Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Marche – Simulation par ordinateur'
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Fusco, Nicolas Delamarche Paul Cretual Armel. "Analyse, modélisation et simulation de la marche pathologique." Rennes : Université Rennes 2, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00293627/fr.
Full textPettré, Julien. "Planification de mouvements de marche pour acteurs digitaux." Toulouse 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOU30200.
Full textFusco, Nicolas. "Analyse, modélisation et simulation de la marche pathologique." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 2, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00293627.
Full textQuirion, Sébastien. "Animation basée sur la physique : extrapolation de mouvements humains plausibles et réalistes par optimisation incrémentale." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27675/27675.pdf.
Full textLewkovicz, Zach. "Modélisation et simulation du marché du travail avec un système multi-agents." Paris 6, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA066472.
Full textCabana, Marie. "Calcul direct acoustique et analyse des mécanismes de génération de bruit des écoulements cisaillés libres." Poitiers, 2008. http://theses.edel.univ-poitiers.fr/theses/2008/Cabana-Marie/2008-Cabana-Marie-These.pdf.
Full textIdentifying the mechanisms responsible for the production of sound in free-shear flows is a challenging task due to our poor understanding of the underlying physics, in particular concerning the flow acoustic interactions. A new analysis methodology based on a decomposition of the Lighthill aerodynamic sources term is proposed, aimed at understanding the respective roles of the subsequent subterms and extracting their radiating components using a filtering in wavenumber space. This analysis is performed on a temporal mixing-layer database obtained from a direct computation of sound and the essence of sound production mechanism is found to comprise sublte imbalances which disrupt inherent space-time symmetries between the various subterms. To enable direct computation of sound in three-dimensional configurations and constitute aerodynamic and acoustic databases amenable to this analysis methodology, a specific numerical treatment using high-order upwind compact schemes is developed. Their ability to direct computation of sound is evaluated on the test case of a mixing layer for which a reference solution is available. These schemes have proved their efficiency to damp spurious oscillations and their robustness faced with a marginal resolution or a Reynolds number increase. Thanks to this development, two simulations of a round jet are performed, an isothermal and an anisothermal ones. Preliminary results are presented on both the aerodynamic and acoustic fields, and temperature effects are investigated
Pimenta, dos Santos Alexandra. "Dynamical synthesis and analysis of healthy and pathological human walking." Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066575/document.
Full textChildren with cerebral palsy generally develop gait impairments. Orthopaedic surgery aims to improve the gait and the function of those children by specific procedures. The perspective of this work is to simulate their effects. In order to do that, an anthropomorphic 3D human model with an articulated foot is developed. A task-oriented Linear Quadratic Programming is used to dynamically simulate walking through constrained optimization. The motion is simulated in the multibody dynamics XDE framework. Three different patterns of foot contacts with the ground are implemented. Asymptomatic human walking is first generated with all the normal foot rockers. Experimental data from motion capture systems is used to improve the generated gait patterns. Greater walking speeds and step lengths than usually obtained with flat feet humanoid robots are simulated. They are close to those of healthy human walking, as well as sagittal kinematics. Dynamical data stay within the magnitudes encountered in human walking. Toe walking and flat feet walking with heel off motion, currently observed in children with cerebral palsy, are the two other developed patterns. Different steps lengths and walking speeds are possible for these two types of motion. The virtual effect of modifying joint limits constraints is tested on different asymptomatic or toe walking simulations. The developed simulation system is able to deal with these changes and to produce walking motions. In some cases, the generated gait patterns reproduce features of cerebral palsy children's walking. Limits and perspectives of this dynamic simulation approach are extensively discussed
Kao, Pai-Ling. "Étude numérique des instabilités convectives et des structures cohérentes dans des couches de mélange libres ou décollées." Toulouse, INPT, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998INPT012H.
Full textRouizi, Yassine. "Réduction de modèle par identification en convection forcée pour des systèmes soumis à des conditions aux limites thermiques instationnaires : application à l'écoulement le long d'une marche avec contrôle thermique par retour d'état." Phd thesis, Chasseneuil-du-Poitou, Ecole nationale supérieure de mécanique et d'aéronautique, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00516968.
Full textSeck, Babacar. "Optimisation stochastique sous contrainte de risque et fonctions d'utilité." Phd thesis, Ecole des Ponts ParisTech, 2008. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00004576.
Full textFrance, Laure. "Simulation graphique d'un robot bipède dans un environnement structuré." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1999. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00004831.
Full textRabat, Cyril. "Etude et simulation de solutions pour les grilles et systèmes pair-à-pair : application à la gestion des ressources et des tâches." Reims, 2007. http://theses.univ-reims.fr/exl-doc/GED00000715.pdf.
Full textThe grid or peer-to-peer applications gather a large number of resources that can be very dynamic. We need to model these applications and use appropriate tools to structure the resources in order to manage the dynamism and allow execution of services. First, we focus on modelisation of such applications thanks to a five-layers model. The three lower layers focus on subjacent mechanisms of the grid : physical network, routing and communication. The grid middleware is composed of two layers : the topology layer and the services layer. To extend algorithm validity, we wrote a library to build discrete event simulators. Their execution model is based on our theoretical model. They are written independently of the network and of the simulation models (fault, mobility, communication) and the granularity of the simulation is very large. Thanks to these tools, we proposed a solution for the resources management in dynamical networks. We use a circulating word that moves randomly and collects topological informations. To manage directed communication depending on firewalls and subjacent protocols, we propose a new content management to adapt this tool to directed graphs. Finally, we focus on the tasks management with two assignement methods called passive and active. They use a local policy, so it limits the control message exchanges and increases its fault tolerance
Goudet, Olivier. "La modélisation multi-agent du marché du travail français." Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066631/document.
Full textThis thesis presents an agent-based model of the labor market. The model simulates the market at the aggregate level and at the level of the principal manpower categories, on the basis of the decisions of heterogenous agents, firms and individuals, who interact. These decisions rely on computations of profits and utilities in a context of bounded rationality. The theoretical structure that underlies the decisions is the search concept. We apply this framework to the case of France in 2011. The model is at a scale of 1/4700. It is fairly detailed on the institutions of the labor market which constrain the agents’ decisions. Subsequently, it is calibrated by a powerful algorithm to reproduce a large number of variables of interest. The calibrated model presents a coherent accounting system of the gross flows of the individuals between the main states, employment, distinguishing open ended contracts and fixed duration contracts, unemployment and inactivity. The simulation of the gross flows enables us to analyse the patterns of mobility and to characterize the nature of the labor market under study, reproducing the high proportion of the fixed duration contracts in the hiring flows, and it points to a dualism of the French labor market. Modeling crowding out of some categories of workers (for instance the youths) by others is then a main contribution of the model to the labor market analysis. Finally, we study economic policies according to various indicators. We show that it is difficult to find a public policy which provides good results for all criteria and which is beneficial both for firms and individuals. It is all a question of compromise and political choice
Rouxel, Quentin. "Apprentissage et correction des imperfections des robots humanoïdes de petite taille : application à l'odométrie et à la synthèse de mouvements." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0816/document.
Full textSmall humanoid robots are often affected by many flaws : mechanical wraps and backlashes, electrical issues and motor control problems. This work is aimed at applying machine learning methods to deal with the flaws of the real robot. More precisely, improving the odometry accuracy and generated motion stability is studied. This thesis is highly guided and inspired by the participation of the Rhoban team (Rhoban Football Club) to the international RoboCup competition. Since 2011, the team has been competing each year in a soccer tournament within the fully autonomous small humanoid robots (Kid-Size) league. Proprioceptive odometry estimates the robot displacements from its internal sensors (no camera is used) whereas predictive odometry simulates the displacements created from a sequence of walk orders. Two corrective methods are proposed for the two kinds of odometries. The first one is based on a non parametric regression (LWPR) and a motion capture setup. The second one optimizes (CMA-ES) a linear corrective model without needing any external measure system. The proprioceptive odometry is essential to the localization of the robot on the soccer field. The predictive odometry is used to train a control policy for the walk motion. The generation of very dynamic motions like walking or kicking the ball is difficult due to the biped balance constraint and the many servomotor flaws. To start, kick motions are generated by optimization (CMA-ES) and evaluated based on the inverse dynamic model of the robot. The implementation of a physics simulator has been started. The objective is make the real behaviour of the robot to catch up the target trajectory by correcting the motion within the simulator
Shachykov, Andrii. "Neural modeling of human motor coordination inspired by biological signals aiming for parkinsonian gaits." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORR0291.
Full textMy thesis aims to simulate the impact of motor disorders on the human gait to help non-invasive diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease. Indeed, the simulation of the human locomotor system helps to deepen our understanding of the functioning of the human body by providing biological, biomechanical and kinematic data that would be difficult to collect otherwise and by helping to evaluate the coordination of a patient's movements to predict its condition after surgery. The goal of my thesis is, more specifically, to create a new platform for neuro-musculoskeletal simulation of the human locomotor system to reproduce healthy or altered walking gaits by Parkinson's disease or by disorders of the musculoskeletal system or locomotor disorders. The work presented includes several matters. Firstly, the main principles of the nervous system that control human locomotion are reviewed, by focusing on neural structures located in the brain and which are the sources of parkinsonian disorders. The neural controller of the simulation platform is based on an original model of central pattern generator (CPG) inspired by the spinal locomotor network and developed at LORIA in recent years. The musculoskeletal simulators are used in this thesis to obtain a closed-loop physical simulation of the locomotor system walking on the ground and whose proprioceptive and exteroceptive sensory feedback is used by the CPGs. The musculoskeletal simulator GAIT2DE was used with the OpenSim simulator which is more realistic and more used in Biomechanics field. The simulated gait analysis and controller parameter optimization are concerned followed by the results obtained with the simulators. These results show that it is possible to generate different walking patterns that are relatively stable and coordinated by modifying the neuronal parameters of GPCs. The simulation platform will allow to simulate abnormal gait due to different causes such as neurodegenerative diseases or the impact of the addition of artificial limbs (prostheses) and surgical interventions
Fadai-Ghotbi, Atabak. "Modélisation de la turbulence en situation instationnaire par approches URANS et hybride RANS-LES : prise en compte des effets de paroi par pondération elliptique." Phd thesis, Université de Poitiers, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00163592.
Full textDelcayre, Franck. "Étude par simulation des grandes échelles d'un écoulement décollé : la marche descendante." Grenoble INPG, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999INPG0007.
Full textBéraud, Nicolas. "Fabrication assistée par ordinateur pour le procédé EBM." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAI052/document.
Full textThe Electron Beam Melting (EBM) process allows to build metallic parts from powder. Thanks to the geometric and mechanical quality of the parts produced, the EBM process can be used to manufacture functional parts and not only prototypes. This process, with other additive metallic processes, make it possible to consider a transition from 3D printing to metallic additive manufacturing.The use of additive manufacturing in an industrial environment requires compliance with quality, cost and time criteria for the parts produced. The production of manufactured parts involves a series of numerical stages which is called the numerical chain. The numerical chain has a significant impact on the three criteria mentioned above. Thus, this thesis provides an answer to the following question:How Computer Aided Manufacturing can improve the quality, cost and time of the EBM manufacturing process?This problem is addressed through the following underlying question:What are the required characteristics for a Computer Aided Manufacturing system adapted to the EBM process?In order to answer this question, the current numerical chain is analyzed. Three main limitations are found:- the use of STL files format- the process cannot be optimized at different scales- the process cannot be simulatedTo solve these issues, a CAM environment is proposed. It allows the centralization of all numerical operations in a single environment. All supported formats can be used within this environment, such as native CAD file formats or STEP format. Software developments are done to prove the feasibility of such an environment.The CAM environment implementation reveals the crucial role of simulation in this system. It is therefore necessary to answer this second question:How to obtain an EBM process simulation allowing the development of parameters, virtually?Although EBM simulation is a recurrent subject in scientific literature, existing studies are based on the finite elements method but the calculation time needed is too important to be used in an CAM environment. Thus, an alternative type of simulation is created in this thesis: a simulation based on abacus. It is composed of a finite elements model, that allows heat maps generation for standards cases of heating and cooling. These heat maps are then transformed in abacus. The simulation algorithm based on abacus search the nearest abacus from the simulated situation in order to estimate the temperatures at the next time step.This simulation method was used to reduce the calculation time while keeping a sufficient precision to optimize process parameters.With the simulation based on abacus, a tool for the optimization of melting strategies is developed. This tool allows quality improvement for the produced parts through the calculation of melting strategies according to thermic criteria.To summarize, the main contributions of this work are:- the definition of requirements specifications of a powerful numerical chain for the EBM process- the development of a CAM environment adapted to the EBM process- the proposal of a fast simulation for the EBM process, based on abacus- the development of a tool for the optimization of melting strategies
Djian, Francis. "Modélisation thermique des thermostats pour oscillateurs à quartz et applications." Besançon, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991BESA2021.
Full textLouin, Jean-Charles. "Effets d'hétérogénéités de teneur en carbone sur les cinétiques de transformations de phase et sur la genèse des contraintes internes lors du refroidissement d'aciers." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003INPL077N.
Full textHeat treatment is a process that needs the control of both final microstructures and residual stresses and deformations. Numerical simulation is a useful tool for a better optimization of this process. The aim of our work was to contribute to the development of a numerical tool for the prediction of microstructures, stresses and strains during cooling of pieces that may contain chemical heterogeneities, particularly carbon content heterogeneities. Firstly, an existing model for the prediction of transformation kinetics in steels has been further developped in order to take into account the effects of the carbon content enrichment of austenite due to a partial ferritic transformation on the subsequent transformations. Coupled thermal, metallurgical, mechanical calculations have then been performed to study the effects of carbon content gradients on the microstructural evolutions and on the residual stresses development during cooling. Particularly, the possible effects of solidification macro and mesosegregations have been quantified in massive cylinders with sizes close to the size of an ingot. Secondly, experimental validations have been performed for homogeneous cylindrical specimen (40CrMnMo8 steel) and for a chemically heterogeneous specimen specifically designed for our study. The complete set of input data necessary for the simulations has been established from experimental characterizations of the steel. The role of chemical heterogeneity has been analysed through the experimental and calculated results. Finally, a good correlation has been obtained between measurements and calculation of the deformation during cooling of a 3D "croissant" shaped specimen
Sech, Nicolas Le. "Photocathodes à base de nanotubes de carbone sur substrats semi-conducteurs de type III-V. Application aux amplificateurs hyperfréquence." Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2010. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/50/14/43/PDF/These_N_Le_Sech.pdf.
Full textGillet, Natacha. "Simulations Numériques de Transferts Interdépendants d’Electrons et de Protons dans les Protéines." Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA112159/document.
Full textRedox processes involving organic molecules are ubiquitous in proteins. They generally imply global reactions such as Proton Coupled Electron Transfers, hydrogen atom or hydride transfers which can be decomposed into both electrons and proton transfers. Kinetic and thermodynamic information leads to a better understanding of these mechanisms. However, experiments are often limited to a milli- or microsecond timescales. We present here numerical simulations allowing modeling at shorter timescales (femto, pico or nanosecond) to complete experimental data. Many numerical methods combine quantum description (QM) of the active center and classical description (MM) of the environment to describe redox transformations into biological media. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations allowed a conformational sampling of the global system. Nevertheless, depending on their level of description of the QM part, the methods can cost more or less CPU time to get a good conformational sampling. In this thesis, we have studied different redox mechanisms involving both proton and electron transfers with a particular care paid to the balance between quality of the electronic description and of conformational sampling. For each mechanism, the coupled proton and electron transfers are investigated differently. This manuscript thus falls into three parts: i) the evaluation of the redox potentials quinone derivatives ; ii) the mechanistic description of the L-lactate oxidation into pyruvate in the flavocytochrome b2 enzyme; iii) decomposition of the formal hydride transfer occurring between two flavins in EmoB protein. A QM+MM scheme is chosen to evaluate redox potential of quinone cofactors: the electronic behavior is described at DFT level in gas phase while classical MDs provide a large conformational sampling of the molecule and its environment. Deprotonation and oxidation free energies are estimated by applying the linear response approximation (LRA). We finally get a theoretical value of the redox potential for different quinocofactors in water and a calibration curve of these theoretical results in function of experimental data. This curve allowed predictions of quinone redox potentials in water with a good accuracy (less than 0.1 eV). We also try our method on the MADH protein containing a Tryptophan Tryptophilquinone cofactor. However, because of great fluctuations of the environment, the LRA is not suitable for this system. This underlines the limits of our methodology. The oxidation of L-lactate to pyruvate is described by free energy surfaces obtained at AM1/MM level. Biased MDs provide the AM1/MM profile which is then corrected at DFT level. Several reactions pathways have been noticed. They consist in sequential or concerted transfers of a proton from L-lactate to a histidine and a hydride from L-lactate to a flavin cofactor. The coupling between the two transfers depends on the conformation of the active site or on the mutations. The obtained surfaces fit qualitatively the experimental data but the theoretical activation barriers are too high. Other simulations must be explored: different methods, other mechanism... Finally, a combination of long classical MDs and constrained DFT (cDFT)/MM are employed to decompose a hydride transfer between two flavins into one hydrogen atom and one electron transfer. cDFT methodology allow us to describe diabatic states associated to the electron transfer during the hydrogen atom transfer. Applying the LRA, we can build parabola of the diabatic and determine the sequence of the two transfers. The comparison of our results in the EmoB protein or in aqueous medium shows that the protein allows the electron transfer only if the hydrogen atom transfer is happening. By this way, no semi-reduced flavin is created
Fauchet, Gauthier. "Modélisation en deux points de la turbulence isotrope compressible et validation à l'aide de simulations numériques." Lyon 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998LYO10027.
Full textMenezla, Rabea. "Réalisation d'un logiciel de résolution de l'équation de poisson à trois dimensions : Simulation numérique tridimensionnelle du claquage des composants à jonctions P-N." Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990ECDL0027.
Full textJoly, Cécile. "Simulations numériques d'un jet rond turbulent et de son interaction avec un tourbillon de sillage." Université de Marne-la-Vallée, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002MARN0147.
Full textThe general context of this study concerns the impact of contrails, these famous white plumes frequently observed in the aircraft wake, on the atmosphere. From an aerodynamic point of view, the formation of the contrails is characterised by the interaction between a turbulent jet and a wing-tip vortex. The aim of this thesis is to contribute to a better understanding of the thermal and dynamic phenomena involved in this flow. This work is based on the numerical resolution of the three-dimensional, unsteady and compressible Navier-Stokes and energy conservation equations. Two approaches are considered: the direct numerical simulation and the large eddy simulation. A temporal simulation of the transition to turbulence of a non-isothermal jet is performed without accounting for the vortex flow field. A the end of this simulation, a vortex model is superimposed on the jet flow field. The first part of this thesis describes the two approaches, the different subgrid models chosen for the large eddy simulations, and the numerical techniques employed. The second part is devoted to the jet flow simulation, and here the objective is to determine the subgrid model appropriated to this flow configuration. The third part is dedicated to the simulation of interaction between the jet and the vortex. Results are compared to experimental data. The simulations have demonstrated the development of large scale structures all around the vortex core. The temperature field concentrates in the large scale structures
Quatravaux, Thibault. "Évolution de la modélisation du procédé VAR : contribution à la description de la dispersion inclusionnaire dans le puits liquide et à la prévention de défauts de solidification." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004INPL037N.
Full textThis thesis deals with the modelling of Vacuum Arc Remelting process (VAR) using the numerical software SOLAR. The first aim of the study is a better description of several physical phenomena which occur during melting, in order to extend the application of the software to simulate the remelting of steel. The evolution in the modelling of transport phenomena in the secondary ingot is based on three major improvements: - lateral thermal transfer modelling, in order to take into account the formation of a gap between the ingot and the mould walls, a possible injection of a neutral gas, and the heating of water in the coolant circuit, according to its flow, - a better turbulence model, since the k-E model implemented previously in the numerical code was not accurate enough to correctly descri~ the flow of the liquid metal in the pool, - a new method to simulate the ingot growth, based on a cyclic operation of splitting and growth/migration of control volumes, which reproduces the continuous growth of the secondary ingot and allows for the refinement of the mesh close to the free surface. Finally, the improved model has been validated by comparison with experimental results provided from four remeltings carried out on full-scale furnaces. The second objective is the characterization of the quality of the manufactured products in terms of inclusion cleanliness and risk of freckles segregated channel generation. Ln order to describe the behaviour of inclusions in the liquid pool, a trajectory model, adapted to account for turbulent flows, was validated and then implemented in the code. Various particle behaviours were distinguished. A study on the risk of freckles generation led to the establishment of a criterion particularly weIl adapted to the process. A generalization of this criterion, suggested in this work, would allow the prediction of the probable orientation of such segregated channels
Ribot, Bénédicte. "Modélisation numérique d'un système de ventilation d'un tunnel routier par une trappe de désenfumage dans le cas d'un incendie." Lyon 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999LYO10195.
Full textChen, Haifeng. "Système de simulation de spectres de masse assisté par ordinateur." Paris 7, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA077143.
Full textDiener, Julien. "Acquisition et génération du mouvement de plantes." Grenoble INPG, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009INPG0080.
Full textThe primary goal of my Ph. D. Has been to develop innovative animation techniques for virtual plants. Two main approaches have been explored: the reproduction real motion and real-time simulation. First, I have mixed vision algorithms and user interface in order to extract reliable motion data from videos. An innovative method has then been designed to estimate a valid hierarchical structure of branches using statistical study which is used to retarget the video movement on a wide range of virtual plants. Second, I have developed new animation method that computes the response of plants to interactively controllable wind. The main contribution has been to show that simple approximations of the wind load model leads to a drastic reduction of the run-time computations. The simulation algorithm takes full advantage of the parallel processing capabilities of computer graphics cards allowing the animation of thousand trees in real-time
Yu, Qizhi. "Modèles de rivières animées pour l'exploration intéractive de paysages." Grenoble INPG, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008INPG0126.
Full textRivers are ubiquitous in nature, and thus are an important component of the visual simulation of nature scenes. In nature, rivers are dynamic, therefore animation of rivers is necessary in these visual simulation applications. However, animation of rivers is a challenging problem. It incorporates multi-scale surface details and flow motion, and many phenomena involved have complex underlying physical causes. River animation is particular difficult in emerging interactive applications like Google Earth or games, which allow users to explore a very large scene and observe rivers at a very small scale or a very large scale at any moment. Controlling the design of water simulations is another hard problem. The goal of this dissertation is to achieve real-time, scalable, and controllable river animation with a detailed and space-time continuous appearance. To achieve this goal, we break down the river animation problem into macro-, meso-, and micro-scale subproblems from coarse to fine. We propose appropriate models for each scale that capture relevant surface details and fluid motion. In the macro-scale, we propose a procedural method that can compute velocities of rivers with curved banks, branchings and islands on the fly. In themeso-scale, we propose an improved featured-based simulationmethod to generate the crests of the quasi-stationary waves that obstaclesmake. We also propose a method for constructing an adaptive and feature-aligned water surface according to the given wave crests. In the micro-scale, we propose the use of wave sprites, a sprite-based texture model, to represent advected details with stationary spectrum properties on flow surfaces. Armed with wave sprites and a dynamic adaptive sampling scheme, we can texture the surface of a very large or even unbounded river with scene-independent performance. In addition, we propose a Lagrangian texture advection method that has other applications beyond river animation. We demonstrate that combining our models in three scales helps us incorporate visually convincing animated rivers into a very large terrain in real-time interactive applications
Benchamma, Mérièm. "Réalisation d'un simulateur d'étude et de faisabilité pour la radiothérapie externe dynamique." Aix-Marseille 3, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995AIX30013.
Full textPerreault, Simon. "Conception mécanique d'une plate-forme de marche entraînée par câbles." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24562/24562.pdf.
Full textFarissier, Pierre. "Etude d'un modèle cartographique adapté à la simulation des écoulements en rivières." Lyon 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993LYO10278.
Full textBonelli, Stéphane. "Contribution à la résolution de problèmes élastoplastiques de mécanique des sols et d'écoulements non saturés par la méthode des éléments finis." Aix-Marseille 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993AIX22038.
Full textReimeringer, Michael. "Une méthodologie et des outils pour concevoir en tenant compte de la simulation." Reims, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009REIMS001.
Full textSimulation becomes incontrovertible due to the many advancement made in model, software and material. The use of simulation tools supply many advantages: study of alternative solutions, optimization of product, decrease or disparition of physical prototypes, assessment of manufacturing process, and reduction of cost and delay. Nowadays design is often done without considering subsequent step like simulation. However this step is indispensable
Chaillat, Stéphanie. "Méthode multipôle rapide pour les équations intégrales de frontière en élastodynamique 3-D : application à la propagation d’ondes sismiques." Paris Est, 2008. http://pastel.paristech.org/5233/01/these_chaillat.pdf.
Full textSimulating wave propagation in 3D configurations is becoming a very active area of research. The main advantage of the BEM is that only the domain boundaries are discretized. As a result, this method is well suited to dealing with unbounded domains. However, the standard BEM leads to fully-populated matrices, which results in high computational costs in CPU time and memory requirements. The Fast Multipole Method (FMM) has dramatically improved the capabilities of BEMs for many areas of application. In this thesis, the FMM is extended to 3D frequencydomain elastodynamics in homogeneous and piecewise-homogeneous media (using in the latter case a FMM-based BE-BE coupling). Improvements of the present FM-BEM are also presented: preconditioning, reduction of the number of moments, and formulation of a multipole expansion for the half space fundamental solutions. Seismological applications are given for canonical problems and the Grenoble valley case
Charentenay, Julien de. "Simulation numérique d'écoulements réactifs instationnaires à faibles nombres de Mach." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ECAP0724.
Full textDubois, Jean-Luc. "L'abstraction fonctionnelle des parties contrôles des circuits pour l'accélération de simulateurs générés : une contribution au développement d'outils de C.A.O. de l'architecture matérielle." Lille 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991LIL10037.
Full textGassenbauer, Václav. "Illumination coherence for ligh transport simulation." Rennes 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011REN1S098.
Full textLa simulation de la propagation de la lumière dans une scène est une tâche essentielle en synthèse d'images réalistes. Cependant, une simulation correcte de la lumière ainsi que ses différents rebonds dans la scène reste couteuse en temps de calcul. Premièrement, nous proposons l'algorithme de cache de luminance spatial et directionnel SDRC. L'algorithme SDRC tire parti du fait que les variations d'éclairage sont douces sur les surfaces brillantes. L'éclairage en un point de la scène est alors calculé en interpolant l'éclairage indirect connu pour un ensemble d'échantillons de luminance spatialement proches et de directions similaires. Dans la partie suivante, nous présentons un algorithme efficace et précis d'analyse locale en composantes principales LPCA pour réduire la dimension et compresser un grandensemble de données. Pour améliorer l'efficacité de notre nouvel algoritme celui-ci propage les informations issues d'une itération à une itération suivante. En choisissant une meilleure graine initiale pour les centroïdes des clusters dans LPCA, la précision de la méthode est améliorée et produit une meilleure classification des données. Enfin, nous décrivons des travaux en cours de réalisation concernant une méthode de ré-éclairage interactif d'une séquence animée en prenant en compte l'éclairage indirect. Le problème de ré-éclairage est représenté sous la forme d'une grande matrice 3D représentant la propagation de la lumière dans la scène pour plusieurs images de la séquence. Un algorithme adaptatif pré-calcule la propagation de la lumière en exploitant les cohérences potentielles
Zhang, Xiao Hui. "Simulation avancée des circuits micro-ondes." Paris 12, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA120040.
Full textVettorel, Thomas. "Polymer crystallization studies by computer simulation." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2005. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2005/VETTOREL_Thomas_2005.pdf.
Full textSemi-crystalline polymers are of great interest for industrial purposes, and the complex structures they involve as well as the mechanisms leading to the formation of crystals make their study very challenging. We investigated polymer crystallization by computer simulation via different methods: An atomisticly detailed model was used to reproduce the crystalline structure of short alkanes at low temperature, and continuous heating simulations gave rise to a transient phase that is well characterized in experiments. The same realistic model was used to simulate continuous cooling of the melt, but could not yield crystalline structures in a limited simulation time. In order to reproduce efficiently the characteristic features of semi-crystalline polymers, we used another simulation model which addresses larger length and time scales: This coarse-grained model allowed us to study the crystallization phenomenon in detail with several order parameters to characterize the crystal and its time evolution. The detailed study of the structure factors of the high-temperature melt has also been investigated so as to determine the influence of the liquid phase structure on crystal formation. These different studies yield a better understanding of the influence on crystallization of the various parameters entering the definitions of the simulation models
Boyère, Emmanuel. "Contribution à la modélisation numérique thermomécanique tridimensionnelle du forgeage." Paris, ENMP, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999ENMP0915.
Full textJamme, Stéphane. "Étude de l'interaction entre une turbulence homogène isotrope et une onde de choc." Toulouse, INPT, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998INPT046H.
Full textRémon, Joséphine. "Intégrer Internet dans un enseignement de langue : une simulation ludique et collaborative pour l'apprentissage d'aspects pragmatiques en FLE." Phd thesis, Nice, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999NICE2005.
Full textAlbaki, Rachida. "Contribution à l'étude des propriétés dynamiques des métaux liquides simples par simulation numérique et modèles analytiques." Metz, 2002. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/2002/Albaki.Rachida.SMZ0205.pdf.
Full textBarrero, Daniel. "Simulation et visualisation de phénomènes naturels pour la synthèse d'images." Toulouse 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001TOU30001.
Full textBrocail, Julien. "Analyse expérimentale et numérique du contact à l'interface outil-copeau lors de l'usinage à grande vitesse des métaux." Valenciennes, 2009. http://ged.univ-valenciennes.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/6c282378-ea86-4bf0-8c06-48498e37e0da.
Full textThe study relates to the characterization of the tool-chip interface during the high-speed machining of metals. The existing numerical approaches do not generate good correlations of the process variables, such as the cutting forces and the shape of the chip. Recent studies show that the determination of an interfacial law according to the contact parameters (contact pressure, sliding velocity and interfacial temperature) is necessary to describe more precisely the process parameters. Experiments were carried out on the upsetting sliding test that reproduces the mechanics and thermals contact conditions of the HSM process at the tool tip. This specific device has been adapted and the antagonists have been modified for this study. A friction law according to the contact pressure, the sliding velocity, and the interfacial temperature was defined for the tribological system AISI 1045 steel / uncoated carbide. This law implemented in a numerical model of orthogonal cutting (developed in Abaqus) offers interesting improvements
Mohamed, Kamel. "Simulation numérique en volume finis, de problèmes d'écoulements multidimensionnels raides, par un schéma de flux à deux pas." Paris 13, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA132020.
Full textThis thesis is devoted to the numerical simulation of stiff fluid flows, governed by sys¬tems of conservation laws with source terms (non homogeneous systems). Both one dimensional and two-dimensional configurations are considered. The numerical method used is an extension of the two steps flux scheme (SRNH), which depends on a local adjustable parameter aj+i and which has been proposed by professor F. Benkhaldoun in the one dimensional framework. In a first part of the work, aiming to extend the scheme to the two-dimensional case, we introduce an alternative scheme (SRNHR), which is obtained from SRNH by replacing the numerical velocity, by the local physical Rusanov velocity. Thereafter, the stability analysis of the scheme, shows that the new scheme can be of order 1 or 2 according to the value of the parameter 0j+1. A strategy of variation of this parameter, based on limiters theory was then adopted. The scheme can thus be turned to order 1 in the regions where the flow has a strong variation, and to order 2 in the regions where the flow is regular. After this step, we established the conditions so that this scheme respects the exact C-property introduced by Bermudez and Vazquez. A study of boundary conditions, adapted to this kind of two steps schemes, has also been carried out using the Riemann invariants. In the second part of the thesis, we applied this new scheme to homogeneous and non¬homogeneous monophasic systems. For example, we performed the numerical simulation of shallow water phenomena with bottom topography in both one and two dimensions. We also carried out a numerical convergence study by plotting the error curves. Finally, we used the scheme for the numerical simulation of two phase flow models (Ransom ID and 2D)
Dridi, Samia. "Essais de caractérisation des structures tissées." Lyon, INSA, 2010. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2010ISAL0041/these.pdf.
Full textIn this work, we interested to the study and the modelling of mechanical behaviour of weave structure. We begin by presenting the properties of tested materials thanks to tests of characterization. An experimental data base is established to analyze the mechanical behaviour of fabric under some solicitations, in particular the shear, using the technique of digital image correlation. Then, by adopting a hyperelastic approach, a simplified model is developed allowing to study numerically the influence of the report of tensile and shearing rigidities on the mechanical behaviour of woven fabric, further to an extension in 45. Finally, by basing on phenomenological approach, a hyperelastic behaviour law is proposed. This model is implanted in a routine Vumat. It is identified from the tensile and the shearing tests and validated by certain cases of composite reinforcement forming
Guilminot, Virginie. "La synthèse d'image animée : au-delà d'une simulation réaliste." Paris 8, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA081159.
Full textA majority of 3d films and computer graphics respect a realistic aesthetic. On one hand, I will analyse why such totally made images initiate a film or reality and on the other hand, I will try to offer alternativity in order to create an other aesthetic, not being realistic. Softwares need numerous scientific formulas, therefore the author, while manipuling it, will be the main actor to change the situation. This is the main point. Realism exists in every 3d application, such as research, tv, cinema, fiction, school and even often in creation. A few artists managed to escape from realism, i. E. : Joan Stavely, Tamas Waliczky or Michel Bret. Each has its own way of working but they all aim at the same: not to reach realistic simulation. I agree on this point and illustrate my thinking, I made three 3d films with more sensitivity than technical challenge. It is possible to avoid the trap of realism. Indeed, by manipulating and divert the software, one can obtain different 3d computer graphics. Step by step, a new approach to handle and to develop tools apears, and thanks to this, authors can create films other than realistic.