Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Mari (Ville ancienne) – Civilisation'
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Carrera, Espartaco. "La moyenne vallée du Khabour raisonnée : discussion sur son intégration économique au troisième millénaire avant notre ère." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/28572.
Full textShawaly, Kawah. "Les Turukkéens au deuxième millénaire av. J. -C. : un peuple de montagnards face à la civilisation mésopotamienne." Paris 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA010673.
Full textAbrahami, Philippe. "L'armée à Mari." Paris 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA010602.
Full textThe scope of this thesis is to describe the military establishments at mari, an ancient kingdom located on the euphrate valley. The corpus of texts discovered in the royal palace covers around thirty years (1810?-1762). It includes royal correspondance and administratives documents. Chapter I is mainly concerned by the differents types of soldiers which composed the permanent army. Chapter II deals with the question of military grouping drawn from the services demanded by the king to his vassals and allies. Chapter III is about the organisation of the military establishment. A study of the military titles is presented. Very often the documents reveals that the army consisted of large forces made at disposal by levy. An analysis of this process is also proposed. Chapter IV offers a study of the weaponry. This study is based on a large scale of texts concerned by the manufacturing and distribution of weapons. Chapter V describes the elements of military tactics encountered in the mari texts (incursions, ambushes, maneuvers in the battle field etc. . . ) Chapter VI describes the siege devices and the defenses preparations
Pons, Nina. "La poterie de mari (syrie) de l'epoque des shakkanakku a la chute de la ville sous zimri-lim." Paris, EPHE, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000EPHE4009.
Full textGuichard, Michaël. "La vaisselle de luxe des rois de Mari d'après leurs archives palatiales." Paris 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA010521.
Full textThis volume is the edition and the commentary of about 300 documents discovered amongst the archives of mart kings (Syria, XVIIIe s. B. C. ). Written in Akkadian, an old-babylonian dialect, they give the opportunity of scrutinizing, besides kings wealth, many unsuspected aspects of diplomatic exchanges between major contemporaneous royal courts. They give access to an archaeological documentation which was lost due to the heavy looting of great middle-eastern centers in antiquity. Last of all, knowledge of masterpieces circulation allows a better understanding of artistic trends genesis in middle- east, at the begining of the iind millennium b. C. This research is not only a historical one. It includes extensive lexical studies, aiming to establish luxury vessels glossary : denominations of artefacts, constitutive parts of the objects, descriptions of ornaments, etc. It pretends to constitute a significant contribution to the dictionnaire de babylonien de Paris elaborated after publishing of mari documentation by the Parisian scholarly team who devotes his efforts to them
Bendakir, Mahmoud. "Problemes de la preservation des architectures en briques de terre crue. Etude de cas : le site archeologique de mari (syrie)." Paris, EPHE, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000EPHE4011.
Full textBoudribila, Mohamed-Mustapha. "Carthage et l'Afrique du nord au cours du Ve siècle av. Notre ère." Besançon, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992BESA1014.
Full textRoche, Marie-Jeanne. "Niches à bétyles et monuments apparentés à Petra." Paris 10, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA100241.
Full textJacquet, Antoine. "Le culte et son calendrier à Mari au XVIIIe siècle avant notre ère." Paris 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA010672.
Full textColonna, d'Istria Laurent. "Evolution des traditions culturelles dans la vallée du moyen Euphrate de la fin du Bronze Ancien au début du Bronze Moyen." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LYO20108.
Full textThe valley of the Middle Euphrates, hyphen between South Mesopotamia and Western Syria, was ruled by a šakkanakku lived in Mari (Tell Hariri, Syria) during the end of the third millennium and early second millennium. This time period named "šakkanakku-period" is particularly studied since twenty years An overview of archaeological and historical data from the Middle Euphrates valley during the time of šakkanakku suggest that the kingdom of Mari during that time has established itself as a power independent and prosperous until the 19th century (end of the time of šakkanakku) where data are less explicit historically. The new text data from Mari, and Terqa (north of Mari), of the most dated from the end of šakkanakku-period, shows continuance and ruptures between the end of šakkanakku-period and the next period ("Amorite-period"). This continuance and ruptures are examined in several areas such as language, "scribal tradition" or in the legal tradition. The dialect of this text (19th century) shows that linguistic tradition is deeply rooted in the universe Syria. After the advent of the Amorite Yahdun-Lim who ended the time of the šakkanakku the Syrian characteristics in the dialect remains present, but it is less important because a reform of writing modeled on southern Mesopotamia (Iraq current), probably due to the preponderance of political Ešnunna during the end of the 19th century. Finally, this new text has also allowed dealing the historical interaction of the last šakkanakku Mari with condottieri Amorite whose father Yahdun-Lim in the 19th century
Pozzer, Katia Maria Paim. "Les archives privées de marchands à Larsa pendant la deuxième moitié du règne de Rim-Sín." Paris 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA010618.
Full textThis study starts with a historical synthesis of Larsa's kingdom during rim-sin's reign based on the official sources and some new tablets from Mari. It gives also a glimpse on the geography of the territory, of the archaeological sites and the history of the diggings. Then, we reconstructed the archives of few merchants : Amurrum-Demi, Ubar-Samas, Sep-Sin and Sin-Uselli. We established the typology of the various contracts and we achieved a prosopographical study of this documentation. We analysed the various economical activities of these merchants, mainly their estate policy, the slave trade and silver loans. Finally, we discussed the question of economical and social reforms decided by Rim-Sin, and the adoption of a new dating system used in administrative texts
Zaitoun, Caroline. "Les cosmétiques dans le monde "palatial" égéen de l'Âge du Bronze." Thesis, Paris 10, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA100152.
Full textThe study about aegean cosmetics in the Bronze Age deals with very perishable and fugacious products, unguents and make-up, in an ancient and very peculiar context, that of the minoan and mycenaean palatial period. We give a wide definition to the term « cosmetics », which include every kind of preparations to apply or to add to the body, for its embellishment, the improvement of its condition and for making it pleasant. Cosmetic materials form the base of the work. The simple ingredient are first recorded and fully analysed. After that, we try to determine their place and their course, in a production procès, controlled by monumental buildings of the large urban centers, usually called « palaces ». The latter played an important role in a specially centralised industry. We try to reconstruct various recipes, an organisation of the production and a system of administrative management of this economical sector. The textual documentation (tablets of accounts in the mycenaean writing), as the archaeological and iconographical ones suggest important cultual uses and liturgical preparations, comparable to those of contemporaneous civilisations of the Near East. But more generally, the approach, comparative and diachronic, leans on the various knowledges in the field of cosmetics, those of Antiquity and of other periods
Boëlle, Cécile. "Les divinités féminines dans le panthéon mycénien d'après les archives en linéaire B." Nancy 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998NAN21007.
Full textThe history of pre-hellenic religions, based on J. Bachofen's theories about prehistoric matriarchy, has for a long time strongly emphasized the figure of a great omnipotent goddess accompanied by a young god presented as both her son and her lover. Following A. Evans, lots of scholars have agreed to this view of dual monotheism, the more so that both minoan and mycenaean iconography, owing to the fundamental status its gives the woman (considered in that case as a goddess), seemed to confirm this theory. But as soon as 1950 M. P. Nilsson refused this one-sided interpretation of iconography and provided evidence of several goddesses. The scruting of iconographic data has suggested how numerous and varied representations of women were. But nothing enables one to make a difference between a woman and a goddess. Nonetheless the numerous texts we have - archives from cretan mycenaean and continental palaces - provide evidence of various and organized pantheons. There we find most of the great classical goddesses and other female deities who haven't survived down to further periods. Among these deities, Po-ti-ni-ja seems to occupy a particular place and she has sometimes been considered as the heiress of the great goddess. However, the fact that the title is used either on his own or mixed with various details seems to point to a phase of assimilation of different features by a unique goddess (as it is the case in eastern panthenon regarding the constitution of the great goddess's personality Inanna / Ishtar) rather than the splitting of the powers of a great omnipotent and innate goddess
Payet, Karine. "Cessions immobilières à Suse." Lyon 2, 2007. http://demeter.univ-lyon2.fr/sdx/theses/lyon2/2007/payet_k.
Full textSusa is a city of western Iran located in the current plain of Khuzestan close to the Zagros mounts. Throughout its history, Susa was subjected to the double influence of Mesopotamia and Elamite Confederation. In such a dual context has grown a complex and original civilization. This survey is based on the acts of purchase which were discovered during excavations realised by R. De Mecquenem, between 1927 and 1928, in the so-called «Royal City» area. The corpus is made up of 99 texts written in akkadian on uncooked clay shelves, a first publication of which was accomplished by V. Scheil, assyriologist of mission from 1930. This study is organized around two main parts. In a first part, the complete legal analysis of the contracts made it possible to highlight their evolution like their progressive structuring. The results have been compared with those known for the main Mesopotamians sites like for the elamite city of Kabnak. This showed some points of resemblance and dissimilarity attesting of the originality of the Susan right. Within this analysis, a detailed attention was paid to the contracts utilizing elamite concepts, so as to try to give the most precise possible interpretation of it. In a second part, the data contained in these contracts are analysed in order to obtain the characteristics of the Susan society. To establish a realistic portrait of the city, the indications provided by the purchases were compared and supplemented by the consultation of the whole legal corpus, and by the study of the archaeological and ethnological data. The crossing of these various sources offers a complete image of the Susan society during first half of the second millennium
Ibrahim, Dima. "Les relations entre le roi et ses proches d'après les archives royales de Mari." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE2119.
Full textMari, called now Tell Hariri, is located in the extreme south-east of Syria on the middle Euphrates, twelve kilometers north of Abu Kemal. Among the most important discoveries in this site arethe royal archives which contain a corpus of 20,000 tablets written in cuneiform. Letters are the most important part of the archives. What characterizes the letters and makes them very interesting is that one can discover,between the lines,information about the people who wrote these letters and pinpoint their personality or state of mind. The epistolary documents of this study are the result ofan abundant correspondence, spread over two main periods:in the time of Samsi-Addu (1792-1782 BC) and of his son Yasmah-Addu (1782-1775 BC), when the city of Mari was integrated into the kingdom of Upper Mesopotamia,and that of Zimri-Lîm, the last king of Mari in the amorous period (1775-1761 BC). The thesis deals with the correspondence exchanged between the king and the persons who are close to him. The letters can be classified into three groups:family, administrative staff and foreign kings;these people have paternal relations or simple political relations at the level of State. The work proposes a reflection on a part of the society and of the family, administrative, political and economic system of Mari, throughthe study of the relations between the king and his relatives and the place that these relatives can have in this system. For a general idea of the corpus chosenfor our study, see a table in an appendix to the second volume, which gives a description of the relationships between the various interlocutors and the nature of their relationship, as well as characteristics and tone of each letter
Fiette, Baptiste. "Les archives de Shamash-hazir : exercice du pouvoir et administration de la terre dans la province de Larsa sous Hammurabi de Babylone (1792-1750 av. J. -C. )." Paris, EPHE, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EPHE4014.
Full textŠamaš-hazir is the manager of the royal estate of Larsa under Hammurabi of Babylon, after the conquest of the Larsa kingdom, in the south of Mesopotamia, in 1763. His archives, counting 313 tablets (one third of them until then unpublished), discovered by illegal diggers and scaterred into several collections, contain some letters written by the king and his ministers, or by the members of the family of Šamaš-hazir, and some legal and accounting documents. They inform us about his professional and private activities. The question of the practice of the babylonian power in a conquered land is on the heart of this dissertation. The first part concerns the new administration established by Hammurabi in the province of Larsa. Some local governors, until then unrecognized, are identified thanks to the archives of Šamaš-hazir associated with other contemporary texts. The duties of each category of dignitaries are highlighted. The second part deals with the management of the land in the royal estate : in the one hand, the fields are granted as holding to royal servants of all professions ; in the other hand, they are reserved to the Crown, collecting the crops. We stress the roles of Šamaš-hazir (land survey, maintenance of irrigation, solving of disputes) and the documents he has to write, consult, archive and send to the capital city. At last, the third part is devoted to his private archives : Šamaš-hazir builds up his own important estate around Larsa, his wife Zinû assists him in the economic management. His example illustrates a case of a babylonian dignitary occupying a piece of a conquered territory for his own business
Gautier, Noémie. "L'homme et l'animal domestique à Pompéi (IIe siècle av. J-C - 9 ap. J.-C.) : essai d'histoire culturelle." Thesis, Rennes 2, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018REN20005/document.
Full textThis thesis identifies the species belonging to the family of domestic animals in the area buried by the eruption of Vesuvius in 79 A. D. and investigates their relationships with humans in the Hellenistic and Roman periods. It lies at the crossroads of several disciplines, including history, archaeology, ethnology and anthropology, and draws on varied sources (archeozoology, epigraphy, iconography, literature) so as to assess the roles of domestic animals in society.This work explores the ways in which humans handle cohabitation with animals (which may be sources of nuisance) and the strategies they use to ensure their domestication, by examining breeding structures and considering the distribution ofanimals in anthropized areas (in the domus or in cities, for example). The approaches to animals vary according to the areas and the subjects involved. Besides playing a major role in the economy thanks to the raw materials they supplyand acting as auxiliaries in artisanal activities, animals may serve as companions, or as symbols of social prestige. The ways in which animals are represented, perceived and integrated into both public and private spheres are put under scrutiny.Domestic animals and their relationships with the population are a key to understanding Roman attitudes and values and to documenting a part of the cultural history of the Pompeii area
Frangié, Dina. "Beyrouth hellénistique : du port de l'époque perse à la colonie augustéenne." Paris 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA010562.
Full textGauvin, Lucy. "La théorie des contacts appliquée à l'archéologie : la culture d'Uruk en Syro-Anatolie au IVe millénaire av. J.-C." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/28590.
Full textCouturaud, Barbara. "Mise en scène du pouvoir au Proche-Orient au IIIe millénaire : étude iconographique du matériel d'incrustation en coquille de Mari." Phd thesis, Université de Versailles-Saint Quentin en Yvelines, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00844093.
Full textMarulanda, Rolando. "Archéologie et religion dans les Andes centrales : les roches sculptées de l'Horizon Final (XIVe-XVIe siècles) : Le Fuerte de Samaipata : contexte archéologique, analyse structurelle et comparative." Paris 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA010598.
Full textMurray, Geneviève. "Delphes et les Attalides en 160/159 av. J.-C. : un cas d'évergétisme royal." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/20948.
Full textHammoush, Firas. "L'expression du respect dans les lettres de Mari au début du IIe millénaire : "le Pouvoir caché dans les mots amorrites"." Paris 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA010551.
Full textDuchateau, Marie-Emmanuelle. "La personnalité et l'identité des divinités polythéistes d'Europos-Doura des successeurs d'Alexandre à l'attaque Sassanide (~301 av. N. È-256 de N. È. )." Paris 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA010648.
Full textBlais, Valérie. "UNE VILLE ET SON SANCTUAIRE À L'ÉPOQUE HELLÉNISTIQUE. L'instrumentalisation du Didymeion de Milet entre le IVe et le IIe siècle a. C." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29306/29306.pdf.
Full textAref, Mathieu. "Recherches sur les Pélasges, à l’origine de la civilisation grecque." Thesis, Paris 4, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA040019.
Full textMy thesis concerns prehellenic archaic periods of Greece. It aims to study the tradition about the origins of Greek civilization through the reference to Pelasgians. It brings a new lighting on our historical and cultural heritage relating to this Greece and puts forwards the first steps of the Greek civilization emerged in the early 8th century before J-C Earliest Greek authors including Homer, Hesiod, Hecataeus of Miletus, Hellanicus of Lesbos, Herodotus and tragic authors, widely mentioned Pelasgians as having populated the areas which were going to become Greece and copiously highlighted their local origin. Predecessors of the Greeks, they bequeathed to them the essential elements of their civilization. Modern authors did not take into account this pelasgic phenomenon. Indeed the discovery of the archeological sites of Mycenae and Troy as well as the fact of having qualified Mycenaean (invention of Heinrich Schliemann) the people who preceded the Greeks, have completely occulted the civilizing role of Pelasgians. My intention is to study them by a multidisciplinary approach confronting the data of the ancient tradition with the historical, ethnolinguistic, anthropological, archaeological and mythological elements, which may enlighten them. Finally Ventris and Chadwick by deciphering the Linear B (called Mycenaean), have further obscured or overshadowed the pelasgic share in the formation of Greek civilization, by pushing back it in a remote prehistory to which we could not say nothing. In their process of deciphering Ventris and Chadwick did not appeal to this prehellenic fund which can be defined as an ancient pelasgic. That’s why they called it ancient greek
Meylan, François. "Les influences romaines dans l'architecture et l'urbanisme de l'oppidum de Bibracte (Mont Beuvray)." Dijon, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005DIJOL015.
Full textThe thesis is based on 19th century and 1984-2001 excavations on the Mont Beuvray (Burgundy, France). The oppidum of Bibracte is divided in a new, coherent system of regions. Every excavated place is synthetised in a file including text and illustrations. In architecture, materials, techniques and plans of buildings are analysed and classified. Roman influences are very early (not later than the beginning of Augstean period) and concern the whole oppidum. In urbanism, remparts, ways and architectural ensembles are studied. An up to now unknown, maybe including regular planning, street network and large-scaled urbanistic features have been put to light. The oppidum was modelled by planification, some of which has to be attributed to roman influences
Maillot, Marc. "Palais et grandes demeures du royaume de Méroé, les relais du pouvoir central : traditions locales et méditerranéennes." Thesis, Paris 4, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA040073.
Full textExtending over more than 500 years, the Meroitic kingdom extended its influence to the edges of the Middle Nile. Although it is difficult to identify clearly the specific limits of the kingdom, it covered approximately one thousand five hundred kilometers from the Nile Valley, from the Egyptian border to south of the present city of Khartoum and peripheral territories east and west. The primary objective of this study is to understand the organization of the urban centers along the Nile in establishing comparisons between sites previously excavated, such as the Wad Ben Naga palace, palaces and mansions of the ancient capital of Meroe and the site of Mouweis currently excavated by the Louvre Museum. Although there is still little awareness of the political and cultural developments marking the middle of the first millennium BC -the birth of Meroitic empire- it is clear that a new conception of power emerged at this time. A new state is established, although its extent is still difficult to define. The great cultural diversity of this kingdom is made clear through its material and architecture, which has led to amazing regional particularities. Such examples are an excellent source of information on state control practiced in these areas. It seems that power is developed through major administrative and religious centers. The addition of new sites is also a great way to achieve a more accurate understanding of the organization of palaces and their implementation inside an urban network, but also their area of influence on the rest of the city
Degremont, Audrey. "Croyances funéraires et pratiques du mythe en Egypte ancienne: étude du programme décoratif (texte, image et architecture) de six tombes thébaines privées de l'époque préamarnienne." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209084.
Full textBien que les idées de l’époque amarnienne aient été longtemps considérées comme innovantes et révolutionnaires, des études récentes ont montré que les règnes précédents (Thoutmosis IV et Amenhotep III) ont davantage servi comme terreau de ces nouvelles conceptions. Or, malgré l’importance de ces deux règnes, les tombes privées de cette époque n’ont reçu que peu d’attention.
Notre recherche portera donc sur les tombes datant des règnes de Thoutmosis IV et Amenhotep III et sera réalisée dans une optique d’anthropologie religieuse afin d’analyser les croyances et les pratiques religieuses transparaissant dans le programme iconographique et textuel ainsi que dans l’agencement architectural. Nous souhaitons ainsi montrer comment ces divers moyens d’expression sont combinés pour produire une signification.
Notre étude permettrait donc de mettre en évidence les éléments distinctifs des tombes de l’époque Thoutmosis IV-Amenhotep III (qui forment la transition entre les tombes du début de la 18ème dynastie et celles de l’époque ramesside) et d'expliquer, grâce à l'étude des pratiques du mythe mises en oeuvre dans ces monuments, l’évolution des conceptions religieuses sous ces deux règnes, en faisant sortir l’étude des mythes du cadre strictement narratif qui lui est généralement donné en égyptologie. C’est donc en tant que discours complexe sur une réalité complexe, selon les termes de L. Couloubaritsis, que nous approcherons ces tombes en mettant en dialectique l’espace, l’écrit et l’image.
Doctorat en Langues et lettres
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Bavay, Laurent. "Dis au potier qu'il me fasse un kôtôn: archéologie et céramique de l'Antiquité tardive à nos jours dans la TT29 à Cheikh Abd el-Gourna, Egypte." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210569.
Full textDoctorat en Histoire, art et archéologie
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Alsayed, Mahmoud. "Commerce et transformation des produits d’arbres et d’arbustes (bois, fruits frais et secs, racines, rameaux, feuilles, fleurs, graines, farine, poudre, parfum, encens, vin et huile) pour l’architecture, l’économie, la médecine, le culte et la magie à Ougarit et dans les royaumes et les empires environnants et au Bronze récent, d’après les données des sciences naturelles, des sources archéologiques et épigraphiques." Thesis, Paris 4, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA040285.
Full textThe subject of our dissertation is the trade and use of various products derived from trees and shrubs in the Kingdom of Ugarit, located on the coast of Syria and whose written documentation informs us about the Late Bronze Age, mainly fourteenth and thirteenth centuries BC. The kingdom is well known thanks to the thousands of tablets found in the last 82 years on the site of Ras Shamra and more recently that of Ras Ibn Hani. These tablets are written overwhelmingly in two languages and two systems of cuneiform writing: first, the local language, called “Ugaritic”, noted in an alphabetic system, on the other hand, the Babylonian Akkadian, noted by a logo-syllabic script. Situated between the coast and mountains, this kingdom was located between two major regions suppliers of timber in the most remote antiquity, as evidenced by Egyptian and Mesopotamian literature and the Bible, the Lebanese mountains and the Amanus mountain. The place is thus particularly important for this topic. Following an overview of geographical, demographic, linguistic, historical and economic on the kingdom of Ugarit, we studied successively ebony, pine and fir, cedar, juniper, cypress, boxwood, ¶Rgz, palm-tree, olive-tree, ñlmg-wood and vineyard, the vine and its products .We started each chapter with a botanical and linguistical identification. We tried to locate what were the areas that were the main sources of these natural resources. Then, we established a historical overview on the trade in products from trees and transportation. We tried to clarify their nature, quantity, quality, weight and price in Ugarit and outside. Finally, we examined the various uses and their role in craft, medicine, religion and magic. In doing so, we could also approach the symbolic value of these trees and woods
El, Nour Ogeil Eltahir Adam. "Continuité et discontinuité culturelles entre le Méroïtique et le Postméroïtique : données archéologiques comparées au Soudan Central et dans la région de la quatrième cataracte." Thesis, Lille 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIL3H049.
Full textNassar, Joyce. "Les espaces funéraires suburbains de Mari (Moyen-Euphrate, 2900-1760 av. J. -C.) : analyse archéo-anthropologique." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BOR14054.
Full textSince it's foundation around 2900 B.C. Mari remained a powerful and prosperous near-eastern capital till its destruction in 1760 BC. This site constitutes a crucial reference in the near-eastern history for this time period due to the lavish historical and archaeological data coming from it's three successive cities. Like every near-eastern urban site, Mari revealed numerous graves beneath the floors, which are associated to a probable extra-muros cemetery. However, the burial practices were still unknown. Thus, it was decided to undertake an archeo-anthropological study of the burials by examining archived field records and taphonomical data gathered during tomb excavations. Age and sexe of each skeleton available were assessed followed by an examination of all the biological characteristics (N = 131). This study revealed the features of the funerary standard in Mari, the organisation of the funeral suburban spaces and there relationship with the subjacent occupation levels. It has also shown the selective approach that led the inhabitants to bury their dead under the city and not in a dedicated necropolis. Several breaks concurring with historical and archaeological data were identified in the funeral practices. Nevertheless, teeth metrical data, discrete traits and dental pathologies revealed a homogeneous population. Dental lesions were found on almost all of the individuals, as it is the case in other contemporaneous and neighbouring populations. Yet, the Mari dentitions showed a higher rate of caries suggesting a diet rich in carbohydrates, which is a characteristic of agricultural societies. Finally, this present study questions to what extent chronological breaks attested by historical and archaeological data can be concurrent with changes in population
Ammar, Mohammed. "Réinterprétation de l'iconographie votive géométrique carthaginoise à travers une approche transdisciplinaire: le "duo céleste", le losange, l'idole-bouteille, le "signe de Tinnit" et l'étendard, VIIe/VIe - IIe s. av. J.-C." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210218.
Full textDoctorat en Histoire, art et archéologie
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Bonnotte, Claire. "Le thème iconographique de l’apparition du Christ à Emmaüs au regard des évolutions spirituelles, liturgiques et culturelles de l’Occident : (XIe-XVIe siècles)." Paris 10, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA100018.
Full textThis research is an iconographic investigation and historical explanation of the religious mentalities of the period herein envisaged (XIth-XVIth centuries). The study aims to show the singularity of this theme overly neglected by historians and art historians for the benefit of other biblical themes more represented. The analysis required several areas of research: the image, the liturgy, the exegesis, the spirituality and also the literature depicting Christ in Emmaus by the yardstick of the spiritual, liturgical, cultural and artistic history of the Christian Western World. The areas of research deal with the implications of liturgical, sacramental order, and also the devotional and cultural aspects of the theme, such as they are revealed throughout the Western Middle Ages. The far-reaching significance of the changing perceptions, themes and variations of the relationships between iconography and « dramatic fact » influences the evolution of all areas of thought, literature and theatre as well as fundamental religious beliefs and interpretations. It is all the most important to understand how certain transfers are done in this context, in particular the evolution from the apparition of Christ to the « pilgrims » of Emmaus, whose image is shaped during this period
Bousdroukis, Apostolos. "Recherches sur la toponymie, la topographie et l'histoire des fondations macédoniennes du Proche-Orient hélénistique." Paris, EPHE, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004EPHE4007.
Full textAmong the colonies founded in the east by the successors of Alexander, those bearing the name of a macedonian or Greek city represent a very high percentage. Their nearly exclusive presence in Antigonus's and Seleucus's political and military heatland in their Asiatic territories suggests that they actually received and carried out by the diadochs. The majority of these colonies were probably founded in the early Hellenistic period, especially with the soldiers in antigonus's service who later passed to Seleucus. In a number of cases, the origin of the settlers apparently determined the choice of the name given to the new colony. This is very likely for Cyrrhus, gindarus, Larissa and Chalcis. However, the resemblances in topographical features between the sites of certain Macedonian cities and those chosen for the establishement of the new colonies in the near-East played an even more important role in the choice of the name, Edessa, Arethusa, Anthemous and mygdonia owe their names to precise topographical characteristics they shared with their Macedonian homonyms. Finally, the diadochs founded a number of colonies which they named after their native city, like Europus or Beroia after the birthplaces of Seleucus and Antigonus respectively
Ernst, Paul. "Recherches sur les pratiques culturelles des Italiens à Délos aux IIe et Ier siècles avant notre ère." Thesis, Paris 8, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA080050.
Full textThe 2nd and 1st centuries BC were marked by Roman interventions and conquests in the Aegean Greece, and by the decision of the Roman Senate, in 167, to place Delos under the control of Athens and to make it a port exempt from customs tax. As a result, individuals who came from the Italian peninsula were more and more numerous to settle or reside temporarily on the island which became highly cosmopolitan and played a part as an economic bridge between Italy and the eastern Mediterranean.Based on a wide range of varied documents which are mainly epigraphic and archaeological, the study deals with three themes : the places of residence and the domestic daily life of Italians, their family circle and their clients, their participation in the gymnasium activities and in competitions organized on the island, and their religious practices. This dissertation tries to interpret the causes, the nature and the significance of each of these practices. It also analyses their social, economic and/or political dimensions in order to better understand the complexity of the advanced hellenization of those Italians who sometimes distinguished themselves by using Roman customs.The study concludes with a larger perspective in order to determine what makes Delos both a representative example of the Italians’ cultural practices in the Aegean Greece, and a special case. Ultimately, the distinctive feature of cultural life in Delos seems to have been the wide range of integration patterns in which Italians fully took part. This phenomenon took place in the context of a balance of power that was favourable to Rome and to all those who identified with this city
Scouflaire, Marie-France A. "L'institution des nipûtum dans les royaumes paléo-babyloniens, 2000-1600 av. J.-C." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210539.
Full textNous avons décidé d'agir en sens contraire de la recherche traditionnelle et de proposer une définition de la nipûtum grâce aux textes de la pratique .Les codes semblent en effet traiter de l'anormal plutôt que du normal .La nipûtum n'y est définie qu'en termes d'abus :saisie non justifiée ou mauvais traitements pouvant entraîner la mort de la personne saisie .De plus, ils ne parlent de la nipûtum qu'en cas de dettes et seulement pour des opérations entre particuliers, mettant face à face un banquier tout puissant et un citoyen pauvre en difficulté .
L'institution des nipûtum se met tout d'abord en valeur par sa grande extension chronologique, elle est présente dès le début des dynasties amorrites jusqu’au dernier roi de Babylone, soit pendant trois siècles .En ce qui concerne la répartition géographique, elle est en usage dans l'ensemble de la Mésopotamie, du nord au sud, de Sippar à Ur, et d'est en ouest, même dans des zones tout à fait éloignées, comme Mari .
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Doctorat en Langues et lettres
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Berthelot, Hugues. "Cyrène, colonie et capitale. Le destin méditerranéen d’une cité des confins du monde grec (VIIe – Ier s. av. J.-C.)." Thesis, Paris 4, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA040133.
Full textThe city of Cyrene provides different faces depending on the perspective adopted to consider it : it is both a colony and a metropol, both the capital city of Cyrenaica and a mere city in the Hellenistic kingdom of the Ptolemies, both a city situated on the borders of the Mediterranean world and a city whose presence incontinental Greece and in Aegea is clear.Since the previous studies focused on the city’s political history and the transformation of the urban landscape, we intend in this work to study the evolution of the city’s status from its foundation in 631 B.C. by colonists fromThera to its gift by Ptolemy Apion to the Roman Republic in 96 B.C., by focusing on the relations which it maintained with the rest of the Greek world : we searched then Cyrene and the Cyrenaeans outside of their city, foreign objects and foreigners inside the city, relying on epigraphical, numismatical, papyrological and archaeological data.Organised in three parts which coincide with the three major phases of Cyrenaean history, this work investigates the economic, diplomatic and cultural relations between Cyrene and the other Greek cities and strives to detect the main trends of those and to measure their influence on the city itself
Sakamoto, Tsubasa. "Aux marges du royaume. Étude archéologique sur la période de transition postméroïtique." Thesis, Lille 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL30027.
Full textThis thesis proposes a synthesis of the “End of Meroe”. The challenge, however, is considerable. The genesis of the “royal” mounds of el-Hobagi was the subject of a critical discussion between experts at the 8th Conference of the Meroitic Studies in London. Partice Lenoble had already established, with all of his knowledge in the field, the “postpyramidal” history of Nubia after the end of the royal cemeteries of Meroe. Today, it might be useless for someone to launch a new research in this domain. Nothing has been changed, one says, because we still lack cemeteries comparable to that of al-Hobagi; thus, it is effectively impossible to understand their genesis, to investigate his “postpyramidal” history. The thesis presented here is to answer this question. Consists of seven main chapters, they bring us to the issues confronted by Lenoble and his colleagues. No doubt, the genesis of the “royal” mounds of el-Hobagi, and the chronology of the royal necropolis of Qoustoul and Ballana are at the heart of our confrontation
Boulet, Stéphanie. "Les productions céramiques égyptiennes en région thébaine du 8e au 6e siècle avant notre ère: traditions, influences et innovations." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209108.
Full textEn plus d’une définition précise de cette industrie par de l’établissement d’une analyse typologique fine, ce travail vise à associer les changements politiques de la ville de Thèbes avec les développements des productions céramiques locales.
Vers le milieu du 8e siècle avant notre ère, des évolutions techniques et morphologiques majeures se produisent dans l’industrie céramique thébaine, donnant naissance à un nouveau répertoire spécifique de cette région, se distinguant clairement des productions de la Basse-Egypte. Cette différenciation semble être le reflet des tensions politiques entre le nord et le sud du pays. Cette industrie va se développer au cours de la Basse Epoque avec des formes devenant plus sinueuses, complexes et carénées. Un nouveau traitement de surface se développe grâce au tour rapide :les stries plates, éléments caractéristiques des productions thébaines de la Basse Epoque.
Sous la dynastie nubienne, les produits vraisemblablement originaires de la région thébaine sont diffusés en Egypte et en Nubie. Cette diffusion a pour conséquence quelques phénomènes d’interactions en Egypte, mais surtout en Nubie où se développe un nouveau répertoire formel inspiré des productions céramiques thébaines, en parallèle aux productions locales.
Ce travail s’articule en trois parties. La première reprend une présentation des différents sites et contextes archéologiques exploités dans cette analyse. La deuxième correspond à une étude typologique des productions céramiques thébaines alors que la troisième partie se penche sur une synthèse reprenant une définition complète de la production thébaine.
Cette thèse a pour objectif d’utiliser l’objet céramique comme un élément datant et le témoin d’un savoir-faire, mais également comme un marqueur de changements politiques et économiques./
The study of the Theban ceramic production from the 25th to the 26th Dynasty (c. 750-525 BC) has been neglected for a long time because of a lack of stratified archaeological context. The aim of the thesis is to analyse the ceramic material coming from the chapel of Osiris Wennefer Ned-Djefau at Karnak (IFAO – Dir. L. Coulon) and from the temple of Ptah at Karnak (CFEETK – Dir. Chr. Thiers). The study of the pottery from the tombs TT 29 and TT C3 at Cheikh abd el-Gourna broadens our knowlegde on this production (ULB-ULg – MANT – Dir. L. Bavay et D. Laboury).
In addition to the formulation of a precise definition of this industry by the establishment of a new ceramic typology, this work aims to associate the political changes occurring in Thebes at that period with the evolution of the local ceramic production.
In the mid-8th century BC, technical and morphological changes are observed in the Theban ceramic industry, defining a specific industry in the region, a pottery repertoire which is easily distinctive from the ceramic production from the North of Egypt. This distinction is the reflection of political tensions between the North and the South at this time. The above-mentioned industry developed during the Late Period with more complex, marked and carinated shapes; a new surface treatment appeared thanks to the use of the kick-wheel: ribbed surface, which is a specific element of the Theban production in the Late Period.
Under the Nubian Dynasty, pottery from the Theban area is spread through Egypt and Nubia. This distribution caused some interaction phenomenas in Egypt, but also in Nubia where a new ceramic repertoire developed alongside the local ceramic industry.
This work has been divided in 3 parts. The first part corresponds to a presentation of archaeological sites and contexts used for the study. The second part presents a typological analysis of the Theban production. The last part is a synthetic analysis of the Theban pottery production.
The thesis tends to prove that the ceramic object is certainly a dating data and the testimony of a savoir-faire, but also the testimony of political and economical changes.
Doctorat en Histoire, art et archéologie
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Cormier, Anselme. "Les lits ornés d’ivoire de Cumes : art et mémoire dans les funérailles aristocratiques romaines (Ier s. av. J.-C. - Ier s. ap. J.-C.)." Thesis, Paris 10, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA100073.
Full textThe funerary beds of the Roman period come from an ancient tradition, whose origins, beyond the Greeks, can be traced to the earliest historical periods, in Egypt and in the Near East. Since the 19th century, excavations have produced many vestiges, most of them dating back to between the 2nd C. BC up to the 2nd C. AD ; they echo pieces found in domestic contexts which, though less numerous, allow interesting comparisons and a better understanding of the topic. The large variety of the identified models led me to develop a detailed typology of these forms, from the most ancient ones up to those of the Roman period. The consulted publications significantly changed our knowledge of the beds adorned with bronze as well as those adorned with bone carvings. By contrast, instances of ivory beds are extremely rare, whether it be in Italy or in the whole Roman world. Thus, the discovery at Cumae of the vestiges of three ivory beds, adorned with this precious material, serves as essential and unique testimony. The fragments were mixed with the bones of the deceased and placed in urns, themselves located in important mausoleums. Their remarkable quality and meticulous workmanship, clearly visible upon some pieces, which survived the destruction caused by the cremation, as well as the iconographic staged patterns, testify to the conspicuous intentions of their owners, anxious to show their social status, their wealth and their virtues to the living. The contextualization and close study of these three beds, along with a comparison with the known examples, led for each of them to an attempt at a graphic restoration, as a prerequisite for an iconographical and iconological analysis. The achieved results, correlated with the mausoleums where they were found, led to a much more precise understanding of those beds and of the prominent position they enjoyed at the funeral ceremony
Toro, Vial Miguel José de. "In exoticis historiis acutissimus. L'ancien Orient dans les chroniques universellesdu XIIe siècle." Thesis, Poitiers, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014POIT5007.
Full textDuring the "Renaissance of the 12th century" there was a flourishing of historical writing in Latin Europe. One the genres where this is most noticeable is in the universal chronicles. In them, the chroniclers outline the history of the world from Creation until their own period. Some of them are particularly rich in ancient history and they provide a lot of information of the ancient Orient. Why did monks secluded in their monasteries take interest on a history so far removed from them in time and space? This study considers two great sections of ancient oriental history as it was understood in the twelfth century: the empires surrounding the city of Babylon and the military deeds of Alexander the Great in Asia. Analyzing the treatment that the universal chronicles give them we can appreciate that the authors put these histories at the service of the problems of their own time, being guided increasingly by interests close to the secular world. At the same time they used methods of historiography, which significantly differentiated their works from biblical commentary and the "romances of antiquity"
Quertinmont, Arnaud. "Aux abords de la sépulture méroïtique : les approches du monument funéraire à l'époque méroïtique." Thesis, Lille 3, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LIL30044.
Full textAlthough the scientific literature relating to the royal or private meroitic necropolises is rather abundant, we must admit that no general study concerning furniture associated with the meroitic monument has been made. This material was only treated in various publications, such as catalogues of temporary exhibitions, monographs relative to a specific archaeological site... The aim of this work is to join together information available well on archaeological furniture relative to these specific structures. By the means of a methodological approach (archaeological, architectural, chronological, stylistic, typological and religious) and by means of the restitution of the objects in their physical context, we will try to restore the religious act, as to determine an evolution of these practices and to thus specify the symbolic system related to the objects concerned. We will seek to include/understand which were the acts and the steps practised by the actors of the funerary ceremony (family members and priests) aiming at celebrating the memory of the deceased in the collective memory. It will first of all be advisable to be interested in the royal traditions and to then determine when and how these traditions were adopted by the elites of the empire of Méroé, on the level of the capital and in the remainder of the empire. An examination of the archives of excavations, in particular those of G.A. Reisner, enabled us to discover new photographs of certain stages of the excavation thus revealing information of first importance as for the original site of certain objects, or illustrating other objects which did not appear in any publication because judged without real importance at the time. The present study, whose many approaches are new, makes it possible to establish a progress achieved, to consolidate certain ideas previously advanced in the scientific literature and again raises the question of "the egyptianisation" of the elites of Méroé and the perception of Egyptian civilization that the cultures bordering have some and this, in the various social layers
Backhaus, Carla. "Ceci n'est pas une chronologie : Die Konstruktion einer alternativen Fibelchronologie am Beispel der Fibeln des Oppidum Bibracte (Burgund, Frankreich)." Thesis, Dijon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016DIJOL015.
Full textThis work is about the brooches from the oppidum Bibracte. Commonly brooches are classified and chronologically interpreted as types. However, inherent methodological issues are evident, in particular for today’s chronological system of the late iron age. To overcome these issues, I consider a theoretical approach by John Collis (2009), and develop a new method to construct chronologies in general and to date the brooches of Bibracte in particular. Thereby I primarily use the concept of a chronological horizon, that has only a beginning but never ends, and rather focus on brooch attributes than on types. Based on the aforementioned, I construct an alternative brooch chronology using 122 stratified brooches from five excavations in Bibracte, whose stratigraphies are dated absolute in time by ceramic finds. The herein constructed chronology consists of eight brooch horizons, that are defined by the first appearance of 130 individual brooch attributes and of eight attribute combinations. The brooch chronology obtained in this manner allows to date any brooch or fragment of a brooch replicable and inter-subjectively verifiable for future work; the brooches can be dated automatically by means of the enclosed database. Moreover, the method presented is transferable to other archaeological sites and materials. On the basis of the alternative brooch chronology of Bibracte, various results about the settlement activity of the oppidum, the utilization period of the associated cemetery and the development of the brooch production in Bibracte are obtained
Gegenstand dieser Arbeit sind die Fibeln aus dem Oppidum Bibracte. Für gewöhnlich werden Fibeln nach Typen klassifiziert und chronologisch ausgewertet. Dies birgt jedoch methodische Probleme, die u. a. im derzeitigen Chronologiesystem der späten Eisenzeit begründet sind. Um diese Probleme zu vermeiden, entwickle ich auf der Basis eines theoretischen Ansatzes von John Collis (2009) eine neue Methode zur Konstruktion von Chronologien im Allgemeinen und zur Datierung der Fibeln von Bibracte im Besonderen. Grundlegend sind hierfür das Konzept eines chronologischen Horizontes, der nur einen Beginn hat, jedoch kein Ende, sowie die Konzentration auf Merkmale anstatt auf Typen. In diesem Sinne konstruiere ich anhand von 122 stratifizierten Fibeln aus fünf Grabungen in Bibracte, deren Stratigrafien mithilfe der Keramik absolut datiert sind, eine alternative Fibelchronologie. Diese besteht aus acht Fibelhorizonten, die durch das jeweils erste Auftreten von 130 einzelnen Fibelmerkmalen und von acht Merkmalskombinationen definiert werden. Die auf diese Weise konstruierte Fibelchronologie ermöglicht es zukünftig, Fibeln und Fibelfragmente transparent und intersubjektiv überprüfbar zu datieren sowie die Datierung mithilfe der beiliegenden Datenbank automatisch zu berechnen. Diese Methode ist auch auf andere Fundorte und Fundkategorien übertragbar. Auf der Basis der alternativen Fibelchronologie von Bibracte werden darüber hinaus u. a. Ergebnisse zur Besiedlungsgeschichte des Oppidum erzielt, zur Belegungszeit des zugehörigen Gräberfeldes und zur Entwicklung der Fibelherstellung in Bibracte