Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Marche – Modèles mathématiques'
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Doubliez, Paul-François. "Marche de robots bipèdes anthropomorphes : simulation et validation expérimentale." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011VERS0016.
Full textDespite the large number of existing humanoid robots, three main scientific issues remain: the decision-making autonomy, the autonomy in energy and the agile dynamic walking. This thesis focuses on this last issue. Firstly, a three-dimensional static walking generated by analytical geometrical inverse kinematics using active toes has been generated. Secondly, in order to generate a three-dimensional dynamic walking, the motions were studied separately in the frontal plane and in the sagittal one, with numerical models of robots with point-contacts feet. In the frontal plane, stable oscillations were generated by adapting energetically the foot placement and the push force. In the sagittal plane, a high level energy control of the propulsion force with the rear leg was successively tested and validated thanks to different numerical bipeds: with a robot with two rotational hip joints and two translational knee joints, and then with a robot with two rotational knee joints. Thirdly, in order to generalize the studied principles, a robot with ten bodies and nine rotational joints including active toes and discretized-contact feet allowed the dynamic crossing of an obstacle up to twenty centimetres high. Then, our geometrical techniques of walk pattern generation and our energy control of the propulsion have been implemented in the case of a three-dimensional dynamic walking. Finally, walking experimentations were realized with the ROBIAN biped robot prototype, and allowed to identify the transition between static and dynamic walking
Caux, Stéphane. "Modélisation et commande de la marche des robots bipèdes." Montpellier 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997MON20123.
Full textReversat, Laure Brulant. "Etude et réalisation d'un système de pesage en marche de véhicules routiers." Montpellier 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997MON20175.
Full textLoudcher, Rabaseda Sabine. "Contributions à l'extraction automatique de connaissances : application à l'analyse clinique de la marche." Lyon 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996LYO10309.
Full textBois, Stéphane. "Intégration de la gestion des modes de marche dans le pilotage d'un système automatisé de production." Lille 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991LIL10113.
Full textDans un second temps, nous avons montré que l'intégration des tables de contraintes aboutit à une décomposition structurelle et fonctionnelle: elle est obtenue sous la forme d'un schéma arborescent de recherche déductive des modes de marche des différentes machines du procédé. Ce modèle est facilement exploitable peut être utilisé par la suite, en vue du pilotage temps réel de l'unité de production par un raisonnement sur la logique de dépendance ou d'enchaînement de ses modes de marche. L'exploitation de la modélisation nous a amené à étudier le pilotage d'une unité de production flexible. Nous en avons décrit les différentes fonctionnalités et les solutions adoptées pour résoudre tous les problèmes de fonctionnement, qui se répercutent à tous les niveaux de commande. La mise en œuvre d'un logiciel de pilotage, chargé de la gestion automatique des modes de marche, a permis de valider complètement la démarche, avec l'utilisation de techniques d'intelligence artificielle
Quirion, Sébastien. "Animation basée sur la physique : extrapolation de mouvements humains plausibles et réalistes par optimisation incrémentale." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27675/27675.pdf.
Full textDoriot, Nathalie. "Modélisation dynamique du membre inférieur pour l'estimation des forces articulaires et musculaires mises en jeu pendant la phase d'appui de la marche." Lyon 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001LYO10259.
Full textLadret, Véronique. "Théorèmes limites fonctionnels pour des U-statistiques échantillonnéees par une marche aléatoire : étude de modèles stochastiques de repliement des protéines." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00008740.
Full textSimon, Damien. "Survie et généalogies dans quelques modèles de dynamique des populations." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00286612.
Full textLa première partie étudie l'évolution de marches aléatoires avec branchements unidimensionnelles en présence d'un seuil de survie qui croît linéairement au cours du temps. En reliant les propriétés de ces marches aléatoires à une équation de propagation de fronts, nous étudions la transition vers l'extinction de ces marches lorsque la vitesse du seuil croît et obtenons les comportements critiques de la probabilité de survie. Nous construisons également un processus biaisé décrivant une population de telles marches conditionnée sur sa taille à un instant final. Cette construction permet d'étudier le régime quasi-stationnaire près de la vitesse critique. Enfin, nous présentons un modèle exactement soluble sur lequel plusieurs conjectures peuvent être vérifiées.
Dans une seconde partie, nous étudions des populations de taille constante du point de vue des généalogies et des temps de coalescence. Nous expliquons dans quelle mesure certains modèles d'évolution avec sélection se rapprochent des modèles de polymères dirigés et montrons plusieurs résultats numériques qui mettent en évidence l'existence de classes d'universalité dans les généalogies. En absence de sélection, nous étudions la dynamique des temps de coalescence et de l'âge de l'ancêtre commun d'une population, ainsi que les corrélations de ce dernier avec la diversité génétique dans un cas simple.
Kao, Pai-Ling. "Étude numérique des instabilités convectives et des structures cohérentes dans des couches de mélange libres ou décollées." Toulouse, INPT, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998INPT012H.
Full textAimé, Noël. "Aide à la conduite sûre des réacteurs chimiques discontinus en marche normale ou incidentielle vis-à-vis du danger d'emballement thermique." Compiègne, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991COMPD422.
Full textSallet, Patrice. "Etude comparative du coût de la prévention et du coût de la guérison des complications induites par les anti-inflammatoires non stéroi͏̈diens." Bordeaux 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998BOR2P037.
Full textBervet, Kristell. "Ker-EGI : «Kerpape-Rennes- EMG-based-Gait-Index» : définition d’un index de quantification de la marche pathologique par électromyographie." Thesis, Rennes 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012REN20037/document.
Full textWalking is the natural way of locomotion for human. Nevertheless, despite numerous studies, it remains a complex movement. This is all the more real when a pathology disturbs it. Data collection made on patients is called Clinical Gait Analysis (CGA). This is dedicated, in particular, to patients with a central nervous system disorder. As data outcoming from the CGA could be very heavy, indices have been defined and validated. Among the most used are the Gillette Gait Index(GGI), the Gait Deviation Index (GDI) and the Edinburgh Visual Gait Score (EVGS). Their main limitations are that they have only been defined for children with cerebral palsy and they are based quite solely one kinematics. As the methods to compute these indices are not child-specific, we have first evaluated how they could also be used in adults. So, demonstrating the applicability of the GGI, the GDI and the EVGS, we have validated the principle of CGA in adults. Usually, the CGA’s protocol includes electromyographic measures (EMG), but rarely these data are really quantified. That is why, secondly, we have defined a new index of gait quantification based on EMG: the Ker-EGI. This index uses the philosophy and the mathematical model of the GDI. We have validated the Ker-EGI in adults correlating it with the GGI, the GDI and the EVGS. This new index more accessible in clinical routine allows to perform, for a lower cost, a better patient’s care in everyday life. Furthermore, if the Ker-EGI is associated with the EVGS, we have a more complete clinical picture with a neuro-motor and kinematic view of the patient
Fauth, Alexis. "Contributions à la modélisation des données financières à hautes fréquences." Thesis, Paris 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA010019.
Full textNo English summary available
Rachid, Ahmed. "Contribution à la modélisation et à la commande d'un haut-fourneau." Nancy 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986NAN10016.
Full textBizid, Abdelhamid. "Equilibre, imperfections de marché et évaluation de produits dérivés." Paris 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA010026.
Full textKervarec, Magali. "Etude des modèles non dominés en mathématiques financières." Phd thesis, Université d'Evry-Val d'Essonne, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00370713.
Full textLa première partie est consacrée à la présentation du cadre d'étude et de ses propriétés. La seconde partie traite de l'étude du problème de maximisation de l'utilité de la valeur terminale d'un portefeuille, en considérant ce cadre d'étude. La troisième et la quatrième partie sont dédiées à la définition et aux propriétés des mesures de risque dans notre cadre. Finalement, nous concluons ce travail en proposant un cadre d'étude dynamique pour introduire des mesures de risque dynamiques.
Pouget, Cécile. "Les fonctions économiques du marché des actions." Bordeaux 4, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002BOR40010.
Full textCarcillo, Stéphane. "Appariements sur le marché du travail et salaires : quelques interactions." Paris 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA010065.
Full textM'madi, Issimail Mohamed Mouneime. "Théorie mathématique du transport topologique dans des modèles unitaires sur réseaux." Thesis, Toulon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOUL0015.
Full textWe study certain discrete quantum dynamical systems which are described by unitary operators U acting on the space of square integrable functions defined on the vertices of a countably infinite graph. For initial conditions x the orbits of the system are defined by the iterations Unx for integer n. We consider classes of operators U which depend on parameters. We are interested in topological spectral properties meaning that they are characterized by integers which depend continuously on the parameters of the system. We answer questions which are based on recent observations and applications in physical and information sciences. We state and prove proper mathematical results which apply to some of these observations. In this the sis we present four results: in one spatial dimension and for a class of quantum walks we proved the existence of eigenvalues which are constant with respect to continuous and compact perturbations. In two dimensions we have obtained results on occurrence of stable absolutely continuous spectrum covering the whole unit circle for three different lattice models. We employed several mathematical tools: We used the theory of fibered operators to exhibit systematically the spectral properties of translation invariant operators U. For our operator topological considerations, we put to use the class of Fredholm operators and in particular the complete characterization of its connected components by the index. For the case of the constant eigenvalues we proved a non-trivial and explicit lower bound on their number using the index theorem for Toeplitz operators. We employed the theory of the relative index of a pair of orthogonal projections for our study of the full absolutely continuous spectrum. For each of the three cases we established its non-triviality for a pair involvingU, and then made use of recently proved results concerning the implications on the spectrum of U
Simenhaus, François. "Marches aléatoires en milieux aléatoires : étude de quelques modèles multidimensionnels." Paris 7, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA077148.
Full textThis dissertation is devoted to different models of random walks in random environments; it is made of 5 Chapters. Chapter 1 and 4 are surveys of literature devoted, respectively, to i. I. D model and models where environments is given by a percolation. In Chapter 2 we give a characterization of the class of walks admitting an asymptotic direction in the case of i. I. D. Model. In Chapter 3 we study a model of continuous time random walk in a random i. I. D. Environment. Chapter 5 is devoted to a model of walk delayed by the clusters of a site subcritical percolation
Belgrade, Nabyl. "Contribution à la finance mathématique : modélisation de l'inflation en finance de marché." Paris 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA010010.
Full textFriggit, Jacques. "Mécanique statistique des marchés : une approche darwinienne des comportements financiers : application à la dynamique des taux de change." Aix-Marseille 3, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995AIX32020.
Full textThe dissertation models market behavior in very liquid markets. It assumes that financial behaviors adapt to information not instantaneously but following a darwinian evolution process, then reformulates and solves the problem thus posed by using tools borrowed from statistical mechanics. Some properties of the resulting price process are then compared to actual price processes observed in the foreign exchange market on short time scales. A potential predictor of instabilities is derived. A complete translation of the dissertation into english is available
Arryman, Arif. "Dynamique et simulation des marches de matière plastique." Paris 9, 1995. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1995PA090018.
Full textThis thesis concerns with the problem of dynamic modelling of market behavior. Its purpose is to introduce system dynamic simulation models capable of representing the dynamic of the polystyrene market. System dynamics methodology is employed as it provides conceptual devices that facilitate the clarification and formalization of mental model of market agents or experts. It facilitates also the conceptualization and formulation of complex relationships consist of time delays, non-linearity embedded in many interconnected feedback loops existing in the real-world market system. An aggregate and a competitive market models are constructed to represent the dynamic of the polystyrene market. The causal relationships and feedback structures of the models include classical economics forces and concepts such as market clearing through adjustment of supply and demand. Qualitative factors and concepts such as viscosity socio-psychology (elasticity) as well as accelerators of pressures psycho-financial (anticipation, speculation) underlying market mechanism. The analysis and simulation of model’s behavior produce insight and facilitate understanding and comprehension of the relationship between the complex behavior of the plastics markets and its underlying structure
Kreit, Zakwan. "Contribution à l'étude des méthodes quantitatives d'aide à la décision appliquées aux indices du marché d'actions." Bordeaux 4, 2007. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00413979.
Full textThis thesis is divided into two parts : first, it concerns the study of different quantitative methods used for decision making support in all situations. Second, study and analysis of the stock market index in Egypt. Indeed, The Egyptian stock market is considered to be inefficient with respect to the international stock market. According to this, we expect that it is very difficult to use the traditional forecasting methods to predict the trend of the stock market index. In order to predict the Cairo & Alexandria Stock Exchanges (CASE), the Box-Jenkins Auto Regressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) methods were applied to predict the stock market index of (CASE) in Egypt. For this purpose, we have used the stock market index samples for the CASE collected from 1992-2005 (3311 daily time series observation). The traditional forecasting method ARIMA was found to be not able to predict the CASE stock market index. However, the ANN prediction method was found to be able to follow the real trend of the index. This was confirmed by the Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) and Mean Square Error (MSE). Hence, neural networks for weekly prediction of financial stock markets are efficient. Consequently, the individual investor could make the most of the use of this forecasting method for his decision especially in the stock market
Molay, Eric. "Modélisation empirique de la rentabilité : le modèle à trois facteurs, une alternative au modèle de marché ?" Aix-Marseille 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001AIX32064.
Full textThe more and more widely use of the Fama and French three-factor model (1993) in academic literature confirms researcher's interest in this empirical model. This research contributes to the empirical validation of pricing models on the French stock market and a better understanding of the French investors'behaviour. Besides, the debate concerning about the three-factor model is still open. By confirming its sound descriptive ability in assessing stocks returns on a market other than the American one, this study provides partial answer to the critical views on the reliability of empirical tests on a single sample. The cross-sectional study renews the view on the cross-sectional relation between the expected returns and various factors including coefficient beta. .
Isoré, Marlène. "Essays in macro-finance." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2012. http://spire.sciences-po.fr/hdl:/2441/eo6779thqgm5r489m363974qg.
Full textThis dissertation consists of three essays in financial macroeconomics. The methodological approach common to the first two articles is the application of the search and matching theory to financial markets. The third essay builds on the literature on rare events. In the first article, I develop a tractable two-country model in which financial contagion may arise despite a flexible exchange rate regime and substitutability between home and foreign financial assets, contrary to the open-economy standard results under these two conditions. While monetary contractions imply negative output co-movements, in line with the literature, non-walrasian shocks to banks’ funding costs do generate the contagion. The second essay analyzes the role of bankers’ behavior in bank default. The model accounts for heterogeneity in entrepreneurs’ productivity and information asymmetry at the expense of capital holders. Moral hazard arises following a productivity shock: bankers tend to choose investments that are more profitable in the short-run but whose risk is borne by the financiers. This mechanism magnifies credit rationing in the economy and contributes to bank default. The third article examines the macroeconomic impact of a change in the probability of rare events in a New Keynesian model. A rise in the probability of disaster is sufficient to generate a recession without effective occurrence of the disaster. After accounting for monopolistic competition and price stickiness, the responses of consumption and wages are also reminiscent of distressed times. The article thus provides a framework of the dynamic effects of rare events, particularly suitable for further policy analysis
Mercier, Sabine. "Statistiques des scores pour l'analyse et la comparaison de séquences biologiques." Rouen, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999ROUES089.
Full textBennouri, Moez. "Les mécanismes d'échanges dans les marchés financiers." Toulouse 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999TOU10038.
Full textMoreno, Flores Gregorio. "Modèles de polymères dirigés en milieu aléatoires." Paris 7, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA077043.
Full textWe study several models of directed polymers in random environments. For the classical model on Z^d, we study the convergence of the environments seen by the particle in the weak disorder region. We prove strong results for very high values of the temperature. We then give a complete treatment of the partition function of directed polymers on the diamond hierarchical lattice. Finally, we study the free energy of directed polymers in random environments on Z^d in very asymmetric boxes. We prove that, in a particular regime, it coincides with the free energy of a continuous time model in a Brownian environment. For d=l, the exact value of this free energy is known. We also study one- dimensional directed polymers with a huge drift. We give the exact value of the free energy and compute the order of fluctuations of the partition function
Mootamri, Imène. "Essais sur la modélisation de processus non linéaires à mémoire longue : quelques contributions." Aix-Marseille 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AIX24017.
Full textCertain crucial financial time series exhibit long memory behaviour in the sense of slowly decaying correlations combined with regime switching and heteroscedasticity feature. In modeling such behavior, we consider on one hand, the FISTAR model with exponential transition function in order to model US real effective exchange rate and additionally propose two methods to address the related parameter estimation problem. Out-of-sample forecasts were implemented in order to compare the predictive performances of our model with other linear models. On the other hand, we suggest a univariate and multivariate ARFIMA-GARCH model. In the first case, we consider an ARFIMA-STVGARCH model and we develop a specification and estimation strategy of the process. Moreover, in order to compare the asymptotic properties of the estimators, the Monte Carlo simulations are carried out. Finally, we apply this model to the inflation rate series of five countries. In the end, we consider an ARFIMA-GARCH model in multivariate framework (VARFIMA-MVGARCH) to model three American stock returns. We study four type of MGARCH model for estimation and forecasting
Nguyên, Vinh-Trang. "Homologie entre le courant électrique et le mouvement migratoire - modèle de répartition énergétique migratoire : comparaison du modèle de répartition énergétique migratoire avec les modèles gravitaires, notamment avec le modèle gravitaire sans contraintes de A. G. Wilson : thèse." Nice, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002NICE2015.
Full textNjoh, Samuel. "Valorisation et couverture en marché incomplet : applications aux options sur prix spot électricité." Marne-la-Vallée, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003MARN0164.
Full textBernis, Guillaume. "Théorie mathématique des marchés financiers : équilibres sur des marchés de réassurance incomplets." Paris 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA010052.
Full textAttaoui, Sami. "Modèles de "marché" de taux d'intéret : extensions et applications aux caps et swaptions." Paris 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA010058.
Full textChen, Da. "Nouveaux modèles de chemins minimaux pour l'extraction de structures tubulaires et la segmentation d'images." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PSLED037/document.
Full textIn the fields of medical imaging and computer vision, segmentation plays a crucial role with the goal of separating the interesting components from one image or a sequence of image frames. It bridges the gaps between the low-level image processing and high level clinical and computer vision applications. Among the existing segmentation methods, minimal geodesics have important theoretical and practical advantages such as the global minimum of the geodesic energy and the well-established fast marching method for numerical solution. In this thesis, we focus on the Eikonal partial differential equation based geodesic methods to investigate accurate, fast and robust tubular structure extraction and image segmentation methods, by developing various local geodesic metrics for types of clinical and segmentation tasks. This thesis aims to applying different geodesic metrics based on the Eikonal framework to solve different image segmentation problems especially for tubularity segmentation and region-based active contours models, by making use of more information from the image feature and prior clinical knowledges. The designed geodesic metrics basically take advantages of the geodesic orientation or anisotropy, the image feature consistency, the geodesic curvature and the geodesic asymmetry property to deal with various difficulties suffered by the classical minimal geodesic models and the active contours models. The main contributions of this thesis lie at the deep study of the various geodesic metrics and their applications in medical imaging and image segmentation. Experiments on medical images and nature images show the effectiveness of the presented contributions
Pfiffelmann, Marie. "Comptes d'épargne et actifs à lots : une approche comportementale." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007STR1EC08.
Full textThis work is devoted to the study of lottery-linked-deposit-accounts (LLDA). As the popularity of these financial assets cannot be understood in the expected utility framework, we adopt a behavioral approach. First, we study the structure of these assets and determine their optimal design in the light of the behavioral models generally proposed in the literature. However, when these models are applied to the financial market, they have to cope with some difficulties. In order to make up for these limitations, we propose an alternative theory of decision making under risk. In the framework of this new theory, it is now possible to determine, without limitation, the optimal design of LLDA
Lapied, André. "Apprentissage et convergence vers l'équilibre de marché." Aix-Marseille 3, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986AIX3A000.
Full textMatondzi-Ngouma, Alain Serge. "Modèles dynamiques à erreurs composées avec autocorrélation : étude et application à la demande de travail." Dijon, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997DIJOE007.
Full textIn this survey, I have extended the study of the dynamic error components models which have been introduced into the econometrical works by Balestra - Nerlove, to the case when autocorrelation is present in the error. My aim consist in analysing in what way the estimators react in the face of this new structure. What results from my survey is that : - when both n and t tend toward infinity, the new structure of the error does not alter the results by Sevestre and Trognon (1983 et 1985). The within, gls and qgls estimators are consistent and equivalent, whereas the other estimators are inconsistent. However, when the only n tends towards infinity, all the estimators are inconsistent contrary to the dynamic error components models without autocorrelation in which the gls estimator is consistent, on the assumption that there is no correlation between the initial observations and the model disturbances ; - the orthogonality conditions defined by Anderson and Hsia, Arellano and Bond, Holtz-Eakin, Newey and Rosen, Ahn et Schmidt (1993) put forward in the classicial dynamic error components models are not valid any longer when the error are autocorrelated, whereas those defined by Balestra- Nerlove, Liviatan and Ahn et Schmidt (1995) remain valid. I put forward another orthogonality condition which I have called Liviatan ii and which is based on the first difference model; - the classical method of estimation of the autocorrelation paramater is not efficient here. I put forward two method of estimation of this parameter, besides those put forward by Baltagi and Li which I generalize. This survey is end with empirical part about the estimation of two demand labor models with adjusments cost. I have aimed at showing, though this application, that the method of application developed in this survey are applicable
Bontemps, Christian. "Modèles de recherche d'emploi d'équilibre." Paris 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA010045.
Full textThis thesis is a contribution to the study of equilibrium search models. It consists of three parts the first one is dedicated to a survey of this kind of literature whereas the next two ones expose the models we develop and which incorporate (and generalise) features of previously developed equili- brium search models. In particular, the models allow for on-the-job search. Two kinds of heterogeneity are studied: in the second chapter, we introduce firms' heterogeneity and in the third chapter, we introduce both workers' and firms' heterogeneity. For both cases the equilibrium of the economy is studied in details. When the distribution of firms' productivities is continuous, there is a one-to-one function between wage offered and productivity. An important part of the theoretical analysis concerns the derivation of qualitative features of the equilibrium wage distributions. In fact, the existing models have the drawback of generating a wage earning distribution rather different from the empirical one. Firms' heterogeneity is necessary for a good fit. Other qualitative results relate the shape of the tail of the productivity distribution to the shape ot the tail of the wage offer distributions. In addition to this, we allow for mandatory minimum wage in the models and we derive necessary and sufficient conditions for the wage distributions to display a peak at the mandatory minimum wage. We develop a semi-parametric structural estimation method, based on an inversion from wages to productivities. This is applied to longitudinal data issued from the french labour survey enquête- emploi de l'INSEE)
Mrad, Mehdi. "Méthodes numériques d'évaluation et de couverture des options exotiques multi-sous-jacents : modèles de marché et modèles à volatilité incertaine." Paris 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA010010.
Full textBeaudoin, Luc. "Évaluation de deux modèles de produits dérivés : pour le marché de l'électricité en Amérique du Nord." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24799/24799.pdf.
Full textBois-Laurent, Marie-Aude. "Capital humain et croissance : conditions et modalités d'émergence des marchés du travail en Chine." Paris 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA020058.
Full textThe economic growth in china is caracterised by the introduction of market mecanisms. The economic transformations stressed the rural urban desequilibrium. Population movements, which have different characteristics than in the other developping countries, are developping more and more. Our work consists to characterise the individual behaviour of migration and to study its repercussions on chinese growth. Begining with the theory of risk adversion of von neumannand morgenstern and with the xu's model (1991), our research used two different directions. First, we studied individual behaviour of migration, using the models of harris and todaro. We took into account, in a random environment, the multitude of the migration pools and the dichotomy of the different sectors on the labour market. Second, we observed the growth in china. We used, in an environment of endogenous growth, the theory of von neuman and morgenstern, the hypothetis of the probabilist models and the possibility of the multitude of migration pools
Gagnon-April, Jérôme. "Trois essais sur les banques et le pouvoir de marché." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26944.
Full textThis thesis looks at the role of power market in banking. Emphasis is put on risk taking, economies of scale, economic efficiency and shocks transmission. Chapter 1 presents a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model with monopolistically competitive banks à la Salop (1979). Following Krugman (1979, 1980) hypothesis about the link between economies of scale and exports, banks have to support a transaction cost on foreign trades that decreases with the size of their local assets (loans). This lead the banks to increase their local loans by reducing their margin. The model is solved and simulated under various degrees of market power in the banking system. Results show that two forces, economies of scale and market power, oppose to each other when the market concentrates. Concentration also leads foreign activities to increase, which makes banks more sensible to foreign shocks. Chapter 2 takes the same basic framework, but where banks face credit risk partially insured by collateral pledged by entrepreneurs and can limit this risk via costly effort. The model is solved and simulated under various degrees of market power in the banking system. We find that higher market power reduces the size of the financial market and steady-state production, but leads to safer banks. In addition, economies with highly concentrated banking systems experience milder fluctuations following most types of shocks, because the higher margins associated with market power serve as a buffer to cushion the economy from adverse shocks, at least initially. This buffer effect is eliminated once we allow for free entry into the banking sector. An other extension with economies of scale shows that a moderately concentrated market can be optimal for the economy. Chapter 3 uses a Mean-Variance portfolio analysis to depict a bank with market power. Return on deposits and assets varies with the quantity traded, which change the bank’s portfolio. Market power on assets lead the bank to choose a more stable portfolio, even if it causes the return to decrease. Similar results occur in the case of deposits, but variance increase for higher degrees of market power. Results are robust for a variety of demand functions.
Schuhler, Estelle. "Apport de la géostatistique aux modèles probabilistes de la finance." ENSMP, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998ENMP0855.
Full textHurson, Christian. "La gestion de portefeuilles boursiers et l'aide multicritère à la décision." Aix-Marseille 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996AIX24002.
Full textThevenin, Dominique. "Anomalies des marchés d'actions : le cas des bulles spéculatives." Grenoble 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998GRE21046.
Full textThe object of this research paper is to test if speculative bubbles exist on stock markets, and to supply a procedure for testing bubbles. Chapters 1 to 4 retraces the evolution of financial theories, and the attempts to broaden the concept of rational bubbles using assumptions of fundamental value. In chapter 5 to 7, the most commonly used econometric tests are analysed : volatility tests, cointegration tests, and regressions. Tests are extended to a larger sample in time available on the american stock indice, and the conclusions are not modified: it is impossible to reject bubbles on the american stock market. In chapter 8, we introduce floating discount rates in the tests, but this element does not change the results. In chapter 9, the proposed procedure is applied to the french stock market indice. Their results are different for the same period 1871-1997 : it seems that bubbles do not affect frenc^stocks
Nicolas, Yann. "Le marché du travail dans le modèle de quasi-demande et quasi-offre globales : une solution au problème de symétrie." Paris 12, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA123004.
Full textThe question to which this study answers is: what is the more appropriate theoretical representation of the labour market in order to determine the level of employment in the model of aggregate demand and aggregate supply when this model is based on a rigid nominal wage in the short run? Part 1 explains that the frequent version of this model shows a problem of symmetry-due to the way the level of employment is determined-concerning its explanation of the quantitative impact of an aggregate demand expansion, the latter being logically the same as the impact of a contraction. Part 2 first shows that the solutions proposed in the literature all appear flawed, and so they do not succeed in solving appropriately the problem. Part 2 then proposes a particular model of the labour market which allows to solve it. This model is based on an inelastic labour supply and an informational imperfection involving the existence of a matching process. It is this model which is appropriate
Sohier, Joël. "La relation d'échange interorganisationnelle : une approche stratégique et interactive." Dijon, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997DIJOE002.
Full textThe thesis fits into the debate on the interactive approach of the markets. It integrates the different marketing approaches of the exchange: distribution, business to business marketing and social marketing. This integration is enriched through the knowledge of the other fields of management, organisation theory and strategy. The research is backed by a conceptual set inspired by a political economy paradigm and the transaction cost approach. The paradigm considers the exchange as the meeting-point between two parties: each one trying to obtain something from the other one against something else. The exchange is the product of a social relationship which, even though it is often constrained, is never entirely determined. The inclusion of a strategic construct in the exchange paradigm allows an interactive representation of the transaction. Each party displays a transactional strategy that is the result of his global strategy as well as the structural conditions which surround the exchange. The thesis shows that the interaction of these strategies makes it possible to explain the functioning and the climate of the exchange. This analysis of the exchange, within the strategic aspect of its management, has required developing a methodology that allows the statistical bringing together of both parties concerned. The simple dyadic approach is outdaded to be replaced by an interactive analysis. The paradigm is tested on a data base of 103 dyads composed of manufacturers of knitted articles and their suppliers. Each party has been separately interviewed about their relationship with their partner. Thus a statistical approach has been made possible: the testing of the model is made through an estimate of the influence of variables measured for one party over variables concerning the exchange partner
Kolelas, Brice Parfait. "La firme et les alternatives stratégiques : intégration verticale - contrat de long terme, intégration verticale - marché." Dijon, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993DIJOE016.
Full textWhen a firm is in an unstable environment, some strategies are requiered for its survival. There are several possible type of strategies; among these we can quote: vertical integration-long term contract, vertical integration-market the goal of this dissertation is to point out the theoritical foundation of these strategies and try to initiate theoritical analysis which may unify them in the optic of a dynamic strategy