Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Marchés publics – Aspect environnemental'
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Camozzi, Armel. "Recherche sur les contrats de la commande publique à objet de développement durable : contribution à l'évolution du droit de la commande publique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM1031.
Full textPublic procurement and contribution to sustainability come, seemingly, from two distinct logics. On one hand, public markets function to meet the needs of public citizens. On the other hand, contribution to sustainability is traditionally dependent on legal, and not contractual, acts. However, public citizens increasingly use public procurement contracts to affect public policy on sustainability.This research identifies this phenomenon and shows that these contracts relating to sustainability are similar to a modification of the function of public procurement. Subsequently, they become instruments of environmental and social action for public citizens. This major change in the function of public buying is reinforced by the communal directives on public markets dated 26th of February 2014 and is recorded in the renewed definition of the domestic market. The success of this evolution necessarily implies a need for it to be accompanied by a legal reform in order for the complete efficiency of this opening up of public procurement to sustainability policies to be reached. Furthermore, this research will show that this regeneration of public procurement goes further than sustainability and reaches more widely into the sphere of other public policies. The whole body of public procurement law is as such affected
Charouli, Angeliki. "Les considérations sociales et environnementales dans la passation des marchés publics." Thesis, Paris 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA010259.
Full textCamozzi, Armel. "Recherche sur les contrats de la commande publique à objet de développement durable : contribution à l'évolution du droit de la commande publique." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM1031.
Full textPublic procurement and contribution to sustainability come, seemingly, from two distinct logics. On one hand, public markets function to meet the needs of public citizens. On the other hand, contribution to sustainability is traditionally dependent on legal, and not contractual, acts. However, public citizens increasingly use public procurement contracts to affect public policy on sustainability.This research identifies this phenomenon and shows that these contracts relating to sustainability are similar to a modification of the function of public procurement. Subsequently, they become instruments of environmental and social action for public citizens. This major change in the function of public buying is reinforced by the communal directives on public markets dated 26th of February 2014 and is recorded in the renewed definition of the domestic market. The success of this evolution necessarily implies a need for it to be accompanied by a legal reform in order for the complete efficiency of this opening up of public procurement to sustainability policies to be reached. Furthermore, this research will show that this regeneration of public procurement goes further than sustainability and reaches more widely into the sphere of other public policies. The whole body of public procurement law is as such affected
Thomas, Lionel. "Incitations, incertitudes et marchés publics." Montpellier 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997MON10003.
Full textMaréchal, François. "Comportements d'offre dans les marchés publics." Besançon, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001BESA0004.
Full textThis thesis provides several essays on public procurement contracting. . .
Bui, Xuan-Hoi. "Dynamique des prix et des marchés internationaux des énergies fossiles : de l'enjeu actuel à la prise en compte des contraintes d'émission de long terme." Grenoble 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003GRE21009.
Full textDelvert, Karine. "Economie et déséconomies de l'information : l'information routière entre marchés incertains et services publics." Lyon 2, 2004. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2004/delvert_k.
Full textWithin the context of Intelligent Transport Systems, drivers'information systems are expected to bring significant social benefits in terms of traffic management and reduction of travel uncertainty. The development of private information service providers questions the underlying economic and business models for both the production and the provision of such information. Information being public in essence, its public nature could have it associated with provision by public authorities (being providers of a service to the public). However, such a model is questioned. Emerging technologies, markets, deregulation, public-private partnerships with information service providers induce other models, in which dependency onto public authorities can take various forms. Models based on so-called value-added information services are anchored on the individual value of the information provided to the driver-decision maker within the travel context he is confronted with. This work retrospectively examines both the empirical and the theoretical frameworks that preside over the development of economic and business models for drivers'information. It stresses the double-edged nature of information, as it works both as a tool for transport network management and as a basis for individual decision making. Private as well as public benefits - namely how far it impacts the network system performance - of information services are considered
Chalmeton, Hélène. "Préservation de l'environnement et travaux publics : difficultés pratiques et solutions juridiques." Nantes, 2007. https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01516923.
Full textThe state, guarantor of the general interest, has the duty to improve the quality of life of its citizens. By means of public works, new facilities can be built and entire districts can be connected to networks. Because of this, public works are protected by a specific set of laws. Although this protection is necessary, it has undesirable side effects : in fact, its execution is detrimental to environmental protection. Public authorities recently became aware of the lack of regulation in the sector of public works and have slowly taken steps to integrate the environmental concern into the law and the practice. But this integration remains incomplete to this day. The law has to be renewed to allow a more complete protection of the environment: at first, by re-evaluating the environmental laws in light of their insufficient application; then, by allowing the stakeholders of the public works to take initiatives that preserve the environment; by inciting them to protect the environment by updated economic mechanisms; finally, as a last resort, by punishing non-compliance with the law more severely. Indeed, only a rational and organized use of the various tools offered by the law will allow reconciling environmental protection with public works
Manenti, Olivier. "Le marché en droit des marchés publics : enjeux théoriques et perspectives analytiques." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM1000.
Full textThis research deals with how the French and the European public procurement laws integrate the economic analysis of contract. The theoretical approach is based on Law taken under the network theory. In a first point, the public contract is taken under the relation between the general definition of contract and the economic notion of exchange. The second point deals with the new public management theories and the public procurement contracts. In this point, It is examined how the choice of buying influences the organization of public agencies. The third and the fourth points deal with consequences of taking the public procurement contract as an economic action. It is discussed the relation between the public procurement law and the competition law; especially how the public procurement law is, in itself, a specialized competition law. This new evolution offers to French administrative judge, taken as the judge of all the administrative contracts, a way to become an economic judge
Sourisseau, Sylvain. "Recyclage vs extraction minière : concurrence, externalités environnementales et politiques publiques sur les marchés du fer et de l'acier." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLE016.
Full textIn addition to a solution for managing end-of-life products, recycling is also an alternative to the production of virgin raw materials. In this thesis, we are therefore wondering about this new form of competition that could potentially include recyclers, on a commodity market traditionally dominated by a mining oligopoly. To what extent can recyclers compete with mining firms and what are the effects on oligopoly? As a second line of research, we consider the differential of environmental externalities that exists between the two types of supply. We therefore include in our model a recycling subsidy and a tax on mining pollution, in response to the two market distortions: the non-competitive structure of mining extraction and the externalities that are associated with this activity. To give an empirical dimension to this thesis, we use the iron and steel industry. Prior to the analysis of the competition with recyclers, we carry out in Chapter 1, an analysis of the evolution of the markets of iron and steel following the demand shock since the year 2000. The concentration of the demand from Chinese steelmakers as well as the strategy put in place by the authorities from 2010, led to a new market structure of the world iron ore market: a thwarted monopsony.By focusing on the upstream value chain, Chapter 2 sets the theoretical framework for competition between mining firms and recyclers. Through a Cournot-Stackelberg model, we show that the market share of the mining sector increases with the degree of competition in this sector. Recyclers cannot significantly increase their market share if an efficient recycling technology is not associated with a high availability of waste. This dual condition is also necessary to ensure the reduction of the mining rent. In addition, we highlight the requirement of a minimum level of recycling technology for recyclers to enter the market.Taking into account the differential of environmental externalities in Chapter 3 strengthens the need for increasing the supply of secondary materials, with regard to its positive effect on social wellfare. For this purpose, the introduction of an environmental tax on mining extraction is less relevant than a subsidy for recycling. The tax reinforces the capacity constraint for recyclers, relies on a necessary assessment of mining pollution that is difficult to achieve for certain raw materials, and there are limits on its implementation which also seem to arise. On the other hand, the introduction of a recycling subsidy would have a significant impact on recyclers' market share and the necessary reduction of extraction-related damages. As we show, the difference in effects between the two policies is even stronger when the initial level of recycling is low.Finally, by focusing on a public policy based on the demand for materials rather than on supply, Chapter 4 highlights the weak incentive of the EU-ETS to reduce CO2 emissions from steelmakers, and therefore a potential increase of the secondary input instead of the virgin one. We also show how this climate policy interferes with the EU competition policy because it mainly benefits market leaders, to the detriment of the principle of free and undistorted competition prevailing in the EU market. More surprisingly, our results indicate that the market leader is the least efficient firm in the consumption of raw materials, considering the quantity of steel produced and the CO2 emissions generated. Conversely, the firm that seems to be the most efficient would also have been least favoured when free allowances were allocated from 2007 onwards
Paubel, Pascal. "Achats des produits du domaine pharmaceutique dans les établissements publics de santé : bilan au 30 novembre 2008 des réformes du code des marchés publics : de la tarification à l'activité et de la rétrocession." Lille 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LIL20002.
Full textFrench public hospitals use for all purchases (works, supplies, services) the rules of public contracts. These procedures were modified in 2001, 2004 and 2006, with consequences for practices of hospitals buyers. This work presents fundamentals principles of procedures for public contracts and the organization of purchases in french public hospitals. The consequences of all procedures described by the directory of 1th August 2006 are analysed for supply of medicines and medical devices. This work presents also different modes of financing for medicines and medical devices after the reform of payments by results and the reform for distribution of medicines to ambulatory patients. Analysis of consequences of these reforms for purchase of medicines is suggested at November 2008
Vlassopoulou, Chloé Anne. "La lutte contre la pollution atmospérique urbaine en France et en Grèce : définition des problèmes publics et changement de politique." Paris 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA020022.
Full textSourisseau, Sylvain. "Recyclage vs extraction minière : concurrence, externalités environnementales et politiques publiques sur les marchés du fer et de l'acier." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLE016/document.
Full textIn addition to a solution for managing end-of-life products, recycling is also an alternative to the production of virgin raw materials. In this thesis, we are therefore wondering about this new form of competition that could potentially include recyclers, on a commodity market traditionally dominated by a mining oligopoly. To what extent can recyclers compete with mining firms and what are the effects on oligopoly? As a second line of research, we consider the differential of environmental externalities that exists between the two types of supply. We therefore include in our model a recycling subsidy and a tax on mining pollution, in response to the two market distortions: the non-competitive structure of mining extraction and the externalities that are associated with this activity. To give an empirical dimension to this thesis, we use the iron and steel industry. Prior to the analysis of the competition with recyclers, we carry out in Chapter 1, an analysis of the evolution of the markets of iron and steel following the demand shock since the year 2000. The concentration of the demand from Chinese steelmakers as well as the strategy put in place by the authorities from 2010, led to a new market structure of the world iron ore market: a thwarted monopsony.By focusing on the upstream value chain, Chapter 2 sets the theoretical framework for competition between mining firms and recyclers. Through a Cournot-Stackelberg model, we show that the market share of the mining sector increases with the degree of competition in this sector. Recyclers cannot significantly increase their market share if an efficient recycling technology is not associated with a high availability of waste. This dual condition is also necessary to ensure the reduction of the mining rent. In addition, we highlight the requirement of a minimum level of recycling technology for recyclers to enter the market.Taking into account the differential of environmental externalities in Chapter 3 strengthens the need for increasing the supply of secondary materials, with regard to its positive effect on social wellfare. For this purpose, the introduction of an environmental tax on mining extraction is less relevant than a subsidy for recycling. The tax reinforces the capacity constraint for recyclers, relies on a necessary assessment of mining pollution that is difficult to achieve for certain raw materials, and there are limits on its implementation which also seem to arise. On the other hand, the introduction of a recycling subsidy would have a significant impact on recyclers' market share and the necessary reduction of extraction-related damages. As we show, the difference in effects between the two policies is even stronger when the initial level of recycling is low.Finally, by focusing on a public policy based on the demand for materials rather than on supply, Chapter 4 highlights the weak incentive of the EU-ETS to reduce CO2 emissions from steelmakers, and therefore a potential increase of the secondary input instead of the virgin one. We also show how this climate policy interferes with the EU competition policy because it mainly benefits market leaders, to the detriment of the principle of free and undistorted competition prevailing in the EU market. More surprisingly, our results indicate that the market leader is the least efficient firm in the consumption of raw materials, considering the quantity of steel produced and the CO$_2$ emissions generated. Conversely, the firm that seems to be the most efficient would also have been least favoured when free allowances were allocated from 2007 onwards
El, Moualy Sabine. "La nature en ville : comment les pratiques aménagistes s'adaptent en continu : étude à partir de cinq projets du Grand Ouest." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Rennes 2, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019REN20005.
Full textEnvironnemental awarness brings urban design to become more sustainable. One argument is that nature is a garantee of urban quality, with recognition of the need to préserve a green frame in the city. This issue is crutial to current debates on urban planning and design practices. Five case studies located in western french cities should enable the reader to better understand the place of nature in design process. How do the care of nature interacts with projects trough stakeholders? And which « matériality » and spatialization are we looking for? The question is analysed from three standpoints. First, the historical approach of the projects introduce the method. Then, we examine the language in the project documentation and with stakeholders’ testimonies. Finally, each neighborhoods is whatched ont he ground. Thanks to lexicometry, discourse analysis and geomatics engineering this Phd demonstrate the variety of possible final projects even if stakeholders were sharing similar ambitions at the beginning of the planning process. Taking care of nature depends on many factors wich directly impact the quality of urban design and nature in our cities
Gillot, Gaëlle. "Ces autres espaces. Les jardins publics dans les grandes villes du monde arabe : politiques et pratiques au Caire, à Rabat et à Damas." Phd thesis, Université François Rabelais - Tours, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00685241.
Full textDavid, Delcroix Valérie. "Dynamique des villes portuaires de la façade cantabrique : Avilés, Gijón, Santander, Bilbao et Pasajes." Bordeaux 3, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BOR30006.
Full textThe cantabrian coast streches from the rio eo to the bidassoa marking respectively the fronteer with galicia in the west and with the french basque region in the east. The cantabrian ports strech along these 700 kilometres of coast and are separated from the inland spain by the cantabrian cordillera. Along the centuries, these cities have organized and developped economic links with northern europeans cities. In the past, these trading ports concentrated on shipping, exporting mainly castillan wool. Little by little, they also started to take up mining, notably during the second half of the nineteenth century by exporting iron core to great britain. Nowadays, the cantabrian ports are wale equiped with essential assets which will enable them to take a leading role in the communication network and in the world of transport. The ports need to offer their customers links which will further traffic diversification. By developping links with other major ports on the atlantic coast they take on an active part in the will to create an european sphere of influence in the west at a time when eastern european countries are applying for membership of the european union. It is nevertheless important to acknoledge that as we are apporching the twenty first century the landscape around the cantabrian ports is scarred by a century of industrialisation. The now obsolete mining and chemical complexes are parts of the landscape. The rias cities and towns are faced with severe pollution problems. The central location of the industrial and coastal waste lands enables cities, notably the main ones like bilbao to undertake ambitions town planning. Smaller towns undertake smaller more specific projects. The interface between city and port witnesses this nex planning which aimq at improving communication and conviviality. Amongst the cantabrian ports bilbao has the largest industrial and coastal waste land. The nervion ria banks are the centre of ambitious projects. The ultimate ambition being to develop bilbao in order for it to become the most important trading port on the atlantic coast
Fam, Papa Gueye. "Marchés des matières premières agricoles et dynamique des cours : un réexamen par la financiarisation." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOUL2002.
Full textFaced with instability of agricultural commodities’ prices and its consequences especially for developing countries, the first part of this thesis is devoted to the presentation of food commodities’ prices, including recent developments with respect to the offering, taking into account the consequences of global warming and demand, as well as the importance of biofuels. It is also question to present the financialization of economies, and the doubts that take over the role of speculation on the futures markets or the implementation of monetary policies, on the spot prices observed on physical agricultural commodities markets. Following the advanced literature reflections and elements, the second part proceeds of two empirical studies, the first one focused on the impact of speculation about the financial futures markets on the underlying asset’s price (agricultural), while the second one examines the role of money markets through the capacities of the central banker to stabilize short-term interest rates. On this basis, conclusions but also future research are established due to the continuation of the economies financialization process
El, Moualy Sabine. "La nature en ville : comment les pratiques aménagistes s'adaptent en continu : étude à partir de cinq projets du Grand Ouest." Thesis, Rennes 2, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019REN20005/document.
Full textEnvironnemental awarness brings urban design to become more sustainable. One argument is that nature is a garantee of urban quality, with recognition of the need to préserve a green frame in the city. This issue is crutial to current debates on urban planning and design practices. Five case studies located in western french cities should enable the reader to better understand the place of nature in design process. How do the care of nature interacts with projects trough stakeholders? And which « matériality » and spatialization are we looking for? The question is analysed from three standpoints. First, the historical approach of the projects introduce the method. Then, we examine the language in the project documentation and with stakeholders’ testimonies. Finally, each neighborhoods is whatched ont he ground. Thanks to lexicometry, discourse analysis and geomatics engineering this Phd demonstrate the variety of possible final projects even if stakeholders were sharing similar ambitions at the beginning of the planning process. Taking care of nature depends on many factors wich directly impact the quality of urban design and nature in our cities
Hang, Thearonn. "Stratégie pour un tourisme durable au Cambodge : l'action des acteurs publics touristiques locaux au regard des ressources et compétences." Thesis, Nice, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016NICE0017/document.
Full textCurrent issues concerning the sustainable tourism in Cambodia based on the action of Local Tourism State Actors (LTSA) in terms of Resources and Competences, particularly defining the roles of the LTSA, are systematically explored in this research. The LTSA are the director of provincial or city tourism department who take a lead role in managing a localized tourism industry of the government. The central research question focuses on the “Strategy towards Sustainable Tourism in Cambodia, according to the perceptions of the LTSA”. In investigating to this context, the qualitative methods were used to collect primary data through in-depth interviews (semi-structured) with all the 25 LTSA. The data was further analyzed through a content analysis with a usage of NVivo10, a computer based program for coding or categorizing. The findings indicate that there are five main local challenges to Cambodia’s sustainable tourism: (1) Professional Tourism Skills and Qualifications, (2) Working Attitudes of Managers and Employees, (3) Tourism Law, Regulations, and Circulars, (4) Finances and Facilities, and (5) Public Tourism Awareness and Participation. These challenges can be broadly categorized as personal, institutional, and external problems; particularly related to the lack of financial resources, and especially human resources in regards to both quality and quantity of professional tourism officials. In order to effectively transcend sustainable tourism and local tourism management challenges, state actors play important roles. Firstly they have an internal managing role as a local manager, and secondly they have an external cooperating role which is closely defined as a local ambassador. Moreover, the state actor should strive for a third role: referred to as the personal advancing role. This is where the managers become a learner in order to improve personal skills and capacity based on experiential learning. Personal advancing roles can be further augmented through self-directed studies, workshops, seminars, training and education. As highlighted in the findings and discussion section, the quality of managing and cooperating roles of LTSA are heavily dependent on personal advancing roles. The role of LTSA has significant influence on sustainable tourism because the manager is the most central actor dealing directly with all relevant sustainable tourism stakeholders, especially for their contributions to the policy and decision making. Thus, the continuous advancement of qualifications, effectiveness and efficiency of LTSA in implementing their role is a priority and highly needed. State actors should focus on personal advancing roles to enhance managing and cooperating roles
Thiebaud, Jean-Christophe. "Restructuring railways in Europe : regulation to supplement market mechanisms." Thesis, Paris 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA01E007/document.
Full textIn an objective to revitalize the sector, railways in Europe have gone through changes in order to introduce competitive forces in an industry previous lydominated by state monopolies. Not unlike what occurred in other network industries, the upstream management of infrastructure -considered a natural monopoly- was separated from the downstream market of train services which was deemed contestable. But the experience from previous reforms shows that the markets stemming from this new organisation are made and don’t necessarily just happen.This dissertation preys on those changing times to analyse how such transition can be achieved. More specifically, it uses the framework developed by the Theory of the Firm to investigate some of the challenges that have risen to investigate some of the challenges that have risen from this new organisation due to vertical separation and the need to develop coordination. Then using the tools developed by Agency Theory, the dissertation investigates the introduction of tendering in public procurement for rail services.Throughout the analysis, an emphasis is put on finding how regulation can provide a remedy to the identified challenges. In chapter 1, we review how the reforms were designed in Europe. It highlights that there was very various applications across countries on several dimensions such as the vertical structure, regulation or downstream competition, triggering debates on the relative merits of each option.relative merits of each option.Furthermore this plurality questions the motivations behind these choices. And although those motivationsare brought up in the literature, the previous empirical studies do nottake them into account when comparing the relative performance of one form against the other. In such a case, endogeneity might come and biased the results of econometric regressions. Having constructed a database covering four years between 2009 and 2012 in 25 European countries we use a two-stageleast-square model to obtain an unbiased estimate of the effects of the abovementioned dimensions. In conclusion, we find that endogeneity does create abias, in particular when measuring the merits of full separation. Chapter 2 builds on the French rail sector’s example to shed the light on the crucial and understudied impact of coordination costs, one of the drawbacks arising with separation in the sector. We develop a model explaining why inefficient outcomes may arise in the railway sector when vertically separated firms have to commit ex ante on quantities. Our results indicate that credible and effective price regulation can overcome the limits of separation on the infrastructure side. On the other hand, if the market is not flexible enough, it may become harder, as the downstream market is becoming more competitive, for train operators to make optimistic production forecasts
Waisman, Henri. "Les politiques climatiques entre prix du carbone, rente pétrolière et dynamiques urbaines." Paris, EHESS, 2012. https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00799199.
Full textThis thesis investigates the effects of constraints imposed on economic interactions by limitations due to natural resources, among which oil and urban land play a curcial role in the context of climate change. These dimensions, often neglected in existing analyses, have an ambiguous effect since they suggest both the risk of enhanced costs if carbon limitations reinforce the sub-optimalities caused by pre-existing constraints, but also, conversely, the possibility of co-benefits if the climate policy helps to correct some pre-existing imperfections of socio-economic trajectories. To investigate this issue, an innovative modeling framework of the energy-economy interactions is elaborated that embarks the specificities of the deployment of oil production capacities and the issues related to the spatial organization in urban areas. We demonstrate that, beyond the carbon price, the costs of climate policy essentially depend on the sequencing of complementary measures, with a crucial role of spatial policy designed to control transport-related emissions through mobility
Fam, Papa Gueye. "Marchés des matières premières agricoles et dynamique des cours : un réexamen par la financiarisation." Thesis, Toulon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOUL2002/document.
Full textFaced with instability of agricultural commodities’ prices and its consequences especially for developing countries, the first part of this thesis is devoted to the presentation of food commodities’ prices, including recent developments with respect to the offering, taking into account the consequences of global warming and demand, as well as the importance of biofuels. It is also question to present the financialization of economies, and the doubts that take over the role of speculation on the futures markets or the implementation of monetary policies, on the spot prices observed on physical agricultural commodities markets. Following the advanced literature reflections and elements, the second part proceeds of two empirical studies, the first one focused on the impact of speculation about the financial futures markets on the underlying asset’s price (agricultural), while the second one examines the role of money markets through the capacities of the central banker to stabilize short-term interest rates. On this basis, conclusions but also future research are established due to the continuation of the economies financialization process
Branger, Frédéric. "Impact des politiques climatiques sur les industries énergie-intensives." Paris, EHESS, 2015. https://hal-enpc.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01179153.
Full textThis thesis contributes to the literature on carbon leakage and competitiveness losses in energy intensive industries generated by uneven climate policies. After a meta-analysis of modelling studies assessing carbon leakage with or without Border Carbon Adjustments; we use time series econometrics and find no evidence of competitiveness-driven operational leakage due to the European Union Emissions Trading System (EU ETS) for steel and cement. Next, we decompose emissions the European cement sector into seven effects with a Log Mean Divisia Index method, and show that most of the variations can be attributed to the activity effect. Abatement due to the EU ETS is estimated at around 2% between 2005 and 2012 while the amount of « overallocation profits » is assessed at 3. 5 billion euros. Further, we demonstrate that the cement industry strategically reacted to the introduction of a new rule supposed to reduce free allocation in low-producing installations. Companies artificially increased production in some plants, generating distortions going against the low carbon transformation in this sector. We finally discuss possible reforms in the EU ETS and advocate for output-based allocation in the short term
Charpin, Ariane. "Essays on decision theory and economic efficiency." Thesis, Paris 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA01E009/document.
Full textThis doctoral thesis focuses on two distinct themes: decision-making in situations of risk and economic efficiency. These two questions are treated in an empirical framework using unique databases. The first chapter tests the theoretical models of decision under risk on bets on horseraces to identify the theory that allows the best description of individuals’ choices. This chapter shows that behavioral theories of decision under risk (cumulative prospect theory and rank-dependent utility) are better suited to explain the behavior of bettors observed in the data than the expected utility theory. The second chapter estimates the effect of a merger between two large companies in the urban transport sector in France on their costs. The results show that the merger did not result in efficiency gains for the merging parties. This result can be understood in light of the context in which the merger was conducted, in particular the reasons for the choice of the target, the perception of customers and employees of the merger, the differences in culture between the companies and the operational preparation of the merger. The third chapter examines the impact of greater discretion in tendering procedures on the selection of operators, particularly their productivity. The main result is that the procedure that potentially increases the discretion of public purchasers leads to the selection of less efficient companies than a procedure involving little or no discretion. Further analyzes suggest that the result is due to the effect of greater discretion at the screening stage
Langlois, Barbara. "Incitations économiques pour la régulation de la fourniturede bouquets de services écosystémiques dans les agroécosystèmes." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLA010/document.
Full textAgroecosystems show a decline in regulating, non-marketed ecosystem services (ES). We interpret this decline through two economic concepts: public goods, which call for regulation, and joint production, which underlines the role of interactions among ecosystem services in their regulation.This thesis studies how to increase the provision of non-marketed ES through the implementation of economic incentives, while accounting for their multiplicity and the complex interactions among them.We first study the regulation of joint public goods with microeconomic theory. We then carry an applied analysis with simulated agroecological data and numerical methods to define cost-efficient solutions and simulate the implementation these solutions with economic incentives. We especially compare result-based and action-based incentives.We show theoretically that interactions among ES make their regulation more complex, especially with result-based incentives and when the production cost varies among bundles of ES. In the applied analysis, we show that accounting for the cost is crucial to maximise ES with a limited budget. We show that result-based incentives select cost-efficient bundles of ES but lead to higher policy budgets than action-based ones, due to interactions among ES. Eventually, we show that considering the landscape scale and heterogeneity plays on the solutions maximising ES, but not on the comparison between result-based and action-based incentives.Our results underline that agri-environmental policies need to target ES in a integrative way, at the farm or landscape scale, and consider the cost of providing non-marketed ES. Result-based incentives don’t solve all issues of agri-environmental policies
Roueff, Olivier. "Les échelles du plaisir : formes d'expérience et dispositifs d'appréciation du jazz : une enquête sur les transformations de la culture lettrée en France au vingtième siècle." Paris, EHESS, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007EHES0120.
Full textThe study is devoted to the categories of perception and evaluation of jazz music in France from the 1900s' to the 1990s'. Those are considered through frames of experience and material settings for appreciation in order to analyze the "production of the reception" of jazz. The formation of "jazz" is treated through the stabilization of classifications and of specific institutions, and through the reinvestments of so-called "(African) American rythm". The autonomisation of the field of jazz is studied through five processes: the emergence of a specific market, of specialized musicians and of independent gate-keepers, the enrôlement and disqualification of amateurs, and the domestication of audiences. The ethnography of two contemporary jazz-clubs leads to balance micro and macroanalysis, linking the order of aesthetical interactions with structural processes concerning public policies of culture, new models of cultural consumption, and the internationalization of musical markets
Tran, Hai Nam. "Contribution à la valorisation de l’eau dans les espaces urbains durables : l’exemple de Hà Nội (Việt Nam)." Thesis, Lille 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL10211.
Full textWater is the source of life and all the great civilizations were built around rivers. Water not only appears in all activities of human life, but also plays an important role in planning and sustainable development of the city. Hanoi is the capital of Viet Nam that was born from water. With over one thousand years of history, water spaces have been existed in the city with rivers that created the main system and the organic development of the city. Nowadays, rapid urbanization and poor management of the city has threaten all water surfaces in environmental aspects : embankments, flood, open sewers, abandoned wasteland areas. The aim of the research includes two aspects : identifying problems and the roles of residents who control the water surfaces to find out solutions to restore and to improve the value of water surfaces in Hanoi. This thesis also clarifies the role and enhances the value of water in the setting and development of Hanoi capital city, to prove the importance of water in the management and urban planning of Vietnam in general and in Hanoi in particular. In addition, this thesis proposes urban scenarios that can better integrate water surfaces in the sustainable urbanization. Finally, the research also confirmed the hypothesis that the water is able to participate in the establishment and strengthening of specific urban identity
Allik, Amel. "La construction de la crise environnementale. Thèmes, stratégies et représentations." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCA038.
Full textThis thesis focuses on the construction of the environmental crisis through the flow of environmental discourses. We define the environmental crisis as a range of physical, social and discursive manifestations that are related to the Environment. They are caused by the separation of Man and nature, a relationship that derives from the Hellenistic concept of phusis. These manifestations oscillate between disruptions and uncertainties on the one hand, and on the other, the research of solutions whose objective is to find a new balance. The environmental crisis is composed of a set of public problems, as well as of numerous issues that have yet to be problematized or publicized in the public sphere. Through the careful study of some of environmental crisis discourses, we were able to examine these public problems and non-publicized issues as a wholeness. We analyzed a corpus of French and international environmental law foundation texts and Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) reports, and reconstructed some of the contents of this crisis. As we had three research objectives, we combined three methods of analysis. The first, a quantitative method, allowed us to define the themes of the environmental crisis. The objective of the second, a qualitative discourse analysis method, was to identify and describe the different strategies used by the different issuers of both institutional texts and CSR reports. Finally, narrative and cultural semiotics facilitated the comprehension of the organization of environmental representations, by reconstructing the underlying narratives behind the environmental crisis discourses
Tran, Hai Nam. "Contribution à la valorisation de l’eau dans les espaces urbains durables : l’exemple de Hà Nội (Việt Nam)." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lille 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL10211.
Full textWater is the source of life and all the great civilizations were built around rivers. Water not only appears in all activities of human life, but also plays an important role in planning and sustainable development of the city. Hanoi is the capital of Viet Nam that was born from water. With over one thousand years of history, water spaces have been existed in the city with rivers that created the main system and the organic development of the city. Nowadays, rapid urbanization and poor management of the city has threaten all water surfaces in environmental aspects : embankments, flood, open sewers, abandoned wasteland areas. The aim of the research includes two aspects : identifying problems and the roles of residents who control the water surfaces to find out solutions to restore and to improve the value of water surfaces in Hanoi. This thesis also clarifies the role and enhances the value of water in the setting and development of Hanoi capital city, to prove the importance of water in the management and urban planning of Vietnam in general and in Hanoi in particular. In addition, this thesis proposes urban scenarios that can better integrate water surfaces in the sustainable urbanization. Finally, the research also confirmed the hypothesis that the water is able to participate in the establishment and strengthening of specific urban identity
Allik, Amel. "La construction de la crise environnementale. Thèmes, stratégies et représentations." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCA038.
Full textThis thesis focuses on the construction of the environmental crisis through the flow of environmental discourses. We define the environmental crisis as a range of physical, social and discursive manifestations that are related to the Environment. They are caused by the separation of Man and nature, a relationship that derives from the Hellenistic concept of phusis. These manifestations oscillate between disruptions and uncertainties on the one hand, and on the other, the research of solutions whose objective is to find a new balance. The environmental crisis is composed of a set of public problems, as well as of numerous issues that have yet to be problematized or publicized in the public sphere. Through the careful study of some of environmental crisis discourses, we were able to examine these public problems and non-publicized issues as a wholeness. We analyzed a corpus of French and international environmental law foundation texts and Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) reports, and reconstructed some of the contents of this crisis. As we had three research objectives, we combined three methods of analysis. The first, a quantitative method, allowed us to define the themes of the environmental crisis. The objective of the second, a qualitative discourse analysis method, was to identify and describe the different strategies used by the different issuers of both institutional texts and CSR reports. Finally, narrative and cultural semiotics facilitated the comprehension of the organization of environmental representations, by reconstructing the underlying narratives behind the environmental crisis discourses
Chicot, Julien. "Strategic use of public procurement for innovation : rationales, instruments and practices." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAE012/document.
Full textAn increasing number of OECD countries has adopted measures to encourage the use of public procurement to foster innovation. However, implementation of public procurement of innovation (PPI) is lagging behind policy discourse. The ambition of this dissertation is to address this discrepancy by assisting in the design of PPI initiatives, that is, by identifying the innovation-related failures that PPI can overcome, and the most appropriate policy instruments and practices for achieving this objective. We define eight PPI ideal-types according to the type of meso-level market of system failures they address. These failures can relate to users, producers or to their mutual interactions. We confront them with macro-level failures, and determine accordingly the contribution of each PPI ideal-type to distinct mission-oriented policies. Our typology provides a unified PPI framework associating their rationales with their design. Therefore, it contributes to policymaking, and to policy evaluation and analysis. Some PPI categories aim to spur innovation by stimulating the formation of markets. We employ an evolutionary approach to analyse the influence of PPI at the different stages of the dynamic process of market formation through a series of selected existing case studies. We demonstrate that PPI can underpin the different phases of knowledge coordination for market formation, by ensuring appropriate interactions between users and producers early in the public procurement procedure. The literature on private procurement nevertheless shows that early supplier involvement is subject to a number of micro-level failures having their root in procurement practices. Based on interviews with public procurers and suppliers, we identify relevant collaboration failures related to the standard PPI and competitive dialogue procedures. We highlight differences in these failures and their loci between the two procedures. Furthermore, public procurers and suppliers appear to have different perception of the causes of the failures they have encountered. Finally, our findings discuss the influence of the legal framework on PPI and suggest additional PPI procedures and strategies that are favoured by suppliers to varying extents. In sum, our research identifies innovation-related failures at different levels that PPI can resolve, and relevant instruments to help PPI initiative to achieve their objectives. Furthermore, it advocates a dynamic approach considering failures, instruments, and practices at different stages of public procurement procedures, and market formation and public procurer-supplier collaboration processes