Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Marées noires'
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Hay, Julien. "Analyse économique du système international CLC/FIPOL comme instrument de prévention des marées noires." Phd thesis, Université de Bretagne occidentale - Brest, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00422559.
Full textLes deux premiers chapitres établissent l'intérêt potentiel du régime international comme instrument de prévention des marées noires, l'un sur le plan théorique, l'autre sur le plan empirique. L'analyse de l'efficacité préventive du régime international consiste, d'une part, à apprécier la capacité du régime international à indemniser l'intégralité du coût social des marées noires (chapitre 3) et, d'autre part, à étudier les incitations fournies aux propriétaires de navires et aux compagnies pétrolières pour qu'ils adoptent des pratiques suffisamment sûres en matière gestion des risques pétroliers (chapitre 4 et 5). Le sixième chapitre ouvre le cadre d'analyse de l'efficacité préventive du régime CLC/FIPOL en étudiant les conséquences de l'élaboration collective du régime international sur sa fonction préventive.
Les résultats obtenus permettent d'identifier différents mécanismes par lesquels le pouvoir incitatif du régime international pourrait être accru. Cependant, les analyses conduites indiquent également que la fonction préventive du régime international est limitée par différents facteurs qui peuvent difficilement être corrigés au moyen d'une modification des conventions CLC et FIPOL.
Rigaud, Benoit. "La gouvernance européenne face aux marées noires : les changements des politiques de sécurité maritime après l'Erika et le Prestige." Thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2014/30540/30540.pdf.
Full textIn 1999 and 2002, oil spills caused by tankers Erika and Prestige have revealed the limits of self-regulation of the maritime industry. During the 2000s, the European institutions have responded to these policy failures by placing the problem of maritime safety among their top priorities. How to explain that such a « hard issue » has been set up to the European agenda while major decisions should be made, particularly concerning the enlargement and the constitutionalisation of the European Union? What are the results achieved thanks to these policy changes? By using process tracing, historical explanation highlights how the sequence of events (the wrecking of the Prestige when several post-Erika measures came into force) legitimised the strategy of the Prodi Commission dedicated to a better management of globalization. Given the insights of Ostrom’s work on Commons governance, coordination and polycentricity, adaptation is the key concept of the proposed analysis. Adaptation is a process by which credible commitments are taken and discrepancies between learning and redistributive activities are minimized. Comparing policy designs at the beginning and at the end of the 2000s shows the added value of a regulatory European agency, the European Maritime Safety Agency (EMSA), for increasing the adaptive capacity of a policy subsystem. During that period, agencification went with the creation of sophisticated monitoring tools, a more systematic use of evidences in the enforcement of European law, and generally speaking the strengthening of Member States’ implementation capabilities. In this transnational regulatory network, coordination results from sharing and discussing expertise.
Bouteloup, Claire. "Agir pour la reconnaissance du dommage écologique des marées noires : attachements, stratégies et justification. Cas de l'Amoco Cadiz et de l'Erika." Thesis, Paris, AgroParisTech, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AGPT0062/document.
Full textOver the last forty years, an oil tanker has sunk off the Brittany coast of France every five years on average. Each time, the ecological damage from the oil slick has mobilised huge numbers of people to volunteer and demonstrate, and generated public controversy and criticism of regulatory procedures. Although oil spills provoke evident impacts, neither the International Oil Pollution Compensation Funds (IOPC Funds) nor French Law recognise environmental detriment as a motif for financial compensation by the operators. The damages and pollution are taken into account firstly as economic and material losses, and secondly in terms of damage to biodiversity requiring habitat restoration actions. Critics highlight the feeble deterrent and the lack of incentive for maritime oil transporters to reduce risks: in relation to their profits the costs of an oil slick to them is regarded as derisory. These critics also call for recognition of ecological damages by the law. This would allow environmental pollution to incur economic and juridical responsibilities, and for environmental harm to require compensation.This research project looks at change processes leading to the recognition of ecological damage from oil slicks. We do not add to the existing substantial debate over the efficiency or interest of integrating environmental concerns into conduct rules and the legal system, nor evaluate different methods for doing do. Instead we study the realities of ecological damage, and analyse actions for change implemented by different actors to provoke their recognition. This analysis is based on two case studies: the oil slicks from the Amoco Cadiz (1978) and the Erika (1999).We explore an alternative and wider approach to understanding the harm caused by an oil slick, by considering that it damages multiple relationships between man and the environment. Using the concept of pragmatic sociology (Thévenot, “L’action au pluriel”, 2006) we reveal the multiple realities of ecological damage in terms of the relations between humans and nonhumans. These relations cannot be described in purely commercial nor ecological terms. Using a strategic analysis of environmental management (Mermet et al., 2005), we study how actors elaborate an action for change and how the action represents environmental damage. We look particularly at how the challenge of the action leads to certain choices when qualifying the damage to the courts.Thus, the study proposes new information on ecological damage, allowing the definition to be renewed (theoretical interest). By examining ecological damage in terms of harm to human – nonhuman relations, it provides an interesting support for new forms of justification in the public arena, and promotes legal recognition of ecological damage (operational interest). Finally, the study brings together, and shows to be complementary, two conceptual frameworks hereto unarticulated in human sciences. The study reveals the multiple individual and collective realities of environmental dynamics, and thus allows a richer understanding of the implementation of an action for change than a standard analysis of collective action (Cefai, 2007)
Siavochian, Soheila. "La prévention des pollutions marines accidentelles par les hydrocarbures dans le cadre européen et la lutte contre les marées noires en Manche." Nantes, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988NANTA002.
Full textGardaix, Julien. "Géopolitique et risques de marée noire en Europe." Bordeaux 3, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009BOR30087.
Full textOil spills in Europe have a particular visibility. Hydrocarbons pollution, spectacular and publicized, modifies the landscape in a brown color. Emotions are high and risks are nowadays unbearable. The European situation in the early 2000s provoked changes: social mobilization has forced political authorities to deal with these problems. Still, oil trades are essentials, they are one of the many “invisible” uses of oceans. All attention is concentrated to these areas because they provide most of hydrocarbon streams and became the way to expand economic globalization. In this network, the oil shipping has undergone an original and historical sedimentation. The oil industry was shaped by multiple shocks that changed the ownership of the resource. More than a banal ship accident, disasters have sophisticated political and economic causalities. This evolution affects the structure of oil shipping and the oil spills risks. With the establishment of markets, financial actors are inserted on the activity of shipping, a sector voluntarily abandoned by companies and oil states. The rejection of the fleet is the result of deliberate strategies. The international and European laws attempt to limit the negative effects of an unbalanced economic construction. The spatialization of these phenomenons highlights the marginalization of shipping and oil spills risks, despite the widespread use of coastal and marine areas
Benoit, Laurent. "British Petroleum America et la marée noire : cartographie stratégique de crise." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/19870.
Full textGiroldo, Ramiro. "Alteridade à margem: estudo de As Noites Marcianas, de Fausto Cunha." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8149/tde-09012013-144133/.
Full textThis work focuses on the anthology As Noites Marcianas (1960), by Fausto Cunha. The short stories will be read as an attempt to deal with, in the aesthetic dimension, tensions between the literary works acknowledged by the literary canon and those which are not. There\'s interest in addressing the generic categorization that fits the anthology as a form of alterity, on the margins of the literature officially accepted as such. To evaluate the option for a genre filiation to science fiction in short-stories that, thematically, seem to cast a negative look to the uniformization of the individual as promoted by the dominant forces, this work uses propositions by Darko Suvin about the subversive potential of the science fiction and about the co-optation by the cultural industry of literary manifestations originally capable of questioning the parametres of the officially endorsed literature. The concept of otherness will be discussed in connection with the familiarly strange, the unheimlich effect proposed by Sigmund Freud. In the light of propositions by Florestan Fernandes in Mudanças Sociais no Brasil, the work will evaluate how As Noites Marcianas deals with conservative instances as well as the forces which try to subvert them.
MALET, Jean-Philippe. "Les ‘glissements de type écoulement' dans les marnes noires des Alpes du Sud. Morphologie, fonctionnement et modélisation hydro-mécanique." Phd thesis, Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00010298.
Full textMalet, Jean-Philippe. "Les glissements de type écoulement dans les marnes noires des Alpes du Sud : Morphologie, fonctionnement et modélisation hydro-mécanique." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2003. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2003/MALET_Jean-Philippe_2003.pdf.
Full textLuminet, Jean-Pierre. "Effets de marée : rupture explosive d’étoiles par un trou noir géant." Paris 7, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA077061.
Full textBenhaïm, Sarah. "Aux marges du bruit. Une étude de la musique noise et du Do it Yourself." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEH140/document.
Full textAlthough noise music has only recently become an object of interest for academic research, it still represents a form of art emblematic of the underground music scene. It is characterized by a radical approach which implies using noise as work material, playing with form and development, and hybridizing its stylistic territories. This approach is reflected by playing practices in which the emphasis is no longer laid on the supremacy of instruments and composition, but rather on playful and makeshift experimentation. Musical quality is not assessed on the artist’s technical skills anymore, while the listening conditions call for a specific implication of both body and environment. The practices of production, organization, and diffusion of music, borrowing from the éthos of DIY, place autonomy, versatility, and amateurism at the heart of this art world. This PhD research, based on musical analyses, press archives, field surveys, topographies, and an ethnographic study of the Parisian scene, proposes an interdisciplinary approach marked by musicology, aesthetics, and social sciences. Its aim is to question the way noise music and its specific social practices challenge the manner in which we conventionally apprehend what we consider as music, and even “good” music, the image of the musician, the artistic intermediaries or the stage, in light of what seems to constitute a new contemporary paradigm of experimentation
Bâcle, Anne-Lise. "Le polar français ou les marges du roman noir (1970-1985)." Paris 3, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA030113.
Full textWilson, Laurie Christine. "Representation of the années noires and the evolution of memory in postwar French literature /." view abstract or download file of text, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/uoregon/fullcit?p3035578.
Full textTypescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 209-217). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.
Willemez, Alix. "Exploitation durable des ressources énergétiques et minérales marines : aspects juridiques." Thesis, Paris 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA01D016/document.
Full textThe exploitation of terrestrial energy and mineral resources is limited by the rapid increase of the world's population. It was only after the Second World War that States realised that they had to control the ocean in order to extract its resources. 1982 marks the adoption of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea. The maritime are: was then divided into zones, over which coastal States most often had rights. This division allowed for a better exploitation of maritime resources. In the territorial sea, for example, States could set up electricity production systems from renewable sources. Further, in the exclusive economic zone, States could allow the exploration and exploitation of hydrocarbons. Finally, on the continental shelf, the evolution of technology will soon allow us to exploit marine mineral resources. The central question is whether it is possible to exploit these resources in a sustainable way without destroying the marine environment. The protection of the environment cannot exist without a strong and applied legislation. It must be a bulwark against the actions of companies or States that have little regard for the long-term impact of their actions. The ocean, immense, with invisible and mysterious bottoms, is vulnerable. Its protection can only take place when the general public, States and companies understand its importance for the survival of Humanity. It is the duty of the men and women of law to render this protection effective
Gillet, Hervé. "La stratigraphie tertiaire et la surface d'érosion messinienne sur les marges occidentales de la mer Noire : stratigraphie sismique haute résolution." Brest, 2004. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00008594.
Full textThe Tertiary paleogeographic evolution of the Black Sea, within the paratethys realm, was characterised by several periodic isolation episodes. The eutatic responses of the Black Sea to these de-connexions, and particularly those related to the Mediterranean Messinian crisis, are still not clearly established. The high resolution seismic stratigraphy study we present is based on interpretation of multichanel HR seismic data correlated with drillings recovered on the occidental Black Sea margin. Our investigations were concentrated on the identification of erosional surfaces, interpreted as markers of eustatic falls, linked to the basin isolation phases. On the Romano-Ukrainian shelf, the seismic profiles display six major discontinuities regarded as Tertiary erosional surfaces : (1) the surfaces underlined at the base of the Eocene (E), at the base of the Oligocene (O), in the Middle Miocene (M) and at the base of the Pontian (P); (2) and two intra-Pontian erosional unconformities (L. IPU and IPU). On the other hand, the Messinian erosional surface was clearly identified on the Bulgaro-Turckish margin. Recent correlation between the Paratethysian and Mediterranean stratigraphic scale suggest that the IPU surface recognised on the Romano-Ukrainian shelf is equivalent to the Messinian erosional surface. Among the five ante-Messinian erosional surfaces described, we interpret the M surface as the signature of a catastrophic sea level fall related to the Upper Burdigalian isolation phase. We propose that the four other surfaces correspond either to submarine erosion episodes, or to transgressive events. The discovery of the Messinian erosional surface in Black Sea constituting the major result of this study, enables to validate the assomption about the Messinian Dessiccation of the Black Sea [Hsü and Giovanoli, 1979]
Schmutz, Myriam. "Apport des methodes geophysiques a la connaissance des glissements-coulees developpes dans les marnes noires. Application a super sauze (alpes de haute provence, france)." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000STR1GE07.
Full textThomas, Guillaume. "Tests de la matière noire et de gravitations alternatives avec les courants de marée stellaires de la Voie Lactée." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017STRAE030.
Full textDuring this thesis, we explored the impact of a modification of the gravitation on the tidal streams. We made the first N-body simulations of the formation of a galactic tidal stream in the MOND paradigm. We compared the results obtained with the predictions of the standard model of the cosmology, ΛCMD, with the aim of finding differences between them that can be observed. We have noticed that the break of the strong equivalence principle generated by a such modification of the gravitation led to a lopsided morphology of the globular clusters, contrary to their elliptical shape in Newtonian dynamics. This morphology of the cluster also generates an asymmetry of length and of number between the two arms of a tidal stream similar to that observed recently in the Palomar 5 stream
GILLET, Hervé. "La stratigraphie tertiaire et la surface d'érosion messinienne sur les marges occidentales de la mer Noire: stratigraphie sismique haute résolution." Phd thesis, Université de Bretagne occidentale - Brest, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00008594.
Full textGillet, Hervé Rehault Jean-Pierre. "La stratigraphie tertiaire et la surface d'érosion messinienne sur les marges occidentales de la mer Noire stratigraphie sismique haute résolution /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2004. http://tel.ccsd.cnrs.fr/docs/00/04/77/79/PDF/tel-00008594.pdf.
Full textRoux, Servan-Schreiber Camille. "Les mutations post-soviétiques des pays de l'isthme mer Baltique-mer Noire : marges d'empires, confins du Vieux Continent ou puissances régionales?" Paris 4, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA040084.
Full textThe continuous swing of the Baltic Sea – Black Sea isthmus between contact zone and conflict zone has constrained this area into a “crush zone” existence. For centuries, caught in the middle of the Russian-Polish antagonism, the isthmus remained an ambiguous frontier always in flux. Since the end of the Cold War however, these territories no longer wish to be a “sanitary cord” between East and West. The desire for national affirmation and international recognition began with a rejection of the Russo-Soviet influence. The two essential forces contributing to the reshaping of these territories since 1991 were identity building on the one hand, and the community build-up on the other hand (EU/OSCE), all in the context dominated by desovietisation. The strategic evolution of these countries can only be understood with an analysis of the complex links between perceptions, identities and security issues. The dynamic of reshuffling is most critically located at the sub-regional level, drawing a new map of inter-dependencies (energetic, transport, economic and migratory). The great territory stretching from the Baltic Sea to the Black Sea as it existed in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania has not re-emerged, due to the split of this territory into two groups belonging to distinct geopolitical structures: in the North the three Baltic states have joined the EU and NATO, whereas Ukraine and Belarus belong to the CIS and are only considered as EU “neighbours”. The isthmus contains intriguing geopolitical characteristics, containing the neighbouring and overlapping of two major political blocs. It remains a critical juncture and bridge between two worlds: the European Union and the Community of Independent States
Siavochian, Soheila. "La Prévention des pollutions marines accidentelles par les hydrocarbures dans le cadre européen et la lutte contre les marées noires en Manche." Lille 3 : ANRT, 1989. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37618595d.
Full textJesus, Eliana Maria de. "Estratégias conversacionais na interação de Dois perdidos numa noite suja, de Plínio Marcos." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2007. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/14475.
Full textSecretaria do Estado e Educação
From the theme Estratégias conversacionais na interação de Dois perdidos numa noite suja , de Plínio Marcos, this research puts in matter questions related to verbal interactions, particularly, the ones that are related to the conversational strategy, specificaly, the preservation of the face, frame and footing, as an attempt to the approaching of the dialogues of a literary work to the ideal models of the conversational strategy typical of the interation face to face. We have chosen for the accomplishment of our study one literary corpus, specified, a theatrical text, because the dialogues analised retract the spontaneity of the language. In this reaserch, we stand by theorically, in Analysis of the Conversation in a socialinteractionist perspective. We observed the mechanisms employed to formulate/reformulate the strategies adopted during the development of the conversational interaction. We ve found out, as defend Tannen, Lakoff and Preti, that the dialogue of fiction presents, in fact, a fertile material for the linguistics studies related to the oral language
A partir do tema Estratégias conversacionais na interação de Dois perdidos numa noite suja, de Plínio Marcos , esta pesquisa coloca em pauta questões relativas às interações verbais, particularmente, as que se referem às estratégias conversacionais, especificamente, a preservação da face, frame e footing, na tentativa de aproximação dos diálogos de um texto literário aos modelos ideais de estratégias conversacionais próprios da interação face a face. Escolhemos para a realização dos nossos estudos um corpus literário, especificamente um texto teatral, por acreditarmos que os diálogos analisados retratam a espontaneidade da linguagem. Consideramos nos exemplos selecionados para a análise, não apenas os aspectos relacionados à identidade social das personagens, mas também as características da situação de comunicação em que os diálogos ocorrem Nesta pesquisa, apoiamo-nos teoricamente, na Análise da Conversação na perspectiva sociointeracionista. Buscamos observar os mecanismos empregados para se formular/reformular as estratégias adotadas durante o desenvolvimento da interação conversacional. Constatamos, tal como defendem Tannen, Lakoff e Preti, que o diálogo de ficção apresenta, de fato, um material fértil para os estudos lingüísticos voltados à língua oral
Marinho, Letícia Morales Wanderley. "As estratégias conversacionais no diálogo construído de Plínio Marcos, Dois perdidos numa noite suja." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2006. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/14385.
Full textThis work has the intention of identifying the strategies used by the characters of a constructed dialog. The selected corpus contains dialogs between characters from the play of playwright Plínio Marcos, Dois perdidos numa noite suja (Both lost in a dirty night). Here we pointed in the dialogs the conversational schemas that the caracthers use to interact with their in the most diversified conversational situations. Dois perdidos numa noite suja (Both lost in a dirty night) is a play fiction, elaborated with devices from spoken language. The text show two characters life that have fiwest economic resorces, have suffers with the social differences and live a life in a hostile way. To highlight the feelings like rebilion, non-conformism and hate, that the characthers fiils the author employs devices that produce effects bringing the fictional text closer to reality. By the selects dialogs, we can to confirm how the literary dialogs can offer expressive examples of interaction, like it happens in a natural conversation
Este trabalho tem por objetivo identificar as estratégias conversacionais utilizadas pelas personagens do diálogo de ficção. O corpus selecionado contém diálogos retirados da peça de Plínio Marcos, Dois perdidos numa noite suja, onde destacamos os esquemas conversacionais que as personagens utilizam para interagirem nas mais variadas situações comunicativas. Dois perdidos numa noite suja é uma obra ficcional em que os diálogos foram construídos com recursos da língua oral. O texto retrata a vida de duas personagens com poucos recursos financeiros, que sofrem com as diferenças sociais e vivem em um ambiente hostil. Para realçar o sentimento de revolta, inconformismo e o ódio que as personagens sentem, o autor utiliza recursos lingüísticos que aproxima o texto ficcional da realidade, dando maior ênfase as emoções. Assim, por meio dos diálogos selecionados, podemos afirmar que os diálogos de ficção podem fornecer-nos exemplos expressivos de interação, aproximando-se de uma conversação natural
Salgueiro, José Estevam. "O trabalho e o trabalhador na dramaturgia de Plínio Marcos: Dois perdidos numa noite suja." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2013. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/17021.
Full textThis study seeks to identify and analyze what senses and meanings concerning the issue labor and worker are present in Plinio Marco s play Two lost in a dirty night (1966), based on the hypothesis that, through the political and social characteristics of the author s work, the issue of labor/worker constitutes one of the central dramatic cores of this text. The choice of the author and text is due to its historical and aesthetic importance in the universe of the Brazilian dramaturgy: the protagonists are outcast characters from the Brazilian society. This study discusses the relation among work, author and audience, choosing to focus on the analysis of the work (text), as proposed by the analytical objective method created by Vigotski, building scenic units which allows its application. The study also presents reflections on the relation between Art and History, Psychology and Politics. In a particular chapter it addresses the theatrical context at the time of the premiere of the text, aiming at characterizing the audience that received and echoed it. The results obtained prove the initial hypothesis, demonstrating the centrality of the issue labor / worker in the dramatic composition of the text
Este estudo busca identificar e analisar quais os sentidos e significados acerca do trabalho e do trabalhador estão presentes no texto Dois perdidos numa noite suja, (1966) de Plínio Marcos, partindo da hipótese de que, pelas características políticas e sociais desta obra, a questão do trabalho/trabalhador compõe um dos núcleos dramáticos centrais da obra. A escolha do autor e do texto se deve a sua importância histórica e estética no universo da dramaturgia brasileira: os protagonistas são personagens marginalizados da sociedade brasileira. O estudo discute a relação entre obra-autor-público, optando por centra-se na análise da obra (texto), conforme a proposta do método objetivo analítico elaborado por Vigotski, recorrendo à construção de unidades cênicas que permitam a sua aplicação. O estudo apresenta, também, reflexões sobre a relação da Arte com a História, com a Psicologia e com a Política. Em capítulo específico, aborda o contexto teatral da época da estreia do texto, com o intuito de caracterizar o público que o recebeu e ecoou. Os resultados obtidos comprovam a hipótese inicial, já que demonstram a centralidade do trabalho/trabalhador na composição dramática do texto
Augusti, Alexandre Rossato. "Cinema noir: as marcas da morte e do hedonismo na atualização do gênero." Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10923/2230.
Full textIt is a rich supply of possibilities for study on noir film, even considering the lack of research in the country about it. Thus, this study aims to understand the context of noir film, considering to update the genre and based on its constitution, on the one hand supported by death, violence and crime, and secondly, hedonism and the femme fatale. It is intended as a further check up to contextualizes the film called neonoir point, as of theoretical orientations (using authors like James Ellroy; Heredero Carlos and Antonio Santamarina; Alain Silver and James Ursini; Luiz Nazario; and Marcia Ortegosa) and analysis of proposals, the possibilities of considering the continuity of noir film, as a classic noir film. From the methodological support of film analysis, based mainly on Aumont and Marie (2004), and Vanoye and Goliot-Lété (1994) proposed that the analysis of the movies The maltese falcon (John Huston, 1941), Gilda (Charles Vidor, 1946), Chinatown (Roman Polanski, 1974) and Lost highway (David Lynch, 1997). Among the key findings, indicates that noir can be considered both contemporaneously through what is usually called neonoir - when taking into account a wealth of information on rearranged noir movies upgraded according to technology, culture, politics, and that still may belong to other genres - such as through a spread less classifiable, in which some elements are realized in several movies, which are not identified as neonoir.
Encontra-se uma rica oferta de possibilidades de estudo a respeito do cinema noir, considerando-se inclusive a escassez de pesquisas no país a seu respeito. Dessa forma, este estudo propõe compreender a contextualização do cinema noir, considerando a possibilidade de atualização do gênero e tendo por base sua constituição, por um lado amparada pela morte, a violência e o crime e, por outro, pelo hedonismo e a figura da femme fatale. Pretende-se verificar ainda como se contextualiza o cinema chamado neonoir e apontar, a partir das orientações teóricas (utilizando-se autores como James Ellroy; Carlos Heredero e Antônio Santamarina; Alain Silver e James Ursini; Luiz Nazário; e Marcia Ortegosa) e de análise propostas, as possibilidades de se considerar o cinema neonoir como continuidade do cinema noir clássico.A partir do suporte metodológico da análise fílmica, com base principalmente em Aumont e Marie (2004), e Vanoye e Goliot-Lété (1994), propõe-se a análise dos filmes Relíquia macabra (The maltese falcon – John Huston, 1941), Gilda (Charles Vidor, 1946), Chinatown (Roman Polanski, 1974) e Estrada perdida (Lost highway – David Lynch, 1997). Dentre as principais conclusões, indica-se que o noir pode tanto ser considerado contemporaneamente através do que se convenciona chamar neonoir – ao se levar em conta uma riqueza de elementos noir rearranjados em filmes atualizados de acordo com a tecnologia, a cultura, a política, e que mesmo assim podem pertencer a outros gêneros –, como através de uma disseminação menos classificável, em que alguns elementos são percebidos em filmes diversos, que eventualmente não são identificados como neonoir.
Perdu, Vanessa. "Ecrire dans les marges : (r)évolutions de la nouvelle centraméricaine contemporaine (1970-2000)." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0146.
Full textIf Central American literature seems to be emerging from the ghetto it has been confined to until recently, its writers don’t equally benefit from this improvement of the isthmus’ cultural practices’ visibility. Starting from the study of the short-story or cuento, a literary genre widely developed in Central America, our research seeks to identify the multiple intra and extratextual processes which allow discerning a coherent whole inside different productions from marginalized writers, a whole that could be identified as a writing of the margins. Through a regional and transnational approach, we analyse the historical marginalization of indigenous and afro-descendant populations as well a women, before gazing at the transfer of this marginalization from reality to fiction in the literary texts. Afterwards, we take an interest in the evolution of the literary representations of these marginalized groups, allowed by the (r)evolutions of the Central American societies, relying on the confrontation between a pre-corpus of short-stories that recount the representations of the alterity from the outside, and a corpus made of eight collections of short-stories by writers coming from these marginalized groups. Finally, we observe through these collections by the Panamanian Moravia Ochoa, the Afro-Costa-Rican Quince Duncan, the Guatemalan Kaqchikel Luis de Lión, the Belizean Garifuna Zoila Ellis, the Salvadoran Jacinta Escudos, the Nicaraguan Marisela Quintana, the Honduran Lety Elvir, and the Guatemalan K’iche’ Humberto Ak’abal, how this coherent whole of writings of the margins causes a destabilization of the literary canon by trembling or even inverting its hegemonic values
Strechie-Sliwinski, Claudia. "Enregistrement sédimentaire des changements environnementaux récents dans la zone Nord-Ouest de la Mer Noire." Paris 11, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA112178.
Full textThe purpose of this study is to investigate the processes and the recent environmental changes stored in the sediments from the North-Western part of the Black Sea in the last 30,000 years. We used sedimentary cores extracted from water depths ranging from 55 to 2100 m. In order to obtain information about the depositional environment and the chronology of the events, we used different methods: clay mineralogy analysis, sedimentology, environmental magnetism, organic matter characteristics and AMS radiocarbon chronology. Radiocarbon dating of the organic matter and fossil shells was used to obtain a precise chronology of the past events. It was difficult to correct the 14C data, because of the differences between the ages of organic matter and shells that varied significantly from one sample to another. This difficulty comes from the fact that the Black Sea basin contained in some periods oxygenated fresh water and in some periods stratified salty water. The correlation between the 14C data and the carbonate content allowed us to set up a chronology of the sediments. The clay mineralogy pointed out that the sediments containing smectite were carried into the basin mainly from the North and not from the South of the drainage basin, as previous studies indicated. The environmental magnetism study helped us to determine the significant variations in the oxygenation of the sediment and of the water column (i. E. , changes between oxygenated and anoxic conditions). The magnetism study together with the organic matter characteristics also indicates changes in the salinity of the water. Our study reveals the environmental changes that have occurred during the last 30,000 years
Amat-Bronnert, Agnès. "Utilisation et validation des adduits à l'ADN comme biomarqueurs pour le suivi d'une pollution environnementale : Cas de la marée noire de l'Erika (Décembre 1999, France)." Toulouse, INPT, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004INPT003A.
Full textAinamon, Augustin. "Les nationalistes Noirs américains et l'Afrique : continuité et changement, avec référence particulière à W.E.B. Du Bois, Marcus Garvey et Claude McKay." Tours, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000TOUR2011.
Full textAlmeida, Alcione Gomes de. "A ESTÉTICA DE PLÍNIO MARCOS EVIDENCIADA EM DOIS PERDIDOS NUMA NOITE SUJA, NAVALHA NA CARNE E BALADA DE UM PALHAÇO." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás, 2016. http://localhost:8080/tede/handle/tede/3252.
Full textThis dissertation presents an interpretive and comparative study of the theater performances Dois Perdidos Numa Noite Suja, Navalha na Carne and Balada de um Palhaço, from Plínio Marcos. The main objective is to highlight the uniqueness of aesthetic creation performed by the author, as well as its importance in the Brazilian theatrical scene in plans of content and form. It is observed that the proposed analysis assumes that the works raise distinct ontological and universal issues on the humanity, sometimes half hidden in the textual surface of prosaic appearance. Thus, it is appropriate to deal with aspects that enable interaction with Plinian artistic production, such as the ease of language, composition of characters and texture conflict. Individual examination of the dramatic text is followed by a more specific comparison between them in order to better highlight its characteristics, composed of similarities and differences, which in different ways express immeasurable artistic quality. This the research follows the deductive nature of methodology, bibliographic and documentary, in which the theoretical support account: with articles published at the time of presentation of the parts of Plinio Marcos; theoretical scope of literature and theater, among them: Artaud (1999), Bakhtin (1981, 2002, 2003), Bonfitto (2002), Bornheim (2007) Dort (2010), Magaldi (1994), Nietzsche (1994), Prado (2001), Rosenfeld (1982, 1985, 2008), Szondi (2001), Virmaux (1978). It should be noted the incidence of the theoretical concepts in the analysis of the object of the research parts, which is founded by the fabric of the dramatic text, because it includes not here to study the staging of the shows.
Esta dissertação apresenta um estudo interpretativo e comparativo das peças Dois Perdidos Numa Noite Suja, Navalha na Carne e Balada de um Palhaço, de Plínio Marcos. O objetivo principal é evidenciar o ineditismo da criação estética realizada pelo autor, bem como a sua importância no cenário teatral brasileiro, nos planos do conteúdo e da forma. Observa-se que, a análise proposta parte do princípio de que as obras suscitam distintos temas ontológicos e universais à humanidade, por vezes semi-ocultos na superfície textual de aparência prosaica. Desta forma, é pertinente o tratamento de aspectos que viabilizem a interação com a produção artística pliniana, tais como a desenvoltura da linguagem, composição das personagens e tessitura dos conflitos. O exame individual dos textos dramáticos é seguido de um cotejo mais específico entre eles, a fim de melhor ressaltar suas características, compostas de semelhanças e diferenças, que por caminhos distintos expressam imensurável qualidade artística. Para a realização da pesquisa segue-se a metodologia de cunho dedutivo, bibliográfico e documental, em que o aporte teórico conta: com artigos publicados à época das apresentações das peças de Plínio Marcos; teóricos do âmbito da literatura e do teatro, dentre eles: Artaud (1999), Bakhtin (1981, 2002, 2003), Bonfitto (2002), Bornheim (2007), Dort (2010), Magaldi (1994), Nietzsche (1994), Prado (2001), Rosenfeld (1982, 1985, 2008), Szondi (2001), Virmaux (1978). Cumpre ressaltar a incidência dos conceitos teóricos na análise das peças, objeto do corpus de pesquisa, que se fundamenta pela tessitura do texto dramático, pois não se contempla aqui o estudo da encenação dos espetáculos.
Bănaru, Daniela. "Influence des apports du Danube sur les réseaux trophiques des poissons de la côte roumaine (mer Noire)." Aix-Marseille 2, 2008. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/2008AIX22009.pdf.
Full textThis study was designed to assess the influence of the Danube River inputs on the food webs of the main fish species of the Romanian Black Sea coast: sprat, anchovy, horse mackerel, round goby, red mullet, whiting, flounder, sole, turbot, starry sturgeon and beluga. […] The stable isotope signatures of fishes were strongly influenced by the Danube signatures, as they consumed freshwater copepods, polychaetes and sprat which used River POM, whereas their main source of carbon was the marine phytoplankton. Fish stable isotope signatures and trophic levels were in accordance with their feeding behaviours. Many species consumed the same preys in the same area at a given season. They had reduced trophic niches, often overlapping as they preyed on the same dominant species due to the low biodiversity of the Black Sea communities. This phenomenon explained the similar stable isotope values of fishes which fed on the same preys, as well as the lack of correlation between isotope ratios and size. […] The Danube River has a great impact on the Black Sea marine ecosystems by POM and DOM (dissolved organic matter) inputs which increased the marine phytoplankton production. This production benefits to the fishes living or migrating in this area as they presented a better relative condition on the Romanian coast seawards the Danube mouths
Augusti, Alexandre Rossato. "Cinema noir : as marcas da morte e do hedonismo na atualiza??o do g?nero." Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2013. http://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/handle/tede/4520.
Full textIt is a rich supply of possibilities for study on noir film, even considering the lack of research in the country about it. Thus, this study aims to understand the context of noir film, considering to update the genre and based on its constitution, on the one hand supported by death, violence and crime, and secondly, hedonism and the femme fatale. It is intended as a further check up to contextualizes the film called neonoir point, as of theoretical orientations (using authors like James Ellroy; Heredero Carlos and Antonio Santamarina; Alain Silver and James Ursini; Luiz Nazario; and Marcia Ortegosa) and analysis of proposals, the possibilities of considering the continuity of noir film, as a classic noir film. From the methodological support of film analysis, based mainly on Aumont and Marie (2004), and Vanoye and Goliot-L?t? (1994) proposed that the analysis of the movies The maltese falcon (John Huston, 1941), Gilda (Charles Vidor, 1946), Chinatown (Roman Polanski, 1974) and Lost highway (David Lynch, 1997). Among the key findings, indicates that noir can be considered both contemporaneously through what is usually called neonoir - when taking into account a wealth of information on rearranged noir movies upgraded according to technology, culture, politics, and that still may belong to other genres - such as through a spread less classifiable, in which some elements are realized in several movies, which are not identified as neonoir.
Encontra-se uma rica oferta de possibilidades de estudo a respeito do cinema noir, considerando-se inclusive a escassez de pesquisas no pa?s a seu respeito. Dessa forma, este estudo prop?e compreender a contextualiza??o do cinema noir, considerando a possibilidade de atualiza??o do g?nero e tendo por base sua constitui??o, por um lado amparada pela morte, a viol?ncia e o crime e, por outro, pelo hedonismo e a figura da femme fatale. Pretende-se verificar ainda como se contextualiza o cinema chamado neonoir e apontar, a partir das orienta??es te?ricas (utilizando-se autores como James Ellroy; Carlos Heredero e Ant?nio Santamarina; Alain Silver e James Ursini; Luiz Naz?rio; e Marcia Ortegosa) e de an?lise propostas, as possibilidades de se considerar o cinema neonoir como continuidade do cinema noir cl?ssico. A partir do suporte metodol?gico da an?lise f?lmica, com base principalmente em Aumont e Marie (2004), e Vanoye e Goliot-L?t? (1994), prop?e-se a an?lise dos filmes Rel?quia macabra (The maltese falcon John Huston, 1941), Gilda (Charles Vidor, 1946), Chinatown (Roman Polanski, 1974) e Estrada perdida (Lost highway David Lynch, 1997). Dentre as principais conclus?es, indica-se que o noir pode tanto ser considerado contemporaneamente atrav?s do que se convenciona chamar neonoir ao se levar em conta uma riqueza de elementos noir rearranjados em filmes atualizados de acordo com a tecnologia, a cultura, a pol?tica, e que mesmo assim podem pertencer a outros g?neros, como atrav?s de uma dissemina??o menos classific?vel, em que alguns elementos s?o percebidos em filmes diversos, que eventualmente n?o s?o identificados como neonoir.
Otty, Lisa. "Signals and noise : art, literature and the avant-garde." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/3454.
Full textAzoury, Sabine. "Étude de la contamination de la côte libanaise par les hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques (HAPs) et les éléments traces métalliques (ETMs) : archives sédimentaires et biomonitoring suite à une marée noire." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BOR14755/document.
Full textThis research project aims at the study of the contamination of the Lebanese coast by PAHs, DDE, Hg and Pb. The research work is divided into two distinct parts concerning two environmental compartments (sedimentary and biological) and it addresses different questions and approaches. In the first part, the study of a dated sediment core raised from the continental shelf in southern Lebanese coast allowed reconstructing the contamination history in the Levantine basin. The contaminants’ analysis as well as 210Pb and 137Cs datation allowed obtaining a reliable record of mercury, lead and PAHs sedimentary deposition in the Lebanese continental margin in the Levantine basin. Although concentrations and fluxes are relatively low, a two-phase increase of concentration is found using C1 core sedimentary profiles. Coal was identified as the main source of Pb, Hg and PAHs in the Levantine basin between the mid 19th and the mid 20th century. Ratios of Pb stable isotopes and PAH diagnostic ratios support this assumption. The studied sedimentary archives provide also information on the deposition of contaminants on a global scale possibly related to atmospheric emissions mainly from Central and Eastern Europe. In the second part of the thesis, the study of contamination by PAHs of the Lebanese coast was undertaken following an oil spill in the south of Lebanon, which occurred after the bombardment by the Israeli military of the electric power plant in Jiyeh in 2006. We have set-up a biomonitoring program with an invasive mussel specie Brachidontes variabilis over a three-year study. Results indicate a progressive decrease of PAH concentrations in the intertidal ecosystem of the Lebanese coast. Contamination of the subtidal zone in 2007 by Jiyeh fuel oil was significantly lower. However, Jiyeh fuel oil signature was still detectable in mussel tissues even three years after the oil spill. Contamination was found to be particularly persistent in some of the highly oiled sites. It appears that pre-spill state was still not reached even three years following the oil spill. Detailed investigation of spatio-temporal changes of intertidal mussels contamination by PAH is also presented in this part of the thesis
Carsin, Jean-Louis. "Contribution aux études de pollution marine eutrophisation des eaux de Clipperton et de la rade de Brest, marées noires après les naufrages de l'Amoco Cadiz, du Tanio et du Gino... /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37603648r.
Full textCaurant, Florence. "Bioaccumulation de quelques elements traces (as, cd, cu, hg, se, zn), chez le globicephale noir (globicephala melas, delphinide), peche au large des iles feroe." Nantes, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994NANT11VS.
Full textOrtiz, Renata Baum. "Do malandro ao marginal : as personagens de Plínio Marcos e Mário Bortolotto." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/88339.
Full textThis dissertation is about the marginal character type by analyzing the texts of two contemporary dramas. The first one is Dois perdidos numa noite suja (1966) by Plínio Marcos, and the second one is Nossa vida não vale um Chevrolet (1990) by Mário Bertolotto, two important Brazilian playwrights that present some interesting common elements as well as differences that can be examined. In order to investigate the different constructions of marginal characters created by the playwrights, two plays were selected according to a similar theme: both plays present thieves as main characters. However, in Plínio Marcos’s play the characters are conducted to a marginal life in the condition of fortune’s puppets, while in Mário Bortolotto’s, the act of being a marginal, since the beginning of the play, is a part of the character’s identity. The analysis will be based upon the theories regarding drama characters by Décio de Almeida Prado, the analysis of the Brazilian malandro character by Antonio Candido and by Roberto DaMatta, and, above all, the idea of the replacement of malandro by marginal, developed by João César Rocha. Considering both plays have movie adaptations, it will be a topic studied in this dissertation as well. Plínio Marcos’s play had two movie adaptations Dois perdidos numa noite suja (1970) and 2 perdidos numa noite suja (2002), and the movie version of Bortolotto’s play had a different title as Nossa vida não cabe num Opala (2008). The adaptations will be analyzed in order to verify if the traces of these marginal characters are maintained in the cinema language, since it grants more autonomy to the characters, compared to its original creation. In the end, this research intends to investigate the possibilities of seeing the origin of the marginal in the figure of the malandro and to examine how this view, originated from the historical differences in the context of these two playwrights, is responsible for the distance between these two authors often compared.
Tarabay, Rima. "Pour un projet sociétal libanais. L’environnement durable, une nouvelle citoyenneté ?" Thesis, Paris 4, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA040273/document.
Full textLebanon is a Small country situated between Syria and Israel, it’s surface of 10 452km2 with 225 km of Mediterranean coastline and an average of 50 km of width inland. It is acountry of cultural and religious diversity with 18 religious communities fated to coexisttogether in a geographical environment that is as diverse and full of contrast. Its contemporaryhistory has been particularly violent with a fifteen year civil war dominating the country’simage and reputation. The confessional political system based on power-sharing between thecommunities institutionalised the sectarian divisions and prevented the emergence of aLebanese national identity. While most party political programmes emphasise the separateidentities and fails to suggest a common social project, we propose that an issue likesustainable environment could be the basis of a social contract, which will federate and bringtogether the interests of the various communities. Environmental pollution and degradationbecame a concrete reality in the summer of 2006, after the Israeli bombardment of the powerplant at Jiyeh in south Lebanon. The Oil Spill resulting from that spread all over the regionand did not spare any community. While history memory and politics divide the Lebanesealong communal lines, will these communities who failed to build a nation be capable to savea deteriorated environment? This common Geographical collective memory and the instinct topreserve it could be the engine to build a future based on sustainable development. The newgeneration is at the centre of this research. Analysis of the results of the 1434 questionnairesdistributed to primary students in both public and private school is the tool to measure thesensitivity of the young generation towards the issues of environment and pollution. One ofthe objectives of this study is to develop and implement an awareness raising program ofenvironmental education in schools. The program would be elaborated taking intoconsideration key psychological indicators. The results of the survey and the ecologicalvillage project which was started in parallel with the thesis have validated the hypothesis andthe findings of this work. In spite of the Utopian charachter of the hypothesis it is clearlydemonstrated here that while the people are many, the territory is one!
Carsin, Jean-Louis. "Contribution aux etudes de pollution marine. Eutrophisation des eaux de clipperton et de la rade de brest. Marees noires apres les naufrages de l'amoco cadiz, du tanio et du gino. Discussions generales, aspects juridiques et reglementaires pour la protection du milieu marin." Paris 6, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA066298.
Full textMauduit, Florian. "Evaluer l’état de santé des poissons : la pierre angulaire manquante dans l'évaluation et la gestion des risques écologiques." Thesis, Brest, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BRES0033/document.
Full textGrowth of human population and associated intensification of human activities is putting considerable pressure on coastal marine ecosystems. To assess anthropogenic impact on these ecosystems, substantial efforts have been devoted to the development of biomarkers. Despite a potential for a broad application range, most commonly used biomarkers target effects at sub-organismal organizational level (molecules, cells or tissues) and very few are liable to indicate impacts at organism or higher organizational levels. On the other hand, although too far removed from causal events to constitute early warning signals of environmental stress, high-level organizational biomarkers are of considerable relevance to human activities, economy and well-being. They are indeed the integrative result of the environmental history of an organism and, at the same time, reflect their vulnerability and resilience to changes in their living conditions. This view is corroborated by the recent revision of the concept of animal health, which nowadays incorporates the latent effects of past living conditions, the consequences of past exposures and experiences and the cumulative consequences of these effects. The joint use of high organizational levels markers and the concept of health could help overcome the failure of current biomarkers to provide ecologically relevant information. In this context, the objectives of my thesis were 1) to develop a methodology to assess fish health; 2) to investigate the underlying mechanisms and confounding factors of the performances measured and 3) to verify the applicability of our approach through two case studies.Throughout these researches, we demonstrated that hypoxia tolerance, temperature susceptibility and swimming performances are promising biomarkers of fish health. Their responses are stable over time, predictive of fish survival in the field and sensitive to an exposure to dispersant-treated oil. Also, application of this methodology to case studies demonstrated that our approach is generalizable to different contexts and that it provides operational information easily transferable to socio-economic sectors and general public
Nononsi, Aristide. "Tendances et caractéristiques du droit du travail maritime en Afrique noire francophone : l'exemple du Cameroun, de la Côte d'Ivoire et du Sénégal." Bordeaux 4, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003BOR40009.
Full textPadel, Maxime. "Influence cadomienne dans les séries pré-sardes des Pyrénées Orientales : approche géochimique, stratigraphique et géochronologique." Thesis, Lille 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL10185/document.
Full textThe Ediacaran-Lower Ordovician stratigraphy of the Eastern Pyrenees is updated and revised. A similar stratigraphic framework is compared with neighbouring outcrops from the Montagne Noire (France) and Sardinia (Italy), which take into account: (i) the absence of Cadomian deformation close to the Ediacaran-Cambrian boundary interval, (ii) the presence, like in the northern Montagne Noire, of acidic-dominated volcanosedimentary complexes punctuating the Ediacaran-Cambrian transition, (iii) the lack of the Guzhangian (mid Cambrian) regression, also absent in SW Sardinia. The geochemical analysis of the uppermost Ediacaran volcanism in the Eastern Pyrenees suggest two distinct affinities linked to extensional conditions (metabasites of the Nyer and Olette formations) followed by the influence the Cadomian orogeny (acidic and calk-alkaline magmatism recorded at the top of the Olette Formation and in the overlying Pic de la Clape Formation). Detrital zircons from Terreneuvian siliciclastic sediments of West Gondwana (Morocco, Iberian Massif, Montagne Noire, Pyrenees and Sardinia) reflect a distinct SW-NE trend in the relative influence of major sediment sources: the Panafrican-Atlasian sources predominate throughout the southwesternmost successions, whereas the influence of the Arabian-Nubian Shield and the Sahara Metacraton sources increases northeastward. This trend tends to disappear afterwards, possibly reflecting a common geodynamic evolution throughout this margin
Perrier, Amandine. "Le commerce maritime grec en Méditerranée orientale et en mer Noire aux Vème et IVème s. av. J.-C." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM3024.
Full textIn this present thesis concerning Greek Archaeology, I undertook to work on the organization of Greek maritime commerce in Eastern Mediterranean and Black Sea during the 5th and 4th century BC. I worked mostly on the trade's nature and intensity occurring in this part of the Mediteranean in this time. In order to carry out my work properly, I established a new catalog of greek shipwrecks, that I then confront with textual, epigraphic and archaeological sources. The careful study of the ship's cargo takes part in a better understanding of the commercial actors, trading network and above all of the importance of Athens at this time
Aimon, Cassandre. "Effet de l'environnement sur les stratégies comportementales du bar Dicentrarchus labrax. Cas d'une pénurie de nourriture et d'une marée noire Food deprivation reduces social interest in the European sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax, in the Journal of Experimental Biology 222(3), February 2019." Thesis, Brest, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BRES0055.
Full textMarine ecosystems are under a wide range of natural or anthropogenic forcings. In response to these forcings, marine organisms rely notably on their phenotypic plasticity to preserve their fitness. In this thesis, I am particularly interested in the behavioural plasticity of juvenile European sea bass in response to two environmental stressors, food deprivation and exposure to petroleum hydrocarbons. The main objective of this work is to evaluate the consequences of these disturbances through an integrative approach that assesses direct effects at the individual level, but also possible indirect impacts at the population and community levels.The behavioural tests implemented allowed the evaluation of three behavioural traits : sociability, risk-taking and exploration. From an analytical point of view, a principal component analysis was applied in order to objectify the identification of behaviours and their interpretation. Experimental results show that fasting reduces sociability and that exposure to petroleum hydrocarbons can lead to alterations in the anti-predator response. These results suggest adverse effects on the fitness of individuals with possible repercussions on ecological dynamics through altered intra- (gregarious) and inter-specific (predator/prey) relationships. This research illustrates how behavioural regulations can link the effects of environmental disturbances to multiple levels of organization, from the individual to the ecosystem
Malhan, Khyati. "Stellar streams as probes of dark matter : search and dynamical analysis." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAE027/document.
Full textTidal stellar streams are pristine star structures that play central role in addressing long standing mysteries of the Galactic archaeology. Since streams are orbital in nature, they inherently possess the characteristics of unravelling the underlying mass distribution of the galaxy, and can be used to probe the shape of the dark matter halo. Besides testing the ‘hierarchical merging’ scenario of galaxy formation, stream gaps can also provide indirect evidence for the existence of dark matter sub-halos (thereby, in principle, constraining the nature of the dark matter particle itself). Due to all these reasons, the dynamical analysis of stellar streams of the Milky Way Galaxy naturally becomes one of the interesting problems. However, the foremost challenge is to detect these structures. During the thesis, STREAMFINDER algorithm (a state of the art algorithm) was designed to systematically process the Gaia dataset (ESA’s novel astrophysical catalogue containing unprecedented astrometric solutions of over 1.6 billion stars) for the detection of the stellar streams of the Milky Way. This hefty endeavour led to the detection of 10 high confidence stream structures, of which 5 were reported as new discoveries.This harvest of structures also facilitated, for the first time, creation of a panoramic structural and kinematic map of the stellar streams of the Milky Way halo, taking our community a step further in unravelling the complex formation history of our Galaxy. This project was instantly followed by the orbital analysis of one of the detected streams (namely GD-1) to explore the improvements in the gravitational potential models of our Galaxy. The constraints on the Milky Way’s mass and that on the shape of its dark matter halo, that were obtained by simply employing this single stream, revealed the potential power the analysis of an ensemble of streams would hold in in probing the overall galactic mass distribtuion of our Galaxy. Thereby, the thesis paved way for new discoveries of the stellar substructures, also highlighting the future prospects in this field
Graz, Yann. "Production et devenir du carbone organique fossile libéré par les altérations mécaniques et chimiques des formations marneuses : exemple des "terres noires" des bassins versants expérimentaux de Draix (Alpes de Haute Provence, France)." Phd thesis, Université d'Orléans, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00426401.
Full textShirvany, Réza. "Estimation of the Degree of Polarization in Polarimetric SAR Imagery : Principles and Applications." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012INPT0082/document.
Full textPolarimetric Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) systems have become highly fruitful thanks to their wide area coverage and day and night all-weather capabilities. Several polarimetric SARs have been flown over the last few decades with a variety of polarimetric SAR imaging modes; traditional ones are linear singleand dual-pol modes. More sophisticated ones are full-pol modes. Other alternative modes, such as hybrid and compact dual-pol, have also been recently proposed for future SAR missions. The discussion is vivid across the remote sensing society about both the utility of such alternative modes, and also the trade-off between dual and full polarimetry. This thesis contributes to that discussion by analyzing and comparing different polarimetric SAR modes in a variety of geoscience applications, with a particular focus on maritime monitoring and surveillance. For our comparisons, we make use of a fundamental, physically related discriminator called the Degree of Polarization (DoP). This scalar parameter has been recognized as one of the most important parameters characterizing a partially polarized electromagnetic wave. Based on a detailed statistical analysis of polarimetric SAR images, we propose efficient estimators of the DoP for both coherent and in-coherent SAR systems. We extend the DoP concept to different hybrid and compact SAR modes and compare the achieved performance with different full-pol methods. We perform a detailed study of vessel detection and oil-spill recognition, based on linear and hybrid/compact dual-pol DoP, using recent data from the Deepwater Horizon oil-spill, acquired by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)/Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) Uninhabited Aerial Vehicle Synthetic Aperture Radar (UAVSAR). Extensive experiments are also performed over various terrain types, such as urban, vegetation, and ocean, using the data acquired by the Canadian RADARSAT-2 and the NASA/JPL Airborne SAR (AirSAR) system
Heni, Amira. "Étude des procédés discursifs de légitimation mobilisés par l'état et une entreprise privée dans un contexte de gestion de crise - à partir du cas Deepwater Horizon au large de la Louisiane - approche sociopolitique." Thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2014/30755/30755.pdf.
Full textOur study is intended to be an exploratory analysis based on a case study. Starting from a sample debate articulated around a public issue, namely the corporate social responsibility (CSR), we apprehend the discourse as an instrument of power deployed by actors in a conflict position. We take the ecological crisis caused by British Petroleum (BP) in the Gulf of Mexico since April 20, 2010 as a case study, and the reaction of the U.S. administration to intervene and reassure the public opinion alarmed by this crisis. In order to select our corpus, we have identified two target populations of discourse, in this case the speech given by the U.S. government (Obama's speech) and discourses representing the official opinion of BP (BP's press releases) dated April 20, 2010 until September 19, 2010. We considered any discourse occurring in a context of conflict symbolically as a power signs carrier and a mobilizing instrument of power relations between the involved actors. We start from the hypothesis stating that organizational and governmental discourses, studied and produced in a crisis context, are necessarily conflictual discourses within the meaning of Windisch (1987). And we used the analytical framework developed by Windisch (1987) to highlight the internal functioning of a confrontational speech seen as a vector of power and legitimacy. In our research, we preceded the discourse analysis, the main method in our study, by a qualitative content analysis. The use of content analysis aims to determine the various themes developed in the discourse, examine how actors define the CSR topic and put the corpus in its own reality, by using the HYPERRESEARCH qualitative content analysis software. In addition, by implementing the theoretical assumptions and methodological tools from discourse analysis, we auscultated the performative legitimating potential of discourses constructed and developed in a conflict communication context. We used the TROPES text analysis software recognized as a textual analysis tool able to generate representative models of the corpus structure and its thematic organization. KEY CONCEPTS Confrontational discourse, discursive strategies, CSR, legitimacy, power, tandem of government and enterprise.
Do, Quoc khanh. "Apprentissage discriminant des modèles continus en traduction automatique." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS071/document.
Full textOver the past few years, neural network (NN) architectures have been successfully applied to many Natural Language Processing (NLP) applications, such as Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) and Statistical Machine Translation (SMT).For the language modeling task, these models consider linguistic units (i.e words and phrases) through their projections into a continuous (multi-dimensional) space, and the estimated distribution is a function of these projections. Also qualified continuous-space models (CSMs), their peculiarity hence lies in this exploitation of a continuous representation that can be seen as an attempt to address the sparsity issue of the conventional discrete models. In the context of SMT, these echniques have been applied on neural network-based language models (NNLMs) included in SMT systems, and oncontinuous-space translation models (CSTMs). These models have led to significant and consistent gains in the SMT performance, but are also considered as very expensive in training and inference, especially for systems involving large vocabularies. To overcome this issue, Structured Output Layer (SOUL) and Noise Contrastive Estimation (NCE) have been proposed; the former modifies the standard structure on vocabulary words, while the latter approximates the maximum-likelihood estimation (MLE) by a sampling method. All these approaches share the same estimation criterion which is the MLE ; however using this procedure results in an inconsistency between theobjective function defined for parameter stimation and the way models are used in the SMT application. The work presented in this dissertation aims to design new performance-oriented and global training procedures for CSMs to overcome these issues. The main contributions lie in the investigation and evaluation of efficient training methods for (large-vocabulary) CSMs which aim~:(a) to reduce the total training cost, and (b) to improve the efficiency of these models when used within the SMT application. On the one hand, the training and inference cost can be reduced (using the SOUL structure or the NCE algorithm), or by reducing the number of iterations via a faster convergence. This thesis provides an empirical analysis of these solutions on different large-scale SMT tasks. On the other hand, we propose a discriminative training framework which optimizes the performance of the whole system containing the CSM as a component model. The experimental results show that this framework is efficient to both train and adapt CSM within SMT systems, opening promising research perspectives
Vianna, Goncalves Raphael. "Exploitation offshore d'hydrocarbures et responsabilité civile : droit comparé : Brésil, France et Etats-Unis." Thesis, Paris 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA010271.
Full textThe current situation of the rules governing the liability of the entrepreneur for environmental damage caused by offshore oil exploration and by the transportation of this product by oil tankers, shows that the legislator is more concerned with environmental health issues. However, there are many gaps in national legislations that can lead to considerable legal uncertainty for the responsible parties. While, at the same time it does not provide adequate protection for the environment and to human beings. The comparative study of legals systems shows the importance that countries that are exposed to the dangers of oil spills, especially those exploiting oil in the sea, to have a special indemnisation fund to guarantee and facilitate environmental restoration and payment of compensation to victims. Besides protecting the environment and citizens' rights, the fund also offers the possibility of applying the defenses of liability and limitation of liability. The funds would be used to cover the losses beyond the limit of liability of the responsible partie or when the responsibility for the accident is ruled out by a liability defense cause