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Journal articles on the topic 'Marginalité – Nigeria'
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1
Elechi, Maraizu. "Western Racist Ideologies and the Nigerian Predicament." Dialogue and Universalism 31, no. 1 (2021): 87–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/du20213116.
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Racism is responsible for discrimination against some citizens in Nigeria. It influences government's policies and actions and militates against equity and equal opportunity for all. It has effaced indigenous values and ebbed the country into groaning predicaments of shattered destiny and derailed national development. Racism hinges on superciliousness and the assumed superiority of one tribe and religion over the others. These bring to the fore two forms of racism in Nigeria: institutional and interpersonal racisms. The Western selfish motive to dominate, marginalize, and sustain economic gains, political expansion, psycho-mental control, and socio-cultural devaluations escalated racism in Nigeria. Racist ideologies were entrenched through the selfish ventures of slave trade, colonialism and neo-colonialism, which enforced an unprecedented unjust harvest of impugnable systemic practices. Neo-colonial forces continue to promote ethnocentrism, cultural imperialism, and the dehumanization, exploitation, oppression, and suppression of Africans. Adopting a methodical approach of critical analysis, this article spotlights the negative effects of racism on Nigeria's development. However, the bristling challenges of racist ideologies can be resolved within the epistemological compass of gynist deconstruction approach to human thought and action for a better universe of one human race.
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Ujomu, Philip Ogochukwu. "Corruption, Marginality and Social Disorder as Threats to National and Human Security in Nigeria." Tattva - Journal of Philosophy 7, no. 2 (July 5, 2015): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.12726/tjp.14.1.
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This essay focuses on the issue of corruption, marginality and the social disorder attending it, as threats to national and human security in Nigeria. It not only examines the problems of corruption in Nigeria and the implications of this for national security, but also, discusses the role of an ethical idea of citizenship in tackling corruption and reinventing the political community. In Nigeria, corruption has played a key role in aggravating the political and economic crisis besetting the country. Depreciation of human dignity and collapse of infrastructures have ensured the systematic elite misappropriation of state power, the primitive accumulation of capital, ethno-cultural intolerance and political manipulation in the society. This paper searches for a set of norms capable of mitigating needless dehumanization and inequalities, and improving welfare of the majority by evolving public citizens oriented to the common good.
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Izugbara, Chimaraoke O. "Constituting the Unsafe: Nigerian Sex Workers' Notions of Unsafe Sexual Conduct." African Studies Review 50, no. 3 (December 2007): 29–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/arw.2008.0025.
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Abstract:This article reports findings of a qualitative inquiry on representations of unsafe sexual conduct among female sex workers in Aba, Nigeria. Participating sex workers viewed their work as a form of business, a survival imperative in the face of poverty, and they generally considered it both risky and disgraceful. However, they frequently framed unsafe sexual behavior in terms of poorly remunerated unprotected sex with clients. Sex workers in the study were not only generally willing to grant, but also confirmed regularly granting, unprotected sex to clients offering to pay a premium for it. Receiving “good money” for unprotected sex made higher degrees of risk acceptable to these women and was considered an effective way to avoid clients assumed to be carriers of infections. In their struggle for sexual health, sex workers in Nigeria are hindered by poverty, powerlessness, and marginality. Future programs must aim, inter alia, at supporting sex workers' willingness to insist on condoms no matter what clients offer them to do otherwise.
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Morve, Roshan K. "Representation of History in Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie’s Half of a Yellow Sun (2006." Asian Journal of Humanity, Art and Literature 2, no. 1 (June 30, 2015): 23–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.18034/ajhal.v2i1.291.
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This study deals with the conflict of Nigerian Biafran War 6 July, 1960-15 January, 1967 as represented in Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie’s novel Half of a Yellow Sun (2006). The study attempts to address the following four questions: first, what are the causes-effects of Biafran/Civil war? Second, why Nigerians have been suffering during the wartime? Third, how does the representation of Nigerian history enable understanding of the post-colonial issues? And final, what is the role of conflict in Nigerian history? In order to understand this conflict, the study addresses the detailed analysis of war conflict, ethnic conflict, class conflict, military conflict and eco-political conflict. The post-colonial approach becomes one of the ways of engaging the theoretical understanding of the novel Half of a Yellow Sun. In sum up, the novel is located with the issues of marginality, history and conflict, which interrogates through post-colonial theoretical formations and the six-phase structure of war novels.
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Meagher, Kate. "Informal Economies and Urban Governance in Nigeria: Popular Empowerment or Political Exclusion?" African Studies Review 54, no. 2 (September 2011): 47–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/arw.2011.0026.
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Abstract:This article examines how popular organizational strategies and coping mechanisms affect broader trajectories of urban governance in contemporary Africa. Does the proliferation of informal livelihood networks and associations foster economic empowerment and popular political participation, or do these informal processes breed poverty and organizational chaos? This article explores the link between popular organizational strategies and structural outcomes, focusing on how institutional process and power relations shape the access of the poor to resources and decision-making structures in decentralizing urban environments. Case studies from Nigeria trace how liberalization has fragmented informal organizational strategies into networks of accumulation and survival that tend to marginalize the interests of the poor within informal enterprise associations. Distinctive political strategies of informal enterprise associations are analyzed to show why dynamic informal organization is unable to break through the barriers of social and legal marginalization that trap the urban poor in cliental forms of political incorporation. This suggests that “social capital” within the informal economy may fail to improve popular political representation and governance outcomes even in contexts of decentralization.
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Ikelegbe, Augustine. "Engendering civil society: oil, women groups and resource conflicts in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria." Journal of Modern African Studies 43, no. 2 (June 2005): 241–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x05000820.
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Civil society has been an active mobilisational and agitational force in the resource conflicts of the Niger Delta region in Nigeria. The paper examines the gender segment of civil society and its character, forms and roles in these conflicts. The central argument is that marginality can be a basis of gendered movements and their engagement in struggles for justice, accommodation and fair access to benefits. Utilising secondary data and primary data elicited from oral interviews, the study identifies and categorises women groupings and identifies their roles and engagements in the oil economy. It finds that community women organisations (CWOs), with the support of numerous grass-roots women organisations, are the most active and frequently engaged in the local oil economies, where they have constructed and appropriated traditional women protests as an instrument of engagement. The paper notes the implications of women protest engagements and particularly their exasperation with previous engagements, the depth of their commitments, and the extension of the struggle beyond the threshold of normal social behaviour.
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Haugen, Heidi Østbø. "African Pentecostal Migrants in China: Marginalization and the Alternative Geography of a Mission Theology." African Studies Review 56, no. 1 (April 2013): 81–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/asr.2013.7.
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Abstract:The city of Guangzhou, China, hosts a diverse and growing population of foreign Christians. The religious needs of investors and professionals have been accommodated through government approval of a nondenominational church for foreigners. By contrast, African Pentecostal churches operate out of anonymous buildings under informal and fragile agreements with law-enforcement officers. The marginality of the churches is mirrored by the daily lives of the church-goers: Many are undocumented immigrants who restrain their movements to avoid police interception. In contrast to these experiences, the churches present alternative geographies where the migrants take center stage. First, Africans are given responsibility for evangelizing the Gospel, as Europeans are seen to have abandoned their mission. Second, China is presented as a pivotal battlefield for Christianity. And finally, Guangzhou is heralded for its potential to deliver divine promises of prosperity. This geographical imagery assigns meaning to the migration experience, but also reinforces ethnic isolation. The analysis is based on in-depth interviews, participant observation, and video recordings of sermons in a Pentecostal church in Guangzhou with a predominately Nigerian congregation.
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Akingbe, Niyi, and Charles Terseer Akwen. "STAUNCHING NIGER DELTA’S OIL CURSE: STEMMING THE TIDE OF YOUTH RESTIVENESS IN CHIMEKA GARRICKS’S TOMORROW DIED YESTERDAY (2010)." Commonwealth Youth and Development 14, no. 1 (March 7, 2017): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.25159/1727-7140/1380.
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An attempt to illustrate how the environment has a far-reaching, marked impact on literature in respect of Chimeka Garricks’s Tomorrow Died Yesterday (2010) entails an eclectic, cross-disciplinary preoccupation. It is an initiative that considers why Niger Delta’s youths have to contend with not only enduring economic disenfranchisement but also environmental degradation emanating from regular oil spillages in the region. Often in a particular ecocritical literary work, a writer has to present a balanced view. For Garricks, artistic, political, economic and environmental concerns raised in the novel are inextricably interwoven with Niger Delta’s youth restiveness. The article reassesses how this novel portrays the interaction between environmental degradation and youth marginalisation in the oil-bearing Delta region in contemporary Nigeria. It further examines the way Garricks explores the theme of environmental devaluation of his Niger Delta society as it impinges on the youth restiveness in Tomorrow Died Yesterday. The paper interrogates the power of imagination in its appropriation of word, imagery and symbolism to represent the debilitating problematic of environmental concerns in the oil-bearing region of Nigeria  Ecocriticism is utilised as the theoretical framework to argue that socio ecological  issues of the Niger Delta constitute the maJor focus of the novel as they underpin the economic  emasculation  of youths from the region,  underlined  in the lives of the characters  portrayed in the novel. The paper concludes that the radical transformation  of the Niger  Delta from  a peaceful  littoral  haven  into the ransom taking  enclave  of the present  is grounded  in Garricks's  creative  depiction  of the youths' debilitating economic marginality, derived from the perilous environmental degradation of that region in the past decades.
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LOTT, DEREK A. "The species of Acylophorus Nordmann (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Staphylininae) in continental sub-Saharan Africa." Zootaxa 2402, no. 1 (March 18, 2010): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2402.1.1.
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Types of Acylophorus delphinus Fauvel from Madagascar and Acylophorus species found in continental sub-Saharan Africa are revised. Lectotypes are designated for the following species: A. orientalis Fauvel, A. picipennis Bernhauer, A. densipennis Bernhauer, A. antennalis Cameron, A. tenuiceps Bernhauer, A. collarti Cameron, A. congoensis Cameron, A. mareei Bernhauer, A. trigonocephalus Cameron and A. grandis Bernhauer. Type material for A. rufipennis Cameron could not be located and the name is considered to be a nomen dubium. The following new synonymies are established: A. orientalis Fauvel = A. picipennis Bernhauer syn. n., = A. marginalis Cameron syn. n.; A. antennalis Cameron = A. tenuiceps Bernhauer syn. n.; A. trigonocephalus Cameron = A. lomaensis Bordoni syn. n. Seven new species are described: A. nitens sp. n. from Sudan, A. tshuapensis sp. n. from Congo, A. makhoreae sp. n. from Ethiopia, A. micans sp. n. from Côte d’Ivoire and Gabon, A. salifi sp. n. from Burkina Faso, A. minor sp. n. from Côte d’Ivoire and Nigeria, and A. setiger sp. n. from Bioko (Equatorial Guinea). A key is given to species groups defined by easily observed characters. Comparative diagnoses are given for species, their distributions mapped and their bionomics detailed where data are available. Forebodies, terminal segments of the maxillary palpi, antennae and aedeagi are figured for all species, except those represented by material with these parts missing. Mandibles and secondary sexual characters are figured for selected species.
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Ingwe, Richard, Joseph K. Ukwayi, and Edward U. Utam. "Federal Revenue Sharing, Marginalisation and Sub-National Inter-Regional Inequality in Human Capital Development in South-Eastern and Southern Nigeria." Quaestiones Geographicae 32, no. 2 (June 1, 2013): 51–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/quageo-2013-0013.
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Abstract Regional development planning/management responds to needs for preventing inequality among regions within nations characterised by multi-culturality and variation among regions, through the planning/management of appropriate programmes and policies. This paper examines inequality in the development of two of Nigeria’s states in the geographical South-East and the political South-South. Among other issues, historical conflicts among various ethno-cultural groups constituting Nigeria and culminating in violence (e.g. the 1967-1970 civil war fought against the programme of Ibo (a socio-cultural group) seceding from Nigeria’s federation to found Biafra) are reviewed. Despite Nigeria’s tragic civil war, inequality persists. We examine inequality resulting from systematic implementation of policies/programmes of Nigeria’s federal government institutions that marginalise Cross River State. Using the methods of comparative analysis and a descriptive case study, we show the consequences of marginalisation policies implemented by the federal government alone or in collaboration with (i.e. in support of) Akwa Ibom State for the development of human capital in Cross River State. The specific acts of marginalisation referred to here include: the ceding of the Bakassi Peninsula - a part of Cross River State - to the Republic of Cameroon in 2005, and more recently (2009) another ceding of 76 oil wells, hitherto the property of Cross River State, to Akwa Ibom State. We argue that, strengthened by marginalising/polarising policies (higher revenue allocation based on derivation principle of oil production), Akwa Ibom’s ongoing implementation of free education policy promises to facilitate its achievement of millennium development goals in basic education by 2015, beyond which it might reach disproportionately higher levels of tertiary educational attainment by 2024 and after. By contrast, the contrived dwindling of oil revenue accruing to Cross River State deprives it of funding for competitive human capital development programme(s). We recommend that Cross River State employs serious monitoring of marginalising schemes against its people considering recent traumatising experience, and plan/implement human capital development programmes aimed to improve its competitiveness under the context of intra-regional inequality.
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Aruwayo, A., S. S. Adeola, and U. Ibrahim. "Assessment of the challenges of nomadic farming activities in Daura agricultural zone of Katsina State, Nigeria." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 48, no. 2 (March 2, 2021): 200–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v48i2.2930.
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Nomads have been credited to be the producers the chunk of the ruminants in Nigeria yet have been greatly marginalized. This study assessed the challenges of nomadic activities in selected four Local Government Areas (LGA) comprising of Daura, Sandamu, Dutsi and Mai'adua in Daura Agricultural Zone of Katsina State, Nigeria. A Multi-stage sampling procedure was employed in the selection of 60 nomads in the study area. Using a well structured questionnaire, information was gathered from the selected respondents with the help of trained enumerators. The information collected include socio-economic characteristics of the farmers, types of animals kept by them as well as the challenges they faced in the process of carrying out nomadic activities. The information obtained from them was analyzed using descriptive statistics. The study revealed that the major age group is 61- 70 years and about 37% of the respondents have no form of formal education. Most of the nomads keep more cattle (63% having more than 200 heads) and less of camel and goats (77% and 88% having less than 50 camels and goats respectively). The major challenges they face are disease and pest attack (90%), insecurity (60%) and inadequate water (83%). A request for accessible veterinary services, adequate security, and a model school designed to meet the peculiarity of the nomads was made. The study concludes that establishment of ranches will improve output and better living standards among the nomads. The study recommends from the response in the research that training in modern animal rearing systems and ranching should be vigorously pursued. Les nomades ont été crédités d'être les producteurs de la part des ruminants au Nigeria, mais ils ont été fortement marginalisés. Cette étude a évalué les défis des activités nomades dans quatre zones de gouvernement local (LGA) sélectionnées comprenant Daura, Sandamu, Dutsi et Mai'adua dans la zone agricole de Daura dans l'État de Katsina, au Nigéria. Une procédure d'échantillonnage en plusieurs étapes a été utilisée dans la sélection de 60 nomades dans la zone d'étude. À l'aide d'un questionnaire bien structuré, l'information a été recueillie auprès des répondants sélectionnés à l'aide de recensements formés. Les informations recueillies comprennent les caractéristiques socio-économiques des agriculteurs, les types d'animaux qu'ils ont gardés ainsi que les défis auxquels ils ont été confrontés dans le processus de réalisation d'activités nomades. Les informations obtenues à partir d'eux ont été analysées à l'aide de statistiques descriptives. L'étude a révélé que le groupe d'âge principal est âgé de 61 à 70 ans et qu'environ 37 % des répondants n'ont aucune forme d'éducation formelle. La plupart des nomades gardent plus de bovins (63 % ont plus de 200 têtes) et moins de chameaux et de chèvres (77 % et 88 % ont moins de 50 chameaux et chèvres respectivement). Les principaux défis auxquels ils sont confrontés sont les attaques de maladies et de ravageurs (90 %), l'insécurité (60 %) et l'insuffisance de l'eau (83 %). Une demande de services vétérinaires accessibles, une sécurité adéquate et une école modèle conçue pour répondre à la particularité des nomades ont été faites. L'étude conclut que l'établissement de ranchs améliorera la production et l'amélioration du niveau de vie des nomades. L'étude recommande, d'après la réponse de la recherche, que la formation aux systèmes modernes d'élevage soit vigoureusement poursuivie.
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Ujomu, Philip, and Felix Olatunji. "Democratic theories and the problem of political participation in Nigeria: Strengthening consensus and the rule of law." Human Affairs 24, no. 1 (January 1, 2014). http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s13374-014-0211-3.
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AbstractThis paper addresses the problem of the strategies and theories of democratic participation in Nigeria that breed institutional marginality and bad governance due to shortfalls in pursuing the values of justice and empowerment as core democratic characteristics. The same democratic principles such as voting, parliament, constitution, judiciary, that are suggestive of gains such as responsible use, and peaceful transfer of power may not have translated fully into sociopolitical empowerment for responsibility and representation in evolving democratic practice in Nigeria due to problems of agency and political ideology. Democratic theorizing and participation in Nigeria has defied orthodox presuppositions seen in the disrespect for basic rights and the disregard for the rule of law in democracy that allow for fair play within and among the elites and political grassroots. Thus this study investigates the Nigerian predicament as a model or case study, raising questions about the reasons for the systematic disempowerment of groups.
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"Pseudomonas marginalis pv. marginalis. [Distribution map]." Distribution Maps of Plant Diseases, no. 3) (August 1, 1993). http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/dmpd/20046500357.
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Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Pseudomonas marginalis pv. marginalis (Brown) Stevens. Hosts: Lettuce (Lactuca sativa) and a wide range of other hosts. Information is given on the geographical distribution in Africa, Egypt, Ethiopia, Kenya, Nigeria, South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda, Asia, India, Japan, Korea, Nepal, Australasia, Australia, Tasmania, Northern Territory, New South Wales, Queensland, Victoria, South Australia, New Zealand, Europe, Austria, Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Portugal, Spain, UK, Great Britain, Yugoslavia, North America, Bermuda, Canada, Manitoba, Ontario, Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Island, USA, Florida, Kansas, Missouri, New Jersey, New York, Montana, Tennessee, Utah, Central America & West Indies, Barbados, South America, Argentina, Brazil.
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Cruz, Joëlle M., and Chigozirim Utah Sodeke. "Debunking Eurocentrism in Organizational Communication Theory: Marginality and Liquidities in Postcolonial Contexts." Communication Theory, April 16, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ct/qtz038.
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Abstract This article centers marginal organizational actors—the disenfranchised of the Global South—to remedy their theoretical erasure and disrupt the Anglo-American grand narrative of organizational communication. This task is urgent amidst discussions of decolonization and whiteness in the discipline. We reengage Western theory on liquidity, hereby conceptualized as shape-shifting and adaptive organizing, moving like a liquid at the margins. We draw on fieldworks in Nigeria and Liberia to unearth three properties of liquidity in postcolonial contexts: motion, solvency, and permeability. Motion refers to movement, solvency refers to the ability to dissolve into one's surroundings, and permeability refers to organizing that infiltrates life and vice versa. This article bears three theoretical contributions. First, it provides a blueprint to dislodge Eurocentric biases (Anglo-American) in organizational communication theory. Second, it models what decolonizing theory may look like. Finally, it provides more complex, nuanced, and inclusive theoretical accounts of liquidities in global landscapes.
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Iwilade, Akin. "Everyday agency and centred marginality: being “youth” in the oil-rich Niger Delta of Nigeria." Ateliers d'anthropologie, no. 47 (January 14, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/ateliers.12277.
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Swartz, Sharlene, and Anye Nyamnjoh. "Research as freedom: Using a continuum of interactive, participatory and emancipatory methods for addressing youth marginality." HTS Teologiese Studies / Theological Studies 74, no. 3 (October 18, 2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/hts.v74i3.5063.
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This article offers an analysis of a continuum along which interactive, participatory and emancipatory inquiries may be placed in critical qualitative research with a social justice focus. It draws on critical distinctions to make the argument that labelling research ‘participatory’ hides both interactive approaches and those that might be seen to be emancipatory in the vein of Paolo Freire and Stanley Biggs. To support the argument for a continuum of engaged research, four recent research studies from South Africa, Cameroon, Nigeria and Sierra Leone that address youth marginality and views on an array of topics are discussed with a view to articulating divergences and convergences in approaches. Included are considerations around adapting research for specific audiences and participants, the location of power, research ethics, as well as the demystification and democratisation of knowledge ownership and generation, and the nature of collaboration. The article offers tentative criteria by which research may be located along the suggested continuum and argues that an emancipatory approach, whilst being key to bringing about change or freedom, is a difficult but not impossible aim to achieve in research.