Relevant bibliographies by topics / Marikana (Rustenburg, South Africa)

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Marikana (Rustenburg, South Africa)'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Marikana (Rustenburg, South Africa)"

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Kaonga, Brighton, and Nnenesi A. Kgabi. "Investigation into presence of atmospheric particulate matter in Marikana, mining area in Rustenburg Town, South Africa." Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 178, no. 1-4 (September 24, 2010): 213–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10661-010-1683-1.

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Frenkel, Ronit, and Pamila Gupta. "Yo-yo culture: thinking South Africa after Marikana." Social Dynamics 45, no. 2 (May 4, 2019): 175–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02533952.2019.1619261.

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Kgabi, Nnenesi. "Composition of Inhalable Atmospheric Particulates in Rustenburg, South Africa." British Journal of Environment and Climate Change 2, no. 1 (January 10, 2012): 58–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/bjecc/2012/833.

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Ogunbanjo, Gboyega A., and Ian Couper. "The Rustenburg Resolution: Inequality in Health Care in South Africa." South African Family Practice 50, no. 5 (September 2008): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/20786204.2008.10873759.

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Mudau, N., P. Mhangara, and M. Gebreslasie. "Monitoring urban growth around Rustenburg, South Africa, using SPOT 5." South African Journal of Geomatics 3, no. 2 (August 27, 2014): 185. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/sajg.v3i2.5.

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Ngcobo, Humphrey Siphiwe B., Stephen D. Edwards, and David J. Edwards. "The Marikana Violence in South Africa: A Brief Psychodynamic Extrapolation." Journal of Psychology in Africa 23, no. 2 (January 2013): 345–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14330237.2013.10820634.

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Kumalo, Ambassador Dumisani S. "On African cohesion and international cohesion." Regions and Cohesion 2, no. 2 (June 1, 2012): 105–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/reco.2012.020206.

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Magaziner, Daniel, and Sean Jacobs. "Notes from Marikana, South Africa: The Platinum Miners’ Strike, the Massacre, and the Struggle for Equivalence." International Labor and Working-Class History 83 (2013): 137–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0147547913000112.

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AbstractThis note reflects on the August 2012 miners' strike at Marikana, South Africa in light of a century long history of violence associated with worker actions in that country and elsewhere in the Global South. It suggests that the breakaway union's allegedly ‘illegal’ strike fits within a long tradition of radical worker activism in South Africa, which is best understood in light of anticolonial efforts to short-circuit the chronologies of imperial power. The Marikana strike, like anticolonial rebellions during the early twentieth century and, critically, white worker struggles following First World War, was an effort to speed up the process by which the value of workers’ lives and labor might be made equivalent to those in power.
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Chiloane, Kgaugelo Euphinia, Johan Paul Beukes, Pieter Gideon van Zyl, Petra Maritz, Ville Vakkari, Miroslav Josipovic, Andrew Derick Venter, et al. "Spatial, temporal and source contribution assessments of black carbon over the northern interior of South Africa." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 17, no. 10 (May 19, 2017): 6177–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-6177-2017.

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Abstract. After carbon dioxide (CO2), aerosol black carbon (BC) is considered to be the second most important contributor to global warming. This paper presents equivalent black carbon (eBC) (derived from an optical absorption method) data collected from three sites in the interior of South Africa where continuous measurements were conducted, i.e. Elandsfontein, Welgegund and Marikana, as well elemental carbon (EC) (determined by evolved carbon method) data at five sites where samples were collected once a month on a filter and analysed offline, i.e. Louis Trichardt, Skukuza, Vaal Triangle, Amersfoort and Botsalano.Analyses of eBC and EC spatial mass concentration patterns across the eight sites indicate that the mass concentrations in the South African interior are in general higher than what has been reported for the developed world and that different sources are likely to influence different sites. The mean eBC or EC mass concentrations for the background sites (Welgegund, Louis Trichardt, Skukuza, Botsalano) and sites influenced by industrial activities and/or nearby settlements (Elandsfontein, Marikana, Vaal Triangle and Amersfoort) ranged between 0.7 and 1.1, and 1.3 and 1.4 µg m−3, respectively. Similar seasonal patterns were observed at all three sites where continuous measurement data were collected (Elandsfontein, Marikana and Welgegund), with the highest eBC mass concentrations measured from June to October, indicating contributions from household combustion in the cold winter months (June–August), as well as savannah and grassland fires during the dry season (May to mid-October). Diurnal patterns of eBC at Elandsfontein, Marikana and Welgegund indicated maximum concentrations in the early mornings and late evenings, and minima during daytime. From the patterns it could be deduced that for Marikana and Welgegund, household combustion, as well as savannah and grassland fires, were the most significant sources, respectively.Possible contributing sources were explored in greater detail for Elandsfontein, with five main sources being identified as coal-fired power stations, pyrometallurgical smelters, traffic, household combustion, as well as savannah and grassland fires. Industries on the Mpumalanga Highveld are often blamed for all forms of pollution, due to the NO2 hotspot over this area that is attributed to NOx emissions from industries and vehicle emissions from the Johannesburg–Pretoria megacity. However, a comparison of source strengths indicated that household combustion as well as savannah and grassland fires were the most significant sources of eBC, particularly during winter and spring months, while coal-fired power stations, pyrometallurgical smelters and traffic contribute to eBC mass concentration levels year round.
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Thomas, Kylie. ""Remember Marikana": Violence and Visual Activism in Post-Apartheid South Africa." ASAP/Journal 3, no. 2 (2018): 401–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/asa.2018.0032.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Marikana (Rustenburg, South Africa)"

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Naicker, Camalita. "Marikana : taking a subaltern sphere of politics seriously." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1015651.

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This thesis aims to open up the realm of what counts as political in the context of the Marikana strikes and subsequent massacre. It does primarily by taking into account the social, political and cultural context of Mpondo workers on the mines. Many narrow Marxist and liberal frameworks have circumscribed the conception of the ‘modern’ and the ‘political’ so much so that political organisation which falls outside of this conceptualisation is often regarded as ‘backward’ or ‘archaic’. It will provide an examination of the history, culture and custom of men, who have, for almost a hundred years migrated back and forth between South African mines and Mpondoland. This not only reveals differing modes of organising and engaging in political action, but also that the praxis of democracy takes many forms, some of which are different and opposed to what counts as democratic in Western liberal democracy. By considering what I argue, following some of the insights from the Subaltern Studies collective in India, to be a subaltern sphere of politics and history, it is possible to better understand the way workers organised and acted. The thesis also argues that most labour and nationalist historiography has been silent on the political contributions of women because of how Marxist/liberal analysis frames struggles through disciplined notions of work and resistance. Rather than objectifying workers as representatives of a homogenous and universal class of people devoid of context, the thesis has linked ‘the worker’ to the community from which s/he comes and community specific struggles, which are supported and sustained, often, by the parallel struggles of women in the community.
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Sunga, Tapuwa Terence. "Platinum share prices and the Marikana tragedy: an event study." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1013002.

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An event study is an economic tool of analysis that has begun to gain popularity in recent empirical literature. It is a technique that gives a researcher the opportunity to map out the reaction of a firm's stock to an event, usually making use of daily or monthly data. However, up to this point, event study methodology has generally been applied to more traditional phenomena capable of affecting equity value, such as dividend and macroeconomic policy announcements, and there have only been a few exceptions to this. This study looks at what impact the tragic shootings at Lonmin mine in Marikana on August 16th 2012 had on the share prices of platinum mining firms based in South Africa using event study methodology. It makes use of the technique to investigate how the share prices responded to the tragedy over a number of trading days, including the day of the shootings. To be best of our knowledge, no attempt has been made to analyse the impact on share prices using events of this nature. For the investigation, daily returns data was used for each firm. The abnormal returns and cumulative abnormal returns to each were then calculated and compared with their respective expected returns in order to determine whether investors in the shares of that particular firm reacted positively, negatively or not at all. The evidence found suggests that tragedies of this nature are capable of influencing share prices in the same manner as more traditional economic phenomena. Overall, only one firm was found to have been negatively affected by the shootings in a persistent manner, while the shares of the other firms examined reacted in a manner that was positive overall, but varied according to individual firm characteristics such as size. These finding conformed to our a priori expectations. In addition, the results also confirm the benefits of applying event study methodology to a wide variety of phenomena that fall outside the boundaries usually associated with business.
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Wilson, Natalie. "Exploring tri-sector partnerships as a solution to waste management in Marikana, South Africa." Pretoria : [s.n.], 2007. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-02062007-145044.

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Phillips, David. "Mineralogy and petrology of the Townlands iron-rich ultramafic pegmatite." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007617.

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The Townlands iron-rich ultramafic pegmatite is a relatively large pipelike body situated in the western corner of Rustenburg Section, Rustenburg Platinum Mines. It is characterised by a strong negative magnetic signature and transgresses the noritic layered sequence of the upper critical zone of the Bushveld Complex. The layered rocks are downwarped in the vicinity of the pipe and are in sharp contact with the pegmatitic material. The pegmatite varies in composition between dunite and wehrlite, with the marginal zones being more wehrlitic in composition. Olivine (Fo₃₀ - Fo₅₂) and clinopyroxene (Wo₄₅En₃₀Fs₂₅ - Wo₄₅En₃₇Fs₁₈) are the dominant constituents and accessory phases include ilmenite, Ti -magnetite, apatite, amphiboles, chlorite-group minerals, biotite, ilvaite and a host of unusual ore minerals. The Fe-Ti oxides exhibit exsolution textures typically found in slowly cooled igneous rocks and temperatures of formati on are consi dered to be in excess of 800°C. The UG2 chromitite leader layers intersected by borehole TLP.l are enriched in Fe and Ti and exhibit compositions intermediate between chromite and Ti-magnetite. The ore mineral assemblage includes a primary sulphide assemblage consisting of troilite, chalcopyrite, cubanite and pentlandite, and an array of unusual phases formed by late-stage secondary processes. The unusual sulphides mooihoekite and haycockite, that occur in certain parts of the pegmatite, are considered to have formed by partial replacement of the primary assemblage and a possible paragenetic sequence is discussed. Mineral compositions and whole rock geochemical data are consistent with an origin for the pegmatite by crystallization from a fractionated melt. It is suggested that intercumulus fluids, trapped during the crystallization of the noritic layered sequence, accumulated in an area of structural weakness, in response to an increasing overburden pressure and/or tectonic activity. Evidence is also presented that indicates that the Townlands pegmatite may consist of at least two separate, but adjoining pegmatite bodies.
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Partington, Jonathan. "Re(viewing) the constitutional court's decision in Sidumo v Rustenburg Platinum Ltd." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1032.

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In Sidumo v Rustenburg Platinum Ltd ((2007) 12 BLLR 1097 (CC); (2007) 28 ILJ 2405 (CC); 2008 (2) SA 24 (CC)) the Constitutional Court made two findings of immense significance for dismissed employees: firstly, the court rejected the use of the so-called “reasonable employer” test in our law, a test which traditionally required arbitrators and courts evaluating the fairness of a dismissal for proven misconduct to treat the employer’s decision on sanction with a measure of deference; and secondly, on scrutiny of the more controversial issue before the court, to wit, the basis, if any, upon which arbitrators are obliged to make reasonable decisions, the court (in confirming that arbitrators are so obliged) held that the obligation to do so suffuses section 145 of the LRA, and that the extended review grounds legislated under PAJA do not apply. In the present article these judicial conclusions are critically analysed and evaluated, and a number of submissions are made, inter alia: it is submitted that the Constitutional Court’s rejection of the “reasonable employer” test was premised on a fundamental misinterpretation of the test; that while the court’s attempt to locate the reasonableness standard within the LRA was perhaps justifiable, the court failed to consider properly, or at all, the wording of section 145 and its history, with the consequence that the court failed to appreciate that section 145 of the LRA (save on an unduly strained interpretation) could not conceivably be construed to cater, in itself and without more, for the constitutional right to lawful, reasonable and procedurally fair administrative action; and further, that the labour landscape post-Sidumo is, to an extent, unquestionably one bathed in greater uncertainty. In conclusion, the author poses the question whether, on a review of Sidumo, the Constitutional Court should not be considered to have fallen short of fulfilling its constitutional obligations under the rule of law.
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Ntumba, Kalala. "The socio economic factors in Rustenburg that fuel sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) and which could result in the transmission of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/97094.

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Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2015.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs) constitute a serious health issue because they play a significant role in the transmission of HIV. STDs are associated with increased risk of either acquiring or transmitting HIV because of the breaks and inflammation they cause on the genital lining and the skin. Prevention or treatment of STDs can significantly lower the risk of HIV transmission. The purpose of this study is to identify the socio economic factors in Rustenburg that fuel STDs and which could lead to the transmission of HIV among youth of Rustenburg, and to make suggestions on actions that could be taken to mitigate the effects of STDs and HIV infection in the community. The method used in this study was a qualitative approach. An interview guide with eighteen open-ended questions for semi structured interviews was undertaken amongst Rustenburg youth aged 20 to 35 attending clinic for STDs in two health facilities (Job Shimankane Tabane Hospital and Classic House Clinic) in Rustenburg. The following socio-economic factors: alcohol use, poverty, concurrent multiple sexual partnership, and commercial sex work were found to be contributing to the spread of STDs and HIV in Rustenburg.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Seksueel oordraagbare siektes (SOS) bly 'n ernstige openbare gesondheidskwessie as gevolg van die rol wat dit speel in die oordrag van MIV. SOS word geassosieer met 'n verhoogde risiko van beide die verkryging, of oordrag van MIV as gevolg van die breek en inflammasie wat dit veroorsaak op die voering van die geslagsorgane en die vel. Voorkoming of behandeling van seksueel oordraagbare siektes kan die risiko van oordraagbaarheid van MIV aansienlik verminder. Die doel van hierdie studie is om die sosio-ekonomiese faktore in Rustenburg te identifiseer wat seksueel oordraagbare siektes vererger wat kan lei tot die oordrag van MIV-infeksie onder die jeug van Rustenburg, en om voorstelle te maak oor stappe wat geneem kan word om die gevolge van seksueel oordraagbare siektes en MIV-infeksie te verminder in die gemeenskap. Die metode wat in hierdie studie gebruik is, was ‘n kwalitatiewe benadering. 'n Onderhoudgids met agtien ope vrae vir semi-gestruktureerde onderhoude, is onderneem onder die jeug van Rustenburg tussen die ouderdomme van 20-35 wat die kliniek vir seksuele oordraagbare siektes bywoon in twee gesondheidsfasiliteite in Rustenburg, naamlik (Job Shimankane Tabane-hospitaal en Classic House kliniek). Daar is gevind dat die volgende sosio-ekonomiese faktore naamlik die gebruik van alkohol, armoede, verskeie gelyktydige seksuele maats en kommersiële sekswerk, bydra tot die verspreiding van seksueel oordraagbare siektes en MIV in Rustenburg.
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Molepo, Matshipi Moses. "Class consciousness in the 2012 labour disputes at Marikana, North West Province, South Africa." Thesis, University of Limpopo, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/1960.

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Thesis (M. A. (Sociology)) --University of Limpopo, 2017
The purpose of this study was to explain the events surrounding the Marikana miners’ strike in 2012, using Marxism’s concept of class consciousness. The labour disputes witnessed at Marikana in 2012 represent one of the major labour movements that South Africa has witnessed since the inception of democracy. This study adopted qualitative research methods to inquire into the events of the Marikana 2012 labour disputes. Methods used in this study include qualitative research, descriptive research design, Marxism critical inquiry, purposive sampling and critical discourse analysis. Moreover, the study investigated employee relations in the mining sector. In addition, this study also examined the Marikana miner’s working and living conditions and probed the role of social control agencies, including, trade unions, bargaining councils and the police, during the protests. This study proposes a fair distribution of wealth in the mining sector and the removal of the Migrant Labour System. Additionally, this study recommends transparency in the mining sector, the transformation of the education system and the restructuring of trade unions.
University of Limpopo Research Office
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Butjie, Boitumelo Cordelia. "The effect of the Marikana events on the collective bargaining process in South Africa." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/9239.

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The basic structures of collective bargaining in South Africa have evolved since industrialisation, through the Wiehahn-Commission era until the Farlam one and beyond, resulting in a number of legislative changes from 1924 to 2014. While dealing with collective bargaining, it is not possible to divorce the powerful history of mining from the South African story, from the diamond fields in Kimberley to the discovery of gold on the Witwatersrand in 1886, where the mine employees’ focused on cheap, unskilled labour and migrant system in the 1900s to the tragic events at Marikana in 2012. In the advent of the industry revolution, employment relationships changed as competitive demands placed a great need for advancing economic developments which are often expressed through collective-bargaining. The objective of collective bargaining is to arrive at an agreement between the employer and employees to determine mutually beneficial terms and conditions of employment such agreement may prohibit unions to embark on an industrial action for as long as it is in place. Strikes became important during the Industrial Revolution, when many worked in factories and mines. Often when employees’ demands are not met, they resort to strike action. Strike action is when a number of employees stop rendering their service in protest to express their grievances. These strikes are usually led by labour unions to get better pay, working hours or working conditions during collective bargaining as a last resort. While trade union leadership fails to advance employees’ cause, employees resort to informal alternative structures to negotiate on their behalf. South Africans have a tradition of taking to the streets in protest when unhappy about issues and this tradition did not spring up during the apartheid era but has been around from as early as 1922 to date. Protests in South Africa today draw from past repertoires and at the same time push for new political practices and directions. Strikes are often used to: Pressure governments to change its policies like in the Rand Revolt; Strikes can destabilise the rule of a particular political party like a series of strikes by blacks in the 1970s and 1980s including the 1973 Durban dockworkers and the 1987 miners’ strikes; Strikes are often part of a broader social movement taking the form of a campaign of civil resistance like Treatment Action Campaign and community struggles such Abahlali Base Mjondolo. On the strike issues in South Africa, the researcher draws from the terrible incident that transpired in August 2012 at Lonmin Mine-Marikana and how it has affected the collective bargaining landscape in South Africa. The first real and significant labour unrest, the Witwatersrand miner strike rocked South Africa to the core in 1922 and in 2012, ninety years later the violent strike by the Rock Operational Drillers at Lonmin following the Marikana massacre and as such did not enjoy statutory protection under the LRA because was classified as wildcat strike. Normally, a wildcat strike constitutes a violation of a collective bargaining agreement in place and as such is not protected unless a union joins it and ratifies the protest. The union may, however, discipline its members for participating in a wildcat strike and impose fines. Among other things miners mainly demanded a wage increment of R12500 per month. The fight between AMCU and NUM for organisational rights also found its way into the equation. A strike wave, not only linked to the mining sector, made 2012 the most protest filled year since the end of apartheid, rolled out across South Africa, closing some industrial operations and crippling others. Commentators argue that the strike wave emerged from a landscape of extreme inequality and poverty, made intolerable by the additional financial burdens arising from the migrant labour system. These factors influenced the industrial action and institutions of collective bargaining comprising of both company and union structures and processes, were found wanting in their ability to address the root causes of the crisis. The post-Marikana strike wave made a mark in the workers struggle movement as it drew in thousands of workers to join AMCU and at the same time weakening NUM, the then majority union. The strike led to the rise and growth of AMCU which was seen by miners as the driver for change. The 2012 strike wave and the Marikana massacre not only changed the balance of forces on the ground against the NUM, but also generated divisions within COSATU. The divisions were between those who decided to remain deaf to the workers’ call for transformation and those who had already realised that a decisive turn in economic policy was needed to avoid a social, economic and political crisis. In the aftermath of the strike, a number community struggles increased as 2012 began and on the other side, a number of splinter groups from COSATU mushroomed which was hobbled by in fights. NUM’s collapse is indeed part of a series of recent failures for COSATU.
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Åstrand, Caroline, and Linda Birgersson. ""We should be a lot angrier" : A case study of the Marikana shootings." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för medier och journalistik (MJ), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-38618.

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Our aim with this study was to examine how the Marikana massacre, the killings of 34 mineworkers in August 2012, was portrayed in the news media in South Africa. We based our study on a discourse analysis of a selection of articles written at the time of the massacre. We have also used interviews with two journalists who covered the Marikana massacre, to gain further insight in journalistic decisions regarding the coverage. Through theories and earlier research we have analysed the content, among others we have used Burton’s theory of self-regulation and Gramsci’s theory of media hegemony. The findings of the discourse analysis show that newspapers have covered the incident from different angles, in accordance with the different conflicts that the massacre contains. We found a conflict between the police and miners as they are both portrayed as victims and the criminals in the articles. The second conflict between the largest unions and the third among the politicians Jacob Zuma and Julius Malema. We have concluded that there is a political discourse and the political key players have used the massacre as means to gain political support. Through the discourse analysis we have also found that newspapers are at times critical towards government and authorities.
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Mitchell, Andrew Alexander. "The petrology, mineralogy and geochemistry of the main zone of the Bushveld Complex at Rustenburg Platinum Mines, Union Section." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1001563.

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Union Section of Rustenburg Patinum Mines is situated in the northwestern part of the Bushveld Complex, some twenty kilometres north of the Pilanesberg Alkaline Complex. The mining lease area covers a roughly triangular segment of Lower, Critical and Main Zone rocks, transgressed to the north and south by magnetite-bearing ferrogabbro of the Upper Zone. The Main Zone at Union Section is the focus of this study. The prime source of sample material for the study is the deep exploration borehole SK2, but additional, supplementary samples were collected on surface and underground, as well as from a second surface exploration borehole, SK4. In line with the recommendations of SACS (1980), the top of the Critical Zone, and therefore the base of the Main Zone, is taken to be the top of the Bastard Cyclic Unit. Sharpe (1985) suggested that the succession from the base of the Main is an isotopically separate entity Zone up to the Pyroxenite Marker from the rest of the Bushveld layered succession. This is not strictly true, as there is evidence that more than one parental magma was involved in the formation of this interval. It is, however, true that there are fundamental differences, particularly in isotopic makeup, between the Main Zone rocks below the pyroxenite Marker and those above (the latter having been assigned by Molyneux (1970) to subzone C of the Main Zone). Kruger et al. (1986, in press) suggested that the Pyroxenite Marker marks the base of the Upper Zone, and this convention is adhered to here. The implication of this is that the rocks which formerly constituted subzone C of the Main Zone are now considered part of the Upper Zone. The Main Zone rocks below the pyroxenite Marker were originally subdivided by Molyneux (1970) into two subzones, A and B. The results of the present study indicate that this subdivision is not justified. Instead, eight units have been distinguished in the Main Zone on geochemical, petrological and mineralogical bases. Each of these units is characterized by a coherent set, or progression, of chemical and petrological characteristics. The specific assignment of genetic connotations to these units has been deliberately avoided , at least until further studies of the Main Zone prove this to be justified. The demarcation of the eight units is illustrated in the composite diagram (Fig. 34) in the back pocket of this work, and the reasons for the subdivisions are listed in Table 6 (at the end of chapter 7 of this thesis). Until the late 1970's, it was thought that most layered cumulates formed by crystal settling (Wager and Brown, 1968). More recently, there has been a fundamental conceptual change, and many workers now believe that most cumulate rocks formed by in situ crystallization at the floor and walls of the magma chamber (McBirney and Noyes, 1979, Irvine, 1980a; Campbell, 1987). There is, however, some evidence for the physical separation of phases undergoing cotectic crystallization, particularly in the Upper Critical Zone and lower part of the Main Zone (Eales et al., 1986). This process, which has been alluded to in the past by various authors (Ferguson and Botha, 1963; Vermaak, 1976) involves the flotation of early-formed plagioclase crystals due to their positive bouyancy in tholeiitic liquids. The result is an apparent decoupling of the chemistry of pyroxene and plagioclase, as in unit IV of the Main Zone, where plagioclase becomes more anorthitic upwards, whilst pyroxene becomes more iron-rich. There is some substantial evidence, particularly in reversals in the strontium isotope initial ratio and the orthopyroxene Mg/(Mg+Fe) ratio , for multiple intrusion in the Main Zone. Although the largest and most important magma influx in the Main Zone was a high-R₀ aluminous tholeiite, as suggested by Sharpe (1985), the intrusive history of the Main Zone is believed to be far more complex than Sharpe (op. cit.) suggested. Significantly, there is strong evidence for small influxes of Upper Zone-type (Fe-rich tholeiite) magma in the upper reaches of the Main Zone. These are believed to be precursors to the major influx of Upper Zone-type magma at the pyroxenite Marker (Kruger et al, 1986, in press). The fate of intercumulus liquids in cumulate rocks has recently recieved substantial attention (Sparks et al., 1985; Morse, 1986; Barnes, 1986: Campbell, 1987). It is believed that the migration, or at least redistribution, of intercumulus liquids has played a vital role in modifying fractionation trends in the Main Zone. More importantly, the accumulation of late-stage intercumulus liquids is believed to be responsible for the formation of the Fe-rich ultramafic pegmatite bodies that interrupt the layered cumulates in borehole SK2
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Books on the topic "Marikana (Rustenburg, South Africa)"

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McIntyre, Josephine. White stoep on the highway: Rustenburg School for Girls, a history 1894-1994. Rustenburg [South Africa]: The School, 1994.

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Agency for Social Reconstruction (South Africa), ed. Between the rainbows and the rain: Marikana, migration, mining and the crisis of modern South Africa. Johannesburg: Agency for Social Reconstruction, 2013.

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Pheko, S. E. M. 100 years of Native Land Act 1913: Womb of African poverty and Marikana massacre. Johannesburg: Tokoloho (Freedom) Development Association, 2013.

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1908-, Rotblat Joseph, ed. Proceedings of the forty-ninth Pugwash Conference on Science and World Affairs: Rustenburg, South Africa, 7-13 September 1999 : confronting the challenges of the 21st century. River Edge, N.J: World Scientific, 2001.

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5

New South African Review 5: Beyond Marikana. Wits University Press, 2015.

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The Spirit of Marikana: The Rise of Insurgent Trade Unionism in South Africa. Pluto Press, 2016.

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Sinwell, Luke, and Siphiwe Mbatha. The Spirit of Marikana: The Rise of Insurgent Trade Unionism in South Africa. Pluto Press, 2016.

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Louw, Alberts, and Chikane Frank 1951-, eds. The road to Rustenburg: The Church looking forward to a new South Africa. Cape Town: Struik Christian Books, 1991.

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Alberts, Louw. The Road to Rustenburg: The Church Looking Forward to a New South Africa. Eerdmans Pub Co, 1991.

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Bond, Patrick, and John S. Saul. South Africa - The Present as History: From Mrs Ples to Mandela and Marikana. Boydell & Brewer, Limited, 2016.

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Book chapters on the topic "Marikana (Rustenburg, South Africa)"

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O’Connor, Francis. "5. The Marikana Massacre and Labor Protest in South Africa." In Global Diffusion of Protest, edited by Donatella della Porta, 113–36. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9789048531356-006.

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Swartz, Leslie. "From Sharpeville to Marikana: The Changing Political Landscape for Mental Health Practice in a Violent South Africa." In Violence and Mental Health, 381–90. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-8999-8_17.

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Onyebukwa, Chijioke Francis. "The Dilemma of Natural Resources and Upsurge of Conflicts in Africa: A Cursory Look at the Marikana Management Approaches in South Africa." In Political Economy of Resource, Human Security and Environmental Conflicts in Africa, 277–96. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-2036-2_12.

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Mafora, Gaontebale Audrey, and Ravinder Rena. "Challenges Facing Women in the Mining Area of Bojanala District of South Africa." In Overcoming Challenges and Barriers for Women in Business and Education, 89–106. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-3814-2.ch005.

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Abstract:
This chapter examined the Marikana Massacre and its effects on women of the deceased and those who sustained injuries. It also covers the challenges of the women in the Bojanala District of South Africa. The chapter also addresses the disparities and inequalities experienced by women in the mining industry. Forty women participants were part of the study. The data was gathered through questionnaires, oral interviews, and observations. The analysis revealed that more women were affected by the massacre and has deepened their level of poverty. The government provided interventions, but the findings revealed that the incident has left participants with scars, loss of income, and dissatisfaction. The chapter recommended some possible measures to improve the situation of women because of the Marikana Massacre and poverty in the area.
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"Autonomous Worker Committees in Marikana, South Africa: Journey to the Mountain." In The Class Strikes Back, 37–55. BRILL, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789004291478_004.

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Conference papers on the topic "Marikana (Rustenburg, South Africa)"

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Kgabi, N. A., J. J. Pienaar, and M. Kulmala. "Sources of atmospheric pollutants in the North West province of South Africa: a case of the Rustenburg municipality." In RAVAGE OF THE PLANET 2006. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/rav060581.

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