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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Marine archaeology'
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Firth, Antony Julian. "Marine archaeology underwater." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.243139.
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Reese, David Stephen. "Marine invertebrates and Mediterranean archaeology." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1988. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/272352.
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Pollard, Antony John. "A study of marine exploitation in prehistoric Scotland, with special reference to marine shells and their archaeological contexts." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1994. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/743/.
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The history of the study of marine exploitation in Scotland is outlined prior to the presentation of an overview of the evidence for its practice in both earlier and later prehistory. This overview is based on a corpus of Scottish prehistoric sites known to include evidence for marine exploitation. Marine shells are found on a variety of archaeological sites, many of which cannot be described as shell middens. They are defined in this work as sites given over to the primary processing and consumption of marine resources, most obviously represented by marine shells. A simple classificatory system is introduced in order to allow further discussion of the similarities and differences between various types of deposits. The material culture related to marine exploitation is discussed and ethnohistorical sources are used to demonstrate some of the ways in which similar elements of material culture have been utilised in more recent times. Issues discussed here include not only shellfish exploitation but also whaling, fishing and the use of seaweeds. The utilisation of various kinds of raw materials, of both terrestrial and marine origin, are discussed and their contextual relationship to marine resource residues considered. Discussion will then move on to focus more closely on a number of aspects relating to marine exploitation in both early and later prehistory. The 'Obanian' sites in Oban and Oronsay are used as a case study to examine the implications of shell middens being used over long periods of time and as places for burial. The results of survey and excavation work carried out on the 'Obanian' shell midden on Risga are used to supplement a discussion on the nature and role of shell middens. Discussion of the later period is centred upon a contextual study of settlement sites and the relationship between marine and terrestrial resources is discussed. This work draws to a close by considering the role of marine resources in prehistoric ritual practice. The implications of the deposition of marine shells in chambered tombs and the construction of chambered tombs over shell middens are discussed. In the later period the redeposition of midden material appears to play an important part in the development of substantial settlement complexes and may represent a change in the nature of ritual behaviour. The concluding chapter isolates what are felt to be the most important issues raised by this work.
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Firth, Antony. "Managing archaeology underwater : a theoretical, historical and comparative perspective on society and its submerged past /." Oxford : Archaeopress, 2002. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb400638328.
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Craighead, Alan Sharpe. "Marine Mollusca as palaeoenvironmental and palaeoeconomic indicators in Cantabrian Spain." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1995. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/273050.
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Van, Niekerk Karen Loise. "Marine fish exploitation during the middle and later Stone Age of South Africa." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/12238.
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Includes abstract.Includes bibliographical references (p. 298-335).
Marine fish remains are not common in Middle Stone Age (MSA) sites in Africa. There are currently only two known MSA sites with good organic preservation in South Africa that contain marine fish remains in relatively high numbers: Blombos Cave (BBC) and Klasies River main site (KR). Marine fish exploitation is considered by some researchers as a marker of modern human behaviour, requiring cognitive and technological capacities thought to have only appeared after 50 000 years ago, during the Later Stone Age (LSA).
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Pointing, Stephen Brian. "Gamma irradiation and reburial as potential novel passive conservation treatment for waterlogged archaeological timbers of the Mary Rose." Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.261248.
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Trakadas, Athena L. "Piscationes in Mauretania Tingitana : marine resource exploitation in a Roman North African province." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2009. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/366713/.
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This study determines the methods, products a nd areas of marine resource exploitation in the northwest Maghreb during the mid-1stto late 3rd centuries AD, when the region constituted the Roman province of Mauretania Tingitana. At the centre of this thesis are two data sets that are contextualised within the specific marine, lagoonal and riverine environments of the province: regional archaeological data (marine an imal remains, fishing equipment, and finds related to fish-salting practices) and relevant descriptive data (written sources, iconography and ethnography). This material included in this study derives not only from the Roman period but also the preceding Punico-Mauretanian and subsequent Late Roman periods. Such a diachronic analysis identifies the ways in which the practice and role of fishing and consumption of its products we re affected by the region’s incorporation into the Roman Empire. The region’s maritime cultural landscape was conducive to a variety of exploitation methods, practised throughout all periods examined. However, the socio-cultural, economic and technological structures that were the consequences of inclusion into the Roman political system developed to a level that reached commercialisation of the resource. Thus, for the first three centuries AD, anthropogenic factors instituted a change in the way in which people moved through and related to the marine environment of the northwest Maghreb.
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Jones, Toby Nephi. "The Mica shipwreck: deepwater nautical archaeology in the Gulf of Mexico." Thesis, Texas A&M University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/311.
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The purpose of this study was to describe the investigation of the Mica shipwreck. The objectives of the investigation, as identified by nautical archaeologists from the United States Minerals Management Service and the Nautical Archaeology Program at Texas A&M University, include determining the extent and limits of the wreck site, acquisition of diagnostic artifacts to identify the temporal period of the shipwreck and its mission at the time of loss, to identify the type of ship and its country of origin, and quantify the relationship between the vessel's construction and function. The manuscript contains a thorough analysis of the equipment and approach used by archaeologists during the excavation. The manuscript also briefly explores the use of metallic ship sheathing during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, focusing specifically on the pure copper sheathing found on the Mica wreck. Sheathing from numerous contemporary vessels will be analyzed and compared to the Mica shipwreck sheathing.
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Braje, Todd J. "Archaeology, human impacts, and historical ecology on San Miguel Island, California /." view abstract or download file of text, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1404340481&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=11238&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2007.Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 339-383). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.
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Blankenship, Beth. "The Hopewellian Influence at Crystal River, Florida: Testing the Marine Shell Artifact Production Hypothesis." Scholar Commons, 2013. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/4638.
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The Crystal River site (8CI1) in west-central Florida is famous as the southernmost major participant in the Hopewell Interaction Sphere, and certainly has the most Hopewellian goods of any Woodland site in Florida. Sharon Goad (1978), among others, proposed that Crystal River secured this position by controlling the production and exchange of marine shell ornaments and cups. I test this hypothesis through the analysis of marine shell recovered from previous excavations, recent surface finds, and shell debris from 58 core samples extracted from the Crystal River mounds, plaza, middens, and surrounding marshland. The analysis reveals an abundance of shell ornaments in burials, but only a limited presence of marine shell used in ornament production around the site, which contradicts Goad's original hypothesis. Therefore, I propose several alternative explanations for the disproportionate presence of Hopewellian items at Crystal River.
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Russell, Nicola. "Marine radiocarbon reservoir effects (MRE) in archaeology : temporal and spatial changes through the Holocene within the UK coastal environment." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2011. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/2941/.
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The purpose of this research was to investigate temporal and spatial trends in the Marine Radiocarbon Reservoir Effect (MRE) on the North Sea coast of Scotland throughout the Holocene. The MRE is a 14C age offset between contemporaneous marine derived carbon and its terrestrial counterpart, owing to the extended residence time of 14C in oceanic environments. This results in marine samples being depleted in 14C relative to contemporaneous terrestrial samples and consequently, the production of 14C ages that are erroneously old. The offset between contemporaneous marine and terrestrial entities varies through space and time on a global scale and so a single correction factor cannot be universally applied. In order to gain a coherent understanding of the MRE, its variability and its full impact on the radiocarbon dating of samples containing marine derived carbon, a brief background to the fundamental principles of radiocarbon dating is presented. This is followed by a global overview of variability in the MRE before focussing on the UK coastal environment, and in particular the North Sea coast of Scotland. Using contemporaneous multiple terrestrial and marine entities from secure archaeological contexts, this thesis investigates the MRE as represented by 13 contexts from 9 archaeological sites spanning a geographical range from Aberdeen in the north to Dunbar in the south. The sites are predominantly Medieval in age, owing to sample availability, and cover a calendar age range of c. 600 – 1500 AD. This thesis recommends the use of the multiple paired sample approach for ΔR calculations and the publication of ΔR using histograms alongside weighted mean values and the standard error for predicted values in order to provide a more accurate estimate of where ΔR values measured in the future for a similar site and location may lie. In so doing, a weighted mean for the sites studied in this thesis has produced a ΔR for the period described above of -19 ± 52 14C yrs. This thesis also compared ΔR values calculated using mollusc shell with those calculated from fish bone and found that although fish bone produces a slightly increased ΔR, this offset is not significant using the standard error for predicted values. When the fish bone results are included in the weighted mean for the study region; ΔR = -29 ± 51 14C years. This thesis highlights the variability inherent within the calculation of ΔR values and places caution on drawing definitive conclusions using ΔR as a proxy for large scale changes in oceanographic/climatic regimes. It also provides new methods of interpreting and presenting ΔR values and their associated errors for publication, alongside recommending best practice statistical treatment of the data used in ΔR calculations. Previous MRE research in this geographic area is limited and therefore this thesis contributes significantly to the understanding of the temporal and spatial trends in the MRE on the North Sea coast of Scotland within the Medieval period.
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Fredriksson, Matilda. "Digital Marine Osteoarchaeology : The problematization of bodies and bones in water." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för arkeologi och antik historia, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-325083.
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This master's thesis is intended as a foundation for further development of methods for digital marine osteoarchaeology. The main purpose of this thesis was to examine and problematise the process of locating, documenting, and analyzing skeletal remains in marine archaeological, and other hard to reach sites. Three forms of osteological analysis' was performed and assessed: one based on analysis of physical skeletal remains, another based on 2D documented skeletal remains, and a third on analysis on 3D reconstructed skeletal remains. The secondary purpose of this thesis was to problematise the taphonomic effects on bodies, body parts, and bones in marine environments, necessary for the evaluation of the different methods. The analysis' has been conducted on source material provided by the research projects for the naval ships Mars and Gribshunden, the National Maritime Museum of Sweden, the Sandby Borg project, and the Çatalhöyük project. In addition, a test was carried out, with eight volunteer osteology students at Campus Gotland, Uppsala University, during a seminar exercise. The results collected through the osteological analysis' performed on the three different formats and the students osteology exercise could be used in order to highlight a variation of data available in the different formats. The results was then used in order to create a basis for future digital documentation methods that may be applied in the field. The secondary aim of this thesis was addressed through the use of the naval ships Mars and Gribshunden as case examples in order to address the limited amount of skeletal remains located so far at the marine archaeological sites.Denna master uppsats är ämnad som grund för vidare utveckling av metoder för digital marinosteoarkeologi. Det huvudsakliga syftet med uppsatsen är att undersöka och problematisera problemen kring at lokalisera, dokumentera, och analysera skeletala kvarlevor vid marinarkeologiska, och andra svåråtkomliga lokaler. Tre olika slags osteologiska analyser utfördes: en baserad på analyser av skeletala kvarlevor, en annan baserad analyser av 2D dokumenterade skeletala kvarlevor, och en tredje baserat på analyser av 3D rekonstruerade skeletala kvarlevor. Det sekundära syftet uppsatsen var att problematisera den tafonomiska påverkan på kroppar, kroppsdelar, och ben i marina miljöer, nödvändiga för utvärderingen för de olika metoderna. Analyserna har utförts på källmaterial som tillgängliggjorts genom forskningsprojekten för skeppen Mars och Gribshunden, Statens Maritima Museer i Sverige, Sandby borg projektet, och Catalhöyük projektet. Utöver detta har även en studie utförts tillsammans med åtta frivilliga osteologistudenter vid Campus Gotland, Uppsala Universitet, under en seminarieövning. Resultaten som samlades in genom de osteologiska analyserna av de tre olika källmaterialen och student studien användes för att kunna understryka den datavariation som fanns tillgänglig för de olika källmaterialen. Resultaten användes för att skapa en grund för framtida digitala dokumentationsmetoder som kan appliceras i fält. Det sekundära syftet med studien besvarades genom att använda skeppen Mars och Gribshunden som exempel för att kunna diskutera den begränsade mängden skeletala kvarlevor som hittills hittats vid de marinarkeologiska lokalerna.
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Quinn, Carolyn J., and n/a. "Stable isotopes and diet : indications of the marine and terrestrial component in the diets of prehistoric populations from New Zealand and the Pacific." University of Otago. Department of Anthropology, 1990. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20070601.115004.
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The importance of marine versus terrestrial foods in prehistoric Pacific and New Zealand diets, and the adaptation of the Polynesian diet to new enviroments, is examined through the analysis of the ratios in human bone of the stable isotopes of carbon, nitrogen and sulphur. In particular, this study seeks to obtain quantitative information which could provide answers to five main questions, relating to the subsistence focus of the early Lapita colonists in the Pacific, the significance of suger cane in the diets of early Pacific populations, the proportions of reef versus open ocean and terrestrial versus marine foods in these diets, and the identification of populations with pronounced marine or pronounced terrestrial diets.
One hundred and nineteen samples of human bone from 13 sites throughtout the Pacific and New Zealand were processed. Nitrogen values were obtained directly from bone powder, while carbon values were determined from collagen produced by digesting bone powder in phosphoric acid. Sulphur evaluations were determined from a BaSo⁴ precipitate, produced after combustion of the collagen samples in a Parr bomb.
Interpretation of results is approached from a comparative point of view, which enables the proportions of marine and terrestrial foods in the diets of each study group to be assessed in relation to the diets of all the other groups. Additional information on the composition of the diets is gained by comparing the stable isotope values obtained in this study with published values of other human populations, and of marine and terrrestrial plants and animals.
The potential of stable isotope analysis to identify the composition of prehistoric New Zealand and Pacific diets is confirmed. A unique marine adaptation is revealed from the analysis of the Chatham Islands Moriori who appear to have focused almost exclusively on marine resources. In contrast, a highly terrestrial diet is suggested for groups from Nebira in Papua New Guinea and Lake Rotoiti in New Zealand.
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Fredriksson, Matilda. "The skeletal remains of the naval ship Mars : An osteological pre-study for analysing digitally documented skeletalremains in a marine context." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för arkeologi och antik historia, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-325086.
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Denna kandidatuppsats är ämnad att ligga som grund för framtida osteologisk dokumentation ochanalys av de skeletala kvarlevorna från skeppet Mars, och är utförd i samarbete med projektet SkeppetMars (1564).Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka och problematisera möjligheterna att analyseradigitalt dokumenterade skeletala kvarlevor i en marin miljö. För att utvärdera möjligheterna ochbegränsningarna med att utföra en digital osteologisk analys utfördes en mindre studie av det digitaltdokumenterade material som hittills insamlats från skeppet Mars. Analysen visade att en osteologiskanalys kan utföras på digitalt dokumenterade skeletala kvarlevor men att det finns begränsningar medatt utföra en analys av ett två dimensionellt källmaterial. Syftet med denna uppsats är även attdiskutera och lyfta fram hur skeletala kvarlevor påverkas under längre tid i marina sediment* samtbräckt/salt vatten. Syftet med denna uppsats är även att diskutera hur en hypotetisk inhämtning och konservering av de skeletala kvarlevorna från skeppet Mars bör utföras.This bachelor's thesis is intended to lay the ground for future osteological documentation and analysisof the skeletal remains from the naval ship Mars, and is conducted with the project Skeppet Mars(1564). The main purpose of this thesis is to examine and problematise the possibility to analysedigitally documented skeletal remains in a marine context. In order to evaluate the possibilities andlimitations of performing an osteological analysis, a small analysis was conducted on the digitallydocumented skeletal remains collected from the naval ship Mars so far. The analysis showed that anosteological analysis can be performed on digitally documented skeletal remains, there are, however,limitations of performing an analysis on a two dimensional documentation. The secondary purpose ofthis thesis is to discuss and highlight how skeletal remains are affected by marine sediment* andbrackish/saltwater over a long period of time. An additional goal for this thesis is to discuss how ahypothetical retrieval and conservation of the skeletal remains of the naval ship Mars shouldpreferably be performed.
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Koehler, Richard. "Västergarn Boat Rivets in Context : Case Study : The Missing Boatyard." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Arkeologi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-420243.
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Gotland has a rich material cultural heritage from the Stone Age to the Middle Ages thanks to the island's strategic location in the middle of the Baltic Sea; especially true for the Viking Age when Gotlanders had extensive trade contacts with the east dating from the mid 12th century and Gotland’s economy was dominated by such contacts. This essay deals with Gotland's maritime infrastructure and its development between about 1100 and 1400 based on a case study of boat rivets from the medieval settlement of Västergarn. The study focus is on Västergarn’s emergence as a maritime community on Gotland's west coast, and if Västergarn had the opportunity to decide its own economy, i.e., to control its’ external contacts and internal trade with the rest of Gotland? What role did maritime traffic play in Västergarn economy? Is it possible to draw conclusions about site maritime organization and infrastructure based on the extensive rivet material? What supply chains with the surrounding area may have existed that made such activity possible? What professional skills and knowledge were in place? In the analytical part of the dissertation a classification system for Västergarn's rivet material is established and discussed in comparison with other literature on boat building technology from the rest of Scandinavia, in particular the Baltic Sea area. Results of the study indicate the existence of a boatyard mainly for the repair of clinker-built vessels. Further conclusions about how shipping, especially after clinker-built vessels were replaced by cogs, affected Västergarn's economy and its’ further existence as a port, however, is not established.Gotland har ett rikt materiellt kulturarv från stenåldern till medeltiden tack vare öns strategiska läge i mitten av Östersjön. Särskild är detta tydlig för vikingatiden då gotlänningarna hade handelskontakter österut. Sedan mitten av 1100-talet dominerades den gotländska ekonomin av kontakterna med tyska handelsförbund vilket också får nedslag i de materiella källorna. Denna uppsats behandlar Gotlands maritima infrastruktur och dess utveckling mellan ca. 1100 och 1400 utifrån en fallstudie av båtnitar från den medeltida bosättningen Västergarn. Syftet är att studera framväxten av Västergarn som ett maritimt samhälle vid Gotlands västkust och hur Västergarn utvecklades som en hamn. Hade Västergarn möjlighet att bestämma 2 över sin egen ekonomi, dvs att kontrollera de externa kontakterna och interna handeln mot övriga Gotland? Vilken roll spelade skeppstrafiken och användningen av skepp för Västergarn ́s ekonomi? Går det att dra slutsatser utifrån det omfattande nitmaterial om platsens maritima organisation och infrastruktur? Vilka försörjningskedjor med omlandet kan ha existerat som möjliggjorde en sådan verksamhet? Vilka professionella färdigheter och kunskaper fanns på plats? I avhandlingens analytiska del etableras och diskuteras ett klassifikationssystem för Västergarn ́s nitmaterial och jämförs med annan litteratur om båtbyggningsteknik från övriga Skandinavien, i synnerhet Östersjöområdet. Resultat av studien tyder på existensen av ett båtvarv huvudsakligen för reparation av klinkbyggda skepp. Vidaregående slutsatser om hur sjöfarten särskild efter att klinkbyggda skepp ersattes av koggar påverkade Västergarns ekonomi och vidare existens som hamn går däremot inte att dra.
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Gilbertson, Theresa Jane. "A Comparative Analysis of Portable X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry and Stable Isotopes in Assessing Ancient Coastal Peruvian Diets." Scholar Commons, 2015. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/5951.
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This dissertation explores a cross-cultural analysis of the dietary signatures of four coastal cultures of prehistoric Peru. A combination of elemental analysis based on portable x-ray fluorescence spectrometry (pXRF), testing trace elements presented in 209 individuals’ skulls representing the Nazca (38), Cañete (33), Lima (40), and Moche (98) valleys and/or cultures of the first millennium AD, is weighed in conjunction with isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) to analyze human bone collagen and bone apatite derived from a portion of the individuals represented in the Nazca, Cañete, and Lima cranial samples.
Evidence from the results of both tests are weighed using descriptive statistics supported with bivariate correlations and linear regression to determine that the pXRF data on the trace elements strontium (Sr), barium (Ba), and iron (Fe) from the Moche collection do present potential for accurately portraying diet of those individuals represented in this sample. Additional hypotheses tested include potential for preferential diets based on sex, age, and status as well as attempting to place the valley of Cañete in the cultural sphere of either Lima or Nasca during the Early Intermediate Period. While there was no significant statistical difference in diet based on age in any of the individual valley datasets, there was one valley, Nazca, which showed a considerable variation in diet based on sex. From data derived from this particular sample set, there are mixed results in attempting to apply status to a diet of preferential high nitrogen sources such as marine mammals and large fish. In attempting to place Cañete in the cultural sphere of either Lima or Nasca, it was determined that cultural remains appear to be linked predominately to artifacts and practices of the Lima Culture, but the dietary difference in both stable isotope and trace elements signatures combined with the samples which instead aligned more closely with the Nasca Culture suggests that perhaps Cañete was a marginal space which allowed for the settlement and interaction of peoples from both neighboring cultures without prejudice. Overall, results indicate it would be premature to suggest pXRF replace destructive analysis in determination of diet. Due to the small sample size of stable isotopes deemed viable in testing, it is suggested that a larger sample of stable isotopes should be considered in similar testing and that the major elements from pXRF should also be used before a suggestion that destructive analysis was no longer warranted in many cases for deducing diet in ancient populations.
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Boichot, Nicolas. "Les amphores Lamboglia 2 de production adriatique et campanienne." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE2114.
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Les amphores italiques de type Lamboglia 2 sont parmi les plus diffusées à l’époque tardorépublicaine, dans le bassin méditerranéen et parfois bien au-delà. Elles sont également présentes sur près de 150 épaves en Méditerranée. Cette thèse s’intéresse plus particulièrement à deux d’entre elles, les épaves de Qaitbay 1 et de Sa Nau Perduda. Elles apportent un éclairage nouveau sur deux thèmes : la typologie des amphores adriatiques, à une période charnière de leur évolution, et l’existence d’une production de Lamboglia 2 en Campanie. La première partie synthétise les données disponibles sur les questions de typo-chronologie, sur les ateliers et sur la diffusion des Lamboglia 2 par voie maritime, au travers d’un inventaire des épaves. La deuxième partie porte sur l’étude de la cargaison de l’épave dite Qaitbay 1, située au large d’Alexandrie. Elle se compose principalement de Lamboglia 2 du Picenum, accompagnées par un lot de Dressel 6A de la même région, d’amphores de Brindes et de Lamboglia 2 campaniennes. La troisième partie concerne ce dernier type d’amphore, encore mal connu. Elle repose notamment sur une approche comparative de plusieurs épaves, dont celle de Sa Nau Perduda, située dans la province de Gérone. Elle est le seul exemple connu à ce jour d’une cargaison principale de Lamboglia 2 campaniennesLamboglia 2 are among the most common Italic amphorae of the late Roman Republic in the Mediterranean basin and sometimes far beyond. They have also been found on nearly 150 shipwrecks in the Mediterranean. This thesis focuses on two such shipwrecks, known as Qaitbay 1 and Sa Nau Perduda. They shed new light on two themes: the typology of Adriatic amphorae during a transition period in their evolution, and the existence of a production of Lamboglia 2 in Campania. The first part of my thesis summarises the available data on typo-chronological issues, workshops and the spread of Lamboglia 2 by sea routes, through an inventory of shipwrecks. The second part deals with the study of the cargo of the Qaitbay 1 shipwreck lying off Alexandria. The cargo consists mainly of Lamboglia 2 produced in Picenum, accompanied by Dressel 6A from the same region, Brindisian amphorae and Campanian Lamboglia 2. The third part concerns this last type of amphora, which is still poorly known. It is based on a comparative approach of several shipwrecks, including that of Sa Nau Perduda located in the province of Girona. To this day, it is the only known example of a principal cargo of Campanian Lamboglia 2
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El, sayed Mohamed. "L’archéologie sous-marine en Egypte. Rappel critique de son histoire et propositions pour une politique de gestion des vestiges immergés en Egypte, à la lumière des autres expériences en Méditerranée." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO20120.
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À côté de la jeune histoire de l’archéologie sous-marine égyptienne qui est retracée dans ce travail, les expériences similaires dans le monde méditerranéen sont beaucoup plus anciennes. Elles remontent au XVe siècle avec la découverte d’une épave du Ier siècle ap. J.-C. dans le lac Nemi, puis à la récupération d'une partie de la cargaison de l'épave antique d'Anticythère en 1901 grâce aux pêcheurs d'éponges grecs, ainsi qu’à la découverte en 1907 de l'épave romaine de Mahdia en Tunisie. Elles constituent des événements marquants dans le domaine de l'archéologie sous-marine. Mais l’archéologie sous-marine s’est développée de manière spectaculaire avec l’invention du scaphandre autonome par les français Jacques-Yves Cousteau et l’ingénieur Émile Gagnan. Cette invention provoqua une véritable révolution dans le domaine des activités sous-marines en 1942-1943. Ensuite les découvertes se succédèrent dans le bassin méditerranéen pendant plus d’un demi-siècle et de nombreux pays à travers le monde décidèrent de la mise en place de service archéologique spécialement dédié aux activités subaquatiques et sous-marines.Cette thèse porte sur une politique de gestion des vestiges immergés en Egypte, à la lumière des autres expériences en Méditerranée, afin d’attirer l'attention sur la richesse du patrimoine subaquatique égyptien à travers une étude dans le détail et dans son ensemble de l’action du Conseil suprême des Antiquités de l’Égypte et des diverses missions étrangères travaillant en Egypte. Elle propose une politique de protection efficace du patrimoine culturel subaquatique en Egypte, et des suggestions de développement du tourisme archéologique sous-marin et subaquatique, pour transformer ces richesses englouties en vecteur économique, tout en assurant leur protection adéquate par une législation spécifique qui n’existe pas encore en EgypteBeside this short history of underwater archeology in Egypt which is described in this work, similar experiences in the Mediterranean are much older, they go back to the fifteenth century with the discovery of a wreck from the first century AD, in Lake Nemi, later, the recovery of some objects from the ancient wreck of Anticythère in 1901 by the Greek fishermen of sponge, and the discovery in 1907 of the Roman wreck of Mahdia in Tunisia, are remarkable in the field of underwater archeology. But the underwater archeology has developed with the invention of the aqualung by the French Jacques-Yves Cousteau and the engineer Emile Gagnan. This invention caused a revolution in the field of underwater activities in 1942-1943. Then the underwater discoveries in the Mediterranean were succeeded and increased for more than a half century, and many countries around the world decided the establishment of an archaeological service specifically dedicated to underwater activities. This study focusses on management policy of underwater archaeology in Egypt, in the light of other experiences in the Mediterranean, in order to draw attention to the importance of the Egyptian underwater archaeology through a study in details of the activities of the Supreme council of Antiquities in Egypt and of the different foreign missions working in Egypt and to propose an effective protection policy of underwater cultural heritage in Egypt, also to develop the tourism of underwater archaeology, and to transform these vestiges in an economic vector, while ensuring an adequate protection by specific legislation that does not exist yet in Egypt
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Poveda, Pierre. "Le navire antique comme intrument du commerce maritime : restitutions 3D, tonnage, qualités nautiques et calculs hydrostatiques des épaves : Napoli A, Napoli C, Dramont E et Jules Verne 7." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM3091.
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La présente thèse se construit sur deux problématiques principales : la première porte sur l'amélioration des techniques d'étude liées à la restitution des navires antiques, conséquence d'un renouvellement des outils de travail, notamment par l'usage intensif de l'informatique, la seconde est liée à la production d'informations supplémentaires sur les qualités nautiques et la capacité commerciale des navires restitués, à travers l'apport des analyses physiques tirées des modèles virtuels. Ce programme est ici appliqué à quatre épaves : une épave grecque archaïque du VIème s. av. J.-C., Jules-Verne 7, deux épaves romaines du Ier s. ap. J.-C., Napoli A et Napoli C et enfin une épave plus tardive, du Vème s. ap. J.-C., Dramont E. Pour chaque épave restituée, l'étude se décompose en deux parties distinctes mais étroitement interdépendantes : une ou plusieurs hypothèses de restitution sont tout d'abord définies sur la base rigoureuse des vestiges conservés et de différents éléments de comparaison (iconographiques, ethnologiques, sources littéraires). Par la suite, c'est une analyse simple de certaines caractéristiques physiques de la restitution qui est entreprise en s'intéressant à ses divers enfoncements, à la répartition des poids et des volumes ou encore à sa stabilité transversale. L'intérêt particulier porté aux caractéristiques des carènes restituées permet ensuite, d'ébaucher dans les grandes lignes le programme ainsi que l'espace de navigation des navires originaux. Il s'agit grace à cette approche spécifique de s'intéresser au navire antique en tant que système fonctionnel, mais aussi et surtout en tant qu'outil principal et vecteur du commerce maritimeThis thesis is built around two main subjects: the first pertains to the question of improving the technics of study related to the reconstitution of ancient ships following a renewal of in tools utilized for the task. The second subject is linked to the production of additional information on the nautical qualities and the sailing capabilities of the hypothetical reconstituted ships based on the analysis of virtual models. We applied this program to four wrecks: a Greek wreck from the archaic period dated to the VIth c. B.C., Jules-Verne 7, two Roman wrecks from the Ist c. A.D., Napoli A and Napoli C, and finally to a late roman period wreck from the Vth c. A.D., Dramont E. For each wreck, the study is divided into two separate sections that are closely related and interdependent. First, we sought to define one or more valid hypotheses based rigorously on the remains preserved and on various elements of comparison (iconographic and ethnographic parallels, literary sources). Thereafter, we planned a simple analysis of some physical characteristics of the reconstituted ship focusing on its various draughts, displacements and transversal stability according to different distributions of weights and volumes. This focus on the characteristics of the hypotheses of reconstitution allows us, to some extent, to outline in broad terms the utilization programs and the navigational areas of the original ships. We intend in this way to focus on the ship as a functional system, but also and especially as the main vector of ancient maritime trade in the Mediterranean
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Giaime, Matthieu. "Géoarchéologie des ports antiques en contextes deltaïques : quelques exemples de Méditerranée et de mer Noire." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM3091.
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Les deltas ont débuté leur édification il y a environ 7000 ans suite à la stabilisation du niveau de la mer. Ils offraient durant l’Antiquité une mosaïque d’environnements, plus ou moins protégés, favorables aux activités maritimes. Nous montrons que plusieurs types de ports deltaïques peuvent être identifiés en raison des différents contextes géomorphologiques offerts par les deltas. La mise en relation des résultats bio-sédimentologiques, avec les données archéologiques nous ont permis de détailler l’évolution des environnements portuaires de plusieurs sites antiques situés dans des deltas. La première étude a été menée à l’échelle du delta de la Kouban (Péninsule de Taman, Russie). Un carottage réalisé à l’extrémité orientale de la péninsule et sa comparaison avec d’autres études géoarchéologiques menées récemment dans le delta nous a permis de restituer l’évolution paléogéographique de la péninsule. Nous avons pu confirmer que cette dernière a constituée, suite à la remontée postglaciaire du niveau marin, un large archipel articulé autour de quatre îles. À Tel Akko (Baie de Haifa, Israël), notre étude nous a permis de restituer l’évolution côtière du site depuis l’Âge du Bronze. À Pollentia, cité romaine des Baléares, nous avons été en mesure de démontrer que le port était situé dans une lagune de faible profondeur située en marge distale d’un petit delta côtier. Enfin à Halmyris (Danube, Roumanie) nous avons été en mesure de démontrer que la forteresse romaine, installée sur un promontoire, était protégée des crues tout en bénéficiant d’un accès facilité au fleuve par l’intermédiaire d’un chenal secondaire au sein duquel son port aurait pu être installéRiver deltas began forming around 7000 years BP because of the stabilisation of the mean sea-level. The natural variety of wetland environments on clastic coasts, in particular deltas, explains in major part the important disparities in harbour contexts. The combination of earth sciences with archaeological tools allows us to investigate the environmental evolution of four ancient sites located on deltas. We investigate 7000 years of environmental changes on the Kuban delta (Taman Peninsula, Russia). A coring, from the eastern limit of the peninsula, and its comparison with other geoarchaeological studies undertaken on the delta, allow us to confirm that the Holocene marine transgression created an archipelago of four islands around 6000 years ago in the area of the present-day Taman Peninsula. In Antiquity, natural factors such as delta progradation and the evolution of spits and sand bars have considerably affected the landscape evolution and therefore human occupation of the peninsula. At Tel Akko, (Haifa Bay, Israel), we reconstruct the evolution of the coastal zone of the site since the Bronze Age. We propose different harbour locations over time. At Pollentia, a Roman city of Mallorca, we have been able to demonstrate that the harbour was situated in a shallow lagoon, probably dredged at the time of its foundation. At Halymris (Danube delta, Romania), our research supports the presence of a secondary fluvial-channel located close to the fortress where the harbour may have been installed. The fortress, located at the foot of a promontory, was protected from floods and provided easy access to the main channel of the river
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Guibert, Jean-Sébastien. "Mémoire de mer, océan de papiers : naufrage, risque et fait maritime à la Guadeloupe (Petites Antilles) fin XVIIe - mi XIXe siècles." Thesis, Antilles-Guyane, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AGUY0607.
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Cette thèse explore les relations entre histoire et archéologie sous-marine pour étudier le risque de perte en mer aux Petites Antilles à travers l' exemple de la Guadeloupe. Le phénomène du naufrage est envisagé comme un prisme pour aborder les aspects maritimes de l'histoire de la Guadeloupe à l' époque de la marine à voile, entre la fin du XVIIe siècle et la première moitié du XIXe siècle. L' étude repose sur un dépouillement exhaustif de la correspondance administrative et des sondages ciblés dans les archives de la Marine et de quelques-uns des principaux ports du royaume de France liés aux Antilles (Nantes, Bordeaux, Le Havre, Marseille). Le naufrage est défini à travers une étude quantitative des pertes en mer : nombre, fréquence, localisation, répartition chronologique. Cette perspective conduit à qualifier le phénomène de sériel mais marginal en comparaison avec la fréquentation maritime, ce qui n' ôte pas de son intérêt en tant que clé de lecture d'une colonie française d' Amérique et de son économie et de sa société si part iculières , entre cultures d'exportation et esclavage. Environ 550 naufrages son répertoriés en archives entre la fin du XVIIe siècle et le début du XIXe siècle, ce qui représente moins de 1 % de la fréquentation maritime de la colonie. Il s' agit d'un phénomène essentiellement côtier et portuaire lié à la survenue d'événements climatiques exceptionnels (coups de vent et ouragans). Mais, ponctuellement, d'autres causes sont mises en évidence. L'objectif est de dresser une typologie des pertes en mer s'intéressant aussi bien aux différents types de navires perdus qu'à leur fonction , leur cargaison et leur équipage. La question de la perception des risques de pertes (conditions de navigation, dangers d'échouage, aléas climatiques) est envisagée pour analyser les relations entre risques et les moyens mis en oeuvre pour en réduire l'impact. Les différentes pistes allant des premières missions à caractère hydrographique au XVIIIe siècle, aux premiers aménagements portuaires au XIXe siècle, sont étudiées pour voir si elles répondent aux risques de pertes en mer. L'étude des documents d'archives trouve une application dans l'évaluation du potentiel archéologique sous-marin de la Guadeloupe. Celui-ci est évalué à une fourchette entre 50 et 120 sites d'épaves. La lecture critique des sources propose par ailleurs des hypothèses d'identification de 5 sites sur les 15 sites d' épaves anciennes connus, permettant ainsi une vision différente de la question des risques maritimesThis Ph D explores relationships between history and underwater archaeology in order to study the martime risks in West Indies through the example of Guadeloupe. Shipwreck phenomenon is presented as a prism to analyze maritime aspect of Guadeloupe history during the time of sailing, from the end of 17th to first half of 19th century. The study is based on a archivaI analysis of administrative correspondence and surveys in marine archives and French kingdom main ports linked with West Indies. Shipwreck is defined through an quantitative study of losses : quantity, frequency, localization, chronological spread. This point of view permits to qualify the this phenomenon as serial but low regarding to the maritime activity, This fact is not a lack in order to use this event as a reading key of an American French colony, its economy and society. About 550 shipwrecks have been recorded from the end of 17th to first half of 19th century, thi represents less than 1% of maritime activity of the colony .. This phenomenon is mainly a coastal and a port event, linked with climatic hazard as hurricanes, but the study focused also on others causes . The objective is to set up a losses' typology dealing with ships types, functions, cargos, and crews. The perception of losses risks (seafaring conditions, wrecks dangers and climatic hazards) is presented in order to analyze relationships between risks and means in order to prevent them or reduce their consequences. Different projects from first hydrographical missions during 18th century to first ports building projects at the beginning of 19th century have been studied in order to establish if they answer the losses risks
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Cárdenas, Mercedes. "El Periodo Precerámico en el valle de Chao." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2012. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/113373.
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The Preceramic Period in Chao Valley The author presents the evidence recovered from Preceramic Period sites discovered during the Survey Project at Chao Valley, with special emphasis on those situated on the dry Las Salinas pampa in order to compare these with others located in other parts of the valley.Se presentan los datos relacionados con sitios del Periodo Precerámico descubiertos cuando se realizó el inventario y catastro de Chao, con especial énfasis en aquellos situados en la pampa árida de Las Salinas para contrastarlos con los otros existentes en los varios sectores del valle.
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Tiboni, Francesco. "La navigation en Méditerranée occidentale pré-archaïque." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM3069.
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Ce travail de recherche est consacré à l’analyse des évidences directes et indirectes des moyens de navigation en milieu maritime dans la partie occidentale de la Méditerranée, du début jusqu’à de l’âge du Fer Premier. A partir de la révision générale du répertoire iconographique de la période provenant de plusieurs sites colloqués entre l’Adriatique et la péninsule Ibérique, l’étude conduite souligne l’existence de plusieurs traditions locaux, reconnaissables en clé régionale, à partir du moins de l’âge du Bronze. L’identification de ces traditions, bien lisibles à travers les expressions culturelles des peuples locaux, nous permet d’affirmer que plusieurs peuples de cette partie de la Méditerranée antique avaient déjà développé, le long de la préhistoire, des solutions techniques et formelles propres dans le domaine naval. Dans les chapitres, l’analyse de ces éléments techniques et culturels de l’Occident est donc gérée tant à partir de l’iconographie qu’à la lumière des épaves. Même en absence d’un grand nombre de témoignages directs, cela nous permet d’affirmer que les traditions culturelles qu’on reconnaît à partir des premières figures gravée ou peintes dans des sites de région, ont en effet une dimension technologique. Malheureusement, les données archéologiques dont nous disposons ne nous permettent pas d’isoler tous ces éléments, ni de proposer la définition des familles architecturales locales, sauf que pour la période plus tardive, lors de l’arrivée des Grecs et des PhéniciensThis research deals with the analysis of the evidence of maritime means of transports in use in the Western Mediterranean sea between the birth of the human navigation and the First Iron Age. Starting from a general revision of the local naval iconography of the period, based on a reassessment of the evidence coming from many archaeological sites placed between the Adriatic Sea and the Southern Spanish coasts, the study shed a light the existence of many different regional traditions that date back at least from the Bronze Age. The possibility to identify these traditions, as well as to examine them from a diachronic point of view, allows the author to state that we cannot think about an introduction from the east of the concept of maritime navigation. During the prehistory, particularly from the Bronze Age, the local cultural groups of this area seem in fact to have already developed good naval attitudes and capabilities. Even the analysis of the local iconography in the light of the technological elements that we can isolate on the Mediterranean wrecks of this period seems to confirm the existence of these local traditions. Unfortunately, the lack of a good number of direct evidence pertaining to wrecks do not permit us investigating these technological traditions. Thus, we cannot not identify the architectural families of the earliest phases; we can have an idea of their existence only in correspondence with the presence of Greeks and Phoenicians merchants and ships
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Belov, Alexandre. "Etudes de l'architecture navale égyptienne de la Basse Epoque : nouvelle évidence archéologique et essai de restitution en 3D." Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BOR30005.
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La thèse propose une étude de l’architecture navale égyptienne de la Basse Époque (722-332 avant J.C.). Les vestiges iconographiques, épigraphiques et archéologiques existant sur ce sujet sont très maigres. Ainsi les recherches proposées se fondent principalement sur des nouvelles données archéologiques. Les fouilles menées par l’Institut d’Archéologie Sous-Marine (IEASM) en Égypte ont permis de découvrir plus de soixante bateaux datés du XIe au Ier s. av. J.-C dans les ports et les canaux de la ville engloutie de Thônis-Héracléion. En excellent état de conservation, il s’agit de la plus grande accumulation des bateaux antiques jamais retrouvés et au moins dix-huit d’entre eux sont datables de la Basse Epoque. La construction du bateau 17, qui constitue le sujet principal de la thèse, a été étudiée pendant trois saisons des fouilles (2009-2011). Le volume des nouvelles informations acquises est considérable et permet non seulement d’analyser en détail la construction du bateau en question mais aussi de tirer les conclusions plus générales concernant les principes et les méthodes de l’architecture navale en Egypte caractéristiques de cette époque. Plusieurs décisions techniques restent uniques à la tradition d’architecture navale égyptienne ainsi que l’est le choix d’essences locales pour la construction. Les traits de construction analysés dans la thèse sont systématiquement comparés aux documents iconographiques, épigraphiques et archéologiques disponibles. Il faut souligner l’importance de la description du bateau égyptien « baris » par Hérodote (« Histoires » II.96, env. 450 av. J.-C.) qui correspond bien à la construction du bateau 17 d’Héracleion. La première version du modèle 3D de ce bateau permet d’évaluer ses capacités techniques principales. La thèse proposera une comparaison entre le génie maritime égyptien de la Basse Epoque et ceux de la Méditerranée contemporaineThe thesis is devoted to the study of Ancient Egyptian boatbuilding during the Late Period (722-332 BC). Iconographic, epigraphic and archaeological evidence on the subject being so scarce, the thesis is based mainly on a recently acquired archaeological data. Underwater excavations by the European Institute of Underwater Archaeology (IEASM) in Egypt allowed locating more than sixty ships dating from the 11th to 1st century BC in the harbour area and channels of the submerged city of Thonis-Heracleion. At least eighteen of these well-preserved ships are dated to the Late Period. The construction of ship 17 that has been studied during three excavation seasons (2009-2011) constitutes the main subject of current thesis. The considerable volume of new data allows not only to consider in detail the construction of the ship in question but also to propose several general conclusions on the constructional principles and methods characteristic to the Late Period. Many of these are unique to the Ancient Egyptian boatbuilding tradition as is the choice of local wood species for the construction. New archaeological data is compared throughout the research to existing iconographic, epigraphic and archaeological evidence. It is necessary to underline the importance of the description by Herodotus (“Histories” II.96, c.450 BC) of the local Egyptian ship “baris” as it corresponds well to the construction of ship 17. First version of the three-dimensional model of this ship allows estimating its major technical characteristics. The thesis proposes a comparison between the Late Egyptian and contemporary shipbuilding traditions of the Mediterranean
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Nyamushosho, Robert Tendai. "States, agency, and power on the ‘peripheries': exploring the archaeology of the later Iron Age societies in precolonial Mberengwa, CE 1300-1600s." Doctoral thesis, Faculty of Science, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/33942.
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In southern Africa, as elsewhere, the tendency of Iron Age (CE 200-1900) researchers has been to focus on the more prominent places on the landscape, especially those believed by pioneering archaeologists to have been centres of big states. Consequently, most research foci were accorded to Mapungubwe, Great Zimbabwe, Khami, Danamombe and many other places considered as centres (mizinda) of expansive territorial states. However, landscapes away from, and in-between these states and their centres are traditionally viewed as ‘peripheries' where resources that made them prosperous were extracted. The inhabitants of such ‘peripheries' are presented as if they possessed little or no agency. One such area is Mberengwa, a gold-rich area situated between the edges of Mapela, Mapungubwe, Great Zimbabwe, Danamombe, and Khami. This thesis explores the archaeology of Chumnungwa, a drystone-walled muzinda located in Mberengwa. Because of abundant gold, and a landscape optimal for cattle production and crop agriculture, Chumnungwa is often marginalised as a docile ‘periphery' of the more powerful and territorial states that surrounded it. Stratigraphic excavations were performed in different parts of the site to recover artefactual and chronological evidence. Indications are that the inhabitants of Chumnungwa exploited locally acquired resources such as gold, iron, and soapstone, but mixed these with resources from distant areas. Cumulatively, this evidence, when assessed in relation to chronology, suggests that Chumnungwa flourished more or less at the same time as Mapela, and the later phases of Mapungubwe, Great Zimbabwe, Khami, and Danamombe. As a powerful actor in Mberengwa, Chumnungwa also networked and was therefore entangled not only with local, but also with regional, and inter-regional politicoeconomic processes. This suggests it is only a historical invention that can marginalise some landscapes as ‘peripheral', especially in the absence of research, but once attention is directed to them, multiple layers of agency and entanglement emerge.
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Dorn, Ralf. "Die Kirche des ehemaligen Damenstifts St. Marien und Pusinna in Herford : Architektur unter den Edelherren zur Lippe /." Petersberg : Imhof, 2006. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=2765972&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm.
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Lopes, Marcel. "Ocupação Tupinambá no vale do Paraíba Paulista: vista a partir da análise do sítio arqueológico Santa Marina." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/71/71131/tde-21032014-144952/.
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Nesta dissertação apresentamos um amplo quadro da ocupação indígena pré-colonial no vale do Paraíba Paulista, localizado na porção leste do Estado de São Paulo. Apesar da diversidade das populações que habitaram a região, nosso estudo teve como foco as populações falantes de línguas do tronco linguístico Tupi, mais precisamente, aquelas associados aos grupos Tupinambá (língua e cultura). Para o entendimento destes processos, além de nos debruçarmos sobre as fontes disponíveis para região, desenvolvemos um estudo detalhado do histórico e das atividades realizadas no sítio arqueológico Santa Marina e a análise apurada do conjunto artefatual cerâmico e lítico. As ações delineadas ao longo deste trabalho permitem compreendermos as formas utilizadas por estas populações ao se constituírem e estenderem seus domínios sóciopolíticos por séculos, ao longo da paisagem valeparaibana.In the present thesis, we exhibited a wide scenario of the pre-colonial indigenous settlement in Vale do Paraíba Paulista, situated in the Eastern portion of São Paulo State. In spite of the diversity of populations that inhabited the region, our work is focused on Tupi linguistic branches speakers, precisely, on those associated with Tupinambá groups (language and culture). Aiming to understand that process, a detailed study of the history and activities performed in Santa Marina archeological site was developed, in addition to an accurate analysis of pottery and lytic artifactual sets. Besides that, we looked over the sources at hand for the region. The actions outlined during this work allow us to understand the means those people used in their constituting process and broadening of their social-politic domains through centuries, along the valeparaiban landscape.
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Strasik, Amanda Kristine. "Reconceiving childhood: women and children in French art, 1750-1814." Diss., University of Iowa, 2016. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/5647.
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My dissertation examines visual representations of children and childhood in French art from the 1750s until the first decades of the nineteenth century. This period in France is distinct because of the sweeping social and political changes with which images of children and childhood were in dialogue, including the redefinition of bourgeois familial relationships, new medical discoveries that influenced how artists interpreted the human mind and body, the chaos of the French Revolution, and the rise of Napoleon and his codification of the laws of nature.
By 1750, Enlightenment thinkers and social reformers viewed the education, nurturing, and protection of innocent children as among the fundamental moral acts that defined humanity. Childhood, once considered insignificant, became a special period of human development that women were naturally suited to cultivate. Amidst the corruption of the Ancien régime, the violence of the French Revolution, and the instability of the state, children were unthreatening emblems of social regeneration and hope.
Throughout my dissertation, I explore how the complex written and visual language of nature informed artists’ conceptions of children and childhood during the long eighteenth century. Opposing themes of nature’s wildness, containment, wholesomeness, and mysteriousness in different forms paralleled discourses on children and child-rearing. Prominent eighteenth-century artists like Chardin, Boucher, Fragonard, Greuze, Vigée Lebrun, Marguerite Gérard, and others analyzed contemporary scientific, philosophical, artistic, and pedagogical movements to depict children naturally. Even when Romantic artists like Géricault or Prud’hon imagined nature as a dangerous or mystical entity, the emphasis on the unique truthfulness of a child’s character continued to be a subject of great interest, especially when the scientific community recognized child psychology and pediatrics as their own fields of medical study in the early nineteenth century.
Compared to studies that have broadly surveyed the ideologies of childhood as reflected in art, my dissertation investigates the socio-historical contexts in which representations of children were commissioned, produced, and displayed. Why did revolutionary events, artists, and patrons appropriate images of the enlightened child? I propose that representations of children from this period offer indisputable symbolic value: they functioned emblematically to advance the morality of a woman’s reputation, or to philosophically communicate an idea about the state of French society during key moments of social and political upheaval. Through a study of images of pastoral children for Madame de Pompadour, representations of bourgeois children with pets, portrayals of the royal children during the French Revolution, and Romantic depictions of children in portraiture, my dissertation traces the socio-historical implications of the representations of children and childhood to make way for new interpretations of artworks.
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Chen, Yi. "The redefined centre, periphery and margin : the long-term interaction sphere of southern China 3000-221 BC." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:0ae8b337-7a65-427d-9a37-9be7f4d17f9c.
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This thesis investigates southern China as a part of dynamic and extensive interregional networks from the third to the first millennium BC and explores the changing roles of different southern regions within the interregional relationships. This was an important transitional period for southern China as it was the time when several prominent and farreaching innovations of technologies and material culture were made or adopted in the area. Four key sets of materials – rice, bronze, ceramics and jade – are examined with a World-system perspective to reveal interregional contacts in different directions and of different nature between southern China and a number of neighbouring regions. By stressing on local responses towards different technologies and material culture in different period, an alternative narrative to that stemmed from Chinese historiography is, therefore, suggested. Instead of being a passive and 'backward' periphery in the traditional sense, southern China presents diversification of material culture over time. Many of the mechanisms of transmission and circulation in the south are characterised by 'leaked' technologies and designs, as well as 'selective adoption' and local redevelopment of material culture.
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Loewen, Brad. "Les barriques de Red Bay et l'espace Atlantique septentrional, vers 1565." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape9/PQDD_0001/NQ43086.pdf.
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Guillon, Sebastien. "Dynamique de la végétation alluviale côtière dans le Sud-Est de la France (bassins versants du Loup et de la Cagne, Alpes-Maritimes) au cours de la première moitié de l' Holocène." Phd thesis, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01064064.
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Au cours de la première moitié de l'Holocène les conditions climatiques, eustatiques et anthropiques connaissent de nombreuses et importantes modifications. Parmi celles-ci, les données. Parmi celles-ci, les données régionales relatives au quart nord-ouest du bassin méditerranéen révèlent plusieurs variations pluriscalaires et significatives des conditions d'humidité ainsi que des températures. Parallèlement, la hausse du niveau marin enregistre des vitesses très élevées et la région de l'arc Liguro-Provençal voit l'installation des premières communautés agro-pastorales de la culture " Impressa ", en l'occurrence dès le début du 6ème millénaire cal. BCE. Afin de qualifier la réponse de la végétation alluviale côtière, entre la fin du 8ème et le 5ème millénaire, face à l'évolution de ces conditions, l'analyse pollinique à haute résolution de deux séquences sédimentaires alluviales (bassin du Loup et de la Cagne) à été réalisée. Grâce à une approche pluridisciplinaire (carpologie, ostracologie, sédimentologie...) et méthodologique inédite (analyse du transport pollinique fluviatile) les résultats montrent une évolution précise des écosystèmes végétaux côtiers et alluviaux. Au sein de cette évolution, la remontée du niveau marin joue un rôle fondamental comme en témoigne l'expansion littorale des aulnaies marécageuses. Le forçage climatique joue également un rôle important. Les étés plus humides du 6ème millénaire participe à la diffusion du sapin à basse altitude, alors que l'augmentation de la fréquence des sécheresses estivales enregistrées à partir du 5ème millénaire favorise le développement d'une végétation sclérophylle à bruyère arborescente. La néolithisation de la région participe également au façonnage des paysages littoraux. La récurrence du type pollinique Cerealia (gr. Hordeum) dès les premières décennies du 6ème millénaire atteste de l'importance des plaines alluviales côtières dans l'économie de production des premiers groupes néolithiques.
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Perrier, Amandine. "Le commerce maritime grec en Méditerranée orientale et en mer Noire aux Vème et IVème s. av. J.-C." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM3024.
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Dans le cadre de cette thèse en archéologie grecque, j’ai entrepris de travailler sur l’organisation du commerce maritime grec en Méditerranée orientale et en mer Noire aux Vème et IVème s. av. J.-C., et principalement sur la nature et l'intensité des échanges qui s'opéraient dans cette partie de la Méditerranée à l'époque. Pour mener à bien mon travail, j'ai constitué un nouveau catalogue des épaves grecques que j'ai ensuite confronté aux sources textuelles, épigraphiques, et archéologiques existantes. L'étude attentive des cargaisons des bateaux à laquelle je me livre participe à une meilleure compréhension des acteurs commerciaux de l'époque, des réseaux d'échanges et surtout du véritable rôle joué par AthènesIn this present thesis concerning Greek Archaeology, I undertook to work on the organization of Greek maritime commerce in Eastern Mediterranean and Black Sea during the 5th and 4th century BC. I worked mostly on the trade's nature and intensity occurring in this part of the Mediteranean in this time. In order to carry out my work properly, I established a new catalog of greek shipwrecks, that I then confront with textual, epigraphic and archaeological sources. The careful study of the ship's cargo takes part in a better understanding of the commercial actors, trading network and above all of the importance of Athens at this time
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Atterving, Emmy. "“She said she was called Theodore” : - A modality analysis of five transcendental saints in the 1260’s Legenda Aurea and 1430’s Gilte Legende." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Historiska institutionen, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-144052.
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This thesis explores modalities in two hagiographical collections from the late Middle Ages; the Legenda Aurea and the Gilte Legende by drawing inspiration from post-colonial hybridity theories.. It conducts a close textual analysis by studying the use of pronouns in five saints’ legends where female saints transcend traditional gender identities and become men, and focuses on how they transcend, live as men, and die. The study concludes that the use of pronouns is fluid in the Latin Legenda Aurea, while the Middle English Gilte Legende has more female pronouns and additions to the texts where the female identity of the saints is emphasised. This is interpreted as a sign of the feminisation of religious language in Europe during the late Middle Ages, and viewed parallel with the increase of holy women at that time. By doing this, it underlines the importance of new words and concepts when describing and understanding medieval views on gender.
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Cochran, Jennifer Lynn. "A diachronic perspective of marine shell use from structure B1 at Blackman Eddy, Belize." 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10106/1649.
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Κυριάκου, Μαρία. "Οι προτεινόμενες μέθοδοι εντοπισμού ενάλιων αρχαιοτήτων με γεωφυσικές μεθόδους". Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10889/5577.
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Η εργασία περιγράφει τις γεωφυσικές μεθόδους εντοπισμού ενάλιων αρχαιοτήτων και σε ορισμένα ναυάγια του κόσμου ποιες μέθοδοι χρησιμοποιήθηκαν. Τα όργανα που χρησιμοποιούνται συνήθως σε αυτές τις μεθόδους περιγράφονται μέσα στο κείμενο και είναιτο δορυφορικό σύστημα προσδιορισμού θέσης, το βυθόμετρο, ο τομογράφος υποδομής πυθμένα, η ηχοβολιστής πλευρικής σάρωσης, το θαλάσσιο μαγνητόμετρο και το κατευθυνόμενο βαθυσκάφος. Ακολούθως, περιγράφονται οι μέθοδοι που χρησιμοποιήθηκαν στο ναυάγιο του Μαζωτού, στη Λάρνακα Κύπρου, τον Απρίλιο του 2009, από την ομάδα ΕΘΑΓΕΦΩ, του Τμήματος Γεωλογίας του Πανεπιστημίου Πατρών. Η εργασία περιέχει, επίσης, φωτογραφικό υλικό από τα όργανα και το σκάφος όπου δούλευε η ομάδα.This document describes the geophysical methods to identify marine archaeological shipwrecks and what methods were used to some of the world's shipwrecks. The instruments commonly used in these methods are described in the text, such as geographic positioning system (GPS), the sonar, the sub-bottom profiler, the side-scan sonar, the marine magnetometer and the remotely operated vehicle. Also, it describes the methods that were used ih the shipwreck of Mazotos in Larnaca of Cyprus in April 2009, of the team of the Marine Geology and Physical Oceanography Laboratory, of Department of Geology, of Patras University. The document also includes photographs of the instruments and the boat where the team worked.
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MCCLEARY, KATHRYN. "A comparative paleolimnological assessment of the influences of early Arctic population groups on freshwater ecosystems from southern Baffin Island, Nunavut." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1974/6827.
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Recent paleolimnological research in the eastern Canadian high Arctic on the ecological impact of the Thule c.1000-1500 AD has documented the influence of prehistoric anthropogenic activities. Six lake and pond sites (three pairs) on the south-western coast of Baffin Island, Nunavut, were used to compare impacted and non-impacted sites in the southern-most region of Thule occupation, as well as to compare Thule occupation sites with sites occupied by another early Arctic population group, the Dorset. Tanfield 1 and Tanfield 2 (impacted and control, respectively) are adjacent to several multiple-occupation Dorset sites on Cape Tanfield; Juet 1 and 2 (impacted and control, respectively) are adjacent to a short-term occupation Dorset site on Juet Island; McKellar 1 is adjacent to a multiple-occupation Thule site near McKellar Bay. A nearby site (McKellar 2) was also studied, but it was clearly an anomalous, eutrophic site, rather than a control for McKellar 1. Diatom assemblages and sedimentary 15N profiles were analyzed in sediment cores from all study sites. Selected paired sediment intervals were AMS radiocarbon dated using both humic acids and terrestrial macrofossils in an attempt to establish basal dates for each core. Significant differences between several of the paired AMS radiocarbon dates serve as a cautionary note for dating Arctic sediments using either humic acids or terrestrial macrofossils. Paleolimnological analyses revealed that at both multiple-occupation sites (Tanfield 1 and McKellar 1), the activities of the Dorset and the Thule influenced lake ecology, while at the short-term occupation site (Juet 1), the Dorset occupation was not sufficiently large to have a discernible impact. McKellar 1 showed a greater impact compared to Tanfield 1, consistent with the intense marine mammal hunting by Thule at the former, compared to the moderate marine mammal hunting by Dorset at Tanfield 1. The origin of marine-derived nutrients at McKellar 2 could not be ascertained with certainty. The influence of early Arctic population groups remains obvious in present-day nutrient- and production-related water chemistry variables. This research points to the value of collaborations between paleolimnologists and archaeologists and may provide insight into the future implications of current anthropogenic activities in the Arctic.Thesis (Master, Biology) -- Queen's University, 2011-10-04 15:52:18.29
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Plourde, Michel. "L’exploitation du phoque dans le secteur de l’embouchure du Saguenay (Québec, Canada) par les Iroquoiens au Sylvicole supérieur(1000-1534 de notre ère)." Thèse, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/6151.
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Au cours du Sylvicole supérieur (1000-1500 AD), le secteur de l’embouchure du Saguenay aurait été exploité par des groupes Iroquoiens du Saint-Laurent en quête de ressources marines, et plus particulièrement du phoque. Ces groupes provenaient vraisemblablement de la région de Québec où se trouvaient leurs camps de base et auraient ainsi développé une forme d’adaptation aux ressources marines de l’estuaire, faisant d’eux les groupes iroquoiens les plus mobiles de toute la vallée du Saint-Laurent. Dans cette étude, nous proposons que l’exploitation des mammifères marins fût pratiquée en deux temps, d’abord au printemps, lors de courtes périodes par des contignents de chasseurs masculins attirés par le phoque du Groenland et puis en été, par des familles entières profitant de la présence de phoques gris et commun. Les pinnipèdes étaient probablement traqués sur la batture ou sur les glaces et abattus à la hache ou à l’arc et à la flèche. Puisque les résidus alimentaires retrouvés dans les vases de cuisson étaient surtout composés de poissons et de mammifères terrestres, il est supposé que des sous-produits de la chasse au phoque aient été rapportés dans la région de Québec et utilisés comme réserve de nourriture, comme matière première ou comme monnaie d’échange. Nous défendons également l’hypothèse que ces excursions dans l’estuaire n’étaient pas nécessairement liées à la précarité de l’agriculture dans la région de Québec puisque cette pratique aurait été adoptée tardivement, soit après 1300 AD et peut être même à partir de 1400 AD. Les données sont issues de six sites ayant fait l’objet de fouilles répartis sur une bande littorale de 40 km de longueur. Il s’agit des sites Ouellet (DaEk-6), Anse-aux-Pilotes IV (DbEj-7), Cap-de-Bon-Désir (109G), Site archéologique des Basques-de-l’Anse-à-la-Cave (DbEi-5), Pointe-à-Crapaud (DbEi-2) et Escoumins I (DcEi-1).During the Late Woodland period (AD 1000-1500), the area of the mouth of the Saguenay River was exploited by groups of St. Lawrence Iroquoians in search of marine resources, especially seals. These groups probably originated from the Quebec City region where their villages and permanent settlements were and thus developed a form of adaptation to the marine resources of the Estuary, making them the most mobile Iroquoian group in the St. Lawrence Valley. In this study, we propose that the exploitation of marine mammals was practiced in two stages, first in the Spring, during short periods by male hunters attracted by Harp seals and then in summer, by whole families taking advantage of gray and common seals. Pinnipeds were probably hunted on the foreshore or on the ice pack, with an ax or bow and arrow. Since the dishes cooked in the vessels consisted mainly of fish and land mammals, it is assumed that seal by-products were brought back in the Quebec City region and used as supplies, as raw material or as goods to exchange. We also propose the hypothesis that these excursions into the Estuary were not necessarily related to the precariousness of agriculture in the region of Quebec, since this practice was adopted later, after AD 1300 and perhaps even after AD 1400. The data used in this thesis are derived mainly from six sites located on a coastal strip extending over nearly 40 km. These sites are Ouellet (DaEk-6), Anse-aux-Pilotes-IV (DbEj-7), Cap-de-Bon-Désir (109G), site archéologique des Basques-de-l'Anse-à-la-Cave (DbEi-5), Pointe-à-Crapaud (DbEi-2) and Escoumins I (DcEi-1).
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Carter, Christopher Paul. "The Economy of Prehistoric Northern Chile: Case Study Caleta Vitor." Phd thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/110371.
Full textAbstract:
Despite being within one of the driest deserts on earth, the
coast of southern Peru and northern Chile has been inhabited by
humans for over 10,000 years. Within a limited range of habitats,
local cultures were characterised by an economy based on limited
terrestrial and abundant marine resources. This thesis intends to
address the question as to how such an economy can be defined.
By examining the economic trajectory of coastal communities, this
project will attempt to establish the base from which the local
economy was originally derived and how it developed through time,
looking particularly at the effects of migration and trade
together with the dynamics of a distinctive environment and the
cycles of El Niño weather patterns.
This research was based on a collection of archaeological
material obtained from a number of sites at Caleta Vitor located
on the coast approximately 30km south of Arica, Chile. This
material was excavated from middens and includes food remains (eg
shell, bone, plant material) as well as cultural material (eg
lithic artefacts, textiles, ceramics, wooden implements). The
analysis of this data was directed toward an understanding of
what constituted the earliest economy, when this occurred and how
the economy changed through time (the material at Caleta Vitor
ranges in age from the Early Archaic (>9000 cal BP) through to
the Colonial Period).
Findings indicate that although the original inhabitants of
Caleta Vitor arrived from the north and already had a
well-developed economy based on marine resources. There was
little evidence of inland/highland contact during the earlier
phases of occupation. Cultural developments accord with those of
the sites immediately to the north and south – around Arica and
the Azapa Valley and south at Camarones and Pisagua. The
termination of the early cultural phase known as the Chinchorro
saw the introduction of ceramics, simple textiles and major
changes to funerary practices during the Formative Period. Later
developments included the introduction of a material culture and
agricultural products from highland groups and local inland
polities during the Late Intermediate. Inka influence was noted
during the Late Period. However, despite significant cultural
shifts, the economy at Caleta Vitor remained focussed on marine
resources. There were relatively few changes to the techniques
and technology that were employed to exploit a range of resources
that did not vary to any great degree.
Over time, an increasing range of products became available to
those living at Caleta Vitor. However, they chose to remain
focussed on the sea and their affinity with it remains.
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Σούρα, Κωνσταντίνα. "Εφαρμογές των θαλάσσιων γεωφυσικών μεθόδων στην ενάλια αρχαιολογία: Νήσος Pag, Κροατία". Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10889/6332.
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Η σύγχρονη υφαλοκρηπίδα διατηρεί πολύτιμα αρχεία καταγραφής της ανθρώπινης ιστορίας, ως συνέπεια της επίκλυσης της θάλασσας σε μεγάλο τμήμα της χέρσου μετά το τέλος της τελευταίας παγετωνικής περιόδου. Επιπλέον, ο θαλάσσιος πυθμένας βρίθει ενδείξεων για τις ναυτικές δραστηριότητες του παρελθόντος, συχνά σε βάθη που ξεπερνούν το ανώτατο όριο αυτόνομης κατάδυσης. Οι θαλάσσιες γεωφυσικές μέθοδοι εφαρμόζονται με επιτυχία στην ενάλια αρχαιολογία, καταργώντας τους περιορισμούς και απλοποιώντας σημαντικά τις συμβατικές μεθόδους υποβρύχιας έρευνας. Συγκεκριμένα, χρησιμοποιούνται στον ακριβή εντοπισμό σε οποιοδήποτε βάθος και στη λεπτομερή χαρτογράφηση σε σύντομο χρονικό διάστημα (α) αρχαίων ναυαγίων και (β) καταβυθισμένων ανθρωπογενών κατασκευών και παλαιοακτών στην επιφάνεια του πυθμένα ή θαμμένων κάτω από χαλαρά ιζήματα. Μέσω αυτών επιτυγχάνεται η παλαιογεωγραφική ανάπλαση παράκτιων περιοχών.
Στην παρούσα εργασία παρουσιάζονται τα προκαταρκτικά αποτελέσματα της θαλάσσιας γεωφυσικής έρευνας που πραγματοποίησε το 2012 το Ε.ΘΑ.ΓΕ.Φ.Ω. του Πανεπιστημίου Πατρών στον κόλπο Caska της νήσου Pag στην Κροατία, με τη χρήση τομογράφου υποδομής πυθμένα 3.5kHz υψηλής διακριτικής ικανότητας και ηχοβολιστή πλευρικής σάρωσης E.G&G 272TD διπλής συχνότητας (100 & 500 kHz), στο πλαίσιο του γεω-αρχαιολογικού ερευνητικού προγράμματος “Cissa Antiqua” που διεξάγει το Πανεπιστήμιο του Zadar σε συνεργασία με το Centre Camille Jullian (CNRS). Στις σεισμικές τομογραφίες αναγνωρίστηκαν τρεις σεισμικές ενότητες πρόσφατων ιζημάτων πάχους 12μ. που επικάθονται στο ήπια πτυχωμένο γεωλογικό υπόβαθρο. Σύμφωνα με τη σεισμική στρωματογραφία και τη σύγχρονη παράκτια γεωμορφολογία της περιοχής, προτείνεται η ύπαρξη συνθηκών απόθεσης γλυκού και υφάλμυρου νερού πριν από τη σταδιακή επίκλυση της θάλασσας στον κόλπο της Caska κατά το Ολόκαινο. Επιπλέον, τα τελευταία 2.000 χρόνια διαπιστώνεται στην περιοχή μια επεισοδιακή συν-σεισμική καταβύθιση. Τέλος, η ταξινόμηση με το λογισμικό TargAn και η στατιστική ανάλυση των στόχων που αναγνωρίστηκαν στην επιφάνεια του πυθμένα, ανέδειξε έξι στόχους πιθανού αρχαιολογικού ενδιαφέροντος που προτείνονται για οπτική επαλήθευση.Marine geophysical techniques can be successfully applied to underwater archaeology, speeding up survey and making it possible to detect features of archaeological interest lying on the seafloor or embedded in sediments even beyond conventional diving limits. There are two general approaches regarding the application of these techniques in underwater archaeology: they are being used to identify, locate and map (a) ancient shipwrecks and (b) submerged sites of archaeological interest (ancient settlements, ports, man-made structures and palaeo-shorelines), thus enabling the palaeogeographic reconstruction of coastal areas. The applicability of marine remote sensing techniques in underwater archaeology is high-lighted through the current study case. In the framework of the geo-archaeological research project “Cissa Antiqua”, directed by the University of Zadar and Centre Camille Jullian (CNRS) a detailed marine remote sensing survey was carried out by the Laboratory of Marine Geology and Physical Oceanography of the University of Patras in Caska bay, Pag island, Croatia. The data collected by high resolution 3.5kHz subbottom profiling and towed E.G&G dual frequency (100 & 500kHz) side-scan sonar system have been analysed for the objectives of this study. According to the 3.5kHz profiles, the upper 12m of sediments consist of three distinct seismic sequences overlapping the gentle folded acoustic basement. The results of the seismic data in correlation to the present coastal geomorphology of the area suggest that these sequences correspond to phases of inundation by brackish water, before sea-water flooded the gulf, as consequence of the rapid sea-level rise of the Holocene. Furthermore, archaeological and geological data of the area suggest an episodical co-seismic submergence during the last 2 kyrs. The side-scan sonar survey revealed a large number of targets lying on the seafloor. Six of them have been selected by TargaAn software as targets of potential archaeological interest.
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Mailhot, Étienne. "2000 ans d’occupation préhistorique sur l’Ile Verte : les traditions céramiques, l’organisation de la technologie lithique et les réseaux d’interactions au Sylvicole moyen." Thèse, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/20664.
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Laroche, Carolyne. "Étude de la cargaison et du mobilier de l’épave Pointe de Pomègues 1 : un exemple de relation commerciale entre Rome et la Gaule." Thèse, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/22012.
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Bourgela, Samuel. "Les céramiques et les réseaux maritimes du fort de Ville-Marie, Montréal, 1642-1688." Thèse, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/21572.
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Crépin, Magali. "Étude de «marqueurs d’activités» au sein de deux populations historiques de la Vallée du Saint Laurent : analyses des observations macroscopiques et essais d’interprétations en lien avec des milieux contrastés (urbain versus rural)." Thèse, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/20019.
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