Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Marées'
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Mohammad, Mahdizadeh Mahdi. "Propagation et réfexion de la marée interne : une étude numérique et expérimentale." Grenoble 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008GRE10230.
Full textThis manuscript presents the results of a numerical and experimental study on the internal tide and the interaction of the internal tide with a continental slope in a stratified fluid in the case of a super-critical slope. The numerical study is based on theMITgcm code, which solves the non-linear and not-hydrostatic Navier-Stokes equations by employing a technique of finite volume. The experiments are carried on the big tank’s rotating of Coriolis, LEGI by using the techniques PIV and CIV. We studied the propagation and the reflection of the internal tide in the presence of rotation and without rotation. Our outstanding results are the generation of internal waves beams at the frequency harmonic of the frequency of forcing, by interaction of the incident beams and reflected beams on the bottom of the tank, the occurrence of a parametric instability sub-harmonic in the incidental beam and the definition and the study of the width of the beam according to the parameters of forcing and of rotation
Maugé, Rudy. "Modèles de génération des marées internes." Brest, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006BRES2040.
Full textThis thesis studies the generation of internal tides and their propagation toward the deep ocean. We emphasize the major rote of interactions between the modes, and more particularly their influence on the nonlinear and nonhydrostatic internal-tide evolution and its subsequent disintegration in solitons. The sequence of internal tide generation models derived here, gradually leads to a more realistic representation of stratification and topography. A weakly nonlinear and nonhydrostatic internal tide model with three homogeneous layers is developed to study the influence of a double thermocline (e. G. Both a seasonal and a permanent one) on the generation of solitons. The results show the crucial rote of the second, deeper interface as it accelerates and intensifies the formation of solitons. For a continuous representation of stratification, a linear and hydrostaic model for the generation and propagation of internal tide is presented. It's derived using a modal approach, in which the topography is assumed to be slowly varying with respect to the horizontal internal-tide length scale. For parameters representative of the Gay of Biscay, the model shows how the internal-tide energy propagates toward the deep ocean, affecting the whole water column. This model offers the benefit of allowing a straightforward extension to a weakly nonlinear and nonhydrostatic internal-tide generation model, and is shown to be able to describe the local generation of solitons in the central Gay of Biscay, in accordance with observations
Richon, Patrick. "Le radon-222 traceur de la dynamique des systèmes géologiques : Méthodologie et traitement du signal, interprétation du comportement du radon-222 en milieux géologiques actifs." Paris, Institut de physique du globe, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011GLOB0003.
Full textYang, Yi. "Contribution à l'évaluation économique des marées vertes." Thesis, Brest, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BRES0122/document.
Full textDue to seasonal blooms of green macro-algae belonging to the ulvaceae family, green tides are part of the larger class of harmful algal blooms (HAB), which has developed worldwide at a high rate during the last three decades, favoured by the eutrophisation of coastal waters due to human activities. The massive accumulation of seaweeds on the shore resulting from green tides generates a variety of damages to market and non-market activities, and is a potential threat to human health. In the same time, green algae are a natural resource that may be turned into a variety of valuable products through industrial processing. R&D programs devoted to this subject have been launched in countries subject to green tides, such as China and France.The subject of this dissertation is the economic assessment of green tides, in a cost-benefit perspective. To this end, it studies the costs of green tides for private agents and public bodies, as well as the benefits due to the processing of algae.The dissertation relies on two case studies, one in China (Yellow Sea), and the other in France (Brittany). Chapter 1 and chapter 2 are dedicated to the case of the green tides that have developed each spring in the Yellow Sea and reached the southern shore of the Shandong province during the last decade. Chapter 1 investigates the bio-economic mechanisms of these episodes, their economic consequences, public management policies, and stakeholders’ perceptions. Chapter 2 tries to quantify the social cost of green tides, including management costs (minus benefits generated by green algae processing) and residual costs to market and non-market activities. Chapter 3 relies on the Brittany case, and focuses on the economic consequences of green algae industrial processing. Making use of a regionalized input-output table, it estimates, at various geographical scales, the economic impact of a program concerning the industrial processing of algae that are collected during the green tides on the Brittany shoreline
Nguyen, Nguyet Minh. "Caractéristiques des marées dans le Golfe du Tonkin." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01017434.
Full textNguyen, Nguyet Minh. "Caractéristiques des marées dans le Golf du Tonkin." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00834656.
Full textLambert, Sébastien. "Analyse et modélisation de haute précision pour l'orientation de la Terre." Observatoire de Paris, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003OBSPA002.
Full textQuaresma, Dos Santos Luis. "Super inertial tides over irregular narrow shelves." Thesis, Brest, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BRES0074/document.
Full textOceanic internal tides are ubiquitous dynamic features, densely observed near continental margins. Their sea-surface signature is frequently printed in remote sensing images, showing complex wave patterns over irregular shelves such as the West-Iberian margin. Their origin and spatial distribution is the subject of the present work, which explores the physics behind the generation and propagation of these baroclinic modes, over submarine canyon and promontory shelf features. It focuses on the study of the super-inertial tide solution by the use of numerical model simulations of realistic and idealized topography configurations, under homogeneous, two-layers and continuous stratified water columns. The ocean basins are flanked by shallow water continental margins that divert ocean tides from their natural course. Coastal tide waves are then reflected and/or trapped in several possible wave modes, function of the latitude, forcing frequency, topographic relief and water column stratification. Different shelf features, such as submarine canyons, valleys, promontories and bumps can shape continental margins to create abrupt along-shelf slopes that become effective internal tide generation sites
Auclair-Desrotour, Pierre. "Dissipation des marées thermiques atmosphériques dans les super-Terres." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PSLEO015/document.
Full textThis thesis deals with the modeling of fluid tides in terrestrial planets of the Solar system and exoplanetary systems.First, we examine the tidal response of atmospheric layers, submitted to the tidal gravitational potential and the thermal forcing of the host star of the system. We propose a new global model taking into account dissipative processes with a Newtonian cooling, model that we use to treat the dynamics of tidal waves generated by these forcings, and to quantify their dissipation, the Love number and the tidal torque exerted on the atmospheric layer as a function of the forcing frequency. This allows us to study possible configurations from planets close to synchronization such as Venus to rapid rotators such as the Earth.Second, we develop a similar approach for the oceans of terrestrial planets where the action of topography is taken into account thanks to an effective viscous friction. From this modeling, we quantify the tidal response of a potentially deep global ocean and its dependence of the tidal frequency. In this framework, and by using local models, we characterize in detail the properties of the frequency spectra of dissipation generated by tidal waves within fluid planetary (and stellar) layers as functions of the structural and dynamical parameters of these latters (rotation, stratification, viscosity and thermal diffusivity)
Genco, Marie-Laure. "Les marées dans l'Océan atlantique : modélisation et bilan énergétique." Grenoble 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993GRE10009.
Full textNicolle, Amandine. "Modélisation des marées et des surcotes dans les Pertuis Charentais." Phd thesis, Université de La Rochelle, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00113552.
Full textJourdin, Frédéric. "Assimilation de mesures marégraphiques et altimétriques dans un modèle hydrodynamique de marées océaniques." Toulouse 3, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992TOU30175.
Full textSerpette, Alain. "Marées internes dans le golfe de Gascogne : un modèle bi-dimensionnel." Brest, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989BRES2011.
Full textRieutord, Michel. "Contribution à l'étude de l'évolution des étoiles doubles serrées : étude du spin-up par effet de marée." Paris 11, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA112002.
Full textWe have studied the tidal spin-up in close binary systems like cataclysmic variables, low mass X-Ray binaries and very close pairs of white dwarfs, due to the loss of angular momentum of these systems. To solve the hydrodynamics of this problem, we developed an original method based on expansions in spherical harmonies. We thus obtained analytical solutions for a whole class of problems of rotating fluids. The results of applications to cataclysmic binaries and low mass X-ray binaries show that viscous dissipation in the companion star reaches a maximum of 10-3 times the luminosity of the star during the evolution of the system. However, we show that the uncertainties on some parameters (like turbulent viscosity in the convective envelopes) leaves open the possibility that tidal heating can influence the evolution of these systems. In very close pairs of white dwarfs, which are thought to be progenitors of type I supernovae, we show that viscous dissipation can be quite large (1038 ergs/s) provided that one of the components of the system reaches synchronization. We also show that such objects remain difficult to observe
Crépeau, Gendron Benoit. "Mesure des marées et des vagues à l'aide d'une bouée GNSS." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27838.
Full textThis project, carried out in collaboration with the Interdisciplinary Center for the Development of Ocean Mapping (CIDCO) in Rimouski, approaches the measurement of waves and tides using a GNSS buoy. One of the HydroBall® bathymetric buoy developed by CIDCO was adapted for this specific purpose. Modifications such as stabilization of the antenna, reconfiguration of the electronic components and increase in its autonomy, were made to improve the quality of the GNSS measurements (GPS and GLONASS) and to allow the acquisition of data for a period of up to one month. In the case of the wave measurements, experiments were carried out at the INRS Hydraulic Environmental Laboratory where waves of varying amplitudes and periods were generated. GNSS treatments were used to describe the wave’s movement, thus allowing the determination of their amplitude and period. The GNSS measurements were compared with those of accurate ultrasonic gauges used as reference values. In the case of the tide measurements, GNSS observations were carried out in Rimouski’s harbour over a one month period. These water level measurements using the GNSS buoy were compared to measurements collected from a nearby CHS Tide gauge. The analyzes carried out mainly focused on GNSS processing in an absolute mode using precise point positioning (PPP) for both tide and wave measurements. Our results show that this small, easily deployable and affordable buoy allows, in a single instrument, the measurement of tides and waves at a centimeter level of accuracy using precise point positioning.
Bonnafoux, Gérald. "Etude des signatures radar de la zone de balancement des marées." Brest, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998BRES2030.
Full textFloor, Jochem. "Transferts d'énergie associées à la génération, propagation et dissipation de la marée interne." Toulouse 3, 2009. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/930/.
Full textIn this thesis, the energy transfers associated with internal tide (IT) generation, by a stratified barotropic tidal wave impinging on sloping topography, and its subsequent propagation and dissipation are studied by means of complementary numerical and laboratory simulation. The global ocean circulation efficiently transports vast quantities of heat from equator to pole and plays a major role in global climate. In order to close the global ocean circulation, small-scale mechanical abyssal mixing is required. The required mechanical mixing energy is roughly estimated to be about 2TW, to which winds and tides each roughly contribute half. The cascade of energy from large scales to millimetric mixing remains elusive due to a lack of observations encompassing these scales, computational constraints limiting global simulation to low resolution and the theoretical intractability of the problem. This thesis presents a step towards the quantification of the energy cascade from the surface tide into internal tides and subsequent small-scale mixing. Initially, an idealised case of internal tide generation characteristic of the Hawaiian as well as the Mid-Atlantic ridge is studied using the Boussinesq, free-surface, terrain-following ocean model Symphonie. The energy diagnostics are explicitly based on the numerical formulation of the governing equations, permitting a globally conservative, high-precision analysis of all physical and numerical/artificial energy transfers in a sub-domain with open lateral boundaries. The main conclusions of this thesis are that in internal tide generation: 1. The net energy lost by the barotropic tide corresponds nearly exactly to the tidally averaged barotropic vertical flux of buoyancy, which represents a conversion into potential energy; 2. The net barotropic buoyancy flux is approximately balanced by: a conversion into baroclinic kinetic energy through the tidally averaged baroclinic vertical flux of buoyancy, a significant local gain in potential energy and an advective flux of baroclinic potential energy into the domain; 3. The net baroclinic buoyancy flux corresponds almost exactly to the baroclinic pressure flux divergence that is identified as the linear internal tide energy flux. .
Bessières, Laurent. "Impact des marées sur la circulation générale océanique dans une perspective climatique." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00172154.
Full textPour examiner chacun de ces aspects, la méthode retenue consiste à paramétriser les effets de la marée dans un modèle tridimensionnel de circulation générale océanique (OGCM) dédié au climat : NEMO. Pour ce faire nous utilisons les sorties 'off line' d'un modèle hydrodynamique bidimensionnel dédié à la marée : MOG2D-G. Dans un premier temps nous déterminons et nous décrivons pour la première fois une carte de la circulation résiduelle de marée (CRM) mondiale générée par la dynamique non-linéaire de la marée. Cette CRM obtenue par l'intermédiaire de MOG2D-G est alors introduite sous la forme d'un forçage extérieur dans l'OGCM NEMO. Dans un second temps, nous examinons la dissipation de l'énergie des marées. Tout d'abord nous quantifions la fraction de l'énergie de marée qui est dissipée en chaleur, ceci afin de déterminer si, à l'instar du flux géothermal, elle est susceptible de jouer un rôle important sur la circulation abyssale. Après avoir écarté cette possibilité, nous considérons la fraction d'énergie de marée qui se dissipe localement en mélange vertical via les ondes internes : le "tidal mixing" (TM). Le TM résulte d'un transfert d'énergie du mode barotope vers les modes baroclines. Ce transfert est diagnostiqué grâce au modèle MOG2D-G et intégré dans NEMO par l'intermédiaire d'une paramétrisation du mélange turbulent vertical.
Nous concluons : (i) que l'effet des marées sur la circulation océanique grande échelle et in fine sur le climat ne peut être significatif qu'à travers le TM, (ii) que l'introduction du TM local dans les OGCM est essentielle pour représenter correctement le transport des masses d'eaux abyssales et (iii) qu'il est désormais crucial de considérer le TM engendré loin du site de génération des ondes internes
Lambauer, Barbara. "Francophile contre vents et marées ? : Otto Abetz et les Français, 1930-1958." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000IEPP0041.
Full textRemus, Françoise. "Effets de marée dans les systèmes de planètes géantes et exoplanétaires." Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066448.
Full textSince Laplace and Kelvin, tidal effects are known to deform periodically the Earth oceans. Later, Georges Darwin showed that they also are responsible for the braking of the Earth rotation while the moon migrates outwards. More generally, they redistribute the mass in the interior of multiple system components and are at the origin of an exchange of angular momentum between their rotation and their orbital motion. Because they are intimately linked to the internal structure and dynamics of the bodies undergoing them, their study requires a specific treatment for each kind of object. This thesis revisits the equilibrium tide mechanism in stars possessing an external convective shell, just as the Sun. It also provides the first analysis of the action of such process in the anelastic central region of gas and ice giant planets having a large fluid envelope. In each case, the internal physical properties of the bodies are taken into account. A particular care has been taken to model the resulting tidal dissipation and to quantify it, through its dependence to the structural, rheological and dynamical internal properties, and to the excitation frequency. For each kind of object, the theoretical results have been confronted with the observations. In particular, they show a very good agreement when compared to the high precision astrometric measurements obtained in the case of Jupiter and Saturn. The introduction describes how tides link the internal physic of the components to the dynamical evolution of a system. The three following chapters treat successively the cases of stars, and of gas and ice giant planets. Each of them discusses the efficiency of tidal mechanisms
Noyelles, Benoît. "Effets des marées sur la dynamique des satellites de Jupiter et de Saturne." Observatoire de Paris (1667-....), 2005. https://theses.hal.science/tel-01958562.
Full textTidal effects induce a secular acceleration of planetary satellites. Such accelerations have not been detected yet with enough reliability for Jovian and Saturnian satellites, but we can hope a close detection for J-1 Io and S-3 Thetys thanks to the progress of dynamical modelisation and the improvement of astrometric observations. This work deals with the two topics. The main purpose is to improve the modelisation of motions and our understanding of resonances. This thesis also contributes to the study of the dynamical history of the Galilean satellites while studying the consequences of De Haerdtl’s inequality 7:3 between Ganymede and Callisto. It is shown that this inequality induces a stochastic layer recently crossed by the system. Thanks to a frequency analysis, it is proved that this chaos is in fact Chirikov diffusion induced by overlaps of several resonances, which are clearly identified. This result leads to the conclusion that De Haerdtl’s inequality has to be taken into account in every study on the formation of the laplacian resonance between Io, Europa and Ganymede. Moreover this work, as a first approach of the observational signature of tidal effects, deals with reduction of mutual events which occurred in 1995 in the Saturnian system and with observation and reduction of mutual events of Galilean satellites of the last PHEMU campaign, in 2003. This reductions contribute to the improvement of ephemerides
Ballay, Arnaud. "Cartographie de la ligne du rivage pour des niveaux caractéristiques de la mer." Caen, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004CAEN2062.
Full textGajda, Grzegorz. "Tidally induced bars in dwarf galaxies." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0154/document.
Full textIn the Local Group of galaxies we can distinguish two categories of dwarf galaxies. The dIrr galaxies exhibit certain degree of discy rotation, whereas the dSph galaxies have spheroidal shapes. In the tidal stirring scenario initially disky dwarf galaxies are transformed into spheroids due to repeated interactions with the host galaxy. An intermediate stage of this process involves the formation of a tidally induced bar in the stellar disc of the dwarf. First, we study the orbital structure in an $N$-body simulation. We determined orbital frequencies and shapes of stars. Majority of the orbits (more than $80\%$) have boxy shapes, while only about $8\%$ belong to the classical family x$_1$. Then, we study impact of two parameters: the size of the orbit of the dwarf and the inclination of its disc. The most pronounced bar was created on the intermediate-sized orbit while increasing the inclination leads to weaker bars. During further pericenter passages the bars were weakened and shortened. Finally, we study the impact of the interstellar medium varying gas fraction. In all cases bars of similar length formed in the stellar component of the dwarfs. However, the gaseous component remained approximately axisymmetric. In the models with a lower gas fraction the bars were more pronounced and survived until the end of the simulations, while in the dwarfs with a higher gas fraction the bars were destroyed after the second or third pericenter passages
Hay, Julien. "Analyse économique du système international CLC/FIPOL comme instrument de prévention des marées noires." Phd thesis, Université de Bretagne occidentale - Brest, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00422559.
Full textLes deux premiers chapitres établissent l'intérêt potentiel du régime international comme instrument de prévention des marées noires, l'un sur le plan théorique, l'autre sur le plan empirique. L'analyse de l'efficacité préventive du régime international consiste, d'une part, à apprécier la capacité du régime international à indemniser l'intégralité du coût social des marées noires (chapitre 3) et, d'autre part, à étudier les incitations fournies aux propriétaires de navires et aux compagnies pétrolières pour qu'ils adoptent des pratiques suffisamment sûres en matière gestion des risques pétroliers (chapitre 4 et 5). Le sixième chapitre ouvre le cadre d'analyse de l'efficacité préventive du régime CLC/FIPOL en étudiant les conséquences de l'élaboration collective du régime international sur sa fonction préventive.
Les résultats obtenus permettent d'identifier différents mécanismes par lesquels le pouvoir incitatif du régime international pourrait être accru. Cependant, les analyses conduites indiquent également que la fonction préventive du régime international est limitée par différents facteurs qui peuvent difficilement être corrigés au moyen d'une modification des conventions CLC et FIPOL.
Cabral, Nahuel. "Modèles de synthèses de populations planétaires avec cavité magnétique et effets de marées stellaires." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAY088.
Full textIn this thesis, we have been interested on the effects of the magnetic cavity and the stellar tides in synthetic planet population. The magnetic cavity is thought be important at the formation phase since it can truncates the gaseous disk and potentially stops the inward migration of planets (Lin et al. 1995). In this work we modified the standard radial viscous equation in order to take into account the effect of the magnetic torque on the gaseous disk (Armitage et al. 1999). Moreover, the stellar tides have been included in an analytical way as in (Bénitez-Llambay et al. 2011). For this work, we used the planetary model of Bern (Mordasini et al. 2012) at which we included both effects. The end of the thesis compare the synthetic orbital distribution with the orbital distribution observed by Kepler (Howard et al. 2012).Finally, a last chapter treats a topic different than the rest of the thesis. We tested the so called pebble mechanism (Ormel&Klahr2010) in the planetary formation model of Bern. So far, this chapter is a first step to a more complete model. However, we show that the numerical implementation is working well
Canceill, Pascal. "Restitution subdécimétrique des marées dans l'océan Pacifique par un modèle hydrodynamique aux éléments finis." Toulouse 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993TOU30271.
Full textLlubes, Muriel. "Sur les marées de charges océaniques et leur observation par gravimétrie et interférométrie radar." Toulouse 3, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998TOU30091.
Full textArakelian, Ara. "Rôle des ondes baroclines dans la variabilité basse fréquence." Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066004.
Full textMidlatitude baroclinic eddies, synoptic disturbances period from 2 to 10 days, interact on the low-frequency variability , period longer than ten days. For these periods atmospheric circulation variability is dominated by quasi-stationary structures of large spatial scale, as are the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and Southern Oscillation (AO). On one side, momentum transport by eddiesis is balanced with surface friction and keeping the jet around its position, but on the other, the mean flow organizes these eddies. To understand why annular modes seem to be domiant low-frequency variability, eddy feedbacks to a change of zonal mean flow are studied. Resolution effect on the representation of eddies and variability is explored. At first these interactions are studied using nudged simulations allowing isolate properly the response of baroclinic eddies and momentum flux. The change of eddy propagation allows to highlight the involved mechanisms. It appears a positive feedback in the case of latitudinal jet shift, and negatively to a jet speed variation without latitudinal shift. In a second part, a set of simulations with the IPSL model at varying resolution was used to assess biases of mean state and variability representation but also to highlight the relations between the mean state, the variability, and the response to increased CO2
Boerez, Julien. "Analyse et modélisation de l'effet des marées sur les réseaux de nivellement hydrostatiques du CERN." Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00862557.
Full textGuenel, Mathieu. "Dissipation de marée dans les étoiles de faible masse et les planètes géantes : ondes inertielles, structure interne et rotation différentielle." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS307/document.
Full textThis thesis studies the tidal dissipation mechanisms in low-mass stars that have an external convective envelope like the Sun (i.e. from M- to F-type stars), as well as in Jupiter- and Saturn-like gaseous giant planets. We particularly focus on understanding and characterizing the influence of the internal structure and dynamics of these bodies on the various physical mechanisms that cause this tidal dissipation, in order to assess their relative strength.In the case of giant planets, we use preexisting semi-analytical models and we show that the dissipation induced by the possible presence of a viscoelastic solid core is not negligible compared to the one induced by inertial waves (whose restoring force is the Coriolis acceleration) in the convective envelope. For low-mass stars, we perform a new semi-analytic study as well as numerical simulations of tidal inertial waves propagating in the external convective envelope, and we compute the associated energy dissipation. For the first time, the effects of a background latitudinal differential rotation, as observed in the Sun and predicted by various numerical simulations of convection in low-mass stars, is taken into account. We highlight the existence of new families of inertial modes as well as the importance of corotation resonances for tidal dissipation. Finally, we derive a new prescription for the turbulent viscosity applied to these tidal waves that takes into account the influence of rotation on the properties of convective flows along the evolution of stars
Vincent, Patrick. "Modélisation aux éléments finis des marées océaniques : [thèse en partie soutenue sur un ensemble de travaux]." Grenoble 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987GRE10033.
Full textGuezo, Gilles. "Les ponts métalliques routiers sur les estuaires bretons, 1830 – 1930 : Contre vents et marées: légèretéet rigidité." Rennes 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010REN20016.
Full textBy a circular, in 1832, Government ask the administration to «search means to replace ferries by bridges». Most of the cities in Brittany are located near to the sea. The very indented coastline complicates surface communications between coastal localities. Opportunely, new suspension bridges are able to cross Breton short coastal rivers estuaries without intermediate supports; several ferries can be replaced by a fixed connexion as far back as the 1830s. When it’s blowing a gale, the wind is the enemy of those light civil engineering works. Engineers and constructors endeavour to solve the apparent contradiction between a necessary economy of materials and rigidity of bridges against wind and road transport development. The history of these metallic civil engineering works, mostly suspended, sometimes in an arch or a beam, and even with more innovative structural design, follows engineers story and engineers training story. Ingénieurs des Ponts et Chaussées, civil engineers, and constructors, work within a complex relationship, where the common aim, the bridge good achievement, have to fit to financial interests of some and surveying obligations of others. Iron and steel metallurgy progress, new materials appearance, motorcar invention, mechanization, and more widely, road transport development in relation with growth and diversification of economic exchanges, are a part of the context of this thesis; administrative or political hesitations and rivalries, are the other side of the backdrop. In 1930, the reinforced concrete bridge, built by Freyssinet over Elorn river, marks the end of steel supremacy on large span bridges over Breton estuaries
Orseau, Delphine. "Etude expérimentale de l'effet de charge océanique en zone littorale : aspects gravométriques et marégraphiques." La Rochelle, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003LAROS088.
Full textTellier, Eric. "Noyades et traumatismes liés aux vagues et marées sur le littoral océanique girondin : épidémiologie, modélisation et prévention." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0225.
Full textThe Gironde coasts in southwestern France are shaped by ocean conditions. Sandy beaches are exposed to high-energy waves which create hazardous conditions with shore-break waves and rip currents. These phenomena cause drownings and potentially serious injuries, requiring patrolling and rescue means.The aims of this work were to study wave-related drownings and injuries (i.e. surf zone injuries, SZI) in several ways: by describing the population of victims, modelling the risks and identifying the actions needed to prevent them.First, the demographic characteristics and severity of SZI were described. By analysing calls to the Gironde Emergency Medical Aid Service, 652 drownings and 814 traumas were recorded. From these data and using meteorological data, a model was created to predict the risk of drowning on the Gironde surf coast. It was then validated, based on the weather forecasts. The risk of drowning due to rip-currents can thus be anticipated three days in advance. The risks factors of shorebreak related injury were also studied.A theoretical framework to describe the timeline of drowning, using a continuous Markov process, was proposed. It allowed, among other things, to simulate the theoretical impact of a reduction in rescue time on the severity of drownings. Shortening the median rescue time from 15 to 10 minutes would reduce severe drowning cases by half.Finally, the use of risk predictions in prevention action was discussed on the basis of concepts from a literature review. This work will make it possible to set up and evaluate an action to prevent SZI in Gironde
Marées, Markus de [Verfasser]. "Auswirkungen eines Hypoxietrainings auf die migratorischen Eigenschaften von Mesenchymalen Stammzellen und die physiologische Leistungsfähigkeit / Markus de Marées." Köln : Deutsche Zentralbibliothek für Medizin, 2009. http://d-nb.info/999868039/34.
Full textLennon, Marc. "Methodes d'analyse d'images hyperspectrales : exploitation du capteur aéroporté CASI pour des applications de cartographie agro-environnementale en Bretagne." Rennes 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002REN10130.
Full textJézéquel, Nathalie. "Circulation 2D de la marée semi-diurne au-dessus d'un talus continental de pente variable en océan homogène ou stratifié - étude analytique et numérique appliquée aux conditions observées dans le Golfe de Gascogne." Brest, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999BRES2017.
Full textLe, luherne Emilie. "Impacts des marées vertes sur les habitats essentiels au renouvellement des ressources halieutiques des secteurs estuariens et côtiers." Thesis, Rennes, Agrocampus Ouest, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016NSARH098/document.
Full textCoastal and estuarine systems are highly productive areas that provide unique biological and ecological services and shelter essential habitats to numerous fisheries resources. Among the perturbations experienced by these ecosystems, proliferations of opportunistic macroalgae, commonly known as ‘green tides’, are one of the most obvious signs of eutrophication in coastal and estuarine areas, worldwide, and in Northwestern France in particular. The processes underlying macroalgal proliferations are almost identified whereas their ecological consequences - especially for ichthyofauna - remain poorly understood and understudied. The objective of this thesis is to characterise the effects of green tides on the role of coastal and estuarine habitats for ichthyofauna, on both the community and the individual scales.First, we investigated the consequences of green tides on ichthyofauna on the community scale. Then, we examined the processes which affect the ichthyofauna during green tides, on the individual scale. Marine juvenile fish responses were investigated based on habitat selection and comparison of individual performances between a control and an impacted site. Based on these two complementary approaches, we evidence ecological significant negative effects of green tides on the quality of essential fish habitats. The effects of green tides on ichthyofauna are modulated by the intensity and nature of macroalgal blooms, and are related to the fish habitat use and ecology. A decreasing gradient of sensibility to green tides is emphasised, from benthic to demersal and pelagi
Leduc, Billie-Anne. "Marées d'Iris, roman par tableaux, suivi de La dérobade comme mouvement d'écriture chez Marina Tsvetaeva et Sylvia Plath." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/10535.
Full textCalvo, García-Maroto Marta. "Analysis of long-term gravity records in europe : consequences for the retrieval of small amplitude and low frequency signals including the core resonance effects." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAH003/document.
Full textThe study of temporal variations of gravity has a long tradition in Central Europe. Since the 1970s three main gravimeter types (spring, superconducting (SG) and absolute) have been set up at the J9 gravity station located in Strasbourg. These series allow us to review the instrumental improvements from the analyses of long term stability and instrumental drift. We show that the SG is the most powerful tool for thestudy of the low frequency and small amplitudes tides. We show the tidal analysis results for these tidal waves. We estimate the period of the Free Core Nutation and we seek the one of the Free Inner Core Nutation (FICN), which has not yet been observed. For this we make a careful study, in order to separate the low-amplitude waves in the vicinity of possible periods of FICN
La deformación elasto-gravitacional de la Tierra y las correspondientes variaciones temporales de la gravedad asociadas, registradas en la superficie terrestre mediante los gravímetros, son debidas a distintos fenómenos geofísicos con diferentes períodos y amplitudes, incluyendo entre otros a las denominadas mareas terrestres, que son el fenómeno que genera los efectos más fuertes (dichas mareas terrestres son los movimientos inducidos en la Tierra sólida y los cambios en su potencial gravitatorio derivados de las fuerzas de marea generadas por los cuerpos celestes).El objetivo principal de este trabajo consiste en mostrar la importancia tanto de la longitud de las series de datos de gravedad, como de la calidad de dichas series para mejorar nuestro conocimiento sobre la dinámica de la Tierra a través de los análisis de las mareas terrestres. [...]
Castillo, Julie. "Contribution à l'étude de la structure interne des planètes telluriques." Rennes 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001REN10083.
Full textBourret, Agnès [Henriette]. "Traitement et optimisation des conditions aux frontières pour un modèle de circulation côtière : application au cas de la Guyane." Aix-Marseille 2, 2005. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/2005AIX22084.pdf.
Full textThe French Guiana continental shelf presents a particular configuration and a conjunction of different hydrodynamic factors: strong coastal current flowing along the coast to the Northwest, high stratification due to the Amazon River with a weak salinity tongue located about 40km off the coast and a mixed tide with two daily low and high tides of different amplitudes by day. The particular topography and hydrodynamics lead us to consider the studied area as partly bounded by one southern coastal closed boundary, by two open cross-shore boundaries and one outer long-shore boundary. In this boundaries configuration, tidal currents are essentially parallel to the cross-shore boundaries whereas the coastal current flows perpendicularly to these ones. The accurate modelling of all these phenomena needs the use of well-suited open boundary conditions (OBC), especially for passive boundaries. A large panel of OBC is implemented and tested: Neumann condition, Orlanski conditions, gravity wave conditions, Roed and Smedstad's condition, Raymond and Kuo's condition, characteristic methods. Experiments are conducted with the three-dimensional, primitive equation, code MOBEEHDYCS and are shared in two parts. First, OBC concerning only barotropic variables are tested in four different situations. Then, combinations of OBC are experimented in two three-dimensional cases. According to our results, the behaviour of OBC is directly influenced by the tidal circulation, which is tangential to the passive boundary under study. Characteristic method and Neumann condition give the best results for the barotropic mode whereas radiation conditions involve a phase lag of the tidal velocity component normal to the boundary. This OBC study has continued with an analysis of the interaction between tide and stratification. The presence of a halocline involves a decrease of the vertical eddy viscosity coefficient and a decoupling between the movements of the surface layer and the bottom layer. On the French Guiana, there is a very low phase lag between surface and bottom tidal currents with a vertical oscillation of the halocline and a horizontal cross-shore migration of the weak salinity waters. The availability of current data on the boundaries of the domain under study, acquired during a sea campaign, has focused our attention on their use in modelling, notably thanks to the data assimilation. Indeed, the boundary-variables affect highly the interior solution but a state vector containing these variables is of reduced size. This technique of data assimilation allows to adjust boundary-values between observations and numerical results. We have implemented a new Kalman filter, constituted of three parts: a part of forecasting, a part of analysis and a part of feed-back where the boundary state vector is used to force the model to calculate the interior solution. A first test has been conducted with a two-dimensional diffusion equation in order to analyse the behaviour of this filter in different situations. A second more complex test has been driven with a linear version of two-dimensional hydrodynamic code in case of a coastal current moving progressively into the domain. Tests use the principle of twin-experiments. This study has shown the feasibility of this new technique of data assimilation and the easy implementation and calculation thanks to the weak size of the state vectors
Thénot, Aurélie. "Modèles de données pour l'appréhension et la gestion des risques à Nouakchott (Mauritanie) - Une capitale contre vents et marées." Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00288430.
Full textQuillien, Nolwenn. "Des écosystèmes naturellement stressés sous menace anthropique : réponses de la faune des plages de sable macrotidales aux marées vertes." Thesis, Brest, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BRES0024/document.
Full textHighly dynamic systems, often considered as resilient systems, are characterised by abiotic and biotic processes under continuous and strong changes in space and time. Because of this variability, the detection of overlapping anthropogenic stress is challenging. Coastal areas harbour dynamic ecosystems in the for of open sandy beaches, which cover the vast majority of the world’s ice-free coastline. These ecosystems are currently threatened by increasing human-induced pressure, among which mass-development of opportunistic macroalgae (mainly composed of Chlorophyta, so called green tides), resulting from the eutrophication of coastal waters. The ecological impact of opportunistic macroalgal blooms (green tides, and blooms formed by other opportunistic taxa), has long been evaluated within sheltered and non-tidal ecosystems. Little is known, however, on how more dynamic ecosystems, such as open macrotidal sandy beaches, respond to such stress. This thesis assesses the effects of anthropogenic stress on the structure and the functioning of highly dynamic ecosystems using sandy beaches impacted by green tides as a study case. The thesis is based on four field studies, which analyse natural sandy sediment benthic community dynamics over several temporal (from month to multi-year) and spatial (from local to regional) scales. In this thesis, I report long-lasting responses of sandy beach benthic invertebrate communities to green tides, across thousands of kilometres and over seven years; and highlight more pronounced responses of zoobenthos living in exposed sandy beaches compared to semi-exposed sands. Within exposed sandy sediments, and across a vertical scale (from inshore to nearshore sandy habitats), I also demonstrate that the effects of the presence of algal mats on intertidal benthic invertebrate communities is more pronounced than that on subtidal benthic invertebrate assemblages, but also than on flatfish communities. Focussing on small-scale variations in the most affected faunal group (i.e. benthic invertebrates living at low shore), this thesis reveals a decrease in overall beta-diversity along a eutrophication-gradient manifested in the form of green tides, as well as the increasing importance of biological variables in explaining ecological variability of sandy beach macrobenthic assemblages along the same gradient. To illustrate the processes associated with the structural shifts observed where green tides occurred, I investigated the effects of high biomasses of opportunistic macroalgae (Ulva spp.) on the trophic structure and functioning of sandy beaches. This work reveals a progressive simplification of sandy beach food web structure and a modification of energy pathways over time, through direct and indirect effects of Ulva mats on several trophic levels. Through this thesis I demonstrate that highly dynamic systems respond differently (e.g. shift in δ13C, not in δ15N) and more subtly (e.g. no mass-mortality in benthos was found) to anthropogenic stress compared to what has been previously shown within more sheltered and non-tidal systems. Obtaining these results would not have been possible without the approach used through this work; I thus present a framework coupling field investigations with analytical approaches to describe shifts in highly variable ecosystems under human-induced stress
Rigaud, Benoit. "La gouvernance européenne face aux marées noires : les changements des politiques de sécurité maritime après l'Erika et le Prestige." Thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2014/30540/30540.pdf.
Full textIn 1999 and 2002, oil spills caused by tankers Erika and Prestige have revealed the limits of self-regulation of the maritime industry. During the 2000s, the European institutions have responded to these policy failures by placing the problem of maritime safety among their top priorities. How to explain that such a « hard issue » has been set up to the European agenda while major decisions should be made, particularly concerning the enlargement and the constitutionalisation of the European Union? What are the results achieved thanks to these policy changes? By using process tracing, historical explanation highlights how the sequence of events (the wrecking of the Prestige when several post-Erika measures came into force) legitimised the strategy of the Prodi Commission dedicated to a better management of globalization. Given the insights of Ostrom’s work on Commons governance, coordination and polycentricity, adaptation is the key concept of the proposed analysis. Adaptation is a process by which credible commitments are taken and discrepancies between learning and redistributive activities are minimized. Comparing policy designs at the beginning and at the end of the 2000s shows the added value of a regulatory European agency, the European Maritime Safety Agency (EMSA), for increasing the adaptive capacity of a policy subsystem. During that period, agencification went with the creation of sophisticated monitoring tools, a more systematic use of evidences in the enforcement of European law, and generally speaking the strengthening of Member States’ implementation capabilities. In this transnational regulatory network, coordination results from sharing and discussing expertise.
Costan, Georges. "Quelques aspects de l'écologie de trois espèces de gastéropodes dans l'estuaire à marées d'eau douce du fleuve Saint-Laurent." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/47355.
Full textWajeman, Nathalie. "Observation des discontinuités du manteau terrestre par des méthodes sismologiques : Etude des phases de la coda de l'onde P directe." Toulouse 3, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989TOU30212.
Full textDegryse-Kulkarni, Christine. "Morphodynamique de la zone de swash." Caen, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003CAEN2057.
Full textLetendre, Julie. "Effets combinés de l'intertidalité et de la contamination chimique chez Mytilus edulis : mécanisme enzymatiques anti-oxydants et approche protéomique." Le Havre, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LEHA0030.
Full textOrganisms inhabiting the shore area undergo multiple stresses such as variations in oxygen availability due to periodic emersions and chemical contamination. Interactive effects of intertidal condition and pollution were studied in blue mussels, which are major elements of coastal communities and exhibit high resistance capacities to toxic insults as well as ecophysiological constraints. We first found that blue mussel populations from the upper part of the shore presented generally higher antioxidant levels than those living lower but in polluted areas this profile was inverted. Seasonal patterns are also deeply altered in mussels subjected to both periodic emersions and contamination. This suggests that organisms living in fluctuating habitats present naturally high levels of defense, which cannot be enhanced anymore in the face of chemical insult. In a second step, interaction of intertidal condition and organic contamination was experimentally studied. We found that the proteomic response to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon contamination varies about by half according to the tidal regime. In particular, expression of stress proteins and actors of energy metabolism were concerned. Moreover, a part of the mechanisms regulated in the face of emersion is altered by toxicant exposure, with a dramatic effect on stress protein and chaperone induction. This work stresses that sub-populations naturally subjected to fluctuating environment are particularly threaten by anthropological pressures. It provides new insights into intertidal physiology and pollutant response for an accurate environmental risk evaluation
Koenig, Guillaume. "Par vagues et marées : étude de la circulation hydrodynamique d’un lagon étroit de Nouvelle-Calédonie et identification des conditions aux bords à l’aide d’un algorithme stochastique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021AIXM0533.
Full textIn this thesis, I have studied the hydrodynamics of the Ouano coral lagoon in NewCaledonia and implemented a novel parameter identification algorithm to do so.Wave-breaking and tides dominate the Ouano lagoon; I wanted to evaluate theirimpact on the lagoon flushing.Several studies have been done in the lagoon before. I rely on both their findings forthe circulation and their tools for the modeling, namely the CROCO ( Coastal RegionalOcean COmmunity model) of C. Chevalier. I also have used data collected in 2016 inthe lagoon. However, some uncertainties remained on the amount of water broughtby the tides and the wave-breaking in the lagoon. Also, the parametrization of thewave-breaking friction coefficient and the tidal boundary conditions in the numericalmodel was uncertain.I implemented and tested a tool to improve those parametrizations or other modelparameters. This tool was a stochastic parameter identification algorithm, the Simul-taneous Perturbations Stochastic Approximations (SPSA) algorithm.We first tested different variants of the algorithm in a controlled environment andwith a 1-D turbulence model. Then I have used this algorithm to identify boundaryconditions with a linear tidal model of the Ouano lagoon. Finally, I have used thealgorithm to study the impact of the wave-breaking on the measurement of tides inthe Ouano