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1
Minh, Thu Khong, Thi Quynh Le An, and Dao Khanh Phan Tung. "FACTORS RELATED TO THE AWARENESS AND BEHAVIOR OF MARIJUANA USE AMONG UNIVERSITY STUDENTS IN CAPITAL HANOI, VIETNAM." COMMUNITY PRACTITIONER 20, no. 09 (2023): 339–50. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8385148.
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<strong>Abstract</strong> The increasing use of addictive substances, especially marijuana, among university students has increased the burden of disease and social issues. However, the specific data about the prevalence and factors relating to marijuana use among university students is still limited. This study aims to provide the initial research literature about factors affecting the awareness and behavior of marijuana use among university students in Hanoi. The study employed two primary methods: a survey questionnaire and an in-depth interview with a sample of 324 diverse university students. According to research findings, students are generally uncertain about the effects of marijuana and take a neutral stance on its social acceptability. The overall prevalence of marijuana use among university students in Hanoi is 7.4%, of which the rate of use in males is 9.4% and in females is 4.1%. Marijuana use is also influenced by peers' behavior, and parents' false perception of their children's drug prevention capability and marijuana's accessibility may also play a factor.
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Kim, Yoonsang, Lisa Vera, Jidong Huang, and Sherry Emery. "Marijuana Content on Digital Media and Marijuana Use among Young People in the United States." Cannabis 5, no. 2 (2022): 74–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.26828/cannabis/2022.02.007.
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Health behavior theory establishes that exposure to media messages about a topic influences related knowledge, attitudes, and behavior. Marijuana-related messages proliferating on digital media likely affect attitudes and behavior about marijuana. Most research studying marijuana-related media effects on behavior relies on self-reported survey measures, which are subject to bias; people find it difficult to recall timing, frequency, and sources of messages. We calculated an exogenous measure of exposure to marijuana-related messages on digital media based on emerging public communication environment (PCE) theory. Aggregated online searches and social media posts related to marijuana for a given place reflect the marijuana-related PCE, where people are exposed to and engage with messages from multiple sources. Exogenous measures overcome bias in self-reported exposure and outcome data: simultaneity bias and endogeneity. The PCE reflects both potential exposure and relative importance of the topic in the local community, which may influence real-world marijuana use. Using 2017 Twitter and Google Search data, we measured the marijuana-related PCE to quantify where opportunities for exposure to marijuana-related posts were high and examined relationships between potential exposure and current marijuana use among youth and young adults in 2018. We found that marijuana-related online search and tweeting at the media market level are associated with offline marijuana use, controlling for demographics and state marijuana policy. The marijuana-related digital media environment may reflect and/or influence youth and young adult marijuana use. Social media and online search data offer platforms to monitor the marijuana-related PCE and supplement survey data to study media exposure and marijuana use behavior.
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Ostrowsky, Michael K. "Does Marijuana Use Lead to Aggression and Violent Behavior?" Journal of Drug Education 41, no. 4 (2011): 369–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/de.41.4.c.
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Marijuana use and violent behavior are causing widespread public concern. This article reviews theory and research on the relation between marijuana use and aggressive/violent behavior. It is evident from the inconsistent findings in the literature that the exact nature of the relation remains unclear. This article identifies several possible reasons for these contradictory findings and provides suggestions for future research. In particular, more research is needed on the different subtypes of aggressive behavior. Further research is also needed to elucidate the associations between gender, marijuana use, and violent behavior. Likewise, an important task for future research is to continue to tease apart the complex relations between gang involvement, marijuana use, and violent behavior. Longitudinal studies also warrant further investigation. Moreover, future research should control for several potentially confounding variables.
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WHITE, HELENE RASKIN, ROLF LOEBER, MAGDA STOUTHAMER–LOEBER, and DAVID P. FARRINGTON. "Developmental associations between substance use and violence." Development and Psychopathology 11, no. 4 (1999): 785–803. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579499002321.
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This study examined the developmental associations between substance use and violence. We examined the trends in each behavior throughout adolescence, how the behaviors covaried over time, and the symmetry of associations taking into account frequency and severity of each behavior. We also examined whether changes in one behavior affected changes in the other behavior over time. Six years of annual data were analyzed for 506 boys who were in the seventh grade at the first assessment. Concurrent associations between frequency of substance use and violence were relatively strong throughout adolescence and were somewhat stronger for marijuana than alcohol, especially in early adolescence. Type or severity of violence was not related to concurrent alcohol or marijuana frequency, but severity of drug use was related to concurrent violence frequency. Depending, to some degree, on the age of the subjects, the longitudinal relationships between substance use and violence were reciprocal during adolescence and slightly stronger for alcohol and violence than for marijuana and violence. Further, increases in alcohol use were related to increases in violence; however, when early alcohol use was controlled, increases in marijuana use were not related to increases in violence. Only in early adolescence was the longitudinal relationship between marijuana use and later violence especially strong. The strength of the longitudinal associations between violence and substance use did not change when common risk factors for violence and substance use were controlled. Overall, the data lend more support for a reciprocal than for a unidirectional association between substance use and violence. Prevention efforts should be directed at aggressive males who are multiple-substance users in early adolescence.
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Wojciechowski, Thomas. "Development of Marijuana Use Among Juvenile Offenders and Its Relevance for Predicting Problematic Binge Drinking: A Dual Trajectory Analysis Approach." Journal of Drug Issues 48, no. 3 (2018): 377–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022042618762730.
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This study builds on past research to examine the association of engagement in consistently high binge drinking behavior in adolescence with the concurrent development of marijuana use and to better understand the development of marijuana use during adolescence among a sample of juvenile offenders. This research used group-based trajectory analysis to examine heterogeneity in the development of marijuana use and dual trajectory analysis to examine the relevance of trajectories for predicting concurrent problematic binge drinking. A seven-group model best fit the marijuana use data. Marijuana use in adolescence predicted increased odds of assignment to the heavy chronic binge drinking group. The heavy chronic marijuana use group was overwhelmingly the best predictor of assignment to this group. Juvenile offenders are at risk of engagement in marijuana use and problematic levels of marijuana use. Engagement in marijuana use predicts higher odds of problematic binge drinking behavior during adolescence.
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Ernst, Monique, and Monica Luciana. "Neuroimaging of the dopamine/reward system in adolescent drug use." CNS Spectrums 20, no. 4 (2015): 427–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1092852915000395.
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Adolescence is characterized by heightened risk-taking, including substance misuse. These behavioral patterns are influenced by ontogenic changes in neurotransmitter systems, particularly the dopamine system, which is fundamentally involved in the neural coding of reward and motivated approach behavior. During adolescence, this system evidences a peak in activity. At the same time, the dopamine (DA) system is neuroplastically altered by substance abuse, impacting subsequent function. Here, we describe properties of the dopamine system that change with typical adolescent development and that are altered with substance abuse. Much of this work has been gleaned from animal models due to limitations in measuring dopamine in pediatric samples. Structural and functional neuroimaging techniques have been used to examine structures that are heavily DA-innervated; they measure morphological and functional changes with age and with drug exposure. Presenting marijuana abuse as an exemplar, we consider recent findings that support an adolescent peak in DA-driven reward-seeking behavior and related deviations in motivational systems that are associated with marijuana abuse/dependence. Clinicians are advised that (1) chronic adolescent marijuana use may lead to deficiencies in incentive motivation, (2) that this state is due to marijuana’s interactions with the developing DA system, and (3) that treatment strategies should be directed to remediating resultant deficiencies in goal-directed activity.
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Sussman, Steve, Alan W. Stacy, Clyde W. Dent, Thomas R. Simon, and C. Anderson Johnson. "Marijuana Use: Current Issues and New Research Directions." Journal of Drug Issues 26, no. 4 (1996): 695–733. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002204269602600402.
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Due to recent evidence of the increasing frequency of marijuana use among adolescents and young adults, and due to the many remaining research issues regarding this drug, it is appropriate to summarize some of the important data about marijuana and to suggest some directions for research and service. This article first provides a review of the history, botany, active ingredients, effects, and negative consequences of marijuana use. Next, prevention and cessation of marijuana use are discussed. Finally, this paper provides a selective examination of current issues in marijuana research. Several salient issues are highlighted including its preference among certain subgroups (high risk youth and ethnic differences), its relations with illegal behavior (marijuana use and driving, current marijuana-related legislation, and marijuana use and violence), and its recent portrayal in the media.
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Jalilian, Farzad, Mehdi Mirzaei-Alavijeh, Mohammad Ahmadpanah, et al. "Extension of the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) to Predict Patterns of Marijuana Use among Young Iranian Adults." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 6 (2020): 1981. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17061981.
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Background: Marijuana use is increasing among adolescents and young adults. Long-term marijuana use magnifies the risk of a wide variety of behavioral, cognitive-emotional, and neurological problems, and can be a gateway to use of other drugs. In the present study, we investigated the cognitive-emotional and behavioral predictors of marijuana use. To this end, young Iranian adults answered questions based on an extended Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) and related it to marijuana use. We hypothesized that cognitive-emotional and behavioral factors would predict intention to use marijuana, and that this, in turn, would predict actual consumption. Methods: A total of 166 young Iranian adults (mean age: 20.51 years; 15.7% females) attending a walk-in center for drug use took part in this cross-sectional study. Participants completed questionnaires covering sociodemographic information, frequency of marijuana use per week, along with questionnaires assessing the following dimensions of the TPB: attitude towards marijuana use, subjective norms, self-efficacy to resist marijuana use, environmental constraints, problem-solving skills, and behavioral intention for marijuana use. Results: Mean marijuana use was found to be 4.6 times/week. Attitude towards marijuana use, subjective norms, environmental constraints, and behavioral intention to use marijuana were positively correlated to each other and with marijuana use/week. In contrast, higher self-efficacy and problem-solving skills were associated with lower marijuana use/week. The multiple regression analysis showed that a positive attitude to marijuana use, lower self-efficacy in resisting its use, higher behavioral intention, and poorer problem-solving skills predicted actual use. Conclusion: The pattern of results suggests that dimensions of TPB can explain marijuana use among young Iranian adults self-admitted to a walk-in center for drug use. Specifically, poor problem-solving skills, low self-efficacy in resisting marijuana use, and positive labelling of its use appeared to be the best predictors of actual use. It follows that prevention programs aimed at improving problem-solving skills and raising self-efficacy, along with educational interventions aimed at highlighting the negative effects of marijuana might decrease the risk of its use among young adults in Iran.
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Haas, Ann Pollinger, and Herbert Hendin. "The Meaning of Chronic Marijuana Use among Adults: A Psychosocial Perspective." Journal of Drug Issues 17, no. 4 (1987): 333–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002204268701700402.
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Research on marijuana smoking among adults has raised questions about whether such behavior is essentially maladaptive. Drawing from their study of the role of marijuana in the psychosocial adaptation of long-term, heavy adult users, the authors explore the meaning this behavior appears to have for such individuals. On the basis of questionnaire results obtained from 150 chronic marijuana-smoking adults, use of the drug was not found to be linked with maladaptive functioning in any consistent behavioral sense. Intensive interviews with a smaller number of subjects revealed a quite different picture, however, pointing to a relationship between heavy marijuana use and significant adaptive difficulties in the areas of work and personal relationships. While suggesting the need to use psychodynamic, as well as social variables, in defining marijuana abuse, the authors caution against concluding a causal linkage between the drug behavior and users' difficulties in psychosocial functioning.
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Griffin, DeKeitra, Shawndaya S. Thrasher, Keith J. Watts, Philip Baiden, Elaine M. Maccio, and Miya Tate. "Protective Factors for Marijuana Use and Suicidal Behavior Among Black LGBQ U.S. High School Students." Social Sciences 14, no. 5 (2025): 267. https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci14050267.
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This study aimed to investigate the association between protective factors, marijuana use, and suicidal behavior among Black LGBQ U.S. adolescents. Methods: A subsample of 991 Black LGBQ adolescents was derived from the 2019 Combined High School YRBSS dataset. Suicidal behavior was measured as suicidal planning and/or previous suicide attempts. Marijuana usage gauged lifetime consumption. The protective factors included sports team participation, physical activity, eating breakfast, hours of sleep, and academic performance. Age and sex were entered as covariates. Multiple imputation by chained equations (MICE) was used to address missing data, and pooled binary logistic regression analyses were conducted. Results: Academic performance and hours of sleep were significantly associated with lower odds of suicidal behavior and lifetime marijuana use. Sports team participation was associated with higher odds of lifetime marijuana use. Being female was linked to higher odds of marijuana use, while older age was associated with lower odds. Discussion: For Black LGBQ youth, academic performance and sufficient sleep may function as protective factors. Participating in sports was associated with greater odds of risk behaviors, highlighting the need to assess the experiences of Black LGBQ youth in sports. Implications and Contributions: Our findings inform school programming, policy, and practice by identifying academic support and sleep health as intervention areas.
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Donovan, John E. "Problem-Behavior Theory and the Explanation of Adolescent Marijuana Use." Journal of Drug Issues 26, no. 2 (1996): 379–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002204269602600205.
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Problem-Behavior Theory was developed by Richard Jessor and Shirley Jessor almost 30 years ago. The theory is a social-psychological framework focused on the explanation of variation in adolescents' involvement in behaviors that are socially defined as a problem and as undesirable by the norms of conventional society and that elicit some form of social sanctions. Problem behaviors of interest have included underage drinking, problem drinking, marijuana use, other illicit drug use, delinquent behavior, and precocious sexual behavior. Research conducted in the 1970s demonstrated that the theory could account for approximately 50% of the variance in marijuana use in both local and national sample studies. The present analyses sought to determine whether the theory continues to be relevant for the explanation of illicit drug use among contemporary American youth. Both cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses of multiple datasets collected over a 20-year period confirm its enduring validity.
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Morse, Melanie C., Kari Benson, and Kate Flory. "Disruptive Behavior Disorders and Marijuana Use: The Role of Depressive Symptoms." Substance Abuse: Research and Treatment 9s1 (January 2015): SART.S31432. http://dx.doi.org/10.4137/sart.s31432.
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Objective The present study sought to examine the relations among disruptive behavior disorders (DBDs; ie, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder [ADHD], conduct disorder [CD], oppositional defiant disorder [ODD]), depressive symptoms, and marijuana use among a sample of late adolescents and emerging adults. Method A total of 900 students (75.8% female, 80.3% Caucasian, Mage = 20) from a large public university completed an online survey. Results Findings indicated that depressive symptoms mediated the relation between the marijuana use and past symptoms of ADHD, past diagnosis of ADHD, CD symptoms, CD diagnosis, and ODD diagnosis. Conclusion Depressive symptoms represent a link between DBDs and marijuana use that is suggested, but not well documented in the existing literature. The current findings add to this evidence and suggest a need to assess individuals presenting with symptoms of DBDs for depressive symptoms, as this symptom pattern may result in a greater likelihood of marijuana use.
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Rodríguez-Puente, Linda Azucena, Edna Idalia Paulina Navarro-Oliva, Carlos Flores Pérez, et al. "Síntomas depresivos, conducta disocial y consumo de alcohol y mariguana en jóvenes universitarios." Revista Internacional de Investigación en Adicciones 8, no. 2 (2022): 32–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.28931/riiad.2022.2.05.
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Introduction: one of the main problems facing society is drug use. The use of alcohol and marijuana in young people can be influenced by various risk factors such as depressive symptoms and dissocial behavior. Objective: to determine the relationship between depressive symptoms and dissocial behavior with the consumption of alcohol and marijuana in university students. Method: descriptive correlational and cross-sectional study. Population made up of 514 students between 18 and 25 years of age, a stratified random sampling was carried out for a sample of 137 participants. Results: depressive symptoms were related to the number of marijuana cigarettes consumed (rs = .422, p = .006). Dissocial behavior was related to the age of initiation of marijuana use (rs = -.496, p = .001) and the number of marijuana cigarettes consumed (rs = .630, p = .001). Conclusions: depressive symptoms and dissocial behavior are related to the consumption of marijuana in university students.
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Chen, Xinguang, Bin Yu, Bonita Stanton, Robert L. Cook, Ding-Geng(Din) Chen, and Chukwuemeka Okafor. "Medical Marijuana Laws and Marijuana Use Among U.S. Adolescents: Evidence From Michigan Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance Data." Journal of Drug Education 48, no. 1-2 (2018): 18–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0047237918803361.
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Research findings are inconsistent regarding a positive association between the passage of state medical marijuana laws (MML) and the adolescent access and the use of marijuana. We utilized a novel analytical approach to examine this issue with multiyear data from the 1997–2013 Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System of the State of Michigan. After controlling for the historically declining trend in marijuana use prior to the passages of MML in Michigan, we found that marijuana use among adolescents had increased subsequent to the passage of state MML. The study findings suggest the need for considering the increased risk of marijuana use in adolescents, as more states have implemented laws permitting marijuana use.
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Brook, Judith S., Jung Yeon Lee, Elaine N. Brown, Stephen J. Finch, and David W. Brook. "Developmental Trajectories of Marijuana Use from Adolescence to Adulthood: Personality and Social Role Outcomes." Psychological Reports 108, no. 2 (2011): 339–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/10.18.pr0.108.2.339-357.
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Longitudinal trajectories of marijuana use from adolescence into adulthood were examined for adverse life-course outcomes among African-Americans and Puerto Ricans. Data for marijuana use were analyzed at four points in time and on participants' personality attributes, work functioning, and partner relations in adulthood using growth mixture modeling. Each of the three marijuana-use trajectory groups (maturing-out, late-onset, and chronic marijuana-users) had greater adverse life-course outcomes than a nonuse or low-use trajectory group. The chronic marijuana-use trajectory group was highly associated with criminal behavior and partners' marijuana use in adulthood. Treatment programs for marijuana use should also directly address common adverse life-course outcomes users may already be experiencing.
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Merianos, Ashley L., Brittany L. Rosen, LaTrice Montgomery, Adam E. Barry, and Matthew Lee Smith. "Impact of Perceived Risk and Friend Influence on Alcohol and Marijuana Use Among Students." Journal of School Nursing 33, no. 6 (2017): 446–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1059840517717591.
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We performed a secondary analysis of Adolescent Health Risk Behavior Survey data ( N = 937), examining associations between lifetime alcohol and marijuana use with intrapersonal (i.e., risk perceptions) and interpersonal (e.g., peer approval and behavior) factors. Multinomial and binary logistic regression analyses contend students reporting lifetime alcohol use—compared to students who had never used alcohol or marijuana—perceived lower alcohol risk ( p < .001), higher friend drinking approval ( p < .001), and greater friend drinking ( p = .003). Using both alcohol and marijuana in one’s life was associated with being in public schools ( p = .010), higher grade levels ( p = .001), lower perceived alcohol ( p = .011) and marijuana use risk ( p = .003), higher friend approval of alcohol ( p < .001) and marijuana use ( p < .001), and believed more friends used alcohol ( p < .001). Compared to lifetime alcohol only, perceived friend academic performance decreased the risk of lifetime alcohol and marijuana use ( p = .043). Findings are beneficial to school nurses with students experiencing effects associated with substance use.
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White, Helene Raskin, and Stephen Hansell. "Acute and Long-Term Effects of Drug Use on Aggression from Adolescence into Adulthood." Journal of Drug Issues 28, no. 4 (1998): 837–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002204269802800402.
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Four waves of longitudinal data were used to examine the relationship between the use of alcohol, marijuana, and cocaine and aggression from early adolescence into adulthood. The prevalence of fighting while using drugs (i.e., acute effects) was higher for alcohol than for marijuana and cocaine. A series of nested structural equation models examined the cross-sectional and long-term longitudinal interrelationships between each type of drug use and aggressive behavior. While alcohol use was not significantly related to later aggressive behavior at any age, both marijuana and cocaine use were significantly related to later aggression. In contrast, aggressive behavior did not significantly predict later alcohol, marijuana, or cocaine use. Overall, these data suggest that the long-term as well as acute relationships between aggression and drug use vary by drug type and stage of the life cycle.
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Washburn, Isaac J., and Deborah M. Capaldi. "Heterogeneity in men's marijuana use in the 20s: Adolescent antecedents and consequences in the 30s." Development and Psychopathology 27, no. 1 (2014): 279–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579414000686.
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AbstractAdolescent psychopathology is commonly connected to marijuana use. How changes in these adolescent antecedents and in adolescent marijuana use are connected to patterns of marijuana use in the 20s is little understood. Another issue not clearly understood is psychopathology in the 30s as predicted by marijuana use in the 20s. This study sought to examine these two issues and the associations with marijuana disorder diagnoses using a longitudinal data set of 205 men with essentially annual reports. Individual psychopathology and family characteristics from the men's adolescence were used to predict their patterns of marijuana use across their 20s, and aspects of the men's psychopathology in their mid-30s were predicted from these patterns. Three patterns of marijuana use in the 20s were identified using growth mixture modeling and were associated with diagnoses of marijuana disorders at age 26 years. Parental marijuana use predicted chronic use for the men in adulthood. Patterns of marijuana use in the 20s predicted antisocial behavior and deviant peer association at age 36 years (controlling for adolescent levels of the outcomes by residualization). These findings indicate that differential patterns of marijuana use in early adulthood are associated with psychopathology toward midlife.
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Colares, Viviane, Jonathan Lopes de Lisboa, Patricia Maria Pereira de Araújo Zarzar, et al. "Association between cigarette use and adolescents’ behavior." Revista de Saúde Pública 54 (March 18, 2020): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/s1518-8787.2020054001534.
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OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of cigarette use among adolescents and to identify associated health risk behaviors. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study with a representative sample, composed of 1059 adolescents between 13 and 19 years old, enrolled in primary and secondary public schools of Olinda, Pernambuco, in 2014. Information was obtained through self-administered questionnaires (validated version of YRBS 2007). Cigarette experimentation was defined as smoking at least once in life. Adolescents who smoked at least one day within 30 days prior to the survey were considered current smokers. Most students were female and 16 years old or older. RESULTS: Almost 30% used it in life and about 10% smoked within the 30 days before the survey. Suicidal ideation (PR = 1.51, 95%CI 1.25–1.82), alcohol use (PR = 1.41, 95%CI 1.03–1.92), marijuana (PR = 1.64, 95%CI 1.37–1.96), excessive alcohol consumption (PR = 1.57, 95%CI 1.15–2.16) and sexual experience (PR = 1.78, 95%CI 1.43–2.21) have increased the risk of using cigarettes. Feelings of sadness (PR = 1.70, 95%CI 1.22–2.36), alcohol use (PR=2.40, 95%CI 1.12–5.12), excessive alcohol consumption (PR = 2.5, 95% CI 1.24–5.38), marijuana (PR = 2.31, 95%CI.57–3.39) and cocaine (PR = 1.99, 95%CI.32–3.01) increased the risk of cigarette use within the 30 days before the survey. CONCLUSIONS: Cigarette use among adolescents from Olinda was high, being considered higher than the national prevalence. Possible factors associated with cigarette use were drug use (alcohol, marijuana, and cocaine) and behaviors related to sexual experience, feelings of sadness and suicidal ideation.
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Martino, Steven C., Rebecca L. Collins, and Phyllis L. Ellickson. "Substance Use and Vulnerability to Sexual and Physical Aggression: A Longitudinal Study of Young Adults." Violence and Victims 19, no. 5 (2004): 521–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/vivi.19.5.521.63684.
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Using data from 2,170 individuals who participated in Waves 8 (age 23) and 9 (age 29) of a multiyear panel study, this study examined whether alcohol and marijuana use in young adulthood increase one’s risk for experiencing subsequent sexual or physical assault victimization, whether victims’ own violent behavior or involvement in the sale of drugs explain any effects of substance use on victimization, and whether these associations differ by gender. Controlling for prior victimization, we found that marijuana use, but not alcohol use, predicted women’s and men’s subsequent sexual victimization and men’s subsequent physical assault victimization, and that heavy alcohol use, but not marijuana use, predicted women’s subsequent physical assault victimization. Whereas the links from marijuana use to victimization were explained by users’ own violent behavior, the link from alcohol use to women’s physical assault victimization was not.
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Yang, Jack, Maria C. Mejia, Lea Sacca, Charles H. Hennekens, and Panagiota Kitsantas. "Trends in Marijuana Use among Adolescents in the United States." Pediatric Reports 16, no. 4 (2024): 872–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pediatric16040074.
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Background: Marijuana is a widely used substance in the United States (US) and worldwide. We explored trends in self-reported marijuana use among US adolescents overall as well as by gender, race/ethnicity, and school grade. Methods: Biennial data from the Youth Risk Behavior Survey from 2011 to 2021 included 88,183 adolescents in grades 9th through 12th. We used percentage change as a measure of effect and the chi-square test for significance. All analyses were conducted at the national level. Results: The percentage of adolescents who reported current marijuana use dropped significantly from 23.1% in 2011 to 15.8% in 2021 (p < 0.05). The self-report of trying marijuana for the first time before age 13 also decreased significantly from 8.1% in 2011 to 4.9% in 2021 (p < 0.05). For current use, there were similar significant decreases by race/ethnicity, with Asian, Hispanic, and White adolescents experiencing the steepest declines. In 2021, the percentage of Black adolescents self-reporting marijuana use was significantly higher (20.5%) compared to White (14.8%), Hispanic (16.7%), and Asian (5.1%) adolescents. Although current marijuana use declined significantly for both girls and boys over time, in 2021 girls were more likely (17.8%) to currently use marijuana than boys (13.6%). In 2011, the opposite was true, with boys (25.9%) being more likely to use marijuana than girls (20.1%). Conclusions: In US adolescents in 2021, there were decreases in self-reports of marijuana use compared to 2011. Behavioral interventions within school and family environments may be critical in mitigating the risk of marijuana use.
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Jovancevic, Bojana, Ivana Radic, and Snezana Ukropina. "Peer influence on marijuana use among adolescents in Novi Sad." Medical review 75, no. 5-6 (2022): 182–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/mpns2206182j.
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Introduction. Cannabis use in adolescence has a major impact on the individual, family and community, whereas the effects are cumulative and contribute to social, physical and mental problems. Socializing with peers who use psychoactive substances can significantly increase the likelihood of adolescent cannabis use. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of cannabis use among adolescents in Novi Sad, as well as the differences in prevalence depending on the risky behavior of their friends depending on the relationships between them. Material and Methods. The research was conducted as a cross-sectional study in 2017 and included 1,067 first-grade students from 19 high schools in Novi Sad. The research instrument was a questionnaire of the European School Survey Project on Alcohol and Other Drugs. Results. The prevalence of marijuana abuse in Novi Sad was 12% and it was twice higher among students from the city (13.1%) or suburban areas (13.6%) than in students from villages (5.8%) (p < 0.05). Marijuana use was significantly more prevalent among students whose most/all friends smoked (23.1%) than among those whose friends did not smoke (10.1%) or only a few smoked (5.5%) (p < 0.001). Respondents whose friends use alcohol were significantly more likely to use marijuana (15.2%) than those who have only a few such friends (6.4%) or none (10.5%) (p < 0.001). More than half of students whose friends use marijuana have tried it (54%), while among those who do not have such friends, only 3% have used marijuana (p < 0.001). Conclusion. The prevalence of marijuana use in adolescents in Novi Sad is high. Peer risk behaviors influence adolescent cannabis use.
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Maltoni, Juliana, Rafael Corrêa, Margarida Gaspar de Matos, and Carmem Beatriz Neufeld. "Depressive symptoms and alcohol and marijuana use among adolescents." Psico-USF 28, no. 3 (2023): 449–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1413-82712023280303.
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Abstract Risk behaviors are common in adolescence and demonstrates an association with depressive symptoms. Considering the psychological health implications of this phase in adult life, the aim of this study was to verify associations between depressive symptoms and consumption of alcohol and marijuana, self-injurious behavior, health self-perception, life satisfaction, anxiety symptoms and suicidal ideation in adolescents. A total of 298 adolescents, aged 12 to 14 years (61.1% girls), participated in the study. The measures were the translated Health Behavior in School-aged Children questionnaire (HBSC - BR) and the Children’s Depression Inventory (CDI). The chi-square test, student’s t test and binomial logistic regression (p<0.05) were used. Depressive symptoms were associated with anxiety symptoms and self-injury. Higher risk for alcohol use and consumption, self-injury, negative health self-perception, anxiety and depression related to females. The findings of this population suggest worrying health outcomes, especially for girl.
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Curran, Kelly A., Thad Burk, Paulette D. Pitt, and Amy B. Middleman. "Trends and Substance Use Associations With E-Cigarette Use in US Adolescents." Clinical Pediatrics 57, no. 10 (2018): 1191–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0009922818769405.
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Concerns exist that e-cigarette use may introduce adolescents to drugs. This study explores trends and associations of inhaled tobacco use with drug use. We performed a secondary data analysis on the National Youth Risk Behavior Survey examining the inhaled tobacco and drug use patterns among US teens. Adjusted odds ratios were calculated using bivariate and multivariate analyses between inhaled tobacco use with other drug use, adjusting for age, race/ethnicity, and gender. When adjusting for gender, age, and race/ethnicity, teens who use only e-cigarettes had a higher odds than peers who do not use any inhaled tobacco products to have ever tried marijuana or alcohol, currently use marijuana or alcohol, have lifetime drug use, and misused prescription medications. Drug risk behavior appears stratified with type of inhaled tobacco used, with generally exclusive e-cigarette use linked to lowest risk and conventional and e-cigarette use associated with highest risk of drug use.
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Azagba, Sunday, Lingpeng Shan, and Keely Latham. "A Trend Analysis of Age of First Marijuana Use Among High School Students in the United States From 1991 to 2017." Health Education & Behavior 47, no. 2 (2019): 302–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1090198119889652.
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Background. Marijuana is the most commonly used illicit drug in the United States. There has been a rapidly changing marijuana policy environment and increased acceptability related to marijuana in the United States. How the changing environment will potentially influence adolescents age of initiation remains unknown. While much of extant literature has primarily focused on current marijuana use, less is known about age of first use. This study examined trends in adolescents’ age of first marijuana use in the United States. Method. Data were drawn from the 1991 to 2017 Youth Risk Behavior Survey. We used linear regression for age of first use as a continuous variable, and logistic regression for marijuana use before the age of 15 years as a dichotomous variable. Joinpoint regression analysis identified where significant changes in trend occurred. Results. Results showed that the mean age of first marijuana use increased significantly between 1991 and 2017. Males had a younger age of first use than females. Between 1991 and 1997, there was an increasing trend in the prevalence of marijuana use before the age of 15 years in all adolescents and in subgroups for males, females, all races, and 9th and 10th grades. After 1997, a significant downward trend was found in all adolescents. Conclusions. Our results do not indicate an overall decreasing trend of age of first use among the general adolescent population. Results show a downward trend in the use of marijuana before the age of 15 years since 1997.
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Huibregtse, Brooke M., Robin P. Corley, Sally J. Wadsworth, Joanna M. Vandever, John C. DeFries, and Michael C. Stallings. "A Longitudinal Adoption Study of Substance Use Behavior in Adolescence." Twin Research and Human Genetics 19, no. 4 (2016): 330–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/thg.2016.35.
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Although cross-sectional twin studies have assessed the genetic and environmental etiologies of substance use during adolescence and early adulthood, comparisons of results across different samples, measures, and cohorts are problematic. While several longitudinal twin studies have investigated these issues, few corroborating adoption studies have been conducted. The current study is the first to estimate the magnitude of genetic, shared environmental, and non-shared environmental influences on substance use (cigarettes, alcohol, and marijuana) from ages 14 to 18 years, using a prospective longitudinal adoption design. Adoptive and control sibling correlations provided substantial evidence for early genetic effects on cigarette, alcohol, and marijuana use/no use. Shared environmental effects were relatively modest, except for alcohol use, which showed increases in late adolescence (age 17 to 18 years). Sibling similarity for quantity/frequency of use also support additive genetic influences across adolescence, with some shared environmental influences for all three substances. To test the stability of these influences across time, a series of independent pathway models were run to explore common and age-specific influences. For all substances, there were minimal age-specific additive genetic and shared environmental influences on quantity/frequency of use. Further, there was a trend toward increasing genetic influences on cigarette and alcohol use across ages. Genetic influences on marijuana were important early, but did not contribute substantially at age 17 and 18 years. Overall, the findings indicate that genetic influences make important contributions to the frequency/quantity of substance use in adolescence, and suggest that new genetic influences may emerge in late adolescence for cigarette and alcohol use.
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Harper, Gary W., Jonathan Davidson, and Sybil G. Hosek. "Influence of Gang Membership on Negative Affect, Substance Use, and Antisocial Behavior Among Homeless African American Male Youth." American Journal of Men's Health 2, no. 3 (2008): 229–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1557988307312555.
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The current study examined differences between gang-involved and non-gang-involved homeless African American male youth with regard to negative affect, substance use, and antisocial/violent behavior. A total of 69 homeless African American young men were recruited from community agencies and completed structured face-to-face interviews. Overall, gang members reported higher rates of negative mental and physical health outcomes than did non-gang members, with current gang members reporting higher levels of depression and anxiety, greater levels of antisocial and violent behavior, and higher levels of lifetime alcohol and marijuana use. Multiple linear regression analyses revealed that greater levels of gang involvement were associated with more frequent lifetime use of alcohol and marijuana and higher levels of participation in violent behaviors. Implications of these findings for interventions with homeless African American male youth and future research directions are discussed.
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Vaske, Jamie, Jamie Newsome, and John Paul Wright. "Interaction of serotonin transporter linked polymorphic region and childhood neglect on criminal behavior and substance use for males and females." Development and Psychopathology 24, no. 1 (2012): 181–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579411000769.
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AbstractChildhood neglect has been cited as a risk factor for later substance abuse and criminal behavior. However, a large body of literature shows that a substantial percentage of neglected and abused individuals do not go on to abuse substances or engage in criminal behavior. The current study investigates whether a genetic variant (serotonin transporter linked polymorphic region [5-HTTLPR]) in the 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HTT) gene moderates the effect of childhood neglect on alcohol use problems, marijuana use, and criminal behavior. Data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health shows that 5-HTTLPR conditions the effect of neglect on marijuana use for females, but not for males. Findings also reveal a significant gene–environment correlation between 5-HTTLPR and neglect for females only. These results suggest that 5-HTTLPR is associated with an increased risk of neglect for females, and it also increases neglected females’ risk of abusing marijuana.
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Kaljee, Linda, Bo Wang, Lynette Deveaux, et al. "Cross-sectional data on alcohol and marijuana use and sexual behavior among male and female secondary school students in New Providence, The Bahamas." International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health 28, no. 2 (2016): 133–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijamh-2014-0079.
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Abstract Background: While The Bahamas have significantly reduced poor reproductive health outcomes among adolescents and emerging adults, data indicate that youth are engaged in sexual risk behaviors. Substance use has been linked to increased risk for HIV and sexually transmitted infections in other contexts. There are limited data on Bahamian youth in relation to consumption of alcohol and marijuana use and engagement in sexual behaviors. Objective: This study aimed to assess potential relationships between alcohol and marijuana use and engagement in sexual behavior among government secondary school students in New Providence, The Bahamas. Materials and methods: Total sample size was 2572, and about 56% of respondents were female. Mean age was 14.2 (SD 2.7 years). Cross-sectional data came from a baseline survey conducted as part of a longitudinal randomized controlled evaluation of a school-based HIV prevention and reproductive health program in New Providence. Results: Overall, 46.5% (519) males and 44.8% (652) females reported alcohol consumption; 7.3% (82) males and 1.7% (25) females reported use of marijuana in the last 6 months. About 43% (477) male respondents and 16% (231) female respondents reported ever having vaginal sex. Logistic regression analysis indicates that increased likelihood of engaging in sex during the past 6 months is associated with being older, male, and consuming alcohol and marijuana. Conclusion: These data provide a ‘global correlation’ between substance use and engagement in sexual behaviors among Bahamian adolescents. Longitudinal research is needed to assess event specific risks and identify mediating and moderating factors. These findings indicate the importance of integrating reproductive health and substance use education.
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Simcha-Fagan, Ora, Joanne C. Gersten, and Thomas S. Langner. "Early Precursors and Concurrent Correlates of Patterns of Illicit Drug Use in Adolescence." Journal of Drug Issues 16, no. 1 (1986): 7–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002204268601600102.
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This study examines social, familial and child behavior antecedents of adolescent illicit drug use. The sample studied is a subsample of a follow-up sample of Manhattan children, whose mothers were interviewed at two points in time, with a 5 year interval. The subsample constitutes those study children age 14 to 22 at Time II, who were interviewed directly 6 months following the second interview with the mother. The findings indicate that early predictors have a significant and substantial influence on later illicit drug use. Importantly, differential patterns of illicit drug use exhibit relatively distinct antecedents. The use of marijuana-only is related to socioeconomic background and early child behaviors; the use of drugs other than marijuana is related to parental-marital behaviors, the quality of the bond between parents and children and early adjustment problems (with peers and at home); heroin use is strongly associated with parental-marital behaviors indicative of familial disorganization and parental antisocial behaviors.
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García-Pérez, Hilda, Stephen S. Kulis, Flavio F. Marsiglia, and Paul A. Estabrooks. "Urban Violence, Migration and Alcohol, Tobacco, and Marijuana Use among Transnational Students in Northern Mexico." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 21, no. 1 (2023): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21010043.
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This article reports on the findings of a study of the relationship between transnational experiences in the United States (US) and the use of alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana among 7th grade students (n = 1418). The study was guided by a cross-national framework for research on immigrant health and assessed the accumulation of risk factors for transnational adolescents. Data came from a survey conducted in 2017 in Nogales, Mexico. In this study, the last 30-day prevalence of use of alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana among students was 21.7%, 8.3%, and 2.4%, respectively. Most students were born in Nogales (69.6%), while 10.5% were born in the US, 7.5% attended school in the US, and 3.6% engaged in health-related risk behaviors while living in or visiting the US. Students with transnational experiences, such as attending school in the US, reported the highest 30-day prevalence of tobacco (13.3%) and marijuana (9.5%) use. After adjusting for family, school, access to substances and neighborhood violence variables, students who engaged in health-related risk behavior in the US had significantly increased odds of alcohol and marijuana use while later attending school in Mexico. The article discusses the findings from a prevention science perspective and provides implications for policy, practice, and future research on the Mexico-US border region.
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Al Rifai, Mahmoud, Mohammadhassan Mirbolouk, Xiaoming Jia, et al. "E-cigarette Use and Risk Behaviors among Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Adults: The Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) Survey." Kansas Journal of Medicine 13 (December 11, 2020): 318–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.17161/kjm.vol13.13861.
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Introduction: We studied prevalence of e-cigarette use among lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) individuals and its association with risk behaviors. Methods: Using data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) survey, we assessed self-reported sexual orientation, e-cigarette use, cigarettes, marijuana, smokeless tobacco, and high-risk behavior (using non-prescribed drugs, treatment for sexually transmitted disease, or receiving monetary or drug compensation in exchange for sex in the previous year). We used multivariable-adjusted logistic regression models to study the association between LGBT and risk behaviors. Results: Prevalence of e-cigarette use among LGBT adults was 13%, nearly twice that of heterosexual adults. LGBT were more likely [Odds Ratio (95% Confidence Interval)] to report current use of e-cigarettes 1.84 (1.64,2.06), cigarettes 1.61 (1.49,1.73), marijuana 2.37 (1.99,2.82), and high-risk behavior 3.69 (3.40,4.01) compared to heterosexual adults. Results for smokeless tobacco were not significant. Conclusion: There are disparities in e-cigarette and other risk behaviors among LGBT adults, which may increase risk of adverse health effects in this vulnerable population.
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Azimi, Andia M., and Eric J. Connolly. "Child Maltreatment and Substance Use: A Behavior Genetic Analysis." Child Maltreatment 27, no. 2 (2022): 279–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/10775595211064207.
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Child maltreatment is a pervasive social problem often perpetuated by family members and is related to a wide array of negative life outcomes. Although substance use is an outcome commonly associated with experiences of child maltreatment, not all individuals who experience maltreatment struggle with such issues. Many individuals can positively adapt to experiences of maltreatment based on levels of resilience and susceptibility. Research suggests that genetic differences may partly explain why negative outcomes develop for some, but not for others. Few studies have examined the extent to which genetic and environmental factors influence the longitudinal association between child maltreatment and varying forms of substance use, leaving a fundamental gap in our current understanding of this association. The current study aims to address this gap by analyzing a sample of twins from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health). Findings from a series of univariate and bivariate biometric models reveal that the longitudinal associations between maltreatment, cigarette use, and marijuana use are accounted for by additive genetic and nonshared environmental factors. Moreover, the magnitude of the contribution varies across unique subgroups of cigarette and marijuana use. Directions for future research and theoretical implications are discussed.
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Huang, David Y. C., H. Isabella Lanza, Debra A. Murphy, and Yih-Ing Hser. "Parallel development of risk behaviors in adolescence: Potential pathways to co-occurrence." International Journal of Behavioral Development 36, no. 4 (2012): 247–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0165025412442870.
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This study used data from 5,382 adolescents from the 1997 United States (US) National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY97) to investigate developmental pathways of alcohol use, marijuana use, sexual risk behaviors, and delinquency across ages 14 to 20; examine interrelationships among these risk behaviors across adolescence; and evaluate association between risk behavior trajectories and depressive symptoms in adolescence. Group-based dual trajectory modeling, examining trajectories of two outcomes over time, revealed strong interrelationships among developmental trajectories of the four risk behaviors, and indicated potential pathways to co-occurring risk behaviors. Adolescents with higher levels of alcohol use or marijuana use were more likely to engage in higher levels of early sexual risk-taking and delinquency. Moreover, adolescents involved in higher levels of delinquency were at higher risk for engaging in early sexual risk-taking. Also, belonging to the highest risk trajectory of any of the four risk behaviors was positively associated with depressive symptoms in adolescence.
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Negriff, Sonya, Bistra Dilkina, Laksh Matai, and Eric Rice. "Using machine learning to determine the shared and unique risk factors for marijuana use among child-welfare versus community adolescents." PLOS ONE 17, no. 9 (2022): e0274998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0274998.
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Objective This study used machine learning (ML) to test an empirically derived set of risk factors for marijuana use. Models were built separately for child welfare (CW) and non-CW adolescents in order to compare the variables selected as important features/risk factors. Method Data were from a Time 4 (Mage = 18.22) of longitudinal study of the effects of maltreatment on adolescent development (n = 350; CW = 222; non-CW = 128; 56%male). Marijuana use in the past 12 months (none versus any) was obtained from a single item self-report. Risk factors entered into the model included mental health, parent/family social support, peer risk behavior, self-reported risk behavior, self-esteem, and self-reported adversities (e.g., abuse, neglect, witnessing family violence or community violence). Results The ML approaches indicated 80% accuracy in predicting marijuana use in the CW group and 85% accuracy in the non-CW group. In addition, the top features differed for the CW and non-CW groups with peer marijuana use emerging as the most important risk factor for CW youth, whereas externalizing behavior was the most important for the non-CW group. The most important common risk factor between group was gender, with males having higher risk. Conclusions This is the first study to examine the shared and unique risk factors for marijuana use for CW and non-CW youth using a machine learning approach. The results support our assertion that there may be similar risk factors for both groups, but there are also risks unique to each population. Therefore, risk factors derived from normative populations may not have the same importance when used for CW youth. These differences should be considered in clinical practice when assessing risk for substance use among adolescents.
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Gray, Nancy L. "The Relationship of Cigarette Smoking and other Substance Use among College Students." Journal of Drug Education 23, no. 1 (1993): 117–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/7w66-52x5-ly0b-ae6r.
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A questionnaire relating to cigarette smoking behavior and use of other substances was administered to 863 college students in the state of Oregon. Results indicated that there was not a significant difference between cigarette smokers and non-smokers with regard to use of smokeless tobacco, alcohol consumption, or marijuana use. There was, however, a significant difference in the use of other illicit substances when comparing cigarette smokers and non-smokers. Cigarette smokers were much more likely to use illicit substances on an occasional or regular basis than were non-smokers. Smokeless tobacco users who indicated that they consumed alcohol and used marijuana and other illicit substances were more likely to consume more alcohol on a weekly basis than non-users. They were also more likely to use marijuana and other illicit substances on an occasional and regular basis.
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Burdzovic Andreas, J., and M. W. Watson. "Interaction between personality, family, and neighborhood factors in substance use initiation among adolescents." European Psychiatry 26, S2 (2011): 517. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(11)72224-6.
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AimsThis project investigated longitudinal predictors of smoking, drinking and marijuana use initiation among adolescents.MethodA community-representative sample of 440 mother-child dyads with equal gender, SES, and ethnic representation was assessed 4 times covering the span of more than 6 years.Children's reports of age of first smoke, drink and marijuana use were collected as part of the Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS) at T3.Child-level predictors at T1 included child gender, race, and sensation seeking personality. Family-level predictors at T1 included maternal education, family income, and children's self-reports about exposure to home violence. Information regarding presence of drugs and gangs in schools/neighborhoods were collected from mothers and children at T1 and combined into a single measure.To examine the timing of events - specifically, the time when children started smoking, drinking and using marijuana as a function of the above T1 predictors - three separate survival models were estimated using the Cox proportional hazards model.ResultsControlling for all other predictors, the sensation-seeking temperament and neighborhood quality remained significant predictors of substance use initiation among adolescents across all three substances, such that children initiated these behaviors sooner if they were high sensation-seekers or came form dysfunctional neighborhoods. Significant person X environment interactions were also evident for smoking and marijuana use, such that neighborhood and family risks were especially potent risks among children with high sensation seeking temperaments. These results point to the importance of broader contextual influences on the negative outcomes such as substance use during adolescence.
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Lee, Heeyoung, Kyeongra Yang, Joshua Palmer, Brayden Kameg, Lin Clark, and Brian Greene. "Substance Use Patterns Among Adolescents: A Latent Class Analysis." Journal of the American Psychiatric Nurses Association 26, no. 6 (2019): 586–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1078390319858658.
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BACKGROUND: Substance use among adolescents remains a major public health concern, which is correlated with mortality. AIMS: The purpose of this study was to (1) examine risk factors predisposing adolescents to substance use and (2) identify patterns of simultaneous drug exploration among adolescents. METHOD: Data ( N = 15,624; collected in 2015) were drawn from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Youth Risk Behavior Survey, which is a national school-based survey of 9th- to 12th-grade students to monitor health risk behaviors. Substance use was assessed using self-reported questionnaires, and latent class analysis and logistic regression were used for data analysis. RESULTS: Five latent patterns of substance use were identified: (1) abstinent (64%); (2) 1st-step social experimenter (25%) (i.e., used alcohol, e-cigarettes, and/or marijuana); (3) 2nd-step social experimenter (6%) (i.e., used alcohol, cigarettes, e-cigarettes, marijuana, synthetic marijuana, and/or prescription pills); (4) pill experimenter (4%), (i.e., used prescription pills); (5) full experimenter (2%) (i.e., likely to use all assessed substances). Gender, race, grade, and depressive mood were strong predictors of membership in a particular substance use class. CONCLUSION: Adolescents presenting for care may possess symptoms associated with various substances beyond those being managed. Mental health nurses can leverage these results in reducing adolescent substance use through primary and secondary prevention. A longitudinal study of not only substance use patterns but also the progression to substance use disorders among adolescents is warranted.
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Friedman, Alfred S., Arlene Terras, and Kimberly Glassman. "The Differential Disinhibition Effect of Marijuana Use on Violent Behavior." Journal of Addictive Diseases 22, no. 3 (2003): 63–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j069v22n03_06.
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BROOK, JUDITH S., DAVID W. BROOK, ZOHN ROSEN, and CAITILIN R. RABBITT. "Earlier Marijuana Use and Later Problem Behavior in Colombian Youths." Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 42, no. 4 (2003): 485–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.chi.0000037050.04952.49.
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Beauvais, Fred, and E. R. Oetting. "Drug Use in an Alternative High School." Journal of Drug Education 16, no. 1 (1986): 43–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/npkn-6q2v-ffyp-ukbk.
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The drug involvement of students in an alternative high school is reported. Students include those transferred for behavior problems or dropouts returning to complete school. Drug use rates are exceptionally high, with significantly higher lifetime prevalence for nearly every drug. Current use of drugs is also very high, and 70 percent are in the two most serious adolescent drug use types; about a third are polydrug users, currently using at least two drugs with different psychoactive effects, and another third are stimulant users, taking marijuana, uppers, and/or cocaine. Only alcohol and marijuana were started earlier than other students–these students started both in early junior high. These extreme levels of involvement suggest further assessment of alternative schools and, if generalizability is confirmed, focusing of prevention and treatment programs on these high risk environments.
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Kort-Butler, Lisa A. "Health-Related Strains and Subsequent Delinquency and Marijuana Use." Youth & Society 49, no. 8 (2015): 1077–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0044118x15578436.
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General strain theory provides one framework for explaining the relationship between physical health and delinquency, pointing to mechanisms such as negative emotions, social bonds, and stress proliferation. Data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health were used to examine these hypothetical mediators. Controlling for demographic factors, prior illicit behavior, and other strains, results from a series of regressions indicated that health-related strain (HRS) was positively associated with subsequent delinquency and marijuana use. Stressors at school were the primary mediators of these effects. Absences from school and social life due to health problems exerted an independent effect. The results lend support to the idea that experiencing HRS contributes to the proliferation of stress in other life domains, increasing the likelihood of delinquency and marijuana use.
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Choi, Jeeyae, Joohyun Chung, and Jeungok Choi. "Exploring Impact of Marijuana (Cannabis) Abuse on Adults Using Machine Learning." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 19 (2021): 10357. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph181910357.
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Marijuana is the most common illicit substance globally. The rate of marijuana use is increasing in young adults in the US. The current environment of legalizing marijuana use is further contributing to an increase of users. The purpose of this study was to explore the characteristics of adults who abuse marijuana (20–49 years old) and analyze behavior and social relation variables related to depression and suicide risk using machine-learning algorithms. A total of 698 participants were identified from the 2019 National Survey on Drug Use and Health survey as marijuana dependent in the previous year. Principal Component Analysis and Chi-square were used to select features (variables) and mean imputation method was applied for missing data. Logistic regression, Random Forest, and K-Nearest Neighbor machine-learning algorithms were used to build depression and suicide risk prediction models. The results showed unique characteristics of the group and well-performing prediction models with influential risk variables. Identified risk variables were aligned with previous studies and suggested the development of marijuana abuse prevention programs targeting 20–29 year olds with a regular depression and suicide screening. Further study is suggested for identifying specific barriers to receiving timely treatment for depression and suicide risk.
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Fulcher, Jennifer A., Shehnaz K. Hussain, Ryan Cook, et al. "Effects of Substance Use and Sex Practices on the Intestinal Microbiome During HIV-1 Infection." Journal of Infectious Diseases 218, no. 10 (2018): 1560–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiy349.
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AbstractBackgroundHuman immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection alters the human intestinal microbiome; however, behavioral factors driving these changes remain poorly defined. Here we examine the effects of substance use and sex behavior on the microbiome during HIV-1 infection.MethodsArchival rectal swab specimens, urine drug test results, and responses to substance use and sex behavior questionnaires were obtained from 37 HIV-positive participants at 2 time points, separated by 6 months, in a cohort examining the effects of substance use in men who have sex with men (MSM). Microbiome profiling was performed using 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing, and associations with behavioral factors were examined using 0-inflated negative binomial regression. Further analysis of selected variables of interest was performed using propensity scores to account for multiple confounders.ResultsUsing permutational multivariate analysis of variance, we found that receptive anal intercourse, methamphetamine use, and marijuana use were among the most important drivers of microbiome variation. Propensity score–adjusted analyses revealed that methamphetamine use and marijuana use displayed unique associations; methamphetamine use was associated with an increased abundance of Porphyromonas and Granulicatella organisms and a decreased abundance of Ruminococcus, Collinsella, and Parabacteroides organisms, whereas marijuana use was associated with an increased abundance of Ruminococcus, Clostridium cluster IV, Solobacterium, and Fusobacterium organisms and a decreased abundance of Acidaminococcus, Prevotella, Dialister, Anaerostipes, and Dorea organisms.ConclusionsDrug use and sex behavior are important factors associated with intestinal dysbiosis during chronic HIV-1 infection among young MSM.
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Register, Charles A., and Donald R. Williams. "Labor Market Effects of Marijuana and Cocaine Use among Young Men." ILR Review 45, no. 3 (1992): 435–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001979399204500302.
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Using data on marijuana and cocaine use from the 1984 National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, the authors examine the hypothesis that drug use reduces labor market productivity, as measured by wages. From an analysis that controls for the probability of employment and the endogeneity of drug use, they find that although long-term and on-the-job use of marijuana negatively affected wages, the net productivity effect for all marijuana users (both those who engaged in long-term or on-the-job use and those who did not) was positive. No statistically significant association was found between cocaine use and productivity.
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Nardi, Fernanda Lüdke, Silvia Mendes da Cunha, Lisiane Bizarro, and Débora Dalbosco Dell'Aglio. "Drug use and antisocial behavior among adolescents attending public schools in Brazil." Trends in Psychiatry and Psychotherapy 34, no. 2 (2012): 80–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s2237-60892012000200006.
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INTRODUCTION: Drug use is a social and a public health problem that has been related with antisocial behavior. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between drug use and antisocial behavior among adolescents attending public schools in Brazil. METHOD: A total of 7,176 adolescents from low-income neighborhoods and public schools aged 14 to 19 years were assessed in five geographical regions in Brazil. Data on biosociodemographic characteristics and on drug use and antisocial behavior were assessed from complete answers to a national survey on risk and protective factors among adolescents. RESULTS: Over 80% of the adolescents who used alcohol and cigarettes were between 14 and 17 years old. The percentage of participants with antisocial behaviors was significantly higher among users of marijuana, cocaine, or crack than among adolescents who were not drug users. CONCLUSIONS: Prevention programs aimed at reducing substance use might help to decrease antisocial behaviors.
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Noh-Moo, Pedro Moisés, Manuel Antonio López-Cisneros, Lubia del Carmen Castillo-Arcos, Sylvia Claudine Ramírez-Sánchez, Jesica Guadalupe Ahumada-Cortez, and Miguel Ángel Villegas-Pantoja. "Consumo de marihuana y violencia filioparental en adolescentes." Revista Internacional de Investigación en Adicciones 9, no. 2 (2023): 206–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.28931/riiad.2023.2.09.
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Introduction: marijuana use has repercussions among members of the family nucleus; it is related to child-to-parent violence due to the neurological and behavioral effects that it originates in the adolescent, which can trigger violent behavior of sons and daughters towards the father and mother. Objective: to analyze the relationship between marijuana consumption and child-to-parent violence in high school adolescents. Method: correlational study in 318 high school adolescents of both sexes, between 14 and 19 years old. The instruments used were a Sociodemographic File and the Conflict Tactics Scale (CTS2), programmed on the Microsoft Forms platform. Results: there is a positive relationship between marijuana use and verbal and economic violence towards both parents (p () .05). The Multiple Linear Regression Model, it was significant (p () .05) on the verbal and economic violence towards both parents. Discussion and conclusions: marijuana consumption in adolescence is a risk to the health of adolescents and family parents. It is proposed to design early care strategies in the family core, with emphasis on the prevention of marijuana use or misuse and the different types of child-to-parent violence.
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Yzer, Marco C., Joseph N. Cappella, Martin Fishbein, Robert Hornik, Sarah Sayeed, and R. Kirkland Ahern. "The Role of Distal Variables in Behavior Change: Effects of Adolescents' Risk for Marijuana Use on Intention to Use Marijuana1." Journal of Applied Social Psychology 34, no. 6 (2004): 1229–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.2004.tb02005.x.
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Sharp, Erin Hiley, Donna L. Coffman, Linda L. Caldwell, et al. "Predicting substance use behavior among South African adolescents: The role of leisure experiences across time." International Journal of Behavioral Development 35, no. 4 (2011): 343–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0165025411404494.
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Using seven waves of data, collected twice a year from the 8th through the 11th grades in a low-resource community in Cape Town, South Africa, we aimed to describe the developmental trends in three specific leisure experiences (leisure boredom, new leisure interests, and healthy leisure) and substance use (cigarettes, alcohol, and marijuana) behaviors and to investigate the ways in which changes in leisure experiences predict changes in substance use behaviors over time. Results indicated that adolescents’ substance use increased significantly across adolescence, but that leisure experiences remained fairly stable over time. We also found that adolescent leisure experiences predicted baseline substance use and that changes in leisure experiences predicted changes in substance use behaviors over time, with leisure boredom emerging as the most consistent and strongest predictor of alcohol, cigarette, and marijuana use. Implications for interventions that target time use and leisure experiences are discussed.
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Boisvert, Danielle L., Eric J. Connolly, Jamie C. Vaske, Todd A. Armstrong, and Brian B. Boutwell. "Genetic and Environmental Overlap Between Substance Use and Delinquency in Adolescence: An Analysis by Same-Sex Twins." Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice 17, no. 2 (2018): 154–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1541204018756469.
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During adolescence, many teens begin to experiment with substances and engage in delinquent behavior. The current study seeks to examine whether and to what extent genetic and environmental factors contribute to the association between substance use (i.e., marijuana and alcohol) and different forms of delinquent offending (i.e., violent and nonviolent) across males and females. Analyses were based on same-sex twins ( N = 1,072) from the sibling subsample of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health). The results revealed moderate to large genetic overlap between substance use and delinquent behavior for males. Much of the covariation between alcohol use and offending behavior for females was attributable to common environmental factors, while common genetic factors explained a large portion of the overlap between marijuana use and offending in males and females. The implications of these findings for sex differences in prevention and intervention efforts are discussed from a biosocial perspective.