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Journal articles on the topic 'Marginal rate of resource substitution'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 30 May 2022

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Chaiyamart, Pattaraphongpan, and William Gartner. "Marginal rate of substitution of multidimensional well-being for affected residents of the dam, Pak Mun Dam." International Journal of Research in Business and Social Science (2147- 4478) 10, no. 3 (2021): 438–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.20525/ijrbs.v10i3.1134.

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The marginal rate of substitution shows that negatively affected residents of Pak Mun Dam are willing to trade three units of economic well-being to gain one more unit of social well-being. Marginal rate of substitution (MRS) provides important information to the government regarding such trade-offs. Given the limited budget and resources, the optimal point of the combination of these dimensions of well-being should be determined in order to provide better strategy and policy to improve the conditions for residents affected by the dam’s construction. Structural Equation Model (SEM) was used to

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Chong, Zhang, Haoping Liu, Hyoung Jun Kim, Qian Wu, and Samuel Xie. "The Rationality of Addiction." Deakin Papers on International Business Economics 2, no. 2 (2009): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.21153/dpibe2009vol2no2art192.

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This paper presents a discussion on the rationality of addiction using economic theories. Drug abuse is the dominant context for addict ion in this paper. However, it does not preclude a broader definition, encapsulating dependence on substances other than pharmacological agents; let it be nicotine , alcohol, coffee, chocolates or sex. The argument follows the progression in rationale from consumption to addiction to eventual remission. The economics of any behaviour, addiction-motivated or otherwise, distils down to the scarcity of means and our intuitions of opportunity costs involved in mak

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3

Grebennikov, Valery G. "Macroeconomic Modeling of the Relationship Between Price and Industry Proportions." Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Ekonomika, no. 55 (2021): 10–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/19988648/55/2.

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The article aims to examine one of the most interesting, in the authors’ opinion, applications of the two-sector model of social technology to identify the relationship between the trajectories of the relative price and the relative share of the product in the total output based on the concept of Pareto optimal, or “efficient”, trajectories of economic growth (i.e. trajectories, each point of which belongs to the surface of production opportunities). Within the framework of this concept, the ratio of prices of individual products corresponds to the marginal rates of these products’ substitutio

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Sun, Fan, Quan Li, and Weiqing Wang. "Frequency Regulation Reserve Allocation for Integrated Hydropower Plant and Energy Storage Systems via the Marginal Substitution." Electronics 14, no. 8 (2025): 1582. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics14081582.

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With the increasing integration of large-scale renewable energy sources, the coordinated participation of hydropower and energy storage in frequency regulation has become a critical means of ensuring the safe and economical operation of power grids. This paper proposes an optimization method for the allocation of frequency regulation reserves between hydropower and energy storage based on marginal substitution rate (MRS) analysis. First, a frequency response model that captures the synergistic interaction between hydropower and energy storage is established, with the root mean square error (RM

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SANDHU, K. S., V. K. ARORA, RAMESH CHAND, B. S. SANDHU, and K. L. KHERA. "OPTIMIZING TIME DISTRIBUTION OF WATER SUPPLY AND FERTILIZER NITROGEN RATES IN RELATION TO TARGETED WHEAT YIELDS." Experimental Agriculture 36, no. 1 (2000): 115–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0014479700361105.

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Long-term field experiments were conducted at six different sites (representing dryland and irrigated environments) with wheat (Triticum aestivum) on sandy loam soils to generate a database relating available water supply and fertilizer nitrogen (N) rate to grain yield. Step-wise multiple regression analysis showed that water supply and fertilizer N at more than 53 cm a−1 and 103 kg ha−1 a−1 were unproductive. A method, based on the principle of equi-marginal productivity of water in different periods of crop growth, has been used to estimate the optimum allocation of the variable amounts of w

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Zhang, Jingxiao, Fangyu Dong, Pablo Ballesteros-Pérez, Hui Li, and Martin Skitmore. "Current and Future Trends of Resource Misallocation in the Construction Industry: A Bibliometric Review with Grounded Theory." Buildings 12, no. 10 (2022): 1731. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12101731.

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Resource misallocation (RM) refers to the existence of marginal output inequalities between different industries or companies in an economy. Prior studies of RM have mostly focused on effect analysis, construction industry structure upgrades, and organization management. However, these studies have been fragmented and unrelated. This paper analyzes the status quo, consequences, and emerging trends of RM research at the macroscopic level based on current problems and with the aim of exploring potential solutions. Drawing on grounded theory, a qualitative analysis using text-mining is used to an

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7

JUSTIN, JOHN STEPHEN RAKESH KUMAR S. MANJHI AND HIMANSHU PARMAR. "A Cobb-Douglas Analysis of Mining & Quarrying Sector in India." INDIAN JOURNAL OF COMMERCE 77, no. 3 (2024): 1–13. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14351090.

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This study investigates the production relationship within the Indian mining and quarrying sector using the Cobb-Douglas production function. The study aims to achieve three key objectives, including describing the production relationship, analysing returns to scale, and determining factor shares. The Indian mineral industry plays a vital role in the economy, with a significant increase in the mineral production index and total value in 2021-2022. The sector consists of metallic and nonmetallic minerals, driving industrial growth. The mining and quarrying sector contributed about 2.40% of Gros

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8

Afanasiev, Anton А., and Olga S. Ponomareva. "Russian macroeconomic production function in regard to infrastructure for 1990-2020." Market economy problems, no. 3 (2022): 16–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.33051/2500-2325-2022-3-16-28.

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In the period 1990-2020, the econometric methods were used to study the national economic production function of Russia, one of the arguments of which is the transport and communication infrastructure represented by the main funds of transport and communications. The results of the study indicate a continuing decline in the elasticity of Russia's GDP in transport and communication infrastructure in 2020 at a lower rate than in previous years. The dynamics of the marginal rate of technological substitution of production factors in 2009-2020 is researched. Among the main reasons for the decline

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9

Zadoia, Anatolii O., and Sergiy B. Kholod. "EXTENSIVE AND INTENSIVE REPRODUCTION: THE RATIO OF ECONOMIC GROWTH FACTORS." Vital cycle of the organizational culture of the trading enterprises 1, no. 14 (2021): 35–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.32342/2616-3853-2021-1-14-4.

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The article is devoted to the development of method for estimating the ratio of extensive and intensive factors of economic growth and its use to assess the situation in the Ukrainian economy. Extensive development, which is based on the quantitative growth of the factors of production used at certain stages, can provide the desired increase in GDP. However, from a historical perspective, their potential is limited. Therefore, the global trend is the strengthening of intensive factors, which are based on the growth of the impact of production factors, their constant improvement on the basis of

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10

Mark, Agyei-Sakyi. "Transition Pathways Towards 100% Sustainable Electricity Generation for America Using Demand and Supply-side Determinants." Annals of Environmental Science and Toxicology 8, no. 1 (2021): 074–76. https://doi.org/10.17352/aest.000082.

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In most countries, energy resources and electricity generation have become the engine of economic growth. This study analyses effective and sustainable energy transition pathways and supply and highlights the commitments of the 2015 Paris Agreement by the United States of America in combating the challenges of global warming. The transition pathways are designed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and advance worldwide temperature to a 1.5 °C average. Again, justifiable transition pathways mostly include energy savings on the demand side, generation efficiency, and fossil fuel substitution by v

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11

Besada, M., and C. Vázquez. "The generalized marginal rate of substitution." Journal of Mathematical Economics 31, no. 4 (1999): 553–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0304-4068(97)00027-x.

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12

Garratt, Rod, and Cheng-Zhong Qin. "Concavifiability and the marginal rate of substitution." Journal of Mathematical Economics 23, no. 4 (1994): 395–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-4068(94)90023-x.

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13

Khatskevich, G., A. Pranevich, and M. Chajkovskij. "TWO-FACTOR PRODUCTION FUNCTIONS WITH GIVEN MARGINAL RATE OF SUBSTITUTION." Экономическая наука сегодня, no. 10 (December 11, 2019): 169–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.21122/2309-6667-2019-10-169-181.

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The article is devoted to the study of inverse problems of identifying two-factor production functions from given marginal rate of technical substitution. The analytical forms of twofactor production functions with given linear-fractionalmarginal rate of technical substitution of labor by capital. Classes of two-factor production functions that correspond to given (constant, linear, linear-fractional, exponential, etc.) marginal rate of technical substitution areindicated. The obtained results can be applied in modeling of production processes.

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14

YANKOVYI, Oleksandr, and Volodymyr YANKOVYI. "OPTIMIZATION OF THE CAPITAL-LABOR RATIO OF INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISES USING PRODUCTION FUNCTIONS." Economy of Ukraine 2019, no. 11-12 (2019): 34–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/economyukr.2019.11.034.

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Neglect of the issues of managing the capital-labor ratio at industrial enterprises and lack of information on the level of its difference from the optimal value are steadily leading to the irrational use of fixed assets and labor. This, in turn, inevitably manifests itself in decreasing competitiveness of individual domestic producers, their deteriorating financial situation and, ultimately, ends in bankruptcy. Thus, it is necessary to constantly monitor the occurrence of suboptimal capital-labor ratio, which is fraught with a relative overabundance of one of the most important production fac

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15

Xu, Xiaoliang, Rong Huang, and Han Cai. "The Impacts on Regional Development and “Resource Curse” by Energy Substitution Policy: Verification from China." Energies 17, no. 17 (2024): 4394. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en17174394.

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With the increasing “resource curse” phenomena relating to energy resources in China, research concerning energy substitution policies has become more meaningful. In this paper, a dynamic CGE model was built to evaluate the impacts of energy substitution policies on regional growth and the “resource curse”. The results show the following: (1) Compared to other regions, an energy substitution policy exerts a more considerable influence on economic growth in regions with high “resource curse”. (2) The changes in carbon emissions in regions with no or low “resource curse” are modest. The primary

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16

Konar, Arup Kanti. "Terminological Inconsistencies of "Elasticity of Substitution," "Substitution Curve," and "Marginal Rate of Substitution": A Correction." Arthshastra : Indian Journal of Economics & Research 2, no. 3 (2013): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.17010/aijer/2013/v2i3/54517.

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17

Marshall, David A. "Comment on: “Estimating the expected marginal rate of substitution”." Journal of Monetary Economics 52, no. 5 (2005): 971–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmoneco.2005.07.009.

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18

Guzman, Noela Sofia, Claudio A. Cañizares, Kankar Bhattacharya, and Daniel Sohm. "Marginal Rate of Technical Substitution curves for frequency regulation services." Electric Power Systems Research 212 (November 2022): 108550. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2022.108550.

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19

Vîlcu, Alina Daniela, and Gabriel Eduard Vîlcu. "On Homogeneous Production Functions with Proportional Marginal Rate of Substitution." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2013 (2013): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/732643.

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We completely classify homogeneous production functions with proportional marginal rate of substitution and with constant elasticity of labor and capital, respectively. These classifications generalize some recent results of C. A. Ioan and G. Ioan (2011) concerning the sum production function.

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20

Brown, Barbara. "Consumer theory based on the marginal rate of substitution function." International Advances in Economic Research 5, no. 2 (1999): 231–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02295077.

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21

Brown, Barbara. "Consumer theory based on the marginal rate of substitution function." International Advances in Economic Research 6, no. 2 (2000): 336–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02296113.

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22

ШЕВРИНА Е.В., ШЕВРИНА Е. В. "THE PRODUCTION FUNCTION IN THE ANALYSIS OF REGIONAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT." Экономика и предпринимательство, no. 2(163) (May 9, 2024): 612–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.34925/eip.2024.163.2.119.

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Построена модель производственной функции Оренбургской области. Дана оценка качества модели. Поведен анализ влияния факторов производства на формирование валового регионального продукта. Исследованы изменения средних и предельных величин ресурсов, предельных норм замещения ресурсов. A model of the production function of the Orenburg region is constructed. An assessment of the quality of the model is given. The analysis of the influence of production factors on the formation of the gross regional product is conducted. The changes in the average and marginal values of resources, and the marginal

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23

Growiec, Jakub, and Jakub Mućk. "ISOELASTIC ELASTICITY OF SUBSTITUTION PRODUCTION FUNCTIONS." Macroeconomic Dynamics 24, no. 7 (2019): 1597–634. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1365100518000950.

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We generalize the normalized constant elasticity of substitution (CES) production function by allowing the elasticity of substitution to vary isoelastically with (i) the relative factor share, (ii) the marginal rate of substitution, (iii) the capital–labor ratio, (iv) the capital share, (v) the capital’s rate of return, or (vi) the capital–output ratio. Ensuing isoelastic elasticity of substitution (IEES) functions have intuitively and analytically desirable properties, for example, self-duality. Empirically, for the post-war US economy we robustly reject the CES specification in favor of the

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24

Alcocer, Christian Diego, Julián Ortegón, and Alejandro Roa. "Uncertainty under hyperbolic discounting: the cost of untying your hands." Journal of Economics, Finance and Administrative Science 24, no. 48 (2019): 176–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jefas-06-2019-0090.

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Purpose The relevance of present consumption bias on personal finance has been confirmed in several studies and has important theoretical and practical implications. It has important, measurable implications when analyzing commitment or self-control, adherence to healthy habits (e.g. exercising or dieting), procrastination tendencies or savings. The purpose of this paper is to contribute to our understanding of these issues by postulating a model of income uncertainty within a hyperbolic discounting framework that measures the cost of financial intertemporal inconsistencies related to this bia

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25

Chiappori, Pierre-Andre, Murat Iyigun, and Yoram Weiss. "THE BECKER–COASE THEOREM RECONSIDERED." Journal of Demographic Economics 81, no. 2 (2015): 157–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/dem.2015.3.

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Abstract:We reconsider the well-known Becker–Coase (BC) theorem according to which changes in divorce law should not affect divorce rates. We do that in a context of households that consume public goods in addition to private goods. For the Becker–Coase theorem to hold in this setting, utility must be transferable both within marriage and upon divorce, and the marginal rate of substitution between public and private consumption needs to be invariant in marital status. We show that if divorce alters the way some goods are consumed (either because some goods that are public in marriage become pr

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26

Crawley, Edmund. "Do Households Substitute Intertemporally? 10 Structural Shocks That Suggest Not." Finance and Economics Discussion Series, no. 2025-021 (March 2025): 1. https://doi.org/10.17016/feds.2025.021.

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I combine microdata on the intertemporal marginal propensity to consume with 10 structural macro shocks to identify the role of intertemporal substitution in consumption behavior. Although some of the structural shocks that I examine lead to large and persistent changes in real interest rates---which in many models would induce a large intertemporal substitution effect---I find no evidence that households shift the timing of their consumption in response to these interest rate changes. Indeed, changes to the expected path of income explain almost all the aggregate consumption response, leaving

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27

Han, Zhi-Yong, Ying Fan, Jian-Ling Jiao, Ji-Sheng Yan, and Yi-Ming Wei. "Energy structure, marginal efficiency and substitution rate: An empirical study of China." Energy 32, no. 6 (2007): 935–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2006.10.008.

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28

Scott, Louis O. "Estimating the Marginal Rate of Substitution in the Intertemporal Capital Asset Pricing Model." Review of Economics and Statistics 71, no. 3 (1989): 365. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1926892.

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29

Flood, Robert P., and Andrew K. Rose. "Estimating the expected marginal rate of substitution: A systematic exploitation of idiosyncratic risk." Journal of Monetary Economics 52, no. 5 (2005): 951–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmoneco.2005.07.008.

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30

Schreuder, H. T., H. G. Li, M. G. Ryan, and C. T. Scott. "Adjusting estimates in two-way tables by incorporating outside information." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 18, no. 10 (1988): 1280–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x88-197.

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When outside estimates are more reliable than some existing tabular estimates of resource statistics, they should be substituted for or combined with the tabular estimates to yield new estimates. Because of this substitution, cell estimates do not sum to the original marginal or overall totals. Various methods can be used to adjust the unchanged cell values to regain additivity. Classical and bootstrap variance estimators are given for the n × 2 case setting a cell proportion at a presumed known value with fixed marginal totals, and for the n × m case setting a cell proportion at a presumed kn

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31

Xue, Jianpo, and Chong K. Yip. "FACTOR SUBSTITUTION AND ECONOMIC GROWTH: A UNIFIED APPROACH." Macroeconomic Dynamics 16, no. 4 (2012): 625–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1365100510000775.

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This paper provides a unified approach to characterizing the relation between factor substitution and economic growth in different one-sector growth models (namely, the Solow, Ramsey, and Diamond models). Our main finding is that if better factor substitution raises savings in the steady state, then a higher per capita income results. There are two channels by which factor substitution affects savings: the positive efficiency effect via income and the ambiguous distribution effect via factor income shares. If the efficiency effect dominates, then a higher elasticity of substitution leads to a

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32

Abo-Zaid, Salem. "CREDIT FRICTIONS AND OPTIMAL LABOR-INCOME TAXATION." Macroeconomic Dynamics 23, no. 07 (2018): 2845–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1365100517000980.

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This paper studies optimal labor-income taxation in a simple model with credit constraints on firms. The labor-income tax rate and the shadow value on the credit constraint induce a wedge between the marginal product of labor and the marginal rate of substitution between labor and consumption. It is found that optimal policy prescribes a volatile path for the labor-income tax rate even in the presence of state-contingent debt and capital. In this respect, credit frictions are akin to a form of market incompleteness. Credit frictions break the equivalence between tax smoothing and wedge smoothi

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33

Hou, ZuoXun. "Remote English Teaching Resource Sharing Based on Internet O2O Model." Scientific Programming 2022 (January 13, 2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/1217807.

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Aiming at the problems of low success rate, delay, and high communication cost in distance English teaching resource sharing, this paper puts forward a method of distance English teaching resource sharing based on Internet O2O mode. Based on the model of distance English teaching resource sharing, this paper designs four processes: query, reply, resource substitution, and resource sharing optimization. Experimental results show that the proposed method can achieve high success rate of resource sharing, low latency, communication cost, and high transmission efficiency. Therefore, it is an effec

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34

Vîlcu, Alina-Daniela, and Gabriel-Eduard Vîlcu. "On Quasi-Homogeneous Production Functions." Symmetry 11, no. 8 (2019): 976. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym11080976.

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In this paper, we investigate the class of quasi-homogeneous production models, obtaining the classification of such models with constant elasticity with respect to an input as well as with respect to all inputs. Moreover, we prove that a quasi-homogeneous production function f satisfies the proportional marginal rate of substitution property if and only f reduces to some symmetric production functions.

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35

Djordjevic, Marija. "Consumption-based macroeconomic models of asset pricing theory." Ekonomski anali 61, no. 211 (2016): 7–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/eka1611007d.

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The family of consumptionbased asset pricing models yields a stochastic discount factor proportional to the marginal rate of intertemporal substitution of consumption. In examining the empirical performance of this class of models, several puzzles are discovered. In this literature review we present the canonical model, the corresponding empirical tests, and different extensions to this model that propose a resolution of these puzzles.

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Besada, Manuel, Javier García, Miguel Mirás, and Carmen Vázquez. "Generalized marginal rate of substitution in multiconstraint consumer’s problems and their reciprocal expenditure problems." SERIEs 2, no. 3 (2011): 401–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13209-011-0037-8.

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37

Lustig, Hanno, and Adrien Verdelhan. "Investing in Foreign Currency is like Betting on Your Intertemporal Marginal Rate of Substitution." Journal of the European Economic Association 4, no. 2-3 (2006): 644–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jeea.2006.4.2-3.644.

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Vîlcu, Alina Daniela, and Gabriel Eduard Vîlcu. "Some characterizations of the quasi-sum production models with proportional marginal rate of substitution." Comptes Rendus Mathematique 353, no. 12 (2015): 1129–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.crma.2015.09.019.

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Heron, D. H., and F. A. Jacobs. "THE ECONOMICS OF MARGINAL OFFSHORE OILFIELDS IN AUSTRALIA." APPEA Journal 26, no. 1 (1986): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj85007.

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Australia's self sufficiency in oil will drop to below 50 per cent by the middle of the next decade unless major discoveries are made within the next few years. There is still a confusing series of permit regimes and fiscal frameworks applicable to exploration and development operations, and no indication of any upturn in offshore activity. If the decline in self sufficiency is to be halted, Industry needs to be assured that it will be allowed to operate under a simple unchanging set of rules such that it is guaranteed a fair return on its risk capital investment.There are many marginal oil di

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Sueyoshi, Toshiyuki, and Mika Goto. "Returns to Scale, Damages to Scale, Marginal Rate of Transformation and Rate of Substitution in DEA Environmental Assessment." Energy Economics 34, no. 4 (2012): 905–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eneco.2012.04.003.

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41

von Weizsäcker, Carl Christian. "Böhm-Bawerk and Hicks modernized." European Journal of Economics and Economic Policies: Intervention 17, no. 2 (2020): 208–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4337/ejeep.2020.02.10.

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The paper offers a modernized Böhm-Bawerkian approach to capital theory. The Wicksell effect turns out to be a measure for the degree of vertical distribution of labor. I show that a marginal rise in the rate of interest reduces the (modernized) period of production. A ‘generalized golden rule of accumulation’ is one result of our approach. Based on these results I define a coefficient of intertemporal substitution (CIS). As opposed to the traditional elasticity of substitution between labor and capital, the CIS is also well defined for negative real rates of interest. This is important in the

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42

Douch, Mohamed, and Mohammed Bouaddi. "Revisiting Equity Premium Puzzles in a Data-Rich Environment." Applied Economics Quarterly: Volume 65, Issue 4 65, no. 4 (2019): 257–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3790/aeq.65.4.257.

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Abstract This paper modifies the conventional representative-agent consumption-based equilibrium models by making the habit-formation part depend on additional factors related to economic conditions. This paper assumes that innovations in the consumption surplus ratio are determined not only by consumption growth but also by other macroeconomic and financial factors. The resulting model allowed for a separation between the intertemporal elasticity of substitution and risk aversion. The model also generates highly volatile Intertemporal marginal rate of substitution which translates into fluctu

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43

Knapp, Keith C. "Exhaustible Resource Allocation, Intergenerational Equity, and Sustainability." Agricultural and Resource Economics Review 25, no. 1 (1996): 60–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1068280500000083.

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An OLG model with exhaustible resources and solar energy is developed, and equilibrium time paths are characterized numerically using recursive methods. For the parameter values considered, resource prices increase over time, and extractions, output, and utility decline over time until a steady-state is reached. Decreasing the intertemporal elasticity of substitution or raising consumers' subjective discount rate hastens exhaustion of the resource stock. Market equilibrium can result in much quicker use of the stock than social optimality under a constant discount rate, with consequent higher

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44

Papakonstantinidis, Leonidas A. "The Marginal Rate of Substitution, in Relation with the Win-win-win Papakonstantinidis Model—Lessons from Linear B." Journal of Business Theory and Practice 12, no. 2 (2024): p100. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/jbtp.v12n2p100.

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The Marginal Rate of Substitution-which is analyzed from the view of Political Economy-leads our thoughts into the pure individualism and the need to interpret all the transactions we make and the corresponding decisions through the maximization of our individual satisfaction.In the opposite, the suggested “win-win-win papakonstantinidis model” (coming from Nash win-win extended approach) tries to find ways for the three-pole bargaining conceptual equilibrium, under conditions, thus maximizing expected utilities for all the involved parties AND the Community in local decision-making by applyin

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45

Shimer, Robert. "Convergence in Macroeconomics: The Labor Wedge." American Economic Journal: Macroeconomics 1, no. 1 (2009): 280–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/mac.1.1.280.

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I review research on the behavior of the labor wedge, the ratio between the marginal rate of substitution of consumption for leisure and the marginal product of labor. According to competitive, market-clearing macroeconomic models, the ratio is easy to measure and should be equal to the sum of consumption and labor taxes. The observation that the wedge is higher in continental Europe than in the United States has proved useful for understanding the extent to which taxes can explain differences in labor market outcomes. The observation that the ratio rises during recessions suggests some failur

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Kim, C. S., Glenn Schaible, and Stan Daberkow. "The Relative Impacts of U.S. Bio-Fuel Policies on Fuel-Energy Markets: A Comparative Static Analysis." Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics 42, no. 1 (2010): 121–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1074070800003333.

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Rapidly declining gasoline prices from their record high during the summer of 2008, while ethanol prices remained relatively high, made it difficult for many bio-fuel policy modelers to fully explain the impacts of U.S. bio-fuel policies on fuel prices. Using profit-maximization models for blenders, refiners, and distillers, we conduct a comparative static analysis to measure the relative magnitudes of the impacts of tax credits and blending mandates on fuel-energy market equilibrium prices. Our results indicate that first, the prices of all fuels including conventional gasoline, ethanol, and

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Mance, Davor, Nenad Vretenar, and Jana Katunar. "Opportunity Cost Classification of Goods and Markets." Central European Public Administration Review 13, no. 1 (2015): 119–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.17573/ipar.2015.1.06.

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Sixty years ago, Samuelson’s “Pure Theory of Public Expenditure” expounded the classification of goods, and Bain’s “Economies of Scale, Concentration and the Condition of Entry in Twenty Manufacturing Industries” expounded the structure-conduct-performance paradigm. To the present day, rivalry in- and excludability from consumption classify goods, and subadditivity and irreversibility in production classify market structure. Opportunity costs of production in the form of prospective sunk costs incentivise investment and production, and the sunk costs themselves induce subadditivities, speciali

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Savadogo, Nafissatou, Adamah Messan, Kinda Hannawi, William Prince Agbodjan, and François Tsobnang. "Durability of Mortar Containing Coal Bottom Ash as a Partial Cementitious Resource." Sustainability 12, no. 19 (2020): 8089. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12198089.

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This research work focuses on the study of the durability of composite cements based on coal bottom ash powder produced by SONICHAR in Niger. After a physicochemical and environmental characterization of the coal bottom ash powder, mortar test specimens were made. In these specimens, 10%, 15% and 20% of cement were replaced by identical mass percentages of coal bottom ash powder. Durability studies focused on the determination of the chloride ions apparent diffusion coefficient, the measurement of the depth of carbonation and the accelerated ammonium nitrate leaching. The influence of carbonat

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POITRAS, GEOFFREY, and JOHN HEANEY. ""HOW IS THE STOCK MARKET DOING?" USING ABSENCE OF ARBITRAGE TO MEASURE STOCK MARKET PERFORMANCE." Annals of Financial Economics 04, no. 01 (2008): 0850001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010495208500012.

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This paper provides a methodology for measuring stock market performance based on the restrictions provided by absence of arbitrage in security prices. Under the null hypothesis that the aggregate cumulative dividend-price process follows a geometric Brownian motion, a closed form related to the inter-temporal marginal rate of substitution is derived and empirically evaluated. The stock market performance measure is based on the level of risk adjustment required to compare the value of the stock index at the starting point with the cumulative interest rate deflated value at any given point in

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Sueyoshi, Toshiyuki, and Yan Yuan. "Marginal Rate of Transformation and Rate of Substitution measured by DEA environmental assessment: Comparison among European and North American nations." Energy Economics 56 (May 2016): 270–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eneco.2016.01.017.

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