of gender inequality in this type of context. It implies a segmentation of employment and earnings based on gender. Due to the discriminations they face, their lower access to factors of production and education, Senegalese women still have a low economic status compared to men : they have less access to paid employment; their employment opportunities tend to be limited to a reduced number of sectors and professions; in terms of working conditions, they face a great precariousness as shown by their overexposure to jobs provided by the informal economy; in terms of earnings, they are less paid than men even in the circumstances where their level of education is more important. In order to promote economic equality between sexes, this study advocates a renewed investment on female education and a greater statistical effort on gender issues
Gueye, Cina. "Activités invisibles et compétitions dans la ville africaine contemporaine : migration chinoise et reconfiguration économique à Dakar." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE2032.
Full textOur thesis is particularly interested in the impact of economic modes inscriptions of Chinese entrepreneurs on the of internal balances recomposition of the invisible job market, incarnated by economic actors accumulating the differences to the majority standards in an urban environment characterized by the struggle of the different actors involved in the appropriation of land and resources offered by the city.Our goal is to realize competition regimes, cooperation, fights for space and resources offered by the city, distancing logic between actors working on competing segments. In this perspective, we opted for a multi-site approach involving various urban competition actors: Senegalese street traders, shoemakers, to appreciate the different postures of the actor’s invisible economy facing to the recomposition of the internal balance of their business segments.The emphasis on the reconfiguration of the invisible job market induced by the co-presence in this type of ethnographical research examines the domination reports, resistors, but also adaptations that punctuate the actors in the urban area where is building new trade arrangements between tension and compromise
Zougbede, Emeline. "Ce que le « dispositif » fait au travailleur « sans-papiers » : analyser l'emploi et les rapports à l'emploi de migrants dits « sans-papiers », originaires de la vallée du fleuve Sénégal, à Paris, au prisme de la régularisation exceptionnelle au titre du travail." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCB215/document.
Full textThis research deals with the employment of undocumented people from the Senegal valley, in Paris and the legalization processes. Mobilizing the two concepts of "identify of papers" Dardy [1991] 1998; Noiriel, 1998, 2007; Bruno, 2010) and "interstices of game", this doctoral thesis, based on an sociological and inductive approach, highlights the mechanisms and logics that are inherent to putting undocumented people into work. From there, the lack of residence permit implies the inscription of these migrants in specific sectors of activities. Therefore, employments are registered in the secondary labour market, if not an exogenous market, where employment and its forms are very precarious. If migrants take these jobs, it is because work is the key parameter in the migratory situations. The balance between supply and demand of labour draws its legitimacy from the French State. Indeed, leglization processes determine this balance, and justify it by normalizing it. The legitimacy of French State is allowed by a recovery and "instrumentation" (Lascoumes, 2003) of the figure of "Undocumented Worker", which was first introduced during the strike of 2008-2010. In other words, the employment situations lead to discuss of the production of a specific labour force by the State. The legalization processes are based on the figure of "Undocumented Worker" and by this manner elect the alien in an irregular situation who will be regularized. This lead to formulate the following argument: the employment of undocumented migrants is due to economic logics which establish specific forms to putting undocumented people into work. This is guaranteed by precariousness of status employments, enables to produce forms of a low citizenship that political logics reinforce. Thus, the legalization process supports this perspective. The figure of "Undocumented Worker", from the strike of 2008-2010, is used by the French State to justify the legalization process by work. All these elements are included by a manner of governing that is attached to a particular scheme of biopolitic
Akim, Al-mouksit. "Trois essais sur la migration, les transferts privés et le développement économique en Afrique Subsaharienne." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLED047/document.
Full textThe three essays composing this thesis make contributions to the literature on the consequences of migration and private transfers on the economic development of the countries of origin of sub-Saharan Africa.The first essay evaluates the distributive impact of international and domestic transfersin Senegal. The results show that private transfers reduce income inequality in Senegal. This equalizing effect is mainly driven bydomestic transfers. The second essay examines the insurance function of migration in Mali. We find that migration acts as an insurance mechanism when the household suffers an idiosyncratic shock during the year. The third essay examines the link between the human capital of Senegalese migrants and their integration into the destination labor market. The results suggest that the probability of being in skilled employment given the level of education is lower in migration compared to Senegal. Although a priori distinct, the three essays have in common an approach that mobilizes household surveys and various microeconometric techniques to deal with the complexity of migration in order to improve the understanding of the consequences of migration on the economies of origines
Lapoire, Mireille. "Travail temporaire, marché durable : le travail intérimaire en France." Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007DENS0024.
Full textThere was a fairly steady increase in temporary agency work (TAW) in France between 1972 and 2004, whereas that work was strictly regulated by rules that remained unchanged. This doctoral thesis aims at accounting for this a priori paradoxical increase. The research is based upon multilevel, strategic and systemic studies. The behaviours of individuals who are involved in the TAW system and in a similar social network were observed : temporary workers, user firms, temporary work agencies, and agents of public services who belong to 8 segments of the labour market connected to 4 sectors - logistics, transportation, architecture and call centres. The contexts of their action, employment, economic and judicial situations were examined within several conceptual frameworks : sociologies of work, employment, market and law, economic and financial analyses. Thus, the legal constraints, the high cost of TAW for workers, users and agencies and the unpredictability of their behaviours, which at first sight seemed to interfère with the development of TAW, were thoroughly analysed ; they can accotait for the way the transactions between these individuals, developed and lasted. These elements turn out to be the very conditions for this collective gaine. More legally bound and controlled than the others, the agencies know how to control their constraints and those of theirs "partners". They also manage to turn them into resources, to make temporary workers and users dependent, even though the latter seem to be a priori free. They finally manage to share out the costs of those transactions. They transfer part of the costs to the 3 main parties of the TAW system and the rest to other parties
Prina, Sophie. "Le marché du travail Rhône-Alpes/Piémont, un marché concret." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO20043.
Full textGlobalization and Europeanization are involving a more local management for the cross-border labour market. In this framework, the Interreg project between Rhone Alpes and Piemont called “working without borders” is a real interregional laboratory for the european labour market construction. The public employment services cooperation and their actors steming from a centralized model in France and from a decentralized one in Italy are participating in the social construction of the Rhone-Alpes - Piemont labour market. This is through the labour market modeling and sociografy that are pointed up the peculiar processes of the different institutions and of their protagonists. The Rhone Alpes-Piemont labour market is very specific one, due to the dynamic heritage which created it, the current structures bearing it and the expansion prospects that its cross border position enables. The specificity of the border space created in the framework of this type of cooperations is fed by the complexity of institutional meshings and the lack of synchronization of public utilities on the european field. The model provided by the analysis relies on a quadruple assumption: this is a market of professions, a market of public utilities, a transborder market and a transitional market. Consequently, this model is specific and can be transposable to any other system
Jean, Sébastien. "Commerce international et marché du travail." Paris 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA010041.
Full textMazerolle, Fabrice. "Echange international et marché du travail." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987IEPP0012.
Full textSales, Marine. "Frictions financières et marché du travail." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLN041/document.
Full textUnemployment rates in developed economies are now significantly different. Labor market institutions are also diverse and multifaceted. These institutions could be considered as allowing to increase or to reduce the levels of unemployment. However empirically, there is no direct and unambiguous link between unemployment rates and institutions in the labor market. By considering more precisely the way in which firms decide on their payroll, we realize that we omit, by making this simple correlation link, an essential variable that determines the hiring and firing behavior of firms, namely the funding variable. The external financing capacity of firms may determine the labor demand, conditional on the institutions in the labor market. Thus, the problem is not whether institutions in the labor market condition its relative performance but rather whether the couple of institutions in labor and credit markets determines this performance. A firm is certainly constrained by a greater or lesser flexibility in the labor market, but its computations are part of a broader perspective, which is whether or not it has access to the funding it needs. The importance of financial frictions in the credit market determines the level of the external financing constraint for firms. This could then have an impact on their hiring plans and job levels in economies depending on the prevailing labor market institutions. Financial frictions should therefore influence the main labor market macroeconomic variables, namely unemployment, wage level and the number of vacancies, conditional on existing labor market institutions
Gouider, Abdessalem. "La discrimination par genre sur le marché du travail : fondements théoriques et application au marché du travail tunisien." Paris 13, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA131021.
Full textLleres, Bernard. "La pêche piroguière maritime au Sénégal : son évolution, son introduction dans l'économie de marché." Bordeaux 3, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986BOR30044.
Full textIn a poor country, where agriculture is in serious trouble, fishing comes as a much needed source of protein and income. Senegalese fishing has two parts : an industrial sector linked to foreign capital and an artisanal sector deeply rooted in tradition. In the artisanal sector, fishing by canoe is gradually moving into the free market where it is adjusting remarkably. Senegalese waters, renewed by deep mineral-salt-rich currents that rise to the surface (upwelling phenomenon), have been fished since the neolithic age. Up until the turn of 20th century, fishing using rudimentary techniques adequately met the limited food needs of the few seaside communities and provided a means of exchange with the interior. Since then, increased domestic demand (due to population growth and mass movement to urban areas), then foreign demand have stimulated the development of canoe fishing. Outboard motors, new and more efficient techniques and machinery have sparked a boom in artisanal fishing. However, these new techniques have brought about noticeable changes in the social organization of fishermen. Everywhere, traditional community structures and practices are disappearing, yet "modern" collective organizations are note successfully replacing them. Rather individualism and the search for quick profit dominate. And if concern with maintaining a natural ecological balance is declaimed in official speeches, this equilibrium is not to be found in everyday life. With more and more intensive fishing, the depleted fish stock augurs a rather gloomy future
Mirza, Daniel. "Commerce international, structures de marché et impact sur le marché du travail." Paris 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA010052.
Full textPochet, Buttin Christine. "Le fonctionnement réel du marché du travail." Paris 9, 1986. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1986PA090012.
Full textHow does the labor market actually works ? The labor market is nowadays characterized by a high rigidity of wages, which decrease very little even when the supply of labor is high. Thus, this renewed study of the labor market will mainly rely on the analysis of quantity adjustments. First, the concept of labor market is abandonned and the concept of qualification market is ontroduced. Labor is no longer considered as a homogeneous factor, as in the classical theory. This work will demonstrate that qualified labor is exchanged on the labor market i. E labor which is characterized by skills required for a job or mastered by an applicant. This market place will be called the qualification market. Then, this work will analyse how the qualification market actually works. A short-term attitude of business firms will be to take advantage of the flexibility of every employee's qualification (by in-house training) to fit the requirements of production. This phenomenom is particularly obvious at the level of local labor markets. In the long run, technical innovations and the differential development of
Doucoure, Bakary. "Travailleurs "informels" et travailleurs "protégés" à l'épreuve des précarités professionnelles : précarité "informelle", précarité "formelle" et précarité au Sénégal : contribution à l'étude socio-anthropologique des précaires sénégalais." Paris 5, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA05H023.
Full textWith the successful of the notion informal [unofficial] in the socio-economic analysis of developing countries since the beginning of the 1970's, the notion of informal sector is used to refer to a very heterogeneous group of economic players and micro-businesses (one person or family business) generally set aside of labour laws, who are not registered by the administrative services and hardly benefit from any form of social welfare, judicial or administrative protection on the professional level. Moreover, the informel [unofficial] sector is defined as opposed to the "formal" [official] sector. Also victims of economic insecurity, one might say that informal [unofficial] players are to a large extent victims of the lack of job security. However, in a national socio-economic context characterized by few welfare transfers, almost endemic unemployment and underemployment, a buying power still considered unsuited for the cost of living, etc. , it is difficult to imagine that workers of the modern sector (generally more protected than the those in the informal sector) are safe from a lack of job security. This is at the origine of the idea of there being several kinds of job insecurities in Sengal, among others "formal" and "informal". What singles out our approach of the lack of job security is that it seeks to superpose the objective dimensions of the issue (professional instability, professional dissatisfaction, etc. ) to the sunjective dimensions (perception, feeling of precariousness)
Pineau, Marie-Christine. "Le marché de la kola et du "petit" kola au Sénégal." Bordeaux 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993BOR2P018.
Full textRothé, Thomas. "Chronique familiale dans un quartier populaire de Dakar : ajustements individuels et collectifs à la précarité." Amiens, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007AMIE0016.
Full textAeberhardt, Romain. "Mesurer la discrimination sur le marché du travail." Phd thesis, Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales (EHESS), 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01022111.
Full textFontaine, Idriss. "Essais sur les dynamiques du marché du travail." Thesis, La Réunion, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LARE0056/document.
Full textThis thesis aims at understanding labor market dynamics. In order to shed light on the mechanisms at the origin of labor market stocks, e.g. the unemployment rate, this thesis studies flows of workers. Indeed, changes in stocks hide a perpetual movement of worker flows between labor market states. When some individuals are finding a job, some others are losing their, while others are withdrawing from participation. To take into account all these alternatives, this thesis proposes applied studies, based on survey data, but also theoretical analyses, based on modern macroeconomic models. The four essays of this thesis suggest that non-participation and return to job are dominant in explaining French unemployment variations. It is also shown that, in terms of worker flows, paths are multiples and depend on individual own characteristics: “unskilled” workers accumulate difficulties on the labor market; women have lower chances of participating when their family size increases. At a macroeconomic level, this thesis shows that worker flows responses to aggregate shocks differ according to their origin. Moreover, the economic environment has a direct impact on worker flows. Times of uncertainty, characterized by a high level of unpredictability, change the behavior of economic agents. As search activities have a lower probability to be successful, fewer individuals move from non-participation to participation
Larquier, Guillemette de. "Dynamique du marché du travail et processus d'appariement." Paris 10, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA100020.
Full textThe aim of the labour market is the formation of employment relations between workers and employers, thus its dynamics have to be studied in terms of matching process. The thesis contains three parts. The first one begins the analysis within the scope of the matching co-operative games (the information on the quality of employment relations is perfect). This approach makes it possible to formalize the matching procedure as an algorithm and to diagnose different factors of instability which are inherent in the structure of the game. The second part is devoted to the investigation of a particular factor of instability : the one generated by risk and incertitude affecting the quality of employment relations. In a non-co-operative perspective, after the exposition of jovanovic's model of job matching (1979) in which worker and employer jointly experiment the productivity of their match, other models of match experimantation are submitted. Some are based on bayesian principles (the environment of agents is a world of probability), some are based on the use of conventions (agents have to co-ordinate each others without probability). The third part finishes the analysis by integrating the previous models of match experimentation in a macroeconomic context and in a dynamic way, with the aim of reproducing the shiftings of the beveridge curve. Finally, the thesis emphasizes the stress on the plurality of matching processes in action on the market
Campens, Étienne. "Améliorer le marché du travail des peu qualifiés." Paris 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA010057.
Full textAit, Soudane Jalila. "Secteur informel et marché du travail au Maroc." Montpellier 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005MON10031.
Full textHaywood, Luke Timothy. "Qualité de l'emploi dans le marché du travail." Paris 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA010035.
Full textGaumont, Damien. "Marché interne du travail, effort et information asymétrique." Paris 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA020135.
Full textHow it is possible to induce to effort heterogeneous workers with a unic labour contract ? answering to this question, this thesis presents a first step in the integration of a flow theory of the firm within an optimal incentives framework. In all chapters, we provide some evidences that at equilibrium, the firm finds too costly to raise the wage high enough to elicit effort from all their employees. These results are take the counterpart of the efficiency wage theory. The modelisation use game theory tools, which is particulary relevant to describe the internal labor market when information is asymmetric. After a survey of literature in the first chapter, we presents some some new theoretical results and test them empirically on panel data. First part is devoted to "post and incentive". The theoretical model, (chap. 2), shows that it may subsist shirkers at equilibrium. Wage and dismissals are negatively correlated. Chapter 3 tests this last proposition on panel data. The second part studies job and incentive, and shows (chap. 4) that it exists moral hazard and adverse selection in training. But the firm cannot always resolve this problem. The fird part is consacrated to "office and incentive". Chap. 5 describe how difficult it is for the firm to induce wealthy top executives officers, because it they are supposed to be able to manage correctly the firm, then they can also correctly manage their own portfolio. The very high wage
Coquet, Bruno. "L'assurance-chômage et le marché du travail contemporain." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX24007.
Full textUnemployment Insurance (UI) is a key labour market policy.A comprehensive survey of UI literature assesses what we know about UI optimality and its relevance regarding present labour market conditions. Despite of being its founding rationale, jobseekers’ consumption smoothing is rarely assessed, as well as other UI gains. In contrast research has long focused on UI adverse effects, namely recipients’ moral hazard, and on benefits optimization to control it. Recent literature better integrates firm and economic dynamics, thus being richer regarding the way UI benefits and financing rules could be more optimal.Do UI regimes build on this knowledge? An historical approach of French UI rules, and up to date descriptions of 5 other UI regimes, show an extreme diversity of UI arrangements, raising doubts about their optimality. Comprehensive analysis of social transfers to unemployed should be preferred to analysis restricted to UI benefits, because less misleading about unemployed real situation and behaviour.An in depth analysis of French UI rules illustrates that numerous reforms didn’t solve structural problems. The regime suffered increasing spending due to labour market changes, but it also stimulated adverse expensive behaviours among specific groups and short term contracts, both leading to heavier taxes and reduced efficiency for the bulk of workers and firms. In France as elsewhere, UI systems’ funding is a forsaken part of reforms. Yet regarding justice, incentives, financial stability, etc. reviewing rules governing resources could be more rewarding than implementing usual UI benefits reforms
Jones, Emilia. "Discriminations, lieu de résidence et marché du travail." Thesis, Paris Est, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PEST0053/document.
Full textIn most of the developed societies, in France too, we are now witnessing an increase of the social and economic disparities between regions, an occurrence and persistence of neighborhoods "in difficulty", concentrating the most vulnerable populations. "Spatial segregation" appears as a norm of urban organization and territory as an issue of social cohesion. Many economic and sociological studies have sought to explain the differentials observed between these populations, particularly in the labor market. Three main mechanisms explain the impact of the place of residence on the individuals' labor market achievement: the spatial mismatch, the social environment and the discrimination based on place of residence. In this doctoral dissertation we focus on this last mechanism through which the place of residence affects the individuals' labor market achievement. Across three studies covering three chapters, we highlight three important elements in the analysis of discrimination related to place of residence: the feeling of discrimination, wage discrimination and employment discrimination. These are illustrated by different methods: an analysis of subjective survey data, an analysis of objective survey data and, finally, an analysis of experimental data. The main results are as follows. We have shown that there are specific effects of place of residence on the feeling of discrimination among young people. We have shown that the place of residence has a direct influence on the probability of finding a job after the school as well as on the salary associated with the job. Using a decomposition of wage differentials we have shown that there is a potential discrimination related to the place of residence that affects especially young women. We found a major impact of the residential county on the individuals’ chances of access to hiring. The same effect also exists, more weakly, at the level of the neighborhood reputation. An analysis of the order of answers to job candidates confirmed these results and revealed an even stronger discrimination. On the basis of these results, we propose policy recommendations related to different aspects of discrimination based on place of residence
Diouf, Papa Ndiaye. ""Péripherie économique" et insertion socio-professionnelle des scolarisés : le cas de l'enseignement moyen général (EMG) dans la ville de Kaolack (Sénégal) de 1981 à 1984." Lyon 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990LYO20009.
Full textKonaté, Abdourahmane, and Abdourahmane Konaté. "Du rôle de l’État au Sénégal et du type de démocratie dans un contexte d'ajustement structurel : 1980-2000." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25344.
Full textContrairement à une idée bien répandue en Afrique et dans le monde, le Sénégal n’est pas une démocratie, mais plutôt une démocratie institutionnelle; une forme de gestion de l’État qui s’est révélée avec la mise en place du Programme des Ajustements Structurels. Dans ce type de démocratie où le chef de l’État est aussi chef d’un parti politique, le pouvoir législatif ne joue pas son rôle. En effet, la dynamique du parti-État fait du parlement un lieu de subordination au pouvoir exécutif (dominé par le président) plutôt qu’un contre-pouvoir. À ce manque de contrôle du parlement, il faudrait ajouter l’existence d’organes de contrôle dépourvus de pouvoir de décision, et dont les recommandations sont laissées à la libre appréciation du président de la République. L’un des traits les plus marquants dans ce type de démocratie réside d’ailleurs dans les pouvoirs exorbitants voire hors norme du chef de l’exécutif. En effet, la puissance et l’étendue de son pouvoir de nomination en fait un personnage central qui est ressenti autant dans la sphère législative que dans la sphère judiciaire. C’est ce qui fait que le principe de l’équilibre et de la séparation des pouvoirs est dans la pratique inopérant, à la limite nul et sans effet. Adossée à l’État de droit, la démocratie institutionnelle est aussi caractérisée par une série de révisions et de modifications de la Constitution. Par ce procédé légal, la Constitution devient un instrument pour réaliser les ambitions du chef de l’État. Autrement dit, la légalité, pivot de l’État de droit, devient un outil de gestion de la société et de légitimation des politiques au détriment de la légitimité des populations. Dans ce type de démocratie, la liberté de presse est loin d’être une réalité. En effet, alors que celle publique est sous la tutelle du ministère de l’information, la liberté de la presse privée, soumise elle aussi à la tutelle, est encore atténuée par la menace, l’intimidation et les représailles que peuvent subir ses agents de la part des responsables politiques gouvernementaux. On trouve enfin dans une démocratie institutionnelle une prolifération d’institutions dignes des grandes démocraties, mais sans grande efficacité.
Contrary to a quite widespread idea in Africa and in the world, Senegal is not a democracy, but rather an institutional democracy, a form of management of the State which appeared with the installation of the Program of the Structural adjustments. In this kind of democracy where the Head of the State is also chief of a political party, the legislative power does not play its part. Indeed, the dynamics of the party-State rather makes Parliament a place of subordination to the executive power (dominated by the president) than a countervailing power. For this lack of control of the Parliament, it would be necessary to add the existence of control committees deprived of power of decision, and whose recommendations are left with the free appreciation of the president of the Republic. One of the most outstanding features in this kind of democracy resides besides in the exorbitant powers even except standard of the chief of the executive. Indeed, power and extent of its power to appoint in fact a central figure who is felt as much in the legislative sphere as in the legal one. It is what that the principle of balance and separation of powers is in practice inoperative, in a way null and without effect. Leaned with the Rule of law, the institutional democracy is also characterized by a series of revisions and of modifications of the Constitution. By this legal process, the Constitution becomes an instrument to carry out the ambitions of the Head of the State. In other words, legality, pivot of the Rule of law, becomes management tools of the company and legitimation of the policies to the detriment of the legitimacy of the populations. In this kind of democracy, freedom of press is far from being a reality. Indeed, whereas that public is under the supervision of the ministry for information, the private freedom of the press, also subjected to the supervision, is still attenuated by the threat, the intimidation and the reprisals which its agents on behalf of the governmental political officials can undergo. What one finally finds in an institutional democracy, is a proliferation of institutions worthy of the great democracies, but without much effectiveness.
Contrary to a quite widespread idea in Africa and in the world, Senegal is not a democracy, but rather an institutional democracy, a form of management of the State which appeared with the installation of the Program of the Structural adjustments. In this kind of democracy where the Head of the State is also chief of a political party, the legislative power does not play its part. Indeed, the dynamics of the party-State rather makes Parliament a place of subordination to the executive power (dominated by the president) than a countervailing power. For this lack of control of the Parliament, it would be necessary to add the existence of control committees deprived of power of decision, and whose recommendations are left with the free appreciation of the president of the Republic. One of the most outstanding features in this kind of democracy resides besides in the exorbitant powers even except standard of the chief of the executive. Indeed, power and extent of its power to appoint in fact a central figure who is felt as much in the legislative sphere as in the legal one. It is what that the principle of balance and separation of powers is in practice inoperative, in a way null and without effect. Leaned with the Rule of law, the institutional democracy is also characterized by a series of revisions and of modifications of the Constitution. By this legal process, the Constitution becomes an instrument to carry out the ambitions of the Head of the State. In other words, legality, pivot of the Rule of law, becomes management tools of the company and legitimation of the policies to the detriment of the legitimacy of the populations. In this kind of democracy, freedom of press is far from being a reality. Indeed, whereas that public is under the supervision of the ministry for information, the private freedom of the press, also subjected to the supervision, is still attenuated by the threat, the intimidation and the reprisals which its agents on behalf of the governmental political officials can undergo. What one finally finds in an institutional democracy, is a proliferation of institutions worthy of the great democracies, but without much effectiveness.
Le, Barbanchon Thomas. "Evaluation de politiques publiques sur le marché du travail." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2012. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00720999.
Full textChartrand-Beauregard, Julie. "La demande de travail et les rigidités du marché." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/mq33596.pdf.
Full textBrocard, Jean-François. "L' intermédiation du marché du travail des sportifs professionnels." Limoges, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LIMO1010.
Full textThe dissertation consists of three self -contained papers presented in three chapters. In chapters 1, we perform a critical review of the internediation of the labor market of professional athletes. We first provide theorical justifications for the emergence of intermediaries in markets and specify the role they are assigned in the literature. From the case study of sportts agents activity, we show that the observed abuses indicate the inefficiency of the current regulatory frame work. We propose a reform of the sports agents' status sustained by a improvement of the regulation of the market in which they operate. In the chapter 2, we study the effects of completing the legal frale work of matchmakers with a rule designating which party must the commission. We examine the two rules currently open to debate at the international level in sport : the "player-pays" principle and the "club-pays" principle. We find that the most appropriate measure entails designating the party with the lesser bargainning power to pay the intermediary's fee. However, our main result indicates that the appropriateness of imposing an additional rule in the legal frame work is a preliminary issue. Chapter 3 proposes a test for the power of sports agents to distort the talent allocation in French professional basketball leagues over the period 2002-2011, using an original database. Sports agents can be said to have market power if clubs dealing with an abve-average proportion of top agent systematically outperform clubs with a below-average proportion of which is found to be a very good indacator of clubs'performance in professional basketball leagus in France over the relevant time period. Statistically significant evidence of sports agents'market power in this sense is found. The regulation needs to adapt in order to enhance the transpareny of relationship between clubs and sports agents and clarify sports agents' missions, which would give greater responsability to players in their agent' s selection
Kamionka, Thierry. "Analyse microéconométrique des transitions sur le marché du travail." Toulouse 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992TOU10038.
Full textIn this work we present estimates of reduced form transition models and of a dynamic random utility model. These models provide a unified framework allowing studying relationships existing between stocks, flows and mean sojourn durations in labour market states. To analyse the development of unstable job patterns, we consider the French labour force surveys panel collected by the French national institute for statistics and economic studies (INSEE) for the period 1986-1988. Particular attention is paid to the problem of the estimation of continuous-time Markov models using discrete-time panel data. We also study the existence of individuals confined out of stable jobs and alternating between unstable jobs, unemployment and nonparticipation, using a mixture of time-homogeneous Markov processes
Decreuse, Bruno. "Exclusion du marché du travail dans les modèles d'appariement." Aix-Marseille 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000AIX24003.
Full textLages, dos Santos Pedro. "Impôt négatif, appariement et performances du marché du travail." Le Havre, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003LEHA0023.
Full textThe objective of this thesis is to propose a contribution to the reflexion on the reform of the socio-tax system and, more particularly, to the analysis of the effects of measures such as "Basic Income" and "Negative Income Tax" on unemployment, labour market efficiency and agents well-being. To this purpose, we retain a formalization à la Marimon and Zilibotti (1999) where the differentiation of workers and jobs are made explicit (not like standard matching models). Within this framework, it appears that Earned Income Credit systems can present interesting effects in terms of employment, reduction of inequalities and poverty. However, the efficiency of these systems can depend considerably, on the one hand, on labour market conditions (like, for example, the effectiveness or not of a minimum wage) and, on the other hand, on the variables concerned. Indeed, the fall on participation to the labour market as well as the reduction of job productivity belong to the negative effects that can generate such systems
Plassard, Jean-Michel. "Information imparfaite et discrimination sur le marché du travail." Toulouse 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986TOU10069.
Full textThe aim of this study is to develop a reflexion on the labour market. The approach is theoretical concerning guidance, the considered problematics is market off from a traditional scheme of the discrimination which aimed at previleging an exogenous interpretation of the phenomenon. The statistical discrimination depends on the theory of information. It is based upon a rational behaviour of the employers who are in a state of doubt regarding the economic features of the potential workers. The appeal to variables which are easily observable as sex, race and diplomas may reduce this doubt in a cheap manner. The analysis of discrimination is made by studying the consequences of the employers' behaviours under much diversified theories
Selwaness, Irène Nabil Wahib. "Trois essais empiriques sur le marché du travail égyptien." Paris 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA010048.
Full textChoulet, Céline. "Créations d'emplois publics et performances du marché du travail." Paris 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA010056.
Full textKoné, Koko Siaka. "Pauvreté, marché du travail et genre en Côte d'Ivoire." Bordeaux 4, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002BOR40004.
Full textGoudet, Olivier. "La modélisation multi-agent du marché du travail français." Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066631/document.
Full textThis thesis presents an agent-based model of the labor market. The model simulates the market at the aggregate level and at the level of the principal manpower categories, on the basis of the decisions of heterogenous agents, firms and individuals, who interact. These decisions rely on computations of profits and utilities in a context of bounded rationality. The theoretical structure that underlies the decisions is the search concept. We apply this framework to the case of France in 2011. The model is at a scale of 1/4700. It is fairly detailed on the institutions of the labor market which constrain the agents’ decisions. Subsequently, it is calibrated by a powerful algorithm to reproduce a large number of variables of interest. The calibrated model presents a coherent accounting system of the gross flows of the individuals between the main states, employment, distinguishing open ended contracts and fixed duration contracts, unemployment and inactivity. The simulation of the gross flows enables us to analyse the patterns of mobility and to characterize the nature of the labor market under study, reproducing the high proportion of the fixed duration contracts in the hiring flows, and it points to a dualism of the French labor market. Modeling crowding out of some categories of workers (for instance the youths) by others is then a main contribution of the model to the labor market analysis. Finally, we study economic policies according to various indicators. We show that it is difficult to find a public policy which provides good results for all criteria and which is beneficial both for firms and individuals. It is all a question of compromise and political choice
Gomis, Souleymane. "Logiques familiales et logiques scolaires : le travail scolaire des enfants à Dakar au Sénégal." Université Marc Bloch (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001STR20047.
Full textThe aim of this study is to analyse the relationship between school and family in a developing country such as Senegal. Does it follow a pattern of social reproduction or are there other patterns at work. We have explored three avenues. In the first place we have looked into the way parents perceive the school system today. How has school developed and to what extent can it contribute towards bringing students up into the mainstream ? Then we have examined the relationship between parents and teachers, with emphasis both on the parents and the teachers views. The part of the study also considers the actual practices and the nature of the relationships (collaboration, conflicts, indifference,. . . ) between the two sides. Thir dly, we describe the attention parents pay to their children's homework and we assess the impact of school on the house hold rhythm of life. .
Lecarme, Mireille. "Marchandes à Dakar, négoce, négociation sociale et rapports sociaux de sexe en milieu urban précaire." Paris, EHESS, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993EHES0030.
Full textA multidisciplinary approach allows one to demonstrate the many pressures bearing down on a group of women fishmongers. Urban precariousness, trade rules and social reproduction are all linked. The illegality of housing produces social tensions and fuels political pratonage. With the backdrop of economic crisis, trade could not start nor perputuate without the benefit of a social network. But the profits are absorbed by the (uncertain) continuation of the business and by social obligations : it makes the accumulation of capital difficult. Trapped between the necessity to procreate and to support their family, these women resort to using young girls and even girls (their own daughters, relatives) for their housework and trade. As in their mothers'days, they are inculcated with the values of hard working and submission. The marketplace is a space wherein economic and social sphere interlock : the verbal interactions express the connections between the act of pruchasing and the scaffolding structures of social life. Competition between the women fishmongers is tempered by the respect of social and religious guidelines. The role these women play in the survival of families and their bargaining experience have hardly transformed the social bonds between men and women, which are grounded upon an already set up system of male preeminence. However some of them succed in modifying them
Lecoutre, Marc. "Capital social, école et entreprises sur le marché du travail." Phd thesis, Université René Descartes - Paris V, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00719714.
Full textBonnard, Claire. "Le marché du travail des scientifiques : capital humain, incitations, proximité." Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00655967.
Full textPoncon-Beffy, Magalie. "Mobilités et dynamiques salariales sur le marché du travail français." Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00407679.
Full textLe deuxième chapitre étend le modèle du premier chapitre en incorporant des effets entreprises inobservés et cette extension permet de confirmer les résultats précédemment obtenus. Le troisième chapitre s'intéresse à la différence de structures des salaires entre le secteur public et le secteur privé. Sont modélisés de façon jointe, la participation, le choix de secteur, et les salaires des différents secteurs. Est aussi prise en compte une hétérogénéité individuelle. Par cette méthode, les différences de salaires entre les deux secteurs sont décomposées en la constante (plus élevée dans le public que dans le privé), les rendements des variables explicatives observées (les diplômes sont par exemple mieux rémunérés dans le privé) et enfin une habilité inobservée qui mesure la spécificité du travail humain des personnes employées dans le secteur public. Le dernier chapitre enfin s'intéresse à la place du contrat de travail en France. Certaines personnes sont-elles confinées dans des trajectoires précaires ? 5% des personnes âgées de 30 à 49 ans seraient confinées contrairement aux 13% observés sans tenir compte de la censure des observations
Aboulkacem, El Mehdi. "Infrastructures de transport urbain et frictions du marché du travail." Thesis, Lille 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIL12021/document.
Full textWe explore in this thesis some aspects of the role played by the urban transport infrastructures in reducing the labor market frictions caused by the spatial separation between the places of residence and the job opportunities locations. To do so, this thesis is written in three chapters.In the first, we build a series of spatial matching functions linking jobless workers to vacant positions. These functions depend on the transport infrastructures parameters and are not conditional on the structure of the city in which the matching process occurs. In the second chapter we present an innovative public policy evaluation instrument used for measuring the impact of the Paris region transport infrastructures performances on the local unemployment rates and for predicting the impact of the Grand Paris Express on these rates. This instrument can be used in other contexts and for other regions. Last but not least, the third chapter analyses the determinants of the home-workplace distance of two-worker households' workers living in Paris region. The objective is to provide some clues to understand the transportation demand generated by the constant growth of the part of this kind of households and to anticipate it while designing the future planning policies