Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Marchés – Haïti – Port-au-Prince (Haïti)'
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Lamaute-Brisson, Nathalie. "L'économie informelle en Haïti : le cas de l'aire métropolitaine de Port-au-Prince." Paris 10, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA100073.
Full textLucien, Georges Eddy. "Port-au Prince (1915-1956) : modernisation manquée : centralisation et dysfonctionnements." Toulouse 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007TOU20068.
Full textOur research, without giving a long-term study, highlights the index on urban development of Haiti's Capital Port au Prince. The main idea of our work, supported for several years, is to stress on important elements of the issue, in particular its historic evolution and specific environment of haitian Government. Thanks to an historic graph, based on description, it seems to us in the wake of our first researches, that the years of the American invasion in Haiti ( 1915-1934), secondly the years before the Duvalier dictature ( 1957-1986) play a main role concerning the development of Port au Prince. Then, our historian look focuses on this decisive period. Are the years 1915-1956 responsible for the fail regarding the development attempt of Haiti's Capital, as the Haitian and foreign Authorities wish it? The theme of urban development covers a study in three cases on which we come back regularly in this work: projects of modernization, or transformation of urban structures; planning programs by the Authority in power, like foreign leaders or Haitian Administrations ( State, city council). Finally, assessment of companies regarding the Capital, about its urban crisis and management of the growth by the authorities. Then, we stress on a political history way concerning the urban fact. How is the capital's city centre managed, governed by its authorities in a period of crucial transformations for the country
Giafferi, Natacha. "Couleur et rang dans la Carai͏̈be : une ethnologue face aux discours et aux luttes du classement socio-racial dans la ville de Port-au-Prince (Hai͏̈ti)." Aix-Marseille 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003AIX32026.
Full textAppropriations, in the contemporary West Indies, of a racial code originated in the past, written and oral, scholarly and popular, question about the problem of a management, by human groups now moved away from one another by contrasted historical, political and economical trajectories, of a certain colonial heritage. The special case of the Haitian society, first ever formed as an entity independent from its metropolis, offers the particularity to focus on the paradoxes of a "Black Nation" worked, in its self-definition as in its relation to alterity, by the " White " man's character. Searching for the most recent developments of this symbolical grammar of skin's shades, in Haiti and to a lesser extent in the Dominican Republic, Cuba and the French Antilles, this thesis tries to assess the distance achieved since the very first local formulations of what has been called the caribbean "colour problem"
Bony, Harold, and Harold Bony. "Les enfants de la rue à Port-au-Prince : liens avec les membres de leurs familles." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26620.
Full textEn Haiti, comme dans de nombreux pays en développement, on assiste à la présence des enfants et des jeunes qui élisent domiciles dans les rues. Ils viennent des milieux défavorisés et sont victimes des actes de violence corporelle, psychologique et langagiere, soit dans leur propre famille, soit dans des familles d’accueil et en domesticité. Cette étude sur les enfants de la rue, à Port-au-Prince vise, entre autres, non seulement à comprendre les raisons qui justifient leur présence dans les rues, mais également à obtenir une meilleure connaissance des relations qui les lient avec l’univers familial dont ils se sont séparés. Abandonnés ou presque à leur sort, ils n’ont personne pour leur inculquer des notions sociales et morales et pour leur faire vivre des valeurs ; conditions essentielles devant les aider à se construire. En plus des compétences en matiere de relations sociales normatives dont ils ne sont nullement dotées, les carences psychosociales et éducatives, et l’inexistence ou le faible revenu substantiel qui les caractérisent en font des parias, aux yeux de leurs propres concitoyens. Donc, ils vivent en marge de la société. L’objectif de cette recherche est d’identifier le lien social existant entre les enfants de la rue et leurs parents; lien associé aux facteurs économique, social, parental, et aux politiques publiques. Diverses techniques de collecte ont été utilisées, entretien semi-directif, entrevue de groupe ou focus-group, observation participante établissent une correspondance entre les hypothèses et les résultats obtenus, correspondance appuyée par diverses théories exposées au chapitre Analyse et Interprétation des résultats. La réalisation de cette thèse requerrait des données empiriques et scientifiques recueillies par une approche qualitative, en réalisant des entrevues individuelles, et des entrevues de groupe afin de mieux cerner la realité des enfants de la rue. Nos enquetés viennent tous et toutes des familles pauvres des zones rurales et des quartiers populaires des centres urbains du pays. Nos entrevues ont été réalisées à Port-au-Prince entre les mois de mars et d’avril 2012. Les problèmes socio-affectifs et le faible niveau de revenu quand ce dernier existe, identifiés par les outils de collecte de données et justifiant notre perception d’avant-projet, et l’évidence observable représentent les facteurs déterminants et permanents de la situation vécue par les enfants. Les inégalités sociales criantes sont symptomatiques de l’absence de politique sociale des gouvernants. Il s’établit une corrélation presque totale entre nos résultats et ceux concernant les enfants de la rue d’autres pays en développement. Des recommandations, en termes de conclusion, considèrent la nécessité pour les responsables du pays de tenir compte des retombées d’une politique à la carte pour éviter la paupérisation d’une plus grande partie de la population, par l’implantation d’une politique de justice sociale à travers tout le territoire. Car l’absence de politique publique et de normalisation institutionnelle auront des conséquences négatives pour les couches les plus vulnérables de la société. Enfin, cette étude, malgré son originalité et sa découverte nous permettant d’apporter certaines réponses à des questions, agite des préoccupations toujours pendantes et non élucidées.
In Haiti, as in many developing countries, young children/adolescents take up their abode in the street. They come from disadvantaged environments and are victims to physical, psychological violence both in their own family or foster families and in domesticity. This study on street children in Port au Prince aims not only to understand the reasons for their presence in the streets; but also to obtain a better understanding of their relationships with the families from which they were separated. Where do these street children come from? Before being driven from home to the streets, they generally lived in single-parent families where living conditions vary from very modest to miserable. For the most part, they are abandoned to their fate. They therefore have no one to teach them the social and moral values that are essential to help them form their characters. In addition, lack of the skills for normative social relations, psychosocial and educational deficiencies as well as the absence of substantial income make them pariahs in the eyes of their fellow citizens. As a result, they live at the margins of society. As we stated earlier, the objective of this research is to identify the extant social relationships between street children and their parents; these relationships depend on factors such as economic, social, parental, and public policies. Various techniques and measures, questionnaire, participatory observation established a rapport between the major and minor hypotheses and the obtained results; this rapport is supported by different theories examined in the chapter Analysis and Interpretation of Results. To achieve this thesis, empirical data was collected through a qualitative approach, conducting individual as well as group or focus-group interviews in order to better understand the reality of street children. Our interviewees all came from poor families in rural areas and popular neighbourhoods of the urban centres of the country. All the interviews were conducted in Port-au-Prince, between March and April 2012. Socio-affective problems, and low level of income when it exists, identified by the tools used to collect data which also justifies our pre-project perception, together with observable evidence represent the determining and immediate factors of the situation experienced by the children. Glaring- social inequalities are symptomatic of lack of social policy implemented by the leaders. Some recommendations, in terms of conclusion, consider the necessity for the country’s leaders to be aware of the fall outs of an armchair policy and to take steps to prevent the impoverishment of a greater part of the population, by putting in place a flexible policy of social justice to the extent of the whole territory. For the absence of public policy and of institutional normalization will have negative fall outs for the most vulnerable members of the society. Finally, this study, in spite of its both originality and important breakthrough allowing us to provide some answers to questions brings up preoccupations that are still pending and not clarified.
In Haiti, as in many developing countries, young children/adolescents take up their abode in the street. They come from disadvantaged environments and are victims to physical, psychological violence both in their own family or foster families and in domesticity. This study on street children in Port au Prince aims not only to understand the reasons for their presence in the streets; but also to obtain a better understanding of their relationships with the families from which they were separated. Where do these street children come from? Before being driven from home to the streets, they generally lived in single-parent families where living conditions vary from very modest to miserable. For the most part, they are abandoned to their fate. They therefore have no one to teach them the social and moral values that are essential to help them form their characters. In addition, lack of the skills for normative social relations, psychosocial and educational deficiencies as well as the absence of substantial income make them pariahs in the eyes of their fellow citizens. As a result, they live at the margins of society. As we stated earlier, the objective of this research is to identify the extant social relationships between street children and their parents; these relationships depend on factors such as economic, social, parental, and public policies. Various techniques and measures, questionnaire, participatory observation established a rapport between the major and minor hypotheses and the obtained results; this rapport is supported by different theories examined in the chapter Analysis and Interpretation of Results. To achieve this thesis, empirical data was collected through a qualitative approach, conducting individual as well as group or focus-group interviews in order to better understand the reality of street children. Our interviewees all came from poor families in rural areas and popular neighbourhoods of the urban centres of the country. All the interviews were conducted in Port-au-Prince, between March and April 2012. Socio-affective problems, and low level of income when it exists, identified by the tools used to collect data which also justifies our pre-project perception, together with observable evidence represent the determining and immediate factors of the situation experienced by the children. Glaring- social inequalities are symptomatic of lack of social policy implemented by the leaders. Some recommendations, in terms of conclusion, consider the necessity for the country’s leaders to be aware of the fall outs of an armchair policy and to take steps to prevent the impoverishment of a greater part of the population, by putting in place a flexible policy of social justice to the extent of the whole territory. For the absence of public policy and of institutional normalization will have negative fall outs for the most vulnerable members of the society. Finally, this study, in spite of its both originality and important breakthrough allowing us to provide some answers to questions brings up preoccupations that are still pending and not clarified.
Lenz, Jn-François. "Comment devenir "je"dans un monde qui vous met hors-jeu ? : Le défi de la construction d'un individu - sujet chez les jeunes du Bel-Air (Port au Prince, Haïti) de 1986 à 2006." Paris 7, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA070108.
Full textFrom 1986 to 2006, Haïti literally imploded in a long and terrible crisis. The country bas witnessed a real human drama that reveals the pain and the difficulty of survival in a community of about ten million people. This situation of social disintegration is rooted in a structural and historical context, fundamentally characterized by the denial of social recognition for the vast majority of citizens. In this study we set out to understand how human individuals were able to live (or survive), evolve and try to structure themselves as subjects in an extreme situation of poverty, violence, chaos and authoritarianism. Using a clinical approach, we studied the social environment of youth in the slums (particularly the neighborhood of Bel-Air), their lived experiences, and the strategies they used to build identities as subjects. Individuals, particularly the poor, build their identity in a continual struggle for self and ultimately against the other. This struggle is heightened by the desire for recognition that is historically rooted in Haitians and which finally results in a form of negative individualism, the individualism of survival. Through our analysis of three determining areas of socialization in the slums - family, neighborhood and school - we measured how the experience of abandonment affects every stage of a youth's life. It represent the fundamental element structuring the identity of these young people in a society of getting by" as the cardinal principle of survival is reduced to "every man for himself". The individualism of survival becomes the mainspring of the work of subjectivation. It is sometimes presented as a particular form of presence, of relation to the other in order to ensure a social existence that is recognized. It is sometimes the expression of social constraints that drive the individual to isolation or loneliness and desolation
St, Fleur Sadrac. "Estimation des mouvements sismiques à Port-au-Prince (Haïti) : mesures des amplifications locales et simulations numériques." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AZUR4099/document.
Full textIn order to help estimating the seismic ground motion expected in the Port-au-Prince area (Haiti), we characterize local site effects, pointing out the seismic waves trapped in the loose layer of Cul-de-Sac basin, and provide realistic synthetic accelerograms for an hypothetical future earthquake.To this end, we propose to analyze signals from 78 earthquakes that occurred between March 2010and February 2013, by applying two methods of spectral ratios : The H/V earthquake method and the classical spectral ratio (SSR). A strong spatial variability was observed in the measured amplifications, which is quite consistent with the heterogeneous surface geology of the area. We notice in particular strong amplification on marine sediments close to the coast. In the foothills of the Massif de la Selle the reflection of the seismic waves lead to the concentration of the wave fields that strongly amplify seismic ground motion at the top of the hills. In addition, an increase of the signal duration due to the presence of surface waves was also highlighted on some stations of the plain. For the generation of synthetic accelerograms, we first use Empirical Green functions (EGF) method. The results show that the strongest acceleration is expected in Quaternary sediments near the coast and on the ridge of south hills of Port-au-Prince. Then, a hybrid simulation method combining complex transfer functions (amplitude and phase) and the EGF simulation on bedrock was set up and validated from testing on instrumented sites in the metropolitan area of Port-au-Prince
Jean, Charles Vladimir. "Profils identitaires et prises de position sur la sexualité d'adolescent(e)s pentecôtistes et catholiques pratiquant(e)s de Port-au-Prince (Haïti) : analyse d'un champ représentationnel en fonction des modes d'insertion sociale." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/29581/29581.pdf.
Full textIn the present context of STD (Sexually Transmitted Diseases) such as HIV/AIDS and blood-borne viruses- STI/HIV/BBV) in Haiti, to understand how young Christians are seizing recommendations promoted by the media, 96 teenagers aged 16 to 19 who defined themselves as devout believers (48 Catholic and 48 Pentecostal, 24 boys and 24 girls in each group) were recruited in five schools of the Port-au-Prince metropolitan area. Specifically, this study was designed to examine the representational field of sexuality of those teenagers according to their religious allegiance, socio-economic status, gender, age. This study aimed to examine the place of the identity profile in this representational field, to analyse the strategies used to deal with the sometimes opposing messages on prevention coming from medical experts and ecclesial leaders as well as the role of significant others in this dynamic. A multi-method approach was used, combining an identify profile measure of the participants ; an association test (with four inductor words) to explore the representational field of sexuality; and semi-structured interviews (n = 11) using problematic issues to attain a deeper comprehension. Globally, the analysis of the answers obtained reveals that a majority of participants are in a first stage of transition in their identity development characterized by a tendency to act according to environmental influences. The results also show differences in the anchoring dynamics of sexuality at various levels. Teenagers from underprivileged backgrounds tend to focus on concrete elements to adress sexuality (e.g., genital organs, syphilis, the symptoms of AIDS: fever, diarrhoea) while teenagers from privileged backgrounds focus more on emotional and symbolic elements (e.g., honor, mutual confidence, stigmatization). On the issues of abstinence and virginity, the boys’ views are more liberal, assigning value to sexual experience, while girls are more or less reserved concerning virginity and tend to emphasize its market value. Religious allegiance (Catholic vs Pentecostal) points out a consensual vision of sexuality, except again for issues on virginity. As for the age variable, due to its restricted range, it does not play a determining role in our results. The analysis of the representational field according to the identity profile reached by the majority of the participants reveals a greater interest for the exploration of sexuality than for commitment to ethical principles, all this expressed through pragmatic strategies and a « logic of immediacy ». Some rare participants at a more elaborated level of development show a more integrated vision of sexuality, based on a system of values solidly grounded. On the whole, identities strategies seem to vary according to contextual issues, level of identity development and, indirectly, openness of significant others to discussion with the adolescent.
Bras, Anie. "Éléments pour une définition de la problématique de la propreté urbaine en Haïti : le cas de Port-au-PrinceElements for a definition of urban waste management problem in Haiti : Port-au-Prince , case study." Lyon, INSA, 2010. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2010ISAL0005/these.pdf.
Full textJean, Louis Katia. "Genre et musique populaire en Haïti : vers une compréhension sociologique de la réception du rabòday par des femmes." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/66899.
Full textThis master’s thesis deals with the reception of rabòday music - a popular musical style known for its obscenity and sexism - by Haitian women. Drawing from a theoretical framework combining Cultural Studies and intersectional feminism, the analysis highlights the ways in which gender and social class shape the reception of this musical style by its female fans. Following Janice Radway’s (2000 [1984]) method, the thesis presents, on the one hand, a content analysis of ten rabòday songs and, on the other hand, a discourse analysis carried out from a series of semi-structured interviews and focus groups with 21 women from the lower working-class neighborhoods of Port-au-Prince. The results show that stereotypes, violence and gender inequalities are at the heart of rabòday music. However, rabòday music describes a social reality to which young women from lower social classes identify. Although they are aware of the sexist and even misogynistic character of rabòday music, the participants in the study believe that rabòday gives visibility to people who, like them, live in precarious conditions. The reception of rabòday music by these Haitian women is thus understood as a “negotiated position” (Hall, 1994 [1973]).
Awono-Bessa, Cyprien. "Les déterminants microéconomiques de la consommation urbaine de poulets de chair dans les pays du sud : cas du Cameroun et d’Haïti." Rennes, Agrocampus Ouest, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008NSARE026.
Full textA galloping demography and inadequate coverage in meat products, has incited Cameroon and Haïti to open their markets to importation. The competition between imported and local flesh chicken would have been the cause of the collapse of many pultry hysbandry and the loss of several employments. In the absence of information on the evolution of food habits and trend of local poultry sector, this thesis analyses micro-economic determinants of chicken consumption in urban aera of developing countries on the basis of case studies in Yaoundé (Cameroun) and Port-au-Prince (Haïti). In the first chapter, we implant a partial equilibrium model of chicken market in Cameroun, which clarifies the nature of earnings and economic losses consecutive to epening of borders. In the second chapter, we describe the methodology of investigation in both countries. The main results show that local flesh chicken and imported chicken present different attributes to which the consumers are sensitive. Whereas in Cameroon, the local flesh chicken and imported chicken present different attributes to which the consumers are sensitive. Whereas in Cameroon, the local flesh chicken breeding in semi-industrialized farms continues to be preferred and consumed by households with high income, in Haiti, this chicken has practically disappeared and the consumers have adopted the I mported chicken who proves to be more pratical and more accessible because it is sold by pieces. The chapter 3 introduces a bibliographic review of micro economic approaches of food consumption
Lubin, Irdèle. "Trajectoires d'enfants de la rue d'Haïti ayant bénéficié d'une intervention d'une ONG visant l'insertion sociale : que sont devenus ces enfants?" Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/19189.
Full textEtienne, Jean Odile. "Stratégies d’acteurs et logiques d’action dans la reconstruction Post-catastrophe de Port-au-Prince : approche par les vulnérabilités post-catastrophes." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 8, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA080082.
Full textThe main objective of this thesis is to address vulnerabilities as a dimension of fragility and socio-spatial precariousness and strategies developed with the aim of "coping". It highlights the situation of fragility and precariousness emerging and projecting in the territories of the Metropolitan Region of Port-au-Prince during the period of post-earthquake reconstruction and developing the notion of post-disaster vulnerability. By this notion we interpret the new forms of fragilities, inequalities and urban fragmentation through the study of the actions and strategies of the actors of the reconstruction.Therefore, the emphasis is on the explanatory weight of the action logics and the strategies of actors in the production of spaces of vulnerabilities in a context of post-disaster reconstruction. Thus, this thesis is in line with the French1 social geography by highlighting the socio-spatial inequalities, the process of relegation and marginalization that tend to widen throughout post-disaster reconstruction operations in Port -au-Prince
Fifi, Urbain. "Impacts des eaux pluviales urbaines sur les eaux souterraines dans les pays en développement : mécanismes de transfert des métaux lourds à travers un sol modèle de Port-au-Prince, Haïti." Lyon, INSA, 2010. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2010ISAL0122/these.pdf.
Full text[Direct infiltration of urban stormwater towards superficial formations in developing countries constitutes a contamination risk for both those formations and/or subjacent groundwater. This thesis was focused a round this environ mental issue in which we have studied the three heavy metals (Pb, Cu and Cd) reactivity du ring their transfer related to urban stormwater infiltration in the alluvial formations of the Cul-de-sac Plain in Port-au-Prince. A "model soil " from the area study, with grain size s 2 mm considered as the most reactive, have been used and subjected to metal ions solutions according two different experimental conditions : static (batch) and dynamic (column) experiments. Results from these experimental deviees highlighted the retention or release mechanisms of these metal ions in the pedological medium of Port-au-Prince. Results from batch studies have showed that the competition between two or several cations for the sa me active sites in soils can inhibit the ir sorption individually. Results from columns proved the reactive character of the soil sample for the three metal ions, where approximately 99, 94 and 92% respectively for Cd, Pb and Cu have been retained on the soil. The study of the interactions between metals and the soil sample using PHREEQC code have showed that metals precipitation in a carbonated (cerrusite and otavite) and hydroxides forms and the ion exchange reactions are strongly contributed to this retention. However, these metals can be released or remobilized in the soil related to an abrupt change of the acido-basic conditions of the porous media, then representing a pollution risk for groundwater. ]
Varrasso, Federico. "Représentations et croyances dans le vodou haïtien : approche filmique d'une communauté religieuse de Port-au-Prince." Thesis, Paris 10, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA100079.
Full textThe Haitian voodoo presents a profusion of practices and perceptible representations, symbolic ones, as material as corporeal. He influences the arts and the literature of a whole culture, well beyond the circle of his followers. If it is plural from origin, it was also collected and represented in a multiple way by his outer observers. Forged during a tempestuous history and present, its representation system seems to present a character at the same time persistent and permeable, connected to the faith itself. Through the analysis of worship images, a cinematic exploration conducted within a religious community of Port-au-Prince, and finally through a participatory experience of confrontation of the recorded images with the agents and film construction according to three different modalities, the study attempts to question the representation system of the followers and the relationship which it maintains with the faith. The research also tries to examine restitutions forms and specific visual anthropology tools applied to the study of symbolic representation systems and their dynamics
Nelson, Augustin. "Rapport(s) aux(x) savoir(s) scientifique(s), situations didactiques et modes d’interactions en salle de classe en Haïti- Étude exploratoire auprès d’élèves de la fin du secondaire de la zone métropolitaine de Port-au-Prince." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO20039/document.
Full textWe predict to better understanding the Haitian learning experience through the notions of its relationships with knowledge and how these relationships are built within the school system environment as a member of society leading up to the integration. This approach is based on individual students’ stories and statistical facts issued from sociological studies. On one hand, these stories and facts are been analyzed and interpreted within theoretical and academic frameworks developed by ESCOL (Charlot, Bautier, Rochex). On the other hand, they have been analyzed by Beillerot from a clinical perspective, and analyzed by Haydwe from a cultural standpoint. The socio-politic and economic situations have contributed to the complexity of the relationships between the learners and school environments. Consequently, teachers have endured difficulties to motivate students to learn meanwhile students have expressed desire to drop out from school given that academic success has not been sufficient to ensure a sustainable future to them. Nevertheless, Haitian parents, in spite of limited resources continue to invest in the education of their children. Herein, begin the idea of understanding what it means for young Haitians to attend school, to work or not, to learn and understand what they are being taught in school.Our central question: What are the influential factors within the relationships between the learners and Haitian school system? Our hypothesis: The motivation of a student to learn depends on intrinsic motivation; and the interaction between him or her and the school institutions trough interaction with teachers and administrative personnel.These issues are raised from the organization of the educative system through several institutions in assessment of the quality of instruction, relation with the school culture, questions on the importance of education, etc. We try to formulate the problem of the Haitian school system from a “positive model” of the learners’ circumstance. One of the findings, since knowledge is presented in bulk, those who do not have a "survival" strategy, are lost in the society frightening indifference
Renois, Gisandre. "État des lieux en matière de prévention de la drogue auprès des enfants de la rue de Port-au-Prince." Mémoire, 2007. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/4858/1/M9894.pdf.
Full textWatters, Jérémie. "Résilience des quartiers précaires de Port-au-Prince : une étude comparative." Mémoire, 2012. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/4910/1/M12528.pdf.
Full textEl, Mabchour Asma. "Obésité abdominale et autres déterminants du risque cardiométabolique dans deux populations urbaines noires apparentées : Port-au-Prince (Haïti) et Cotonou (Bénin)." Thèse, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/15982.
Full textObesity is recognized as a major public health problem. In the last decade abdominal obesity (AO) was considered as a metabolic disorder which further contributes to the risk of diabetes and cardiovascular disease than the general obesity defined by body mass index. However, in African origin population groups, the relationship between AO and other cardiometabolic risk (CMR) biomarkers remained unclear because of the lack of studies in these population groups and the lack of specific cut-off values to define AO. This study aimed to compare the prevalence of CMR biomarkers (OA, hypertension, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance and subclinical inflammation) in Beninese from Cotonou and Haitians from Port-au-Prince (PAP), to assess the association between AO and other CMR biomarkers in relation to Cotonou and PAP participants’ socioeconomic and lifestyle parameters and to define anthropometric indicators of AO -waist circumference (WC) and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR)- and specific thresholds that best predict the CMR in both Cotonou and PAP. The cross-sectional study included 452 apparently healthy adults (52 % men), aged 25-60 years, 200 subjects from Cotonou (Benin) and 252 subjects from PAP (Haiti). The CMR biomarkers were: the metabolic syndrome (MetS) according to the harmonized criteria of 2009, its individual components - AO defined by a WC ≥ 94cm in men and ≥ 80 cm in women, hypertension, dyslipidemia and hyperglycemia - Insulin resistance was set at the 75th centile of Homeostasis Model Assessment (HOMA-IR) for the whole sample of subjects. High atherogenicity index (total serum cholesterol/HDL-Cholesterol), subclinical inflammation according to high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) concentration between 3 to 10 mg/L was also assessed. WHtR from a cut-off point of 0.5 was also considered to assess AO. Data on dietary habits, alcohol consumption, tobacco, sociodemographic and socioeconomic status, including education level and a proxy of income (based on principal component analysis of property and possessions) were documented by a questionnaire. Dietary patterns were generated from Western, urban and traditional food frequency in each city by cluster analysis. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves were used to assess the performance of specific WC and WHtR cut-offs to predict the CMR. MetS was present in 21.5 % and 16.1 % of participants in Cotonou and PAP respectively. AO was higher in Cotonou (52.5 %) than in PAP (36 %) with higher prevalence in women than in men. The serum lipid profile was more atherogenic in PAP with 89.3 % of low HDL-C in PAP comparing to 79.7 % in Cotonou and high seum TC / HDL-C ratio of 73.4 % in PAP versus 42 % in Cotonou. The specific WC and WHtR cut-off values were respectively 94 cm and 0.59 in women and 80cm and 0.50 in men. Multivariate analysis of AO with the most prevalent CMR biomarkers in these two population groups showed that AO was associated with increased risk of insulin resistance, high atherogenic index and high blood pressure, irrespective of socioeconomic and lifestyle factors. Two dietary patterns were defined: transitional and traditional in each city, but these were not associated with the CMR biomarkers although they were related to socioeconomic variables. This study confirms the presence of several CMR biomarkers in apparently healthy subjects. Additionally, AO was a key element of the CMR in both population groups. However, current WC thresholds should be reconsidered in light of larger studies to better define AO among Black African groups, which will improve the epidemiological surveillance of the CMR biomarkers.
André, Marie-Kettlie. "Voyage au fond d'une reconstruction : tendances et contradictions au sein de différentes perspectives haïtiennes de Port-au-Prince et d'Arcahaie face aux programmes de reconstruction sociale et aux problèmes de transition." Mémoire, 1998. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/2774/1/M5873.pdf.
Full textThérasmé, Kelogue. "Dynamiques sociales et appropriation informelle des espaces publics dans les villes du Sud : le cas du centre-ville de Port-au-Prince." Thèse, 2011. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/4906/1/D2188.pdf.
Full textPierre-Val, Erick. "L’expérience vécue par les mères haïtiennes vivant à Port-au-Prince ayant donné leur enfant en adoption internationale." Thèse, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/11534.
Full textIn recent years, international adoption has become increasingly important worldwide, especially in Haiti. Each year, hundreds of children leave Haiti after being adopted. Since the 1990s, the number of adoptions is increasing. Yet, the majority of these children are not orphans or abandoned: these are the original families who bring their children to nurseries (orphanages). Therefore, it is of paramount to have the views of families who have lived this experience to understand the reasons that lead them to make such an important choice. The main objective of this research is to better understand the experience of Haitian mothers living in Port-au-Prince who have given their children for international adoption. More specifically, it is to understand the expectations and motivations of mothers facing the proposed adoption, the meaning they give to this project and how they lived this separation. To do this, 15 semi-structured interviews were conducted with mothers who gave their children up for adoption. The results of this study allowed us to understand the reasons why mothers give their children for adoption are varied and complex (problems of health, housing, employment, father absence, etc.). For the latter, the adoption may be considered as child welfare, a way to save the child from poverty or as a rescue solution. Moreover, when entrusting their children for adoption, mothers signed documents, of which they do not seem to know the contents. In addition, the lack of information on the future of the child and the pressure of society inducing mothers to feel regret, sadness, shame, fears, etc. Mothers also develop strategies to force orphanages or the Institute of Welfare and Research (IBESR) to inform them about the progress of their children. Besides the return of the child, the majority of mothers have physical and economic expectations for the child, the heads of orphanages and adoptive families.
Depi kèk ane adopsyon entènasyonal pa sispann kouri ak tout boulin nan lemonn patikilyèman nan peyi dAyiti. Chak ane genyen plizyè santèn timoun ki rive kite peyi dAyiti gras ak adopsyon entènasyonal. Fenomèn sa a ap vale teren nan peyi a depi nan ane katrevendis yo. Men majorite timoun yo pa ni ofelen ni abandone. Kidonk se paran yo menm ki mennen timoun yo nan krèch yo. Nan sans sa a li ta bon pou nou brase lide ak fanmi yo pou nou kapab rive konnen ki rezon ki pouse yo bay pitit yo nan adopsyon. Objektif etid sa a se rive konprann kijan manman k ap viv Pòtoprens ki bay timoun nan adopsyon viv eksperyans lan. Pou nou pi klè etid la ap chache konnen 1) ki atant ak motivasyon manman yo aprè yo fin bay pitit yo nan adopsyon 2) Ki siyifikasyon manman yo bay adopsyon an 3) kòman yo viv separasyon ak pitit yo. Nan sans sa a, nou te fè kenz entèvyou ak kenz manman ki te bay pitit yo nan adopsyon. Nan entèvyou manman yo te bannou, nou rive jwenn genyen anpil rezon ki fè yo bay pitit yo nan adopsyon. Pwoblèm lasante, kay, chomaj, papa ki kouri kite pitit nan manman yo elatriye se ansanm rezon sa yo patisipan yo bay. Pou manman yo lè yon moun bay yon timoun nan adopsyon se lavi l li sove, se nan malsite li retire timoun nan, se sèl chwa yon manman genyen. Lòt bagay etid sa a fè nou rive konprann se vre manman yo siyen kèk papye nan moman y ap bay pitit yo nan adopsyon men yo pa fin konprann sa yo siyen an. Nan sans sa a, enfòmasyon yo pa jwenn lè pitit yo fin pati kite peyi a ak jan sosyete a gade yo boulevèse manman yo anpil. Yo santi yo regrèt, tris, wont, epi yo pè tou pou timoun yo pa viktim move zak, eksplwatasyon elatriye., nan men fanmi adoptiv yo. Se pou tèt sa yo mobilize pou yo jwenn nouvèl pitit yo. Boutofen non selman y ap tann pitit yo retounen vin viv ak yo jan sa te ye men y ap tann tou kichòy nan men responsab krèch yo, fanmi adoptiv ak nan men pitit yo. Selon diskou manman yo, ta sanble atant sa yo makonnen ak yon bann pwomès kèk responsab krèch te fè yo avan adopsyon pitit yo.
Louis, Ilionor. "La capacité d'action collective des populations marginalisées dans le cadre des stratégies de lutte pour la reconnaissance : les cas de Cité de l'Éternel à Port-au-Prince (Haïti) et de la Sierra Santa Catarina (Mexico)." Thèse, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/6936.
Full textThis thesis analyzes the collective action of marginalized populations located respectively in Cité de l’Éternel» in Port-au-Prince (Haiti) and in « Sierra Santa Catarina », Iztapalapa (Mexico City). In Port-au-Prince, before the fall of the dictatorship of Duvalier, the “tontons macoutes” invaded a terrain located on the edge of the quay of the capital, close to the boulevard Harry Truman. After being installed there, they proceeded to sell of lots intended for the construction of private housing. But after the fall of Jean-Claude Duvalier, in 1986, a part of the population took the opportunity to invade what remained of these marshes. After the occupation, they organized collectively to defend their property before undertaking actions to bring services and to obtain the regularization of their situation. In the Sierra Santa Catarina (Mexico) populations led by militants of the Popular Front occupied ground at the foot of a sandy mountain in order to build their homes. Like the populations of «Cité de l’Éternel », these people organized to keep watch in order not to be evicted by the police. While working to gain access to the basic services, they undertake actions at the public institutions in order to obtain the regularization of their situation. In relation to the capacity for collective action of these populations, sociological theories are divided. On one side, certain authors support the thesis of the incapacity of these populations to have collective interests and to act consequently. According to them, without social mediation and without aggregation and a political representation, these populations are unable to acquire a collective subjectivity. Other authors think that at the basis of ties of friendship, family and vicinity, independently of their socio-economic situations, these populations can create strategies of subsistence and fight to find solutions that are individuals as well as collective. Concerning populations that invade territory to establish their homes, their actions are already a form of collective action. They are also involved in collective action either to bring basic services such as water and electricity, or to obtain public recognition of the invaded territories. This recognition implies not only the installation of regular services for the benefit of the population but also the granting to each owner of title. In the case of the Sierra Santa Catarina the actions undertaken with respect to public institutions, while in the case of Port-au-Prince, NGO’s or cooperation agencies are directly implicated. We cannot conclude that populations are unable to have a collective subjectivity and shared interests without an aggregation and a political representation. Starting from various bonds between the individuals, associations are created which make it possible to establish mediation between the populations and other organizations. In the case of the Sierra Santa Catarina, collective action is certainly instrumentalised by leaders. That is part of a political tradition in Mexico. Nevertheless, some settlements people manage to resist their leaders. A part from the socio-economic situation, the influence of certain leaders in Mexico and the indifference of the State (in the case of Port-au-Prince, in particular), these populations show an astonishing critical capacity with respect to their situation as well as their relations with the leaders of associations and the settlements. This suggests possibility for autonomous critical collective action where circumstances allow Keys words: marginalization, collective action, recognition, smartness, critical capacity, slums fragmented recognition, denial recognition
St-Paul, Rose-Anne. "Le chaos régulé : une approche épistémique de l’intervention humanitaire." Thèse, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/10001.
Full textThe main goal of this study is to compare two modes of international interventions (state and non-state) that have the objective of maintaining or restoring order and peace, economical and social development, for humanitarian reasons. In fact, the limit between state and non-state interventions is blurry. To avoid such conceptual confusion, the object of study is an ensemble of three historical moments of American intervention in Haiti. The study is divided in two points. First, it will help comprehend the logic of action of the American state during past interventions in Haiti, and define the implicit and explicit goals of these interventions. Secondly this study focuses on biopolitics in humanitarian intervention and the application of the theory of regulated chaos. Because this theory implies various conditions, it proposes a theoretical model that wishes to explain contemporary intervention as a new epistemic framework of political action, one of the « regulated chaos » (McFalls; Pandolfi; Nguyen). This study shifts the emphasis on the effective necessity of the humanitarian intervention to its properties. It is therefore a tentative to understand social experiences of power in a humanitarian zone such as Port-au-Prince.