Journal articles: 'Mariage africain'

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Afonso, Maria Fernanda. "Cartographie feminine d’affections et de plaintes dans le roman africain: des complicites aux questions des identites postcoloniales." Pontos de Interrogação — Revista de Crítica Cultural 1, no. 1 (2015): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.30620/p.i..v1i1.1430.

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RÉSUMÉSurgit dans le continent noir one écriture féminine, attentive aux relations de powvoir dans un monde fracturé et en transformactions. Les femmes veulent participer à la dé construction et à la (re)construction d’identités post coloniales. Les écrivaines Mariana Bô et Paulina Chiziane brigent les formes canoniques et inaugurent une littérature qui illustre de toute évidence leur façon de considéres le mariage, les traditions, l’identité féminine et l’identité de la Nation. Cet article a commu but réflechir sen l’ocuvre de les deux romanciéres africaines et le rôle qu’ elles developpent au sein des questions des identités postcoloniales. MOTS-CLÉS: écriture féminine; identités postcoloniales; roman africain.Palavras-chaveécriture féminine; identités postcoloniales; roman africain.

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Boumazzou, Ibrahim. "Représentation du corps féminin dans le roman africain francophone: Les cas de Salimata dans "Les Soleils des Indépendances" d’Ahmadou Kourouma et Perpétue dans "Perpétue et l’habitude du malheur" de Mongo Beti." Convergences francophones 4, no. 1 (2017): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.29173/cf427.

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Dans la littérature négro-africaine d'expression française, la coutume et la croyance en quelques traditions sociales (l'excision des filles et l’objectivation de la femme) occupent une place importante. Si la société traditionnelle africaine considère que l’excision ritualisée et le mariage des filles donnent lieu à la vie sexuelle normale et symbolise une transformation radicale de la vie de celles-ci, il faut reconnaître que ces pratiques entraînent, également, de dramatiques et graves conséquences physiques et psychologiques. Cette contribution propose ainsi une analyse des romans Soleils des Indépendances d’Ahmadou Kourouma et Perpétue et l’habitude du malheur de Mongo Beti et des motivations qui ont poussé ces écrivains à faire de l’itinéraire des deux femmes (Salimata et Perpétue) des soubassements de leur poétique. Nous mettrons l'accent sur les douloureuses épreuves par lesquelles est obligée de passer une fille africaine pour devenir une femme et prendre contact avec la véritable vie de famille. Mis en position de prendre parti, le lecteur se voit amené à juger insupportable le sort réservé à ces femmes incarnant la force vive et active du monde africain.

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Delaunay, Valérie, Agnès Adjamagbo, and Richard Lalou. "Questionner la transition de la fécondité en milieu rural africain : les apports d’une démarche longitudinale et institutionnelle." Articles 35, no. 1 (2008): 27–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/017748ar.

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Résumé Située au coeur du bassin arachidier du Sénégal, la zone d’étude de Niakhar est tout à fait représentative des régions rurales sahéliennes caractérisées par le maintien de modèles de fécondité élevée. En effet, les grandes tendances de la fécondité observées grâce au Système de Suivi Démographique de l’IRD font état du maintien des descendances nombreuses (environ huit enfants par femme); elles révèlent par ailleurs une augmentation des naissances et des grossesses avant le premier mariage. Pour comprendre les mécanismes sur lesquels se fondent les comportements de fécondité dans cette région, nous proposons d’explorer la pertinence de l’approche institutionnelle, telle que décrite dans les travaux de Mc Nicoll (1982), Grégory et Piché (1985), Piché et Poirier (1995), ou encore Lesthaeghe (1989). Ainsi, la mise en perspective de l’évolution du système de production agricole, des conditions environnementales et du fonctionnement de l’organisation sociale permet de mettre en lumière le sens que les populations de cette région donnent aux comportements démographiques et, en particulier, aux pratiques relatives à la fécondité.

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Casares, Aurelia Martín, and Marga G. Barranco. "Popular Literary Depictions of Black African Weddings in Early Modern Spain." Renaissance and Reformation 31, no. 2 (2008): 107–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.33137/rr.v31i2.9187.

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Les caractéristiques des noirs d’Afrique sont abondamment décrites dans la littérature espagnole de la Renaissance. Ces descriptions littéraires révèlent beaucoup au sujet de l’image que l’on en avait dans les représentations collectives. La création de protagonistes et de personnages secondaires africains offre une cristallisation des observations des réalités sociales et de l’élaboration artistique de préjugés et de stéréotypes sociaux. Cet article analyse deux textes présentant des mariages de noirs d’Afrique: le premier texte est une courte pièce du XVIIe siècle de Francisco de Avellaneda, et le deuxième est une ballade populaire, datant du XVIIIe siècle, et portant sur la célébration d’un mariage noir en Andalousie. Ces deux sources décrivent le mariage en se concentrant spécialement sur la dégradation des caractéristiques féminines et de la «beauté noire».

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de Castelnau-L’Estoile, Charlotte. "La liberté du sacrement Droit canonique et mariage des esclaves dans le Brésil colonial." Annales. Histoire, Sciences Sociales 65, no. 6 (2010): 1349–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0395264900037471.

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RésuméÀ partir d’une pétition d’esclaves africains envoyée de Bahia en 1708, demandant au pape l’excommunication de leurs maîtres qui refusent de les laisser se marier, cet article s’intéresse à la question du mariage légitime des esclaves dans le Brésil colonial et se concentre sur l’aspect juridique et donc sur le droit canonique qui régit le mariage dans le monde portugais. La question est fondamentale pour l’étude des sociétés esclavagistes, car elle montre l’ambiguïté du statut de l’esclave comme res humana et se situe à la frontière de la souveraineté domestique et de la reconnaissance de la personne de l’esclave. L’Église coloniale du Brésil a fait de la défense du mariage des esclaves une priorité. Elle obtient une bulle pontificale sur le sujet en 1585 et réaffirme, au début du XVIIIe siècle, la théorie classique du mariage des esclaves qui repose sur la liberté du sacrement. Elle se contente cependant de condamner moralement les maîtres et refuse tout rôle émancipateur au mariage. L’enjeu pour l’Église est d’affirmer qu’un ordre chrétien est possible dans une société esclavagiste, ce qui d’une certaine manière conforte les bases idéologiques de cette société où les esclaves représentent la moitié de la population. Comment les esclaves chrétiens ont-ils pu s’approprier l’idée forte de liberté du sacrement et comment le mariage légitime peut-il entrer dans leurs stratégies pour plus d’autonomie et de dignité au sein du carcan de l’esclavage?

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Marcoux, Richard. "Nuptialité et maintien de la polygamie en milieu urbain au Mali." Articles 26, no. 2 (2004): 191–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/010231ar.

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RÉSUMÉ Différents modèles d'analyse ont été proposés pour tenter de comprendre les bases du mariage polygamique en Afrique. De nombreux auteurs ont annoncé le déclin imminent de la polygamie et ce, plus particulièrement en milieu urbain, laissant entendre qu'il existe une inadéquation entre cette institution matrimoniale et le mode de vie urbain. Les données dont on dispose pour le Mali nous permettent de remettre en question cette perspective. Bien qu'on ait assisté à des transformations importantes des schémas de nuptialité en zone urbaine au Mali (augmentation du célibat et élévation de l'âge moyen au mariage), il demeure néanmoins que l'incidenice de la polygamie n'a pas connu de modifications sensibles de 1960 à 1987. L'examen de quelques caractéristiques économiques des femmes en union polygame et des ménages auxquels elles appartieinnent semble offrir certaines pistes de recherche fort intéressantes pour nous aider à mieux comprendre le maintien de cette institution matrimoniale dans certaines villes africaines.

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Leliaert, F. Coppejans. "The marine species of Cladophora (Chlorophyta) from the South African East Coast." Nova Hedwigia 76, no. 1-2 (2003): 45–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/0029-5035/2003/0076-0045.

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Siwoku-Awi, O. F. "Le Mariage Et La Dot Dans Les OEuvres De Buchi Emecheta Et De Calixthe Beyala." UJAH: Unizik Journal of Arts and Humanities 20, no. 2 (2020): 149–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ujah.v20i2.8.

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Le contexte réaliste qui inspire les oeuvres des deux romancières va influencer cette étude des personnages féminins créés par Buchi Emecheta et Calixthe Beyala qui seront analysés dans leur contexte romanesque et seront reliés à la réalité quotidienne. Les deux auteures sont ressortissantes des cultures et des aires linguistiques différentes : Buchi Emecheta, anglophone du Nigeria et Calixthe Beyala, francophone du Cameroun. Bien que l’on soutienne l’idée que les Africains partagent les memes cultures, cet article vise à concrétiser cette opinion tout en relevant également les convergences et les divergences dans les perspectives des deux auteures. Les personnages ont été etudiés dans le cadre patriarcal qui occasionne leur réaction et détermine leur disposition psychique. Cet article mettra en relief quelques exigences patriarcales contraignantes et aliénantes qui relèguent la femme au deuxième rang et étouffent son existence. Il abordera le sujet du mariage et de la dot qui sont les moyens adoptés par le système patriarcat pour contrôler le corps et la sexualité de la femme. Les auteures amènent aussi le lecteur à se retrouver dans le fil de narration des évènements réels auxquels il pourrait s’identifier. Mots clés: sexualité, dot, mariage, contraintes patriarcales

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Sarvan, Charles Ponnuthurai. "Feminism and African Fiction: The Novels of Mariama Bâ." MFS Modern Fiction Studies 34, no. 3 (1988): 453–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/mfs.0.0814.

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Bradford, Matt, Frederieke J. Kroon, and D. John Russell. "The biology and management of Tilapia mariae (Pisces:Cichlidae) as a native and invasive species: a review." Marine and Freshwater Research 62, no. 8 (2011): 902. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf10289.

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Tilapia mariae (Cichlidae) is a tropical teleost, native to West African coastal drainages in the Gulf of Guinea and naturalised in the USA, Australia and possibly Russia. This paper reviews published information on the species from its native and introduced range to improve the effective management of fisheries as well as manage current infestations, reduce further spread and promote research on control measures outside its natural range. Within its natural range, the species is abundant and contributes to the local subsistence and artisanal fisheries; however, it is not extensively utilised for aquaculture. Outside its native range, it has proliferated, particularly in disturbed aquatic ecosystems. Tilapia mariae has several characteristics that make it successful in both its natural and introduced range. These include plasticity in reproductive behaviour (particularly parental care of the brood), a variety of feeding behaviours and dietary components, tolerance of a wide range of environmental conditions and aggressive behaviour to other fish species. Although tilapiine species are considered to be amongst the world’s worst invasive alien species, surprisingly little information is available on potential impacts of T. mariae on native species and aquatic ecosystems outside its native range.

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Schwartz, Nancy. "Dreaming in Color: Anti-Essentialism in Legio Maria Dream Narratives." Journal of Religion in Africa 35, no. 2 (2005): 159–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1570066054024631.

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AbstractThe article examines dreaming and dream narratives in Legio Maria, sub-Saharan Africa's largest African instituted church with a Roman Catholic background. Most Legios valorize a Black Christ and Black Mary but do so while espousing anti-essentialist attitudes towards racialization of the sacred. The social, cultural and symbolic hybridity of the Joluo (Kenya Luo), who still form the majority of the membership in this multi-ethnic, multi-national church, has influenced Legios' religious outlook. Legios' views are contrasted with some white and black theologies that take more monochrome, particularistic positions on the color of the Trinity, the Virgin Mary, Satan, saints, angels and demons. I discuss how Legios' eclectic altar iconography and dreams interact and influence one another. The article demonstrates that Legio Maria's theology of color has resonances with the perspectives on postmodern humanism and postmodern blackness formulated by scholars like Michel Foucault, Kwame Anthony Appiah, Vincent Anderson and bell hooks.

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Rebillard, Éric. "The Role of Clerics in North African Third-Century Martyr Narratives." Zeitschrift für Antikes Christentum / Journal of Ancient Christianity 25, no. 1 (2021): 38–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zac-2021-0012.

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Abstract The comparison of the role of the clergy in the Passio Perpetuae, the Vita Cypriani, the Passio Mariani et Iacobi, and the Passio Lucii et Montani reveals that tensions around the respective authorities of clerics and martyrs/confessors continue to divide Christians in Carthage after the death of Cyprian.

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Jørgensen, Per M. "Notes on African Pannariaceae (lichenized ascomycetes)." Lichenologist 35, no. 1 (2003): 11–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/lich.2002.0424.

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AbstractThe African continent is shown to contain only 38 species in the lichen family Pannariaceae, all of which are listed in the conclusion. Four new species are described: Pannaria planiuscula (Republic of South Africa [RSA] and Kenya), Pannaria squamulosa (RSA), Parmeliella dactylifera (RSA), and Parmeliella triptophylloides (Kenya). Four species are recorded as new to the continent: Pannaria centrifuga P.M. Jørg. (RSA), Pannaria ramosii Vain. (Tanzania), Parmeliella imbricatula (Müll. Arg.) P. M. Jørg. (RSA), and Psoroma fruticulosum James & Henssen (RSA). The following taxa described from Africa prove to be synonyms: Pannaria cameroonensis Dodge (=Parmeliella stylophora), Pannaria capensis Stirt. (= P. lurida), Pannaria leucosticta var. isidiopsis Nyl. (= P. globigera), Pannaria pityrella Stirt. (= Coccocarpia stellata), and Pannaria thoroldii Dodge (= Parmeliella mariana). Three species have been incorrectly recorded from Africa: Pannaria fulvescens, Parmeliella nigrocincra and Parmeliella triptophylla.

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Mavridis, Savvas, and Dimitrios Adamopoulos. "Social and Ecological Floods in the Attica Basin." Urban Studies and Public Administration 1, no. 2 (2018): 220. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/uspa.v1n2p220.

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<p><em>Urbanization without industrialization, which is observed among others in many African countries and causes severe damage in the social system, leads to absolute or disguised dictatorships. This proportionally applies to the Attica basin, which counts up to 40% of the Greek population and 48% of the GDP. Marianne Fay and Charlotte Opal, in their article written for the World Bank entitled “Urbanization without Growth: A not so uncommon phenomenon”, highlight these phenomena in African countries, of course with significant differences between them, but also with similarities. In Greece, many similarities with these countries are also observed.</em></p>

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Brand, Handré J. "Reliability of the Frostig Test of Visual Perception in a South African Sample." Perceptual and Motor Skills 69, no. 1 (1989): 273–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1989.69.1.273.

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The Marianne Frostig Developmental Test of Visual Perception was administered to 31 preschool children (19 boys and 12 girls) whose mean age was 68 mo. An item analysis showed that 52% of the test items satisfied the requirements with regard to degree of difficulty and discrimination. KR-20 reliability coefficients varied between 0.31 and 0.58 for the different subtests, with r = 0.72 for the full scale.

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CSABAI, ZOLTÁN, NÁNDOR SOÓS, GAVRIL MARIUS BERCHI, FABIO CIANFERONI, PÁL BODA, and ARNOLD MÓRA. "Aquatic and semiaquatic Heteroptera (Nepomorpha and Gerromorpha) fauna of Greek holiday islands (Rhodes, Crete and Corfu) with first records of three species from Europe and Greece." Zootaxa 4231, no. 1 (2017): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4231.1.3.

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A comprehensive survey on aquatic and semiaquatic bugs (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha and Gerromorpha) of three Greek holiday islands, Rhodes, Crete and Corfu, was conducted from 2007 to 2010 at 237 localities. In this paper, hundreds of detailed records for 30 taxa in nine families are given. The occurrences of Rhagovelia infernalis africana Lundblad, 1936 and Velia mariae Tamanini, 1971 are confirmed and recorded for the first time from Europe sensu stricto. Additionally, some notes on morphology, taxonomy and distribution of the European species of Rhagovelia and Velia are also given, Velia mariae is recorded for the first time not only from several Greek islands, but from continental Greece and Bulgaria as well. Gerris asper (Fieber, 1860), a common European species, was also found for the first time in Greece. Furthermore, new occurrence data are given for endemic taxa; Sigara nigrolineata mendax Heiss & Jansson, 1986 and Velia rhadamantha rhadamantha Hoberlandt, 1941 (whose distribution is restricted to Crete and small adjacent islands) are very common throughout Crete, whereas Ilyocoris cimicoides jonicus (Lindberg, 1922) apparently is rare in Corfu.

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Abdulkadir, Hamzat. "A Marxist Reading of Mariama Bâ's So Long a Letter." International Journal of Linguistics and Translation Studies 2, no. 2 (2021): 67–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.36892/ijlts.v2i2.155.

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This work examines Mariama Bâ's So Long a Letter from a Marxist perspective. It explores the radical and feminist tendencies on the stereotype of African women with the awareness that women are equal with men without prejudice to the interpretation of the theory of creation. Based on Marxist theoretical framework, our analysis shows that the oppression and exploitation of women is a process involving women themselves. The woman, in effect, continually reproduces the conditions of her subservience as Marx will add, through alienation, competition, rivalry and docility. Through alienation, women forfeit their rights to be the initiators and controllers of their historical processes. The study concludes that Marxist Feminist must practically engage in struggle against inequality and all manifestations of oppression and exploitation of women.

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Batista, Sandra Aparecida. "Disputa, imposição e negação em trabalhos escolares sobre história e cultura afro-brasileira e africana." Ágora 19, no. 1 (2017): 155. http://dx.doi.org/10.17058/agora.v19i1.8836.

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Diante dos processos de disputa, imposição e negação a respeito da história e cultura Afro-Brasileira e Africana, o propósito da pesquisa é identificar e analisar as respectivas representações em trabalhos escolares do Colégio Estadual do Campo Dr. Antonio Pereira lima, Distrito Panema, município de Santa Mariana, Paraná. As fontes foram produzidas para o Dia Nacional da Consciência Negra no período de 2013 a 2015, sendo divididas em dois grupos compostos por textos e imagens: o primeiro parte da hipótese da existência de um discurso estereotipado e preconceituoso advindo da classe dominante branca a respeito da história e cultura Afro-Brasileira e Africana; já o segundo surge possivelmente da imposição de um novo discurso, fruto das reivindicações de reconhecimento e valorização da diversidade cultural advogadas pelo Movimento Negro e por meio da Lei 10 639/03. Este estudo possibilita estabelecer paralelos entre representações advindas do “sistema hegemônico branco e ocidentalizado” e as representações anti-hegemônicas, considerando que o texto da Lei 10 639/03, que insere o ensino de história e cultura Afro-Brasileira e Africana nas escolas, também se constitui em uma representação, e não anula os processos de negociação, conflitos e tensões entre o padrão cultural negro e africano e o padrão branco europeu na dinâmica pedagógica escolar. A partir do debate em torno do conceito de representações de Chartier (1990; 1991; 2002), as representações são tomadas como estratégias e práticas de tensionamento em meio às relações de poder. Portanto, não se tratam de uma questão de verdade e falsidade, mas de uma lógica de representação que manipula e legitima o discurso de quem enuncia.

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Okpala, Ebele Peace. "TRACING THE EVOLUTION OF THE IMAGE OF AFRICAN FEMALES THROUGH THE AGES: AN OVERVIEW OF SELECTED LITERARY WORKS." Volume-3: Issue- 1 (January) 3, no. 1 (2020): 24–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.36099/ajahss.3.1.4.

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The image of African women has evolved over the years. The study traced and critically analyzed how African female persona and experience have been depicted starting from pre-colonial, colonial to postcolonial eras using selected literary texts. It highlighted the impacts made by feminist writers towards a re-definition of the African woman. The theoretical framework was hinged on Feminist theory. Feminism, feminist ideologies and their proponents were also highlighted. The research revealed that the image of pre-colonial and colonial African women as portrayed in Chinua Achebe’s Things Fall Apart and Arrow of God, Elechi Amadi’s The Concubine, Wole Soyinka’s The Lion and the Jewel, Flora Nwapa’s Efuru, El Saadawi’s The Woman at Point Zero, Mariama Ba’s So Long a Letter among others was ascribed a second class status. The Postcolonial African women have come to the awareness of their rights and roles through the numerous intellectual and political campaigns of African feminist writers. Their image has changed from being in the kitchen, bearing and rearing children to also shouldering responsibilities as most powerful men in the community as depicted in Chinua Achebe’s Anthills of the Savannah, Chimamanda Adichie’s Half of the Yellow Sun among others. The study recommended the acquisition of good education and self-development as the major strategies to confront the impediments orchestrated by patriarchy.

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Kustenbauder, Matthew. "Believing in the Black Messiah: The Legio Maria Church in an African Christian Landscape." Nova Religio 13, no. 1 (2009): 11–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/nr.2009.13.1.11.

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This article examines the Legio Maria Church of western Kenya, a relatively rare example of schism from the Roman Catholic Church in Africa. One of more than seven thousand African Initiated Churches in existence today, it combines conservative Catholicism, traditional religion and charismatic manifestations of the Spirit. Yet this group is different in one important respect——it worships a black messiah, claiming that its founder, Simeo Ondeto, was Jesus Christ reincarnated in African skin. This article considers factors involved in the group's genesis as a distinct modern-day messianic movement, including: (1) the need to defend and define itself vis-àà-vis Roman Catholicism; (2) the appropriation of apocalyptic ideas found in Christian scriptures and their synthesis with local religious traditions; and (3) the imitation of Jesus' example and teaching to confront political and religious persecution in a manner marked by openness, universalism and nonviolence. Eschewing Western theological categories for African ones, this article draws upon internal sources and explanations of Legio Maria's notion of messianism and Ondeto's role therein to illustrate that, far from being a heretical sect, Legio may well represent a more fully contextualized and authentically homegrown version of Catholicism among countless other African Christian realities.

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Frédette, Jean-Marc. "Les principes directeurs d’un système d’état civil intégré : Expériences africaine et québécoise." Articles 9, no. 2 (2008): 211–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/600825ar.

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RÉSUMÉ Dans cet article, l’auteur propose et développe à l’intention du Québec et des pays francophones d’Afrique, le concept d’« état civil intégré », à partir du système dit de « Vital Statistics », en vigueur dans les pays anglophones, en vertu duquel les données légales et les données statistiques relatives aux naissances, aux mariages et aux décès se retrouvent sous une même loi et une même autorité administrative. Les principes directeurs à la base d’un système d’état civil intégré sont l’action manifeste d’une agence nationale d’état civil intégré unique, l’intégration rationnelle des données légales et statistiques, la participation active et totale de la population, la mise en circulation facile et rapide des données recueillies et traitées, l’adaptation continuelle du système au milieu social, politique et administratif où il est implanté, la possibilité d’utiliser les données recueillies à des fins de recherches et le respect ou la protection de la vie privée des familles et des individus mis en cause. L’auteur souligne les possibilités d’enrichissement mutuel qui résulteraient des contacts bien établis entre l’organisme responsable des statistiques officielles du mouvement de la population et les systèmes de statistiques sanitaires.

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Byrd, Alexander X. "Mariana P. Candido.An African Slaving Port and the Atlantic World: Benguela and Its Hinterland." American Historical Review 120, no. 4 (2015): 1579–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ahr/120.4.1579.

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Bettini, Simone, Franco Ciani, and Valeria Franceschini. "Recovery of the olfactory receptor neurons in the African Tilapia mariae following exposure to low copper level." Aquatic Toxicology 76, no. 3-4 (2006): 321–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2005.10.009.

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Farias, Juliana Barreto. "Fortunata et João José « parents de nation ». Mariage et divorce chez les Africains de l’Ouest à Rio de Janeiro au xixe siècle." Brésil(s), no. 1 (May 6, 2012): 79–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/bresils.711.

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Fogelman, Patricia Alejandra. "María en altares de Oshun: pedidos y ex-votos en contextos de hibridación cultural (Zárate y Campana)." Revista História: Debates e Tendências 19, no. 4 (2019): 603–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5335/hdtv.19n.4.10488.

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Analizaré los altares dedicados a Oshun, orishá del Batuque, en Zárate y Campana (Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina), enfocando sobre aquellos que incluyen representaciones de la Virgen María. El culto mariano tiende a expandirse en América Latina a través de numerosas vías. Es llamativa la presencia de sus imágenes mezcladas o reapropiadas por la religiosidad de matriz africana provenientes del Brasil. Porosidad en creencias y prácticas, presencia de desplazamientos e hibridaciones entre las ofrendas en los altares serán investigadas en su doble perfil: de fuentes visuales pasibles de indagación histórica (atendiendo a las funciones de la imagen) y en lo que hace a su calidad de exvotos de reconocimiento por gracias hipotéticamente recibidas. Espero contribuir al área de los estudios culturales de la religión contemporánea desde un enfoque histórico sobre el Batuque en relación con la dinámica del culto mariano. Las imágenes (fotografías de altares) serán las principales fuentes. Palabras clave:

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Ngozi Dick, Angela. "Technique of Exploring Women’s Choice in Select Novels of El Sadaawi, Ba, Alkali and Adichie." English Linguistics Research 7, no. 3 (2018): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/elr.v7n3p42.

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Women writers in Africa have enjoyed wider audience especially in higher institutions where the curriculum includes African Women Writers, Gender Studies and other related courses. African women writers may focus on a variety of subject matters but what is common to their literary art is that they concentrate on the experience of women. This article focuses on how the authors use their literary art to portray women’s experiences in their social melieu. Nawal El Sadaawi, Mariama Ba, Zaynab Alkali and Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie are women writers from Africa. The first three women are older and from Moslem background. Adichie is younger and from a Christian background. The choice made of the novels of these women is due to the recurrent problem of being a woman everywhere. In contemporary times women are still treated differently just because they are women. However, it has been observed that there is nothing intrinsic in women that depict them as the bad or inferior species of human beings. This article focuses on the commonality of style used by the select African novelists in couching the predicament of women in the African society. The novels chosen in this research are El Sadaawi’s Woman at Point Zero and God Dies by the Nile; Ba’s So Long a Letter and Scarlet Song; Alkali’s The Stillborn and The Virtuous Woman and Adichie’s Americanah.

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FREIDBERG, SUSANNE. "Globalization and Restructuring of African Commodity Flows - Edited by Niels Fold and Marianne Nylandsted Larsen." Journal of Agrarian Change 9, no. 4 (2009): 576–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0366.2009.00232.x.

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Costa, José Ricardo da. "O Ilá das Iyabás em Alma da África: anciãs e deusas de Antonio Olinto." Anuário de Literatura 26 (June 25, 2021): 01–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/2175-7917.2021.e75639.

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Nesse artigo, buscaremos refletir sobre a relação que se estabelece entre as representações da mulher idosa e as deusas da mitologia orixaísta, as iyabás, na trilogia Alma da África (2007) de Antonio Olinto, estabelecendo, principalmente, um olhar sobre a importância dessas anciãs na organização de famílias matrifocais. Buscaremos mostrar que a estrutura familiar matrifocal, fundamental na sociedade tribal africana, reaparece, tanto na sociedade brasileira – notadamente dentre as mulheres afrodescendentes, quanto na sociedade do período de descolonização africana. Em A Casa da Água (2007), primeiro tomo da trilogia Alma da África, lançado em 1967, estudaremos a desterritorialização e a reterritorialização de duas personagens, Catarina – que recupera, posteriormente, seu verdadeiro nome, Ainá – e Epifânia. Em O Rei de Keto (2007), lançado originalmente em 1980, resgataremos a busca da velha comerciante Aduké pela educação de sua filha, Ainá, dentro dos valores tribais, enquanto sua sucessora no matriarcado. Finalmente, em Trono de Vidro (2007), lançado pela comemoração do centenário da abolição da escravatura, em 1987, encontraremos Mariana, que aparecera, na infância e fase adulta, em A Casa da Água (2007), mostrando sua força nos âmbitos sociais, políticos e econômicos, nas vésperas de completar, ela própria, seu centenário, auxiliando a neta, Mariana Ilufemi, na redemocratização do fictício país de Zorei. A partir de teóricos como Beauvoir, Elias, Bordieu, Davis e Meletínski, este estudo tenta reconhecer a influência da mítica orixaísta, na figura de suas deusas ancestrais, na consolidação de um matriarcado tribal.

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Warner, Tobias. "How Mariama Bâ Became World Literature: Translation and the Legibility of Feminist Critique." PMLA/Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 131, no. 5 (2016): 1239–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1632/pmla.2016.131.5.1239.

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How did Mariama Bâ‘s 1979 novel Une si longue lettre (So Long a Letter) become one of the most widely read, taught, and translated African texts of the twentieth century? This essay traces how the Senegalese author's work became recognizable to a global audience as an attack on polygamy and a celebration of literary culture. I explore the flaws in these two conceptions of the novel, and I recover aspects of the text that were obscured along the way—especially the novel's critique of efforts to reform the legal framework of marriage in Senegal. I also compare striking shifts that occur in two key translations: the English edition that helped catalyze Bâ‘s success and a more recent translation into Wolof, the most widely spoken language in Senegal. By reading Letter back through these translations, I reposition it as a text that highlights its distance from an audience and transforms this distance into an animating contradiction.

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RODRIGUES, ALDAIR. "HUMANIDADES DIGITAIS E DIÁSPORA AFRICANA: QUESTÕES ÉTICAS E METODOLÓGICAS NA ELABORAÇÃO DE UMA BASE DE DADOS SOBRE A POPULAÇÃO ESCRAVIZADA DE MARIANA (SÉCULO XVIII)." Estudos Históricos (Rio de Janeiro) 33, no. 69 (2020): 64–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s2178-14942020000100005.

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RESUMO Adotando como estudo de caso a elaboração de uma base de dados sobre a população escravizada que viveu na região de Mariana (Minas Gerais) no século XVIII, este artigo reflete sobre os desafios éticos e metodológicos subjacentes às abordagens digitais sobre a diáspora africana. A análise enfoca as especificidades e os desafios envolvidos no processo de transposição de informações históricas produzidas no contexto da escravidão para sistemas digitais. Quais são as potencialidades e os riscos dessa tarefa em um país social e étnico-racialmente desigual como o Brasil?

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Pinheiro, Fernanda Domingos. "“INJUSTAMENTE POSSUÍDOS COMO ESCRAVOS”." Projeto História : Revista do Programa de Estudos Pós-Graduados de História 71 (September 1, 2021): 269–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.23925/2176-2767.2021v71p269-293.

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As formas de exploração da mão de obra indígena, em especial a escravidão, constituem temáticas pouco exploradas pela historiografia brasileira. Mas, diferente do que se costuma pensar, a escravidão não se reduziu a uma experiência africana. Tampouco a promulgação das leis gerais de libertação puseram fim ao cativeiro dos indígenas e seus descendentes. Em Mariana, um importante núcleo de mineração no interior da América portuguesa, os dispositivos legais não garantiram a liberdade de todos. Essa legilação, contudo, influenciou os processos de redução ao cativeiro, bem como os de resistência a eles, como revelam algumas ações cíveis produzidas na segunda metede do século XVIII.

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Hondius, Dienke. "Black Africans in Seventeenth-Century Amsterdam." Renaissance and Reformation 31, no. 2 (2008): 87–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.33137/rr.v31i2.9185.

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Les hommes et les femmes d’Afrique noire sont arrivés dans les villes d’Europe du Nord en tant que serviteurs, esclaves, amants et employés des marchands portugais et espagnol, ou en tant que diplomates. Le statut de ces noirs d’Afrique était une nouveauté et fluctuait, et on constate une surprenante variété de leurs expériences au Pays-Bas. En 1596, un premier groupe de plus de 100 africains — hommes, femmes et enfants — est arrivé de manière imprévue dans le port de Middlebourg. Étonnamment, les autorités locales ont proclamé leur libération, mais le capitaine qui considérait ces gens comme sa marchandise a protesté et a obtenu la permission de les convoyer vers les Indes Occidentales. Parmi les noirs présents à Amsterdam, des mariages mixtes ont eu lieu, des juifs noirs ont été enterrés dans le cimetière juif portugais à l’extérieur d’Amsterdam, et on sait que Rembrandt avait des voisins d’Afrique noire. Ces données extraites des archives locales se révèlent prometteuses pour la recherche sur la présence urbaine des noirs en Europe durant les débuts de la modernité.

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WHITEHEAD, ROGER A., and E. Trewavas. "THE LIFE HISTORY AND BREEDING HABITS OF THE WEST AFRICAN CICHLID FISH TILAPIA MARIAE AND THE STATUS OF T. MEEKI." Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 139, no. 4 (2009): 535–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1962.tb01592.x.

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Latha, R. H. "The development of critical and cultural literacies in a study of Mariama Ba's So Long a Letter in the South African literature classroom." Literator 23, no. 3 (2002): 179–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/lit.v23i3.349.

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The Languages, Literacy and Communication learning area of Curriculum 2005 endorses “intercultural understanding, access to different world views and a critical understanding of the concept of culture” (National Department of Education, 2001:44). Although this curriculum is learner-centred and tries to create a better balance in the previously asymmetrical relationship between teacher and student, it does place great demands on the educator to avoid reinforcing cultural and multipolitical ideals which are not concomitant with the principles of a multicultural democracy. Since learners are expected to respond to the aesthetic, affective, cultural and social values in texts, the educator has to act responsibly in choosing texts which promote the values inherent in Curriculum 2005. Implicit in the curriculum statement is a commitment to critical pedagogy in the literature classroom with the general aim of promoting societal transformation. As the cultural assumptions underlying particular texts are often not known or shared by all learners, it is important for the educator to facilitate an examination of these assumptions in order to promote cultural understanding and values such as religious tolerance. This article will therefore investigate the development of cultural and critical literacies in the South African literature classroom with particular focus on So Long a Letter by the postcolonial African Muslim woman writer, Mariama Ba.

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Etoke, Nathalie. "Mariama Barry, Ken Bugul, Calixthe Beyala, and the Politics of Female Homoeroticisim in Sub-Saharan Francophone African Literature." Research in African Literatures 40, no. 2 (2009): 173–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.2979/ral.2009.40.2.173.

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FAYE, Diome. "The Expression of Love in Long Distance Life (1989) by Marita Golden." Addaiyan Journal of Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences 1, no. 10 (2020): 30–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.36099/ajahss.1.10.5.

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In Long Distance Life (1989), Marita Golden, one of the most outstanding African American female writers, follows up her first novel,A Woman’s Place (1986) with an impressionistic sort of saga about a black American family living in Washington, D.C., from the 1920’s to the present. In Marita Golden’s Long Distance Life as in Mariama Ba’s So Long a Letter (1979), most of the couples’s love lives come to an abrupt end by means of death, divorce or a presence of an intruder that is to say another lover between the two spouses. The question of love occupies a central role in the novel in so far as all most all the relationships of the characters are motivated by the issue of love. Women’s predicament in the novel is the outcome of the different aspects of love dealt with by Gloria Naylor.

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Silva, Marcelo Donizete da. "Epistemologia e Educação étnico-racial: análise dos manuais didáticos do Ensino Fundamental de Mariana-MG." Revista Pedagógica 19, no. 40 (2017): 172. http://dx.doi.org/10.22196/rp.v19i40.3749.

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Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar as teorias educacionais contemporâneas e seus desdobramentos no processo de difusão da cultura étnico-racial. Buscou-se desenvolver um estudo criterioso sobre os manuais didáticos de História do Brasil e Língua Portuguesa do Ensino Fundamental. A metodologia desenvolvida foi de análise bibliográfica acerca das teorias que congregam a proposta política e pedagógica dos parâmetros curriculares nacionais (PCNs), no que é referente à história da cultura Africana e sua interface com a educação brasileira, e esta análise será desenvolvida no campo, no contexto das escolas de Mariana/Minas Gerais (MG). O referencial teórico é de cunho histórico-crítico que envolve as áreas de: Teorias e História da Educação do Negro no Brasil. Espera-se com esta pesquisa contribua com a análise crítica sobre: a História do Negro no Brasil; seus desdobramentos ideológicos no tocante à formação da população negra; na perspectiva emancipadora das relações étnico-raciais no país; e na crítica à leitura ideológica da educação proposta pelas teorias educacionais.

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Strydom, Nadine A., Crystal J. Coetzer, and Paula Pattrick. "The complex early life history of a marine estuarine-opportunist fish species, Solea turbynei (Soleidae) from temperate South Africa." Scientia Marina 79, no. 2 (2015): 169–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/scimar.04193.18a.

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Haberzettl, Torsten, Jussi Baade, John Compton, et al. "Paleoenvironmental investigations using a combination of terrestrial and marine sediments from South Africa - The RAIN (Regional Archives for Integrated iNvestigations) approach." Zentralblatt für Geologie und Paläontologie, Teil I 2014, no. 1 (2014): 55–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/zgpi/2014/0055-0073.

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Finozzi, Anna. "Riscrivere la storia coloniale tramite l’uso dell’oralità: Il caso di Adua (2015)." Memoria y Narración. Revista de estudios sobre el pasado conflictivo de sociedades y culturas contemporáneas, no. 2 (March 5, 2021): 131–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5617/myn.8669.

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L’articolo si propone di analizzare l’uso dell’oralità nel romanzo Adua (2015) di Igiaba Scego. Tradizionalmente, il testo letterario postcoloniale è stato considerato come una ‘traduzione’ da una lingua orale Africana ad una scritta Europea. Lo scopo dell’articolo è spostare l’attenzione dall’oralità come segno di alterità all’oralità come modalità di trasmissione; questo slittamento critico è necessario per una rivalutazione della letteratura postcoloniale italiana, di cui spesso si considera più la portata documentaristica di quella letteraria. Attraverso i Memory Studies, e in particolare concetti quali la postmemory di Marianne Hirsch, la countermemory di Yael Zerubavel e la travelling memory di Astrid Erll, l’analisi mostra come Adua sia modellata dalla comunicazione orale della memoria attraverso i dialoghi dei personaggi e da altre immagini connesse all’atto di ascoltare e tramandare. Infine, la dicotomia oralità-africanità viene respinta in favore di quella oralità-trasmissione.

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Adeyeye, Samuel Ayofemi, Olusola Bandele Oyewole, Adewale Olusegun Obadina, A. M. Omemu, O. E. Adeniran, and Hakeem A. Oyedele. "Assessment of quality and safety of traditional smoked spotted tilapia fish (Tilapia mariae) from Lagos State, Nigeria." Nutrition & Food Science 46, no. 1 (2016): 142–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/nfs-05-2015-0059.

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Purpose – This study aims to assess the quality and microbial safety of traditional smoked spotted tilapia fish from Lagos State and, by doing so, determine the quality and microbial safety level of traditional smoked spotted tilapia fish, their distribution, effects and possible public health implications of the quality/rancidity indices and microorganisms on the consumers. Design/methodology/approach – Fresh spotted tilapia fish (100 samples) were collected from 20 different fishing/processing centres and divided into two batches. One batch was smoked with local drum kiln at processing centres, and the second batch was smoked with convective smoking kiln as control in the laboratory. Each batch was assessed for moisture content, protein content, fat content, crude fibre content, ash content, pH, thiobarbituric acid (TBA), total volatile base- nitrogen (TVB-N), trimethylamine (TMA), peroxide value (PV) and free fatty acid (FFA) values. Microbiological analyses were also conducted. Each batch was assessed for total viable count (TVC), fungal count, Listeria monocytogenes count, Staphylococcus aureus count, Salmonella paratyphi count and presence or absence of Escherichia coli. Findings – The results of the proximate composition, quality indices and microbiological analyses revealed that there was significant variations (p < 0.05) between smoked fish with different smoking methods. The mean pH, TBA, TVB-N, TMA, PV and FFA values of fresh and smoked spotted tilapia fish samples were within the range recommended by United States Food and Drug Administration. The mean TVC of fresh spotted tilapia fish samples was 6.3 × 106-8.8 × 108 cfu/g and TVC of samples of smoked spotted tilapia fish and the control were 2.0 × 104-6.4 × 104 cfu/g and 1.0 × 103-8.6 × 103 cfu/g, respectively. The mean L. monocytogenes count of fresh spotted tilapia fish samples was 1.3 × 102-2.4 × 102 cfu/g and that of samples of smoked spotted tilapia fish ranged from 1.6 × 101 to 23.1 × 101 cfu/g while samples of smoked spotted tilapia fish using convective smoking kiln showed no count for L. monocytogenes. The mean S. aureus count of fresh spotted tilapia fish samples ranged from 4.7 × 103 to 8.0 × 103 cfu/g and that of samples of smoked spotted tilapia fish ranged from 5.1 × 102 to 88.6 × 102 cfu/g and 1.1 × 102 to 3.8 × 102 cfu/g. The mean fat content (FC) count of samples of smoked spotted tilapia fish ranged from 1.1 × 101 to 6.0 × 101 cfu/g. S. paratyphi and E. coli were not detected in all smoked spotted tilapia fish samples. The study, however, concluded that the traditional drum smoked spotted tilapia fish could expose consumers to high microbial risk because of the presence of L. monocytogenes. Research limitations/implications – The fresh fish used in this study were obtained from coastal villages in Lagos State, and there were limitations in getting the samples in time to the processing centres and in preserving the fresh fish because of poor or non-availability of power (electricity). Practical implications – The paper includes implications for the development of a cost-effective smoked fish, to ensure food safety, enhanced health and improve the preservation and post-harvest losses of fresh fish. Social implications – The paper helps in developing an effective smoked method that will produce good-quality smoked fish, reduce the incidence of food poison and enhance the health of consumers. Originality/value – This research is of value to the traditional fish smokers and consumers. Smoked fish has been implicated as a source of microbial infection in Nigeria and West African sub-region in recent times and the need for good manufacturing practices cannot be overemphasized.

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McIntosh, Susan. "Archaeological Survey - Archéologie africaine. By Marianne Cornevin. Paris: Maisonneuve et Larose, 1993. Pp. 268. FF 128, paperback (ISBN 2-7068-1095-5)." Journal of African History 36, no. 1 (1995): 141–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021853700027018.

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Ghebremusse, Sara. "Good Governance and Development in Botswana – The Democracy Conundrum." Law and Development Review 11, no. 2 (2018): 913–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ldr-2018-0041.

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Abstract Unlike many of its African neighbours, Botswana achieved levels of socio-economic development in spite of its abundant mineral wealth. Botswana’s effective management of its mineral resources also aided in its avoidance of the resource curse and corresponding weak institutions. The contribution of Botswana’s mineral wealth to its development best characterizes the country as a “resource-rich developmental state.” However, the correlation between democratic principles and institutions to Botswana’s developmental success was unclear. This paper examines the connection between democracy and development in Botswana by relying on the “thin” versus “thick” spectrum of democratic institutions expounded by Mariana Prado, Mario Schapiro, and Diogo Coutinho. The paper argues that Botswana’s institutions are not democratically “thick”; therefore, democracy and “good” governance, as its conceived neoliberally, do not explain Botswana’s development outcomes. Instead, this paper contends that David Trubek, Diogo Coutinho, and Mario Schapiro’s “legal functionalities” framework, which credits the success of development policies to four roles the legal system could play: (i) safeguarding flexibility, (ii) stimulating orchestration, (iii) framing synergy, and (iv) ensuring legitimacy, is better suited to explain the success of Botswana’s resource-rich developmental state.

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Kovács, Ágnes Zsófia. "Body Marks of the Past in Toni Morrison’s A Mercy and Home." Metacritic Journal for Comparative Studies and Theory 7, no. 1 (2021): 160–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/mjcst.2021.11.10.

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Toni Morrison’s project of reimagining individual memories of the African American past has been immortalized by the image of the chokecherry tree of scar tissue on Sethe’s back in Beloved. Invisible and dumb for Sethe, the scars have to be faced and interpreted with the help of others in order to process traumatic memories of the slave past. The image questions a presumed opposition between objects of memory as separate from subjects of memory, as the wound, the supposed object is located in the body of the subject, Sethe. Body marks of the past also appear in Morrison’s novels after 2001, which are generally considered sparse compared to her previous texts. Relying on Marianne Hirsch’s method of reading how body marks create a “sense memory” of traumatic experience, the paper explores the webs of meaning invoked by bodily wounds and other extended objects of memory in Morrison’s late novels. The paper claims that although these novels continue to rely on the representation and processing of sense memories, they represent a truncated version compared to earlier novels, in which wounds figure not so much as metaphoric nodes of interaction, but rather as themes.

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Babikir, Ali, and Henry Mwambi. "Forecasting financial variables using artificial neural networks - dynamic factor model." Journal of Economic and Financial Sciences 10, no. 1 (2017): 94–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/jef.v10i1.7.

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In this paper we introduce a new model that uses the dynamic factor model (DFM) framework combined with artificial neural network (ANN) analysis, which accommodates a large cross-section of financial and macroeconomic time series for forecasting. In our new ANN-DF model we use the factor model to extract factors from ANNs in sample forecasts for each single series of the dataset, which contains 228 monthly series. These factors are then used as explanatory variables in order to produce more accurate forecasts. We apply this new model to forecast three South African variables, namely, Rate on three-month trade financing, Lending rate and Short-term interest rate in the period 1992:1 to 2011:12. The model comparison results, based on the root mean square errors of three, six and twelve months ahead out-of-sample forecasts over the period 2007:1 to 2011:12 indicate that, in all of the cases, the ANN-DFM and the DFM statistically outperform the autoregressive (AR) models. In the majority of cases the ANN-DFM outperforms the DFM. The results indicate the usefulness of the factors in forecasting performance. The RMSE results are confirmed by the test of equality of forecast accuracy proposed by Diebold-Mariano.

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ABRAHAMS, CARYN. "Globalization and Restructuring of African Commodity Flows, edited by Neils Fold and Marianne Larson Uppsala: Nordic Africa Institute, 2008. Pp. 276, US$45.95 (pbk)." Journal of Modern African Studies 48, no. 2 (2010): 340–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x1000011x.

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HEYWOOD, LINDA. "Mariana P. Candido, An African Slaving Port and the Atlantic World: Benguela and its Hinterland (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2013). Pages 366. £66 hardback." Continuity and Change 30, no. 1 (2015): 141–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0268416015000016.

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Latha, Rizwana Habib. "Articulating Visibility in the African-Muslim Contexts of Mariama Bâ'sSo Long a Letterand Leila Abouzeid'sYear of the Elephant: A Moroccan Woman's Journey Toward Independence." Journal of Literary Studies 32, no. 1 (2016): 84–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02564718.2016.1158989.

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Teixeira, Vanessa Cerqueira. "FÉ E CULTURA BARROCA SOB O MANTO MERCEDÁRIO: DEVOÇÃO, RELIGIOSIDADE E VIVÊNCIAS A PARTIR DA IRMANDADE DE NOSSA SENHORA DAS MERCÊS DE MARIANA (1749-1822)." Sæculum – Revista de História 37, no. 37 (2017): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.22478/ufpb.2317-6725.2017v37n37.33814.

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As associações religiosas leigas agregavam, a partir de um grupo, indivíduos que compartilhassem de uma mesma devoção, constituindo uma família confraternal que os amparava materialmente frente às instabilidades, mas também espiritualmente durante a vida e a morte. Com o presente artigo propomos uma aproximação do universo confrarial no período colonial mineiro, abordando uma associação específica, a Irmandade de Nossa Senhora das Mercês localizada na cidade de Mariana. Com uma perspectiva cultural, objetivamos a análise da instituição e da religiosidade vivenciada, entrelaçando a temática das irmandades ao desenvolvimento de uma cultura barroca. Desempenhando obras para o bem viver e o bem morrer, elas tiveram como grande obrigação socorrer os irmãos zelosos que precisassem de auxílio a qualquer instante. A caridade e a preocupação com a libertação dos membros cativos também foram nossos focos de análise, visto que a associação tinha como seu grupo idealizador os chamados “pretos crioulos”, indivíduos de ascendência africana nascidos nos domínios portugueses da América, na condição de escravos ou forros. Sendo assim, a partir de suas principais fontes documentais, buscaremos a compreensão das percepções religiosas dos fiéis agremiados, e de como seus medos e crenças levavam a certas posturas em seu cotidiano.

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Green, Toby. "An African Slaving Port and the Atlantic World: Benguela and its Hinterland. By Mariana P. Candido. (Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press, 2013. Pp. xiii, 366. $99.00.)." Historian 77, no. 4 (2015): 767–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/hisn.12077_3.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Mariage africain'

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