Relevant bibliographies by topics / Marijuana usage

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Marijuana usage'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 3 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Marijuana usage"

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Borini, Paulo, Romeu Cardoso Guimarães, and Sabrina Bicalho Borini. "Possible hepatotoxicity of chronic marijuana usage." Sao Paulo Medical Journal 122, no. 3 (May 2004): 110–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-31802004000300007.

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CONTEXT: Hepatotoxicity is a potential complication from the usage of various illicit drugs, possibly consequent to their liver metabolism, but information on this is scarce in the medical literature. OBJECTIVE: To study the occurrence of clinical and laboratory hepatic alterations in chronic marijuana users, from the use of marijuana on its own or in association with other legal or illicit drugs. TYPE OF STUDY: transversal study SETTING: Hospital Espírita de Marília, Marília, São Paulo, Brazil PARTICIPANTS: The study was made among 123 patients interned in the Hospital Espírita de Marília from October 1996 to December 1998, divided into 3 groups: 26 (21%) using only marijuana, 83 (67.5%) using marijuana and crack, and 14 (11.4%) consuming marijuana and alcohol. PROCEDURES AND MAIN MEASUREMENTS: Patients were examined clinically with special emphasis on types of drugs used, drug intake route, age when consumption began, length and pattern of usage, presence of tattooing, jaundice, hepatomegaly and splenomegaly. Serum determinations of total proteins, albumin, globulin, total and fractions of bilirubin, aspartate (AST) and alanine (ALT) aminotransferases, alkaline phosphatase (AP), gamma-glutamyltransferase and prothrombin activity were performed. RESULTS: Among users of only marijuana, hepatomegaly was observed in 57.7% and splenomegaly in 73.1%, and slightly elevated AST (42.3%), ALT (34.6%) and AP (53.8%). The three groups did not differ significantly in the prevalence of hepatomegaly, splenomegaly and hepatosplenomegaly. The group using both marijuana and alcohol showed the highest prevalence of alterations and highest levels of aminotransferases. Mean AP levels were above normal in all groups. CONCLUSIONS: Chronic marijuana usage, on its own or in association with other drugs, was associated with hepatic morphologic and enzymatic alterations. This indicates that cannabinoids are possible hepatotoxic substances.
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Parker, Lauren J., Troyana Benjamin, Paul Archibald, and Roland J. Thorpe. "The Association Between Marijuana Usage and Discrimination Among Adult Black Men." American Journal of Men's Health 11, no. 2 (September 20, 2016): 435–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1557988316664896.

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Black men may use marijuana as an externalizing coping mechanism to handle the chronic stress of discrimination. The aim of the study was to examine the relationship between everyday and major discrimination and marijuana use among a national sample of Black men. Using the National Survey of American Life, logistic regression analyses was used to determine the association between recent marijuana use and everyday discrimination, major discrimination, and a fully adjusted model that include everyday and major discrimination among adult Black men ( n = 1,833). Additionally, a multinomial logistic regression was used to examine the association between the frequency of marijuana usage and everyday discrimination and major discrimination among men who used marijuana in the past year. Everyday discrimination was not associated with marijuana use. In the fully adjusted model, men who experienced major discrimination had a higher odds of marijuana use ( OR: 1.19, 95% CI [1.05, 1.34]), than those who did not control for everyday discrimination and covariates of interest. Among recent marijuana users, men who used almost every day had a decreased risks for major discrimination (RRR: 0.72, 95% CI [0.56, 0.92]), compared with men who used less than once a month. The findings suggest that recent marijuana use among Black men is associated with experiences of major discrimination. Interestingly, men who used almost every day had a decreased risk for major discrimination. Marijuana may be used as a coping mechanism.
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Robo, Ilma. "Marijuana Usage, the Effects in Oral Health." International Journal of Dental Medicine 4, no. 1 (2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11648/j.ijdm.20180401.11.

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Alvaro, Eusebio M., William D. Crano, Jason T. Siegel, Zachary Hohman, Ian Johnson, and Brandon Nakawaki. "Adolescents’ attitudes toward antimarijuana ads, usage intentions, and actual marijuana usage." Psychology of Addictive Behaviors 27, no. 4 (December 2013): 1027–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0031960.

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Cofield, Stacey S., Amber Salter, Tuula Tyry, Christina Crowe, Gary R. Cutter, Robert J. Fox, and Ruth Ann Marrie. "Perspectives on marijuana use and effectiveness." Neurology: Clinical Practice 7, no. 4 (August 2017): 333–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/cpj.0000000000000383.

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AbstractBackground:Interest in and use of marijuana by persons with multiple sclerosis (MS) has increased. While potential benefits have been reported, so have concerns about potential risks. Few large studies have been conducted about the perceptions and current usage of marijuana and medical cannabinoids in persons with MS.Methods:Participants in the North American Research Committee on Multiple Sclerosis (NARCOMS) registry were surveyed in 2014 regarding legality and history of marijuana usage, both before and after diagnosis with MS.Results:A total of 5,481 participants responded, with 78.2% female, 90% relapsing disease at onset, and a current mean age of 55.5 (10.2) years. Sixty-four percent had tried marijuana prior to their MS diagnosis, 47% have considered using for their MS, 26% have used for their MS, 20% have spoken with their physician about use, and 16% are currently using marijuana. Ninety-one percent think marijuana should be legal in some form. Men, those with higher disability, current and past nicotine smokers, and younger age were associated with a higher likelihood of current use.Conclusions:The majority of responders favor legalization and report high interest in the use of marijuana for treatment of MS symptoms, but may be reluctant to discuss this with health care providers. Health care providers should systematically inquire about use of marijuana.
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Roy, Arya Mariam, Manojna Konda, Akshay Goel, and Appalanaidu Sasapu. "Characteristics of Marijuana Usage in Sickle Cell Patients: A Nationwide Analysis." Blood 134, Supplement_1 (November 13, 2019): 4848. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2019-131489.

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Introduction Sickle cell disease (SCD) associated pain is a significant health care issue in the United States which prompts physicians to prescribe opioids to help treat and prevent the recurrent acute painful episodes. Despite nationwide efforts to reduce narcotic pain medication usage, opioids still remain as the mainstay of pain management in SCD. Many SCD patients are using marijuana to help with their pain, anxiety, appetite, mood and sleep as per recent studies. Cannabinoids in marijuana interact with the body's endocannabinoid system which has receptors in almost every major bodily system. The effect of cannabinoids on these receptors reduces the signaling of inflammatory responses and also reduce cytokine production. Very few states have approved SCD as a qualifying condition for medical marijuana. But we are still unsure about the medical benefits of marijuana in SCD patients as there are very limited studies done so far. In our study, we sought to examine the characteristics and complications of marijuana usage in sickle cell patients. Methods The National Inpatient Sample database for the year 2016 was used to identify admissions with a primary diagnosis of SCD and we grouped patients into those who have a diagnosis of cannabis related disorders (CRD) and those who do not have the diagnosis. ICD- 10 codes are used for identifying the SCD patients and also for CRD. Statistical analysis was performed using STATA and univariate and multivariate analysis were performed. The outcomes that are studied included mortality, length and cost of stay, hospital regions and the association of marijuana use with anxiety, mood disorders. We also studied the association of marijuana with the complications of SCD such as sickle cell pain crisis, vaso occlusive crisis, acute chest syndrome, splenic sequestration, avascular necrosis. Results A total of 37,307 admissions with a principal diagnosis of SCD were identified, out of which 4.09% (N= 1526) had cannabis use disorders. The median age of patients with CRD was found to be 31.21 ± 0.3 when compared to 30.67 ± 0.09 in patients without CRD. Even though SCD admissions were more commonly seen in females when compared to males (61.78% vs 38.22%), cannabis use was seen more associated with males (57.97% vs 42.03%). The in-hospital mortality of SCD was less (0.56%) as compared to the mortality rates of other hematological malignancies. The association of cannabis use with in-hospital mortality was found to be not statistically significant. Also, the median length of stay was less in patients with CRD when compared to patients without CRD (4.88 ± 0.2 vs 5.11 ± 0.03) and also likewise cost of stay. Based on the hospital regions in the US, Cannabis use in SCD was seen more prevalent in South region (44%), then Midwest or north-central (26%), northeast (19%), west (10%) and the result was statistically significant (p= 0.003). The association of cannabis use was not found to be statistically significant with acute chest syndrome and splenic sequestration. Cannabis use was, however, found to be associated with the vaso occlusive crisis and avascular necrosis (OR=1.02, p=0.003 and OR= 1.14, 0.022 respectively) even though we cannot say that cannabis use could be a risk factor as there are other confounding factors like coagulopathy, chronic debilitating conditions. Interestingly, SCD patients with CRD have more risk of developing anxiety (OR= 2.32, p=0.000) and also mood disorders (OR= 2.5, p= 0.001) when compared to SCD patients without CRD. The difference persisted after adjusting for age, gender, race, co-morbidities. Conclusion Marijuana use is more seen in the southern and north-central regions in patients with SCD. Marijuana use was not found to be associated with in-hospital mortality in sickle cell patients. SCD patients are using marijuana mainly for alleviating their pain and sometimes for its euphoria effect. Our study showed that it can cause anxiety and mood disorders. The main limitation of our study was the moderate sample size for SCD patients with CRD. The impact and interaction between CRD and SCD complications need to be evaluated separately in a larger study to get accurate values. Large randomized control trials have to be done to assess if SCD qualifies for prescription of medical marijuana as it possesses benefits as well as risks. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Wu, Eric, Katherine G. Meneses, Susan Kang, Alice K. Lee, Shreya Neogi, and Sammy Saab. "Sa1605 MARIJUANA USAGE IN POST-LIVER TRANSPLANT RECIPIENTS." Gastroenterology 158, no. 6 (May 2020): S—1344—S—1345. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0016-5085(20)34030-0.

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Wood, Frank R., and Roderick Graham. "“Safe” and “At-Risk”: Cyberbullying Victimization and Deviant Health Risk Behaviors in Youth." Youth & Society 52, no. 3 (November 8, 2018): 449–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0044118x18810943.

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This study explores the links between cyberbullying victimization and a set of health risk behaviors associated with juvenile delinquency (cigarette smoking, marijuana usage, alcohol usage, and sexual frequency). These links are examined with data from the 2015 Youth Risk Behavior Survey ( n = 9,122). Using cluster analysis, respondents are categorized into two groups: “safe” students who report on average no engagement in the behaviors measured, and “at-risk” students who report on average moderate to high levels of engagement in sexual frequency, marijuana usage, and alcohol usage. Findings suggest that cyberbullying victimization increases the odds of a student being categorized into the “at-risk” cluster. This effect holds controlling for physical bullying, a proxy measure of self-control, and demographic variables.
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Coffman, Kathy L. "The debate about marijuana usage in transplant candidates: recent medical evidence on marijuana health effects." Current Opinion in Organ Transplantation 13, no. 2 (April 2008): 189–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/mot.0b013e3282f56139.

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Donnermeyer, Joseph F. "Rural Youth Usage of Alcohol, Marijuana, and “Hard” Drugs." International Journal of the Addictions 28, no. 3 (January 1993): 249–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/10826089309039626.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Marijuana usage"

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Hutchins, Lanise A. "Coalitions Members' Perceived Methods to Prevent Adolescent Marijuana Usage after Legalization." ScholarWorks, 2015. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/494.

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Community coalitions have had successful reductions in adolescent substance abuse, and the legalization of marijuana presents an opportunity for these coalitions to re-evaluate their current methods and messages for preventing adolescent marijuana usage. Using the theory of planned behavior, the purpose of this qualitative study was to determine how legalization of marijuana for recreational purposes affects the methods and messages of coalitions and how the coalition members perceive their efforts to reduce adolescent marijuana usage post-legalization in Colorado. Participants were obtained by recommendations from the executive director in each of four coalitions. A purposive sample of 12 coalition members was interviewed via telephone and recorded. Data from the transcripts were analyzed, coded, and repeated as necessary until themes arose. The major themes suggested that programs alone were inadequate to change adolescents' perception of marijuana, despite the current success of the methods and messages expressed by coalition members. Recommendations included continuing current programs despite legalization, partnering with marijuana retail shops, engaging youth through multiple tactics, developing relationships with youth, and improving parent education to help prevent adolescent marijuana usage. These themes could shape the development of programs that guide adolescents into making better choices, which could ultimately lead to positive social change.
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Stephens, Jason L. "Synthetic Cannabinoid Usage among College Students: The Example of K2 and Spice." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2011. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc84283/.

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The primary goal of this study was to investigate the awareness and prevalence of Spice and K2 usage among a population of college students, as well as the demographics of such users. The study also sought to determine whether or not students prefer these products over natural cannabis, in addition to examining the most popular methods of obtainment and the most commonly reported side effects of K2 and Spice usage. Participants consisted of 643 undergraduate students enrolled at the University of North Texas during the fall 2011 semester. Findings indicate that while students exhibit a relatively high awareness of K2 and Spice, usage of these products is not a prevalent occurrence. Implications of the findings are discussed.
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Paquet, Christina. "Une typologie des consommateurs et des non-consommateurs de cannabis : contribution à l'élaboration des campagnes de prévention." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/69055.

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La légalisation du cannabis au Canada en octobre 2018 pose à la fois des défis et des opportunités à saisir, notamment en ce qui concerne la réorientation des fonds publics pour améliorer l'efficacité de la prévention chez les jeunes. Alors que les jeunes âgés entre 15 et 24 ans sont caractérisés par un usage de cannabis supérieur à toutes les autres tranches d'âges, les méfaits associés à la substance sont amplifiés lorsque la consommation est fréquente et précoce. L'objectif de cette recherche consiste alors à déterminer quels sont les différents segments de consommateurs et de non-consommateurs de cannabis que l'on peut retrouver dans une population d'adolescents et jeunes adultes. De fait, les non-consommateurs de cannabis ne sont pas un groupe homogène. La création des profils à l'aide de l'analyse typologique repose sur les variables de segmentation suivantes: les motivations à consommer ou à ne pas consommer du cannabis, les croyances quant aux effets du cannabis, la recherche de sensations et l'attitude envers la substance. Un échantillon de 338 répondants âgés entre 15 et 24 ans comprenant 139 consommateurs et 198 non-consommateurs de cannabis a permis de révéler la présence de six profils distincts. Parmi les consommateurs, quatre profils se distinguent : les expérimentateurs, les usagers réguliers, les épicuriens et les occasionnels. En ce qui concerne les non-consommateurs, on retrouve plutôt deux profils : les résolus et les vulnérables. De tous ces profils, les consommateurs réguliers et les non-consommateurs vulnérables apparaissent plus susceptibles à la consommation de cannabis, et devraient, pour cette raison, retenir l'attention des gestionnaires en marketing sociétal. Enfin, une analyse discriminante a permis de révéler l'importance de la recherche de sensations pour discriminer entre les groupes de consommateurs et entre les groupes de nonconsommateurs, ce qui suppose la pertinence de tenir compte du niveau de recherche de sensations des profils les plus vulnérables afin de mieux orienter les messages de prévention.
The legalization of cannabis in Canada in October 2018 poses both challenges and opportunities, especially when it comes to the redirection of public funds for the purpose of improving the effectiveness of the prevention among young people. As the share of young people aged between 15 and 24 years old is characterized by a greater usage of cannabis than any other age group, the harms associated with the substance use are amplified in the case of an early and frequent use. Hence, the objective of the present study is to determine which segments of consumers and non-consumers of cannabis can be found in a population of adolescents and young adults. Indeed, the non-consumers of cannabis do not form a homogeneous group. The profile creation through cluster analysis is based on the following segmentation variables: the motivations that lead to use or not to use cannabis, the beliefs about the effects of cannabis, the search for sensations and the attitude toward the substance. A sample of 338 respondents aged between 15 and 24 years old, comprising 139 consumers and 198 non-consumers of cannabis, revealed six distinct profiles. Four profiles are found among the consumers: the experimenters, the epicureans, the regular and the occasional users. As regards the non-consumers, two profiles are identified: the determined and the vulnerable. Of all these profiles, the regular consumers and the vulnerable non-consumers seem to be more likely to use cannabis and should therefore justify more attention from societal marketing managers. All in all, a discriminant analysis exposed the relevance of the search for sensations in discriminating the groups of consumers and non-consumers, which implies the relevance to take into account the degree of the search for sensations when it comes to most at-risk profiles, in order to better target the prevention messages.
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Najmizadehbaghini, Hossein. "Enhancing the Efficacy of Predictive Analytical Modeling in Operational Management Decision Making." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2019. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1538693/.

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In this work, we focus on enhancing the efficacy of predictive modeling in operational management decision making in two different settings: Essay 1 focuses on demand forecasting for the companies and the second study utilizes longitudinal data to analyze the illicit drug seizure and overdose deaths in the United States. In Essay 1, we utilize an operational system (newsvendor model) to evaluate the forecast method outcome and provide guidelines for forecast method (the exponential smoothing model) performance assessment and judgmental adjustments. To assess the forecast outcome, we consider not only the common forecast error minimization approach but also the profit maximization at the end of the forecast horizon. Including profit in our assessment enables us to determine if error minimization always results in maximum profit. We also look at the different levels of profit margin to analyze their impact on the forecasting method performance. Our study also investigates how different demand patterns influence maximizing the forecasting method performance. Our study shows that the exponential smoothing model family has a better performance in high-profit products, and the rate of decrease in performance versus demand uncertainty is higher in a stationary demand environment.In the second essay, we focus on illicit drug overdose death rate. Illicit drug overdose deaths are the leading cause of injury death in the United States. In 2017, overdose death reached the highest ever recorded level (70,237), and statistics show that it is a growing problem. The age adjusted rate of drug overdose deaths in 2017 (21.7 per 100,000) is 9.6% higher than the rate in 2016 (19.8 per 100,000) (U. S. Drug Enforcement Administration, 2018, p. V). Also, Marijuana consumption among youth has increased since 2009. The magnitude of the illegal drug trade and its resulting problems have led the government to produce large and comprehensive datasets on a variety of phenomena relating to illicit drugs. In this study, we utilize these datasets to examine how marijuana usage among youth influence excessive drug usage. We measure excessive drug usage in terms of drug overdose death rate per state. Our study shows that illegal marijuana consumption increases excessive drug use. Also, we analyze the pattern of most frequently seized illicit drugs and compare it with drugs that are most frequently involved in a drug overdose death. We further our analysis to study seizure patterns across layers of heroin and cocaine supply chain across states. This analysis reveals that most active layers of the heroin supply chain in the American market are retailers and wholesalers, while multi-kilo traffickers are the most active players in the cocaine supply chain. In summary, the studies in this dissertation explore the use of analytical, descriptive, and predictive models to detect patterns to improve efficacy and initiate better operational management decision making.
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Lafortune, Bernard. "Le rôle de l'école dans la prévention de la consommation de drogues en supposant un assouplissement législatif des lois en matière de possession simple de cannabis." Thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/23897/23897.pdf.

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Blum, Cheryl. "Health-Risk Behaviours in Emerging Adults: Examining the Relationships among Personality, Peer, and Parent Variables." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/22668.

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College students and emerging adults have been found to be at risk for smoking cigarettes, drinking to excess, using illicit drugs, driving dangerously, and engaging in risky sexual and delinquent behaviour. Psychosocial correlates (Sensation Seeking, peer behaviour, parent behaviour, and peer and parent anti-substance use messages) from three domains of influence (personality, parent, and peer) were examined together to provide a greater context for the occurrence of such health-risk behaviours. The strongest predictor(s) of each behaviour were identified to better inform intervention practices. Three groups were compared— 1) those who never tried substances, 2) those who tried substances in the past, and 3) those who continue to use substances at present, in a population of emerging adults. Self-report data was gathered from 203 Collèges d'Enseignement Général Et Professionnel (CEGEP) students in the Montreal region. Measures included: Reckless Behaviour Questionnaire, Reckless Driving Measure, Health Behaviour Survey, Sensation Seeking Scale—Form V, and the Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale. Results revealed that peer behaviour was the most significant predictor of substance use in emerging adults, whereas parent behaviour was only a significant predictor of reckless driving. Sensation Seeking, specifically Disinhibition, was found to predict more global reckless behaviours, including illegal activities, such as stealing or using marijuana (p < .01). Neither peer nor parent anti-substance messages were significantly related to any of the health-risk behaviours measured in this study. It would appear that health-risk behaviours tend to be related to the same underlying factors but to varying degrees. Intervention implications are discussed.
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Asparouhova, Elena Ivanova. "Encadrement normatif visant l'utilisation de la marijuana à des fins médicales en Occident." Thèse, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/2373.

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La marijuana existe dans l'environnement humain depuis des milliers d'années, tant pour ses usages récréatifs que médicaux. Pour ces derniers, elle tend à être de plus en plus valorisée; voire considérée comme un produit « non dangereux» et même bénéfique. Pourtant, ses vertus médicinales soulèvent toujours interrogations et controverses au sein du monde médical et scientifique. Ce mémoire examine l'encadrement normatif applicable à l'utilisation de la marijuana à des fins médicales. Dans un premier temps, il présente de façon simplifiée la composition chimique de cette plante et évoque l'histoire mondiale de la marijuana. Le chapitre II expose les Conventions internationales adoptées pour surveiller la production, la distribution et l'usage de marijuana. Le chapitre III est consacré à la législation européenne et en particulier à celle de la France, de la Suisse, du Royaume-Uni et des Pays-Bas. Enfin, la situation en Amérique du Nord est présentée dans le chapitre IV de façon à comparer la position des États-Unis et celle du Canada. Tout au long de ce mémoire, l'auteur note l'interaction entre le législatif et le judiciaire dans le débat entourant l'accès légal à la marijuana à des fins thérapeutiques.
The marijuana has been known to humanity for thousands of years, for its recreational as weil as medical uses. In this contexts, it seems to be seen as "not dangerous" and even useful. However, among medical and scientific experts, discussions still occur about its medical characteristics. This paper studies the normative structures applicable to the use of marijuana for medical purposes. Firstly, it presents in a simplified way the chemical composition of this plant and describes its history. Chapter II introduces the International Conventions adopted in order to supervise the production, distribution and use of marijuana. Chapter III is dedicated to the European legislation and in particular the situation in France, Switzerland, the United Kingdom and the Netherlands. Finally, the situation in North America is presented in chapter IV comparing the positions of the United States of America and Canada. In this document, the author observes the interaction between the legislative regulations and the courts leading to the legal right to use marijuana for therapeutic purposes.
"Mémoire présenté à la Faculté des études supérieures en vue de l'obtention du grade de Maîtrise en droit, option recherche (LL.M.)"
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Lin, Lin, and 林麟. "A Research on the Opening Attitude toward the Usage of Marijuana among the College Students in Taipei Area." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/70590273317321946392.

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碩士
東海大學
教育研究所
94
The purposes of this research are to explore the actual status of Marijuana opening attitude toward Marijuana use for the college students in Taipei area and hope to know the effects of background factors and their differentiations. The researcher also provides some suggestions and comments from the research results to the government for making new policy of soft drug use, and suggestions to the educational workers. 　　The survey was conducted with a series of questionnaire and the subjects in the study were from the daytime students of public(city)universities, private universities, universities of science and technology(technical colleges) in Taipei area（including Taipei City、Taipei County、Keelung City）. 　　In total, the data of 606 subjects were included and analyzed by descriptive statistic and inferential statistic such as, frequency distribution, standard deviation, crosstabs, t-test and one-way ANOVA, etc. The following are major conclusions: 1. It shows the differentiability between basic background variables 　　of college students and opening attitude the usage of marijuana 　　　soft drug. 2. It shows the differentiability between basic background variables 　　of college students and locus of control personality. 3.It shows the differentiability between basic background variables 　　　of college students and the personality traits of sensation 　　　　　seeking. 4. It shows the differentiability between locus of control 　　　　　　　　personality of college students and opening attitude the usage of 　　marijuana soft drug. 5. It shows the differentiability between personality traits of 　　　　　sensation seeking and opening attitude the usage of marijuana 　　　　soft drug. 　　 　　Based upon the findings, there are five concrete recommendations, which are related to family, schools, peers, knowledge of drugs, prevention of drug use, and future research.
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Maguire-Lavigueur, Joëlle. "Effets principaux et modérateurs de l'écart de perception de la prévalence de la consommation de cannabis à l'école sur la consommation et les méfaits attribués à l'adolescence." Thèse, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/10722.

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La majorité des adolescents québécois auront consommé une substance psychoactive avant la fin de leurs études secondaires. Parmi les facteurs ayant une influence sur cette consommation, on retrouve les normes sociales, dont les normes descriptives. Ce mémoire vise à évaluer l’impact des normes descriptives du milieu scolaire sur les comportements d’usage de cannabis chez les adolescents québécois, ainsi que sur les méfaits attribués à cette consommation. Cette étude examine les liens entre l’écart de perception de prévalence de consommation de cannabis au sein d’une école et la consommation ainsi que les conséquences attribuées à cet usage par les élèves. De plus, elle examine le rôle modérateur des écarts de perception de la prévalence de consommation sur la progression de la consommation, ainsi que sur le lien entre la consommation de cannabis en secondaire 4 et des conséquences attribuées à cette consommation un an plus tard. Provenant de la Stratégie d’Intervention Agir Autrement, l’échantillon de cette étude est constitué de 1601 élèves suivis de secondaire 2 à secondaire 5. Des analyses de régression logistique multinomiale ont été conduites et ont montré que plus les élèves surestiment la prévalence de consommation de cannabis au sein de leur école, plus ils ont de chance de consommer du cannabis et d’attribuer des conséquences négatives à leur consommation un an plus tard. Les résultats ont également montré un effet modérateur positif de l’écart de perception de la prévalence sur la progression de la consommation de cannabis de secondaire 4 à 5, spécifiquement chez les élèves ayant une faible consommation en secondaire 4. Finalement, les résultats ont montré un deuxième effet modérateur de l’écart de perception de prévalence, celui-ci sur le lien entre la consommation de cannabis en secondaire 4 et l’attribution de conséquences négatives à cette consommation un an plus tard. Précisément, les élèves ayant une faible consommation et qui surestiment la prévalence de consommation de cannabis au sein de leur école auront plus de chance d’attribuer plusieurs méfaits à leur consommation en secondaire 5 que d’en attribuer aucun. Par contre, les élèves ayant une consommation de cannabis élevée en secondaire 4 ne rapportent pas plus ni moins de conséquences selon leur estimation de prévalence. Les implications de ces résultats sont discutées.
Substance use in adolescence is a relatively common behavior. By the end of high school, a majority of Quebec teenagers will have experimented with psychoactive drugs or alcohol. Among the multiple factors influencing substance use are the social norms, namely the descriptive norms. This study evaluates the impact of the misperception of descriptive norms within the school context on marijuana use and its related consequences. Specifically, this study examines the relationship between the misperception of prevalence of cannabis use within a high school and the actual use of marijuana and its attributed related consequences. It also examines the moderating role of misperception of cannabis use prevalence on the progression of marijuana usage, and on the relationship between cannabis use in 10th grade and its attributed consequences a year later. Using data from the New Approaches, New Solutions intervention strategy, 1601 high school students were followed from grade 8 through grade 11. Multinomial logistic regression analyses were conducted and have indicated that the more the students overestimate the prevalence of cannabis use, the more chances they have to use marijuana themselves and attribute negative consequences to their cannabis use a year later. Results have also shown a moderating effect of the misperception of prevalence of cannabis use on the progression of marijuana use from grade 10 to 11, particularly with the students using marijuana occasionally in grade 10. Results also indicate a moderating effect of the misperception of prevalence of school wide cannabis use on the relationship between marijuana use in grade 10 and attributed consequences a year later. Specifically, students using marijuana occasionally and who overestimate the prevalence of cannabis use by their school peers will have more chances of attributing more than three consequences to their drug use in grade 11 than to attribute no harm to it whereas students who use marijuana frequently in grade 10 do not attribute consequences in accordance with their estimation of the prevalence of cannabis use by their school peers. Clinical implications of these findings are discussed.
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Books on the topic "Marijuana usage"

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United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions. Subcommittee on Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services. Providing substance abuse prevention and treatment services to adolescents: Hearing before the Subcommittee on Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services of the Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions, United States Senate, One Hundred Eighth Congress, second session, on examining substance abuse prevention and treatment services for adolescents, focusing on the effects of binge drinking, and monthly cigarette, beer, and marijuana usage, and the developments of the juvenile treatment network, June 15, 2004. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 2005.

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Williams, Mary E. Marijuana. Greenhaven Press, 2003.

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Clark, Todd. Drugs in Professional Sports. Edited by Michael A. McCann. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190465957.013.5.

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This chapter discusses the effects of recreational drugs, specifically marijuana, and performance-enhancing drugs in professional sports. To that end, this chapter highlights how these types of drugs have impacted society, athletes, team owners, and sport leagues. In addition, it provides a robust discussion about the historical, political, and legal impact of drug usage in sports and how these issues influence player rights, obligations, and duties. Finally, this chapter provides insight into the possible future authorization of marijuana based on its medicinal benefits and how the legalization of marijuana would be poised to reshape the legal relationship between players, teams and leagues.
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Publishers, Leehanna. Cannabis Journal: A Medical / Recreational Marijuana Journal. a Great Logbook for Noting down Your Cannabis Usage. Our Marijuana Notebook Is Customized to Suit Every Type of User from the Recreational to the Medical and Contains over 100 Pages. Independently Published, 2020.

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Publishers, Leehanna. Cannabis Journal: A Medical / Recreational Marijuana Journal. a Great Logbook for Noting down Your Cannabis Usage. Our Marijuana Notebook Is Customized to Suit Every Type of User from the Recreational to the Medical and Contains over 150 Pages. Independently Published, 2019.

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Publishers, Leehanna. My Cannabis Journal: A Medical / Recreational Marijuana Journal. a Great Logbook for Noting down Your Cannabis Usage. Our Marijuana Notebook Is Customized to Suit Every Type of User from the Recreational to the Medical and Contains over 150 Pages. Independently Published, 2019.

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Publishers, Leehanna. My Cannabis Journal: A Medical / Recreational Marijuana Journal. a Great Logbook for Noting down Your Cannabis Usage. Our Marijuana Notebook Is Customized to Suit Every Type of User from the Recreational to the Medical and Contains over 100 Pages. Independently Published, 2020.

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Publishers, Leehanna. My Cannabis Journal: A Medical / Recreational Marijuana Journal. a Great Logbook for Noting down Your Cannabis Usage. Our Marijuana Notebook Is Customized to Suit Every Type of User from the Recreational to the Medical and Contains over 150 Pages. Independently Published, 2019.

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Publishers, Leehanna. My Cannabis Journal: A Medical / Recreational Marijuana Journal. a Great Logbook for Noting down Your Cannabis Usage. Our Marijuana Notebook Is Customized to Suit Every Type of User from the Recreational to the Medical and Contains over 150 Pages. Independently Published, 2019.

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Horan Fisher, Jacqueline, Sara Becker, Molly Bobek, and Aaron Hogue. Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders. Edited by Thomas H. Ollendick, Susan W. White, and Bradley A. White. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190634841.013.29.

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Significant developmental changes in adolescence typically lead to increased risky behavior, including substance use. Survey data indicated that adolescent alcohol and drug use has declined in recent years, with the exception of marijuana use, which has remained consistent, and e-cigarette use, which is on the rise. This chapter provides a summary of prevalence rates, trends, and maladaptive consequences of adolescent substance use. Etiological models of adolescent substance use are discussed, including dual-process and biopsychosocial models. Current literature on evidence-based screening, comprehensive assessment, and treatment is also reviewed. Despite the recent advances made regarding our ability to screen, assess, diagnose, and treat adolescent substance use, a significant treatment gap persists, which has significant individual and public health impacts. This chapter therefore concludes with a call for research that aims to increase patient awareness of effective treatment via strategies such as technology-delivered assessment and intervention and usage of direct-to-consumer marketing.
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Book chapters on the topic "Marijuana usage"

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"opportunities. Yet, statistics suggest that adolescent girls have ironi-cally found a way of achieving parity with their male counterparts. It is through their entry to the use and abuse of chemicals. It could be stated that drugs have become an artificial means of achieving em-powerment. • Since 1991, there is little difference in the rate of alcohol and il-licit drug use among eighth grade girls and boys. For some drugs, eighth grade girls have even higher rates of usage (e.g., inhalants and stimulants. (1995 Monitoring the Future Survey) (MTFS). • Heavy drinking has increased significantly among young, employed women over the last 40 years in the United States. As many as 16% of these women may be consuming three to five drinks per day (CASA, 1996; US Dept. of Health & Human Ser-vices, Office for Substance Abuse Prevention, 1991). • In 1995, nearly one-tenth of eighth grade girls were current smokers, the same rate for eighth grade boys (CASA, 1995). • Young women between the ages of 16 and 22 are more likely to smoke cigarettes than their male counterparts (US Dept. of Health & Human Services, Office for Substance Abuse Prevention, 1991). • From 1991 to 1995, the rate of past-month marijuana use among eighth grade girls has risen slightly faster than the rate among boys during the same period, (MTFS, 1995). • Today's daughters are 15 times likelier than their mothers to be-gin using illegal drugs by the age of 15 (CASA, 1996, p. 2). The rise in the statistics for females is compelling in relation to the prevention dollars that have been spent in the last 20 years. Drug Use as a Metaphor of Independence and Dependence However, to view use of a substance as a solution to a problem casts a different shadow upon our understanding of the motivating forces to use and abuse chemicals in our society. This in turn presents a whole new interpretation of risk and prevention. In a profound twist, sub-stance abuse can be seen as a symptom that is "socially useful" or functional in our society. The symptom is a metaphorical expression of and response to cultural ailments. Addiction is an attempt at its remedy (Barrett, 1992). It can be best understood as an adaptation to one's environment (Peele, 1989), albeit a poor one. In this framework,." In Family Systems/Family Therapy, 45–60. Routledge, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203725184-7.

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Conference papers on the topic "Marijuana usage"

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Isaacs, Jason, Sean MacKinnon, Kayla Joyce, and Sherry Stewart. "Cannabis Use Among Women: Does Daily Assessment Reactivity Affect Usage Patterns?" In 2020 Virtual Scientific Meeting of the Research Society on Marijuana. Research Society on Marijuana, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.26828/cannabis.2021.01.000.30.

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BACKGROUND: Daily diary measurements are a common way to assess substance use behaviours, however researchers and clinicians are often cognizant of assessment reactivity (or “reactivity”) in daily substance use measurement. Reactivity involves changes to behaviours that result simply from self-monitoring those behaviours. When reactivity to substance use measurement has been found to exist, it has been identified both as a possible confound in daily diary research and a potential intervention tool in clinical practice. Reactivity to daily self-monitoring of alcohol and tobacco use has been investigated in prior research, however this research has been inconsistent. Reactivity to daily self-monitoring of cannabis use quantity has yet to be documented at all. METHOD: The current study involved secondary analyses of data from N=88 women who self-monitored their cannabis use for 32 consecutive days (Joyce et al., under review). We examined objective reactivity of cannabis use to daily self-monitoring both for the probability of use each day as well as the quantity of cannabis used on each cannabis-using day. At study completion, participants were asked the degree to which they felt self-monitoring impacted their cannabis use (i.e., subjective reactivity). We explored the reported degree of subjective reactivity, and we examined correspondence between objective and subjective reactivity. RESULTS: Hurdle models were the best fit for the data. Participants’ probability of daily cannabis use and the quantity of cannabis use did not change significantly over the study period. For subjective reactivity, many respondents (45%) reported no subjective reactivity, though a majority (55%) reported some degree of subjective reactivity with 24% reporting moderate or more reactivity. A three-step hierarchical linear model was used to investigate the relationship between objective and subjective reactivity. Time was the only predictor in the first step, subjective reactivity was added as a predictor in the second step, and the time x subjective reactivity interaction was explored in the final step. Subjective reactivity was not found to moderate the relationship between time and cannabis use, although there was a significant relationship between self-reported subjective reactivity and variability of cannabis use across the data collection period. CONCLUSIONS: This study determined that participants who report greater subjective reactivity to cannabis measurement are more likely to demonstrate variability in their cannabis usage. While this study did not find a significant change in cannabis scores over time because of reactivity, the non-significant results are valuable from both a research and a clinical standpoint. For research, the lack of change is an indicator that reactivity is likely not a confounding factor in studies involving cannabis daily diary research. From a clinical perspective, the non-significant change indicates that simply self-monitoring cannabis is unlikely to provide standalone benefits when daily self-monitoring is used in clinical practice. It is relevant to note that our study involved a non-help-seeking sample, and future research could benefit from determining whether cannabis reactivity may be moderated by help-seeking behaviours or motivations to change.
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Wallace, Elliot, Li-Hui Chu, and Jason Ramirez. "An Examination of Relationships Between Mental Health Symptoms, Marijuana Use Motives, and Marijuana Use Outcomes Among Late Adolescents in Washington State." In 2020 Virtual Scientific Meeting of the Research Society on Marijuana. Research Society on Marijuana, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.26828/cannabis.2021.01.000.13.

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Adolescence is a critical period of development which can be affected by the initiation and escalation of marijuana use. Examining risk factors of marijuana misuse among adolescents is a public health priority. Previous research examining depression and anxiety as risk factors for marijuana use among young adults is mixed. Some studies found a positive relationship between mental health symptoms and marijuana use, while other studies have found gender-specific relationships or no relationship at all. Despite this research, little is known regarding mental health symptoms and marijuana use among adolescents. The aims of current analysis were to 1) examine associations between mental health symptoms and marijuana use behavior among adolescents, and 2) examine coping motives as a moderator of the relationship between mental health symptoms and marijuana outcomes. The current study included 170 late adolescents (15-18 years old, Mage = 16.86, SDage = 0.94, 50% female) recruited from Washington State. The sample was stratified by gender and marijuana use such that participants ranged from never using marijuana to reporting heavy, regular marijuana use. Participants were asked to complete three online assessments over the course of six months. Data described here come from the first online assessment. This included a 4-item measure of mental health symptoms (depression and anxiety) in the past 2 weeks, in addition to measures of marijuana use, marijuana-related consequences, and marijuana use motives. A series of initial linear regression models that controlled for age and sex found that mental health symptoms were not significantly associated with typical marijuana use (p > .05) but were significantly positively associated with marijuana-related consequences (β = 0.33, p < .001). Additional models that also included coping motives found that stronger endorsement of using marijuana to cope with negative affect was associated with more hours high in a typical week (β = 0.25, p < .05) and more marijuana-related consequences (β = 0.24, p < .05). There were no significant interactions between coping motives and mental health symptoms in predicting either marijuana use or consequences (ps > .05). The findings suggest that adolescents who report more mental health symptoms do not necessarily use more marijuana than those who report fewer symptoms, but may be at greater risk for experiencing negative consequences as a result of their usage. Additionally, the results suggest a stronger endorsement of using marijuana to cope with negative affect is related to greater marijuana use and risk for experiencing negative consequences. No evidence of moderation was found suggesting the relationships between mental health symptoms and marijuana use outcomes do not vary as a function of coping motives. Screening during adolescence for early signs of mental health symptoms to predict risk may be beneficial towards preventing negative outcomes and providing early interventions for marijuana misuse.
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Herold, Rachel, Rachel Boykan, Allison Eliscu, and Hector Alcala. "Peer Influence on Teens' Usage of Marijuana and Tobacco Use and Urinary Biomarkers." In AAP National Conference & Exhibition Meeting Abstracts. American Academy of Pediatrics, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.147.3_meetingabstract.1011.

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Choi, J., E. Ho, and D. W. Lee. "A Case of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Associated with Butane-Hash Oil Marijuana Usage." In American Thoracic Society 2020 International Conference, May 15-20, 2020 - Philadelphia, PA. American Thoracic Society, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2020.201.1_meetingabstracts.a7035.

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Bae, Sang Won, Tammy Chung, Brian Suffoletto, Mohammad Islam, Jiameng Du, Serim Jang, Yuuki Nishiyama, Raghu Mulukutla, and Anind Dey. "Mobile Phone Sensor-Based Detection of Subjective Cannabis “High” in Young Adults: A Feasibility Study in Real-World Settings." In 2020 Virtual Scientific Meeting of the Research Society on Marijuana. Research Society on Marijuana, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.26828/cannabis.2021.01.000.31.

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Aim: Acute cannabis intoxication can impair motor skills and cognitive functions. Given possible impairment related to acute cannabis intoxication, we explored whether mobile phone-based sensors (e.g., GPS, text/phone logs) can detect episodes of acute cannabis intoxication (subjective “high” state) as self-reported in natural environments by young adults. Methods: Young adults (ages 18-25), who reported cannabis use at least twice per week, were recruited by research registry and Craigslist to participate in a mobile phone data collection study (up to 30 days) in Pittsburgh, PA (2017-2019). Participants responded to fixed time phone surveys (3 times/day) and self-initiated reports of cannabis use (start/stop time, rating of subjective high: 0-10, 10=very high). Our mobile AWARE app continuously collected phone sensor data, which was segmented into 5-minute windows for analysis. We built and tested multiple machine learning classifiers (e.g., Support Vector Machine, Light Gradient Boosting Machine (LGBM)) on training (60%), validation (20%), and test (20%) datasets to determine which classifier performed best in distinguishing subjective cannabis “high” (rating=1-10) vs “not high” (rating=0). To minimize the influence of imbalanced data on model performance in the training dataset, we used both over-sampling with Synthetic Minority Over-sampling Technique (SMOTE) and random under-sampling of the majority class, so that both classes (“high”, “not-high”) had the same number of training samples. We also tested the importance of time features (i.e., day of week, time of day: morning, afternoon, evening) relative to smartphone sensor data only on model performance, since time features alone might predict “routines” in cannabis use. Results: Young adults (N=57; 58% female; mean age=19.82 [SD=1.76]; 71.92% White, 15.78% Black, 12.28% Asian and other ethnicity) reported 451 episodes of cannabis use, mean subjective high rating=3.77 (SD=2.64). The sensor dataset included 1,648 datapoints representing reports of subjective ""high"" and 60,580 data points representing ""not high"" reports. For the two time-based features only model, the LGBM classifier had 91% accuracy in detecting subjective cannabis intoxication (vs “not-high”) in the test dataset (Area Under the Curve [AUC]=0.75). Combining smartphone sensor data with the two time-based features (day of week, time of day) improved model performance, with 95% accuracy (AUC=0.93), indicating that smartphone features contribute unique information, and that time features further improve model performance in detecting rating of subjective cannabis ""high"". Among the 102 phone sensor features entered into the analyses (smartphone sensors + time model), some of the most important features (the top 2 were the time features) included travel (GPS: smaller travel radius within a day when feeling ""high”), movement (e.g., smaller number of activity changes when feeling ""high”), and communication/sociability (e.g., increased phone usage interactions, greater voice and noise level around individuals). Conclusion: Results from this proof-of-concept study indicate the feasibility of using phone sensors to detect effects of cannabis intoxication in the natural environment in a population-based model among young adults. Mobile phone sensors show promise for automated and continuous detection of cannabis use in daily life in a sample of young adults, with potential implications for triggering the delivery of just-in-time interventions to minimize marijuana-related harm.
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