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1
Cadiou, Gwenaël, Charles F. Boudouresque, Patrick Bonhomme, and Laurence Le Diréach. "The management of artisanal fishing within the Marine Protected Area of the Port-Cros National Park (northwest Mediterranean Sea): a success story?" ICES Journal of Marine Science 66, no. 1 (December 1, 2008): 41–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsn188.
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Abstract Cadiou, G., Boudouresque, C. F., Bonhomme, P., and Le Diréach, L. 2009. The management of artisanal fishing within the Marine Protected Area of the Port-Cros National Park (northwest Mediterranean Sea): a success story? – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 66: 41–49. The Port-Cros National Park, France (northwest Mediterranean Sea), established in 1963, is a Marine Protected Area (MPA) where, unlike no-take areas, artisanal fishing has been permitted (except trawling), owing to social and economic pressures. Nevertheless, restrictions on artisanal fishing have increased through a fishing charter (1999). In the meantime, recreational fishing was progressively banned, which has helped as a management tool to make the restrictions on artisanal fishing acceptable in social terms. Monitoring of the artisanal fishing (2000–2005) reveals the stability of the fishing fleet (9–13 vessels); of the fishing effort [number of fishing sets per day between 3.4 (±2.1) and 6.9 (±3.4) in spring, and 3.0 (±1.7) and 5.2 (±2.7) in summer]; and of yields [catch per unit effort between 1.27 (±0.72) and 1.68 (±1.44) kg 100 m of net−1 d−1]. Furthermore, based on an analysis of available data, artisanal fishing does not jeopardize the conservation objectives of the MPA, so that, from 1963 to date, the issue has changed from “What can be done to ban commercial fishing?” to “Is there any reason to ban commercial fishing?”.
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GOÑI, RAQUEL, NICHOLAS V. C. POLUNIN, and SERGE PLANES. "The Mediterranean: marine protected areas and the recovery of a large marine ecosystem." Environmental Conservation 27, no. 2 (June 2000): 95–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892900000126.
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In the Mediterranean, fishing is an ancient tradition and signs of its presence can be found everywhere along its coasts. In early times, most fishing was carried out from land with small nets and traps and only a portion of the fishing operations was carried out from boats away from the coast. Over time, growth of human populations along the Mediterranean coasts led to the expansion of sea fishing and gradual depletion of many near-shore stocks. Until recently, fishing in the Mediterranean retained its artisanal character. The type of small vessels, the fishing gears and labour-intensive character of the operations had changed little from generation to generation. However, some fishing practices benefited greatly from the advent of new technologies, such as those that replaced sails by powered engines, or the incorporation of fish-finding devices and efficient gear-handling techniques. These developments added to a growing market demand from the booming Mediterranean population, and led to overfishing of the most vulnerable target populations.
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Rousseau, Yannick, Reg A. Watson, Julia L. Blanchard, and Elizabeth A. Fulton. "Evolution of global marine fishing fleets and the response of fished resources." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, no. 25 (May 28, 2019): 12238–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1820344116.
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Previous reconstructions of marine fishing fleets have aggregated data without regard to the artisanal and industrial sectors. Engine power has often been estimated from subsets of the developed world, leading to inflated results. We disaggregated data into three sectors, artisanal (unpowered/powered) and industrial, and reconstructed the evolution of the fleet and its fishing effort. We found that the global fishing fleet doubled between 1950 and 2015—from 1.7 to 3.7 million vessels. This has been driven by substantial expansion of the motorized fleet, particularly, of the powered-artisanal fleet. By 2015, 68% of the global fishing fleet was motorized. Although the global fleet is dominated by small powered vessels under 50 kW, they contribute only 27% of the global engine power, which has increased from 25 to 145 GW (combined powered-artisanal and industrial fleets). Alongside an expansion of the fleets, the effective catch per unit of effort (CPUE) has consistently decreased since 1950, showing the increasing pressure of fisheries on ocean resources. The effective CPUE of most countries in 2015 was a fifth of its 1950s value, which was compared with a global decline in abundance. There are signs, however, of stabilization and more effective management in recent years, with a reduction in fleet sizes in developed countries. Based on historical patterns and allowing for the slowing rate of expansion, 1 million more motorized vessels could join the global fleet by midcentury as developing countries continue to transition away from subsistence fisheries, challenging sustainable use of fisheries' resources.
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Rocklin, Delphine, Marie-Catherine Santoni, Jean-Michel Culioli, Jean-Antoine Tomasini, Dominique Pelletier, and David Mouillot. "Changes in the catch composition of artisanal fisheries attributable to dolphin depredation in a Mediterranean marine reserve." ICES Journal of Marine Science 66, no. 4 (March 11, 2009): 699–707. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsp036.
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AbstractRocklin, D., Santoni, M-C., Culioli, J-M., Tomasini, J-A., Pelletier, D., and Mouillot, D. 2009. Changes in the catch composition of artisanal fisheries attributable to dolphin depredation in a Mediterranean marine reserve. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 66: 699–707. There is increasing evidence from previous studies, and from fishers’ observations, that coastal dolphins use fishing nets as an easily accessible feeding source, damaging or depredating fish caught in the nets. This study investigates the impact of dolphin depredation on artisanal trammelnets by analysing the catch composition of 614 artisanal fishing operations in the Bonifacio Strait Natural Reserve (France). Common bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) attacked, on average, 12.4% of the nets and damaged 8.3% of the catch. However, attacked nets were characterized by statistically significantly higher catch per unit effort than unattacked ones. Catch composition also differed significantly after dolphin attacks; bentho-pelagic fish were more represented and reef-associated fish less represented. Our results suggest that (i) dolphins are attracted by high fish densities in the fishing area and/or nets, and (ii) their attacks induce specific fish-avoidance behaviour, according to the fish position in the water column. Although dolphins depredate a small part of the catch, damage to nets, not yet assessed in this area, could weaken the benefits that reserves can provide to artisanal fisheries.
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Forcada, Aitor, Carlos Valle, José L. Sánchez-Lizaso, Just T. Bayle-Sempere, and Fabio Corsi. "Structure and spatio-temporal dynamics of artisanal fisheries around a Mediterranean marine protected area." ICES Journal of Marine Science 67, no. 2 (October 26, 2009): 191–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsp234.
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Abstract Forcada, A., Valle, C., Sánchez-Lizaso, J. L., Bayle-Sempere, J. T., and Corsi, F. 2010. Structure and spatio-temporal dynamics of artisanal fisheries around a Mediterranean marine protected area. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 67: 191–203. Marine protected areas (MPAs) have been proposed and established throughout the world, but few studies have adequately assessed the spatial adaptations of fishers to the limitations imposed by their placement. The main objectives of this work were to identify and describe the characteristics of the artisanal fisheries around Tabarca Marine Reserve (western Mediterranean Sea) and to define their activity in space and time. Data were collected through questionnaires to fishers and onboard sampling. The artisanal fisheries were complex owing to the multispecific nature of the landings, the variety of gears involved, and their marked seasonality. All boats of the three harbours around the MPA were assessed, for a total of 32 boats. The fishers exploit 18 fishing grounds with eight gear types, for a total of 17 métiers. Mullus trammelnet, Sepia trammelnet, and sparid longline are the most frequently used métiers. The main factors determining the spatial distribution of the fishing effort are proximity to home harbour, habitat heterogeneity, and closeness to the MPA. Total fishing effort appeared slightly concentrated around the MPA, but each métier showed different patterns of effort distribution. Although the sparid gillnet and the sparid longline concentrated along MPA boundaries, the Sepia trammelnet and the Mullus trammelnet did not.
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Roy, Pradip. "A Comparative Social Study among Artisanal Subsistence Marine Fishers of Sundarbans, Paradeep and Chennai." Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education (TURCOMAT) 12, no. 2 (April 11, 2021): 1931–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/turcomat.v12i2.1774.
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This paper does a comparative study of the socio-economic condition of the artisanal subsistence marine fishers of the three locations of India namely Sundarbans, Chennai and Paradeep. The small-scale artisanal marine fishers of Chandrapur, Gobindapur, Kalinagar, Ganeshpur villages of Kakdwip Subdivision, Sundarbans along with that of Badakalikhada, Bijaychandrapur, Light House and Kharinali, of Paradeep and Nochi Nagar, Light House, Foreshore Estate, Mandaveli, Mylapore of Chennai were asked the standardised questions. Sundarbans, Paradeep and Chennai have three distinct socio-economic conditions prevailing due to the privatisation of the fishery industry and the distinct difference in income.The purpose of this study is to find the socio-economic condition of the artisanal marine fishers of the Sundarbans, Paradeep and Chennai. A descriptive rapid sampling method has been followed, where the fishers have been questioned about their respective socio-economic status. The paper studies the income difference and the effect of the usages of motorised boats in two three-year slots 2015-2018 and 2018-2020 affluence due to more exposure to the technical changes. The study found that the Chennai fishers were more adept to take the advantage of the new technologies of marine fishing thus far more economical stable, the Paradeep fishers were second in economic stability due to their comparative adaptability. The Sundarbans fishers were least adept with the technological changes in marine fishing, consequently they are least affluent.
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Díaz Vega, Juan Pablo, and Yarela Flores Arévalo. "Evaluating marine reserves as a management policy in the central-southern anchovy (Engraulis ringens) fishery of Chile." Latin American Journal of Aquatic Research 49, no. 2 (May 3, 2021): 212–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3856/vol49-issue2-fulltext-2614.
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The anchovy (Engraulis ringens) fishery in central-southern Chile, like many fisheries worldwide, is overexploitation mainly due to poor and short-term management by fishing authorities and communities. This study proposes and evaluates marine reserves as a possible tool to apply since there is a current marine reserve law in Chile. The study's methodology is the simulation of a bioeconomic model that includes two areas: one is the protected, and the other is the artisanal fishing, in which the protected area transfers biomass to the artisanal fishing area. The reserve is incorporated as a decision variable in the management of this resource. It is determined as a percentage of protection of the total fish population related to fishing effort, which quantifies and evaluates the impact of protecting a stock of parental fish on the fishery's sustainability. Biomass data used is from 2000-2006, during which the anchovy fishery was fully exploited. The carrying capacity and intrinsic growth rate are estimated, and biomass is projected at different protection and effort levels. Results show that if a marine reserve with a protection level of 30% had been applied as a management policy in the anchovy fishery of central-southern Chile in the early 2000s, the fishing activity would be in a state of full exploitation rather than overexploitation as it is today. This model's fundamental contribution is that it makes possible fishery evaluation with real data from the same fishing activity.
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Watson, Maggie, Dave Righton, Tim Austin, and Rupert Ormond. "The Effects of Fishing on Coral Reef Fish Abundance and Diversity." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 76, no. 1 (February 1996): 229–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315400029179.
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The effect of artisanal fishing on the abundance and diversity of coral reef fish assemblages was investigated in the Kisite Marine National Park and Mpunguti Marine National Reserve at Shimoni, Kenya. Fishing is prohibited within the Park whereas in the Reserve artisanal fishing using traditional methods is practised. Visual censuses of six representative reef fish families (Chaetodontidae, Lethrinidae, Lutjanidae and Serranidae in 1992 and 1994, and Labridae and Pomacentridae in 1994 only) were undertaken along 250×10 m band transects on two similar pairs of reefs subject to differing fishing pressure. The abundance of commercial species (Lethrinidae, Lutjanidae and Serranidae) was depressed in the Reserve. The unfished butterflyfishes (Chaetodontidae) and damselfishes (Pomacentridae) also showed a greater abundance in the Park than in the Reserve. However, neither species number nor Shannon diversity (H′) of any of these families was affected by fishing pressure. Possible reasons for these findings are discussed. The abundance of commercial species, though not of non-commercial unfished species, increased significantly in the Reserve between 1992 and 1994, suggesting that the unfished Park may be acting as a source of larvae or supply of emigrating adults for the depleted Reserve. The results are comparable with other recent studies describing the effects of fishing pressure and also with those studies detailing the effects of habitat refugia in coral reef areas.
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Ruttenberg, Benjamin I. "Effects of Artisanal Fishing on Marine Communities in the Galápagos Islands." Conservation Biology 15, no. 6 (December 14, 2001): 1691–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1523-1739.2001.99556.x.
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Atindana, Sandra Akugpoka, Patrick Kwabena Ofori-Danson, and Sandra Brucet. "Modelling the effects of climate change on shellfish production in marine artisanal fisheries of Ghana." AAS Open Research 2 (May 22, 2019): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/aasopenres.12956.1.
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Background: Ghana’s marine artisanal fisheries, particularly the small pelagic fisheries, are in a state of crisis. The decline in the number of small pelagic fish are attributable to overfishing, climate variability and unsustainable fishing methods. Similarly, in the wake of climate change, shellfishes (particularly oysters, scallops and mussels) are highly vulnerable. Methods: A total of 55 years’ worth of data from Ghana’s marine artisanal fisheries were studied in relation to climate indices. The primary objective was to develop a simple linear regression model for predicting shellfish catch in Ghana. Key informant interviews were employed in soliciting data on changes in climate along the coastline and trends in marine artisanal shell fish catch. Results: The predictor variable that significantly explained shellfish production was temperature. Hence, the model is a valuable tool to predict future trends in the shellfish catch in marine artisanal fisheries. Conclusions: Increases in sea surface temperature will adversely affect shellfish production. It is therefore important that the Ministry of Fisheries and Aquaculture Development and other stakeholders should, in their decision-making processes, ensure the formulation of climate smart policies and management strategies for sustainable use of the resource.
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Nyawade, Okinyi B., Pamella Were-Kogogo, Phanuel Owiti, Harriet Osimbo, and Adero O. Daniel. "Elusive fish catch and vulnerable livelihoods: Status of fishing and fisheries industry among marine south coast communities of Kwale, Kenya." Archives of Agriculture and Environmental Science 6, no. 2 (June 25, 2021): 149–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.26832/24566632.2021.060206.
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The aim of this study was to examine the status in fishing and fisheries industry among marine coastal communities of Kwale along Kenyan coast. In this study, we used a cross-sectional descriptive survey design to examine trends in fish and fisheries resources productivity and diversity and the types of fishing vessels and gears used by fishermen among marine Kwale communities. Quantitative data was collected using household survey questionnaires among fisherfolk households randomly selected from two subcounties in Kwale. Key informant interviews and focus group discussions were conducted on purposively sampled respondents to generate qualitative data to corroborate the quantitative survey data. Study established that fishing is still the principal source of livelihood, with 31% of people engaged in fishing as their main source of livelihood and being mainly artisanal fishers. There is a declining trend in fish productivity and diversity during the period 2014 to 2019. Out of all fisherfolks, 96.6% of fishers are commercial artisanal fishermen, selling their fish to different groups. The most preferred fishing vessel is wooden row boats (dhow) at 66.3% preference. There is a general decline in fish productivity within fishing grounds based on catches, indicated by 84.9% of the survey respondents. There is a general decline in fish abundance and diversity among coastal Kwale as indicated by 70.6% of respondents. Eleven (11) types of simple traditional fishing gears were identified, with majority (32%) of fishers preferring handline/hook (Mshipi) as their most preferred type of fishing gear. Destructive fishing gears such as spear guns are still in use despite the government regulations. This study concludes that fishing and fisheries resources among marine communities in Kwale of Kenyan coast is in a general declining trend in terms of productivity, abundance and diversity. This signals excess pressure on fishing resources, requiring immediate effective management strategies to contribute to sustainable marine ecosystems resources utilization. The study recommends enforcement of effective management strategies on fishing and fisheries resources through effective policy formulation and enforcement as well as awareness creation and a mind shift among communities towards alternative livelihood sources to reduce pressure on fish stock.
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Suazo, Cristián G., Roberto P. Schlatter, Aldo M. Arriagada, Luis A. Cabezas, and Jaime Ojeda. "Fishermen's perceptions of interactions between seabirds and artisanal fisheries in the Chonos archipelago, Chilean Patagonia." Oryx 47, no. 2 (April 2013): 184–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605311001815.
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AbstractInteractions between seabirds and commercial fishing activities have been well documented but little information is available regarding the impacts of more traditional fishing practices on seabird populations. We interviewed fishermen, administered questionnaires, and made field-based observations to determine the extent to which artisanal fisheries interact with and affect seabirds in the fjords and channels of the Chonos archipelago in southern Chile. Our surveys indicated a positive perception of seabirds as useful indicators of marine productivity and in their role scavenging fish waste and discards associated with fishing operations. However, the surveys also revealed that fishermen routinely establish seasonal camps for collecting seabird eggs and adults for food or bait and introduce feral predators to seabird breeding colonies on islands. Understanding the traditional practices of fishermen is critical for the future of community-based conservation of the region's marine resources and biodiversity.
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Ghosh, SK, MK Ahsan, MK Ahmmed, SI Ahmed, MM Hasan, and M. Kamal. "Catch assessment of artisanal marine fishing gears in Coxs Bazar and Teknaf of Bangladesh." Progressive Agriculture 27, no. 2 (August 17, 2016): 228–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pa.v27i2.29335.
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Studies were conducted on catch assessment of some artisanal marine fishing gears operated in Coxs Bazar and Teknaf areas from April 2014 to April 2015. Sixteen types of fishing gears were identified, of which gill net, beach seine net, estuarine set bag net, marine set bag net and trammel net occupy major fishing activities. Although estuarine set bag net (ESBN) is a legally restricted fishing gear recorded the highest catch per unit effort (CPUE) (110 kg/gear/day) in July followed by marine set bag net (MSBN) (105 kg/gear/day) in Coxs Bazar and the highest CPUE was recorded 100 kg/gear/day by ESBN in June followed by MSBN (90 kg/gear/day) in Teknaf. Out of 52 species of fishes, the major fish species abundantly caught by these gears were Poa (Otolithoides argenteus), Churi (Trichiurus haumela), Loittya (Harpadon nehereus), Ranga choukha (Lutjanus johni), Lal poa (Johnius argentatus), Olua (Coilia dussumieri), Rup chanda (Stromateus chinensis), (Stromateus argenteus) and Ilish (Tenualosa ilisha). Besides these fish species, 10 commercially important shrimp species and 3 important crab species were also recorded during the study period. The peak season of availability of most fish species was June and July while lean season was December and January. This study indicated that Otolithoides argenteus) was the dominant fish species followed by Trichiurus haumela, Harpadon nehereus and Coilia dussumieri.Progressive Agriculture 27 (2): 228-234, 2016
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Dzoga, Mumini, Danny Simatele, and Cosmas Munga. "Characterisation of artisanal catches in selected fishing areas of the Lower Tana Delta and Malindi-Ungwana Bay, Kenya." Western Indian Ocean Journal of Marine Science 19, no. 1 (October 29, 2020): 45–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/wiojms.v19i1.4.
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Shore-based assessment of fisheries resources in Ngomeni, Kipini and Ozi fishing areas of Malindi-Ungwana Bay and the Lower Tana Delta on the north coast of Kenya was conducted from January to December 2017 to establish catch composition, species richness, and fishing effort (catch-rate, number and types of fishing gears and crafts) in the marine, estuarine and riverine habitats. Distinct catch composition (R = 0.27, P < 0.05) was observed across the three habitats. Catch composition differed significantly spatially and seasonally across the three fishing areas, and between the north east (NE) and south east (SE) monsoon seasons (R = 0.332, P < 0.05). The wolf herring, Chirocentrus dorab, was the most abundant fish species in Ngomeni, centrally located in Malindi-Ungwana Bay, while the catfishes, Arius africanus and Clarias gariepinus, were the most abundant species in Kipini and Ozi, respectively. Gillnets operated from dhows (mashua) and fibre-reinforced plastic (FRP) boats in Ngomeni (marine), and canoes using-basket traps in Ozi (riverine), landed significantly larger Spanish mackerel, Scomberomorus commerson, and sea catfish, Arius africanus (Kruskal Wallis test: Df = 2; F = 197.141; p < 0.001; Df = 2, F = 490, p < 0.001), respectively. Species diversity by area in combination with habitat and type of fishing craft showed higher diversity for Ngomeni in the marine habitat with mashua fishing crafts than in Kipini. Significantly different catch rates (Df = 2, F = 10.43, p<0.001; Df = 1, F = 5.897, p < 0.021) were observed in the three (3) fishing areas and during the NE monsoon and the SE monsoon, respectively. Canoes were the most common fishing craft used, especially in Ngomeni, accounting for 37.1%, and 97.5% in Ozi, while mashua crafts accounted for 44.5% of the total fishing craft in Kipini. Monofilament nets were most common in Ngomeni (34.0%) while basket traps dominated the Ozi site at 63.6%. The Kipini area was dominated by handlines (28.8%). It is therefore evident that the three (3) fishing areas of the Malindi-Ungwana Bay and Lower Tana Delta showed significant differences in catch composition and size of fish caught, attributed partly to the variation in habitat types and fishing methods between the sites. Overall, the Ngomeni area was characterized by more advanced fishing craft with the majority powered by engines, including mashua and FRP boats, compared to Kipini and Ozi fishing areas where canoes were dominant.
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BOUBEKRI, IBRAHIM, ALEX JAMES CAVEEN, ABDALLAH BORHANE DJEBAR, RACHID AMARA, and HUBERT MAZUREK. "Structure and spatio-temporal dynamics of the artisanal small-scale fisheries at the future MPA of “Taza” (Algerian coast, SW Mediterranean)." Mediterranean Marine Science 19, no. 3 (November 22, 2018): 555. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/mms.16192.
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Artisanal Small-Scale Fisheries (SSFs) are a primordial and very diverse activity in the Mediterranean, also within Marine Protected Areas (MPAs). This diversity is explained in terms of target species, gears, and fishing strategies. The main objective of this work was to investigate the spatio-temporal dynamics of artisanal SSFs of the future MPA of “Taza” (Algeria, SW Mediterranean). Data were collected through direct assessment of daily landings and using questionnaires. They were the subject of multivariate analyses that allowed us to identify the métiers practiced by artisanal fishers. During the one year (May 2013 to April 2014) field work period, 1330 fishing trips and 1613 fishing operations in 16 fishing grounds were recorded in the Ziama fishing harbor, where 15.2 tons of total catch was assessed. Our results show that, in the study area, the boats are predominantly gillnetters and that among the five métiers characterized by target species, gear type, fishing grounds, and fishing seasons, two métiers (“Mullus surmuletus trammel net” and “Sparids monofilament gillnet”) are practiced throughout the year, while the remaining three (“Sarda sarda driftnet”, “Merluccius merluccius set gillnet”, and “Pagellus set gillnet”) are specific to a determined period of the year. The ‘Mullus surmuletus trammel net’ métier represents 40% of the total fishing operations, of which 57.5% are carried out in the coastal sector at - 25 m. This study could contribute to defining the appropriate management approaches for SSFs in the future MPA of “Taza” by providing baseline information to build a sound management plan. In Algeria, it will certainly serve as a scientific reference in terms of zoning, protection of biodiversity, and specific monitoring at particular locations and periods of the year for the sustainable management of MPAs.
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Castro, José J., Esther Divovich, Alicia Delgado de Molina Acevedo, Antonio Barrera-Luján, and Rodrigo Riera. "Reconstruction of marine small-scale fisheries captures in the Canary Islands (NE Atlantic Ocean) from 1950 to 2010." Scientia Marina 83, no. 1 (March 26, 2019): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/scimar.04837.18a.
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Total marine fisheries catches within the exclusive economic zone of the Canary Islands, Spain, were reconstructed to include catches from the various small-scale artisanal fleets and their discards, as well as subsistence, recreational and other unreported catch. Total reconstructed catch was estimated at 38600 t in 1950, increasing to 81200 t in 1985, declining to approximately 43700 t year–1 in the early 2000s, and finally spiking to about 65300 t year–1 by the late 2000s. These catches coincide with a severe depletion of fish stocks, especially those of demersal species, due in part to fishing overcapacity in the artisanal sector, despite attempts to limit effort by the government. Spain only started to report catches to the FAO in 2006, and from 2006 to 2010 reconstructed catch was seven times the reported catch. Nearly 70% of this catch was from the recreational fishing sector, due in part to technological advancements and increased investments in the construction and improvement of secondary ports.
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MENDONÇA, JOCEMAR T., and ALINEIDE L. C. PEREIRA. "Management of gillnet fisheries in the south coast of the state of São Paulo, Brazil." Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências 86, no. 3 (September 2014): 1227–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765201420130139.
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Gillnetting is one of the most practiced fishing methods adopted in the South of Brazil and has been increasingly expanding over the last years. This paper presents the characterization of the activity and discusses its management, in accordance to results from the discussions on the development of regulations on net fisheries in the South Coast Marine Protected Area (APAMLS) in the state of São Paulo. Gillnet fleets are formed by small-scale boats, with low autonomy, and lower fishing capacity, when compared to boats from other ports in the South and Southeast. However, the number of fishing units is high, reaching 1,709 units operating in the South coast of São Paulo in 2010. This kind of fleet uses several types of gillnets, and the activity may be classified according to the fishery type (industrial, coastal artisanal and estuarine artisanal). The activity was discussed in the APAMLS and the fishing industry, with the participation of all segments, and a proposal for gillnetting regulation was reached. The results suggested that gillnet length for industrial fisheries should be reduced by 30%. It must be emphasized that without effective inspection measures leading the fishing industry to believe in the enforcement of the proposal, private interests of the most influential political sectors may cause the process to retrocede.
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López, Johann, and Andrea Contreras. "Payment scheme for environmental services as a management strategy to regulate artisanal fishing in the Integrated Management District Cispata, Colombia." Boletín de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras 50, no. 1 (June 30, 2021): 179–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.25268/bimc.invemar.2021.50.1.1010.
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Marine and coastal ecosystems are characterized as highly productive areas in terms of the benefits they provide to humanity, with food provision being one of the most important. In 2018, in the Cispata Integrated Management District (DMI Cispata), due to the decrease in fishing resources, artisanal fishermen signed agreements for the recovery of the resource; however, they have not been implemented for various reasons. This study shows the viability of a Payment Scheme for Environmental Services as an alternative to induce compliance with fishing agreements. The analysis developed here indicates that the DMI Cispata fulfills the necessary conditions to implement this economic instrument benefiting 20 fishing organizations in the area.
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Almaden, Catherine Roween C. "A Case Study on the Socio-Economic Conditions of the Artisanal Fisheries in the Cagayan De Oro River." International Journal of Social Ecology and Sustainable Development 8, no. 2 (April 2017): 14–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijsesd.2017040102.
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Freshwater fishing is an important socioeconomic aspect of the communities in the Cagayan de Oro River (CDOR), Philippines. The fishery sector in CDOR has the elements that are generally characteristic of artisanal or small-scale fisheries. Before this study, very little was known of the scope and magnitude of artisanal level fishing activities within the CDOR. It has remained undocumented by Local Government Units (LGUs) as it does not contribute directly to the economy in terms of measurable cash flow. However, a number of fishes in the river have higher commercial value compared to marine fisheries in the nearby Macajalar Bay. This study is an attempt to examine the conditions of the CDOR fisheries and to quantify its economic contributions. The economic contribution is measured in terms of the market value of captured aquatic resources. In order to establish the behavior and trends in the fisheries of the different communities, the study area was divided into three sub-zones. Data in this study were collected through interviews of identified fishermen in the different sub-zones. Majority of the fishermen venture into other menial jobs due to proximity to the urban center. Many of them have subsidiary occupations which serve the dual purpose of alternative income and job opportunities and food source because fishing is seasonal. The peak fishing season usually spans two to four months. Comparatively, the earnings derived by the Cagayan de Oro River fishermen are relatively in almost the same range as the marine fishermen in the different parts of the country.
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Akpalu, Wisdom, Isaac Dasmani, and Ametefee Normanyo. "Optimum Fisheries Management under Climate Variability: Evidence from Artisanal Marine Fishing in Ghana." Sustainability 7, no. 6 (June 19, 2015): 7942–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su7067942.
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Adom, Dickson, Paul Appiah Sekyere, and Lily Yarney. "A Return to the Ghanaian Cultural Values of Closed Fishing Season in Ghana’s Artisanal Marine Fishing: An Essential Means of Restoring Small Pelagic Fish Stocks." Transylvanian Review of Systematical and Ecological Research 21, no. 3 (December 1, 2019): 95–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/trser-2019-0020.
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Abstract Closed fishing season for artisanal and inshore fishing is an effective management measure for restoring the fish stock. The study aimed at assessing the impacts of the closed fishing season observed in the Sekondi harbour in Ghana. The findings revealed that the one month closure period was too short and/or lack of strict supervision to realize any significant change in fish population and sizes. A more transparent discussion on the period for the closure, longer closure period up to three months as well as provision of alternative sources of livelihood were suggested to ensure more cooperation from the fisher folks.
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CINNER, J. E., and T. R. McCLANAHAN. "Socioeconomic factors that lead to overfishing in small-scale coral reef fisheries of Papua New Guinea." Environmental Conservation 33, no. 1 (March 2006): 73–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892906002748.
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The coral reefs of Papua New Guinea are among the most species diverse in the world, support an important artisanal fishery, but lack an effective national conservation programme. Increased commercialization, population growth, promotion of fisheries development projects, and the live reef food fish trade are expected to increase demand for the country's reef fish. This paper examines how socioeconomic factors affect the condition of the artisanal multi-species coral reef fishery in six sites in Papua New Guinea. Catch characteristics such as diversity, trophic level and body size by landing site were examined along a fishing pressure gradient. Both exogenous factors such as markets and endogenous factors such as fishing pressure were related to the condition of fish catch. In general, the trophic level and lengths of fish captured in Papua New Guinea were relatively high, but were reduced on reefs with high fishing effort near fish markets. Fisheries showed signs of depletion above c. 25 fishing trips per km2 per day and the proximity of markets was a better indicator of overfishing than human population size. A cross-scale approach to fisheries management is required in Papua New Guinea to coordinate decentralized local management, limit the intrusion of extractive enterprises, and develop policies that seek to minimize exogenous pressures on marine resources.
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Mohamed, Abdul-Razak M., and Abdullah N. Abood. "Current status of Iraqi artisanal marine fisheries in northwest of the Arabian Gulf of Iraq." Archives of Agriculture and Environmental Science 5, no. 4 (December 25, 2020): 457–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.26832/24566632.2020.050404.
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The study was conducted to analyze the fish landings from Iraqi artisanal marine fisheries, northwest Arabian Gulf from January 2017 to December 2019. The monthly data of fish landings were collected from the main landing site at Al-Fao port, south Iraq and were analyzed using descriptive statistics. A total of 35 taxa in 18 families were identified in the artisanal catches, in addition to two species of shrimps. The highest total landings were 11,944 t in 2018 and 11,305 t in 2019. The annual total landing of the marine fisheries increased by 270% during 2017-2019 as compared with the annual landing during 2008-2016. Threadfin bream contributed 14.1%, followed by river shad (11.1%) and mullets (11.1%), whereas shrimps formed 15.2% to the total catch. The overall values of biomass diversity of fish ranged from 1.82 in 2017 to 2.85 in 2018. There were 320 registered fishing boats motorized by 65 to 950 hp. Multi gears fishing were observed. The trends of the landings of all fish groups were increased substantially, except river shad, threadfin bream and shrimps. The study suggests some of the management measures must be put into place, especially for the river shad in the regions of their migration reproductive and the nursery.
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Cámara, Angeles, and Rosa Santero-Sánchez. "Economic, Social, and Environmental Impact of a Sustainable Fisheries Model in Spain." Sustainability 11, no. 22 (November 10, 2019): 6311. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11226311.
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In recent decades, fishing sustainability has been subject to intense international debate. Overfishing and contamination of the marine environment are elements that contribute to a reduction in fish stock and catches, often leading to declining income and employment, especially in rural areas. We present a sustainable fisheries model that promotes artisanal fishing while incorporating replacement rates of fish stock and actions that benefit the fishing industry. First, the sustainable fisheries model defines the guidelines and actions that may apply either together or independently, sequentially, or simultaneously, according to a defined budget. These concrete actions are quantified and incorporated into an environmentally extended input-output model to evaluate the economic impact on the Spanish fishing industry. The impact is complemented with an assessment of social impact (employment) and environmental impact (estimated reduction of CO2 emissions).
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Iturralde M., Gustavo, Mayra Vera H., and Jorge Coronel Q. "Opportunities to implement the Marine and Coastal Spatial Planning in Ecuador, a Case Study in the Northern Coast of Manabí Province." Revista Costas 6, Vol Esp. 2 (June 2021): 357–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.26359/costas.e1721.
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In 2018, the Ministry of the Environment and Water, with the support of the German International Cooperation Agency (Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit GIZ), evaluated the possibility of developing a marine and coastal spatial planning process in the northern coastal area of Manabí province, Ecuador. Based on the outcomes from workshops and interviews in the territory, the main socio-economic and environmental issues related to management in the coastal zone were identified. The uses resources in the area (artisanal fishing, conservation, industrial fishing and tourism), and the conflicts between users/ stakeholders were determined. The local communities expressed their willingness to initiate a marine and coastal management and ordering process due to their perception indicating that the rules are not being met and the existence of several conflicts, mainly between industrial and small-scale (artisanal) fishing. From the beginning of the project, we worked together with the local coastal communities, and the application of spatial analysis tools and remote sensors that served to alleviate the scarcity of available information. A methodology was then presented to assess the pre-feasibility of the area, with the aim to define how feasible, it is to carry out the process of planning marine and coastal uses. Once the viability was analyzed, three future management scenarios are proposed along with recommendations for the management of the area and the lessons learned. The study area has a high pre-feasibility to begin a process de marine and coastal planning due to the support of the local communities and the limited conflicts. Thus, it is recommended that this type of process should be promoted by the environmental authority by engaging and empowering resource users, before the conflicts are exacerbated and the communities and local governments lose interest due to lack of institutional support.
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Corrêa, Josilene, Joelson Fernandes, and Jacqueline Albino. "FISHING SPACES AND ETHNOECOLOGICAL KNOWLEDGE OF SNOOK AND KING MACKEREL ARTISANAL FISHING IN SOUTHERN ESPÍRITO SANTO - BRAZIL." Revista Geografares 1 (December 8, 2020): 144–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.7147/geo.v1i31.31253.
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This paper raises the ethnoecological knowledge of artisanal fishermen from Ubu and Parati, in southern Espírito Santo, in order to understand their strategies for using marine spaces to maintain subsistence and income. Focusing on ethnospecies of snooks and king mackerels, interviews were conducted (n=22) to acquire information on the fishing spaces, behavior of fish, capture techniques, in addition to climatic and oceanographic dynamics that interfere in fishing. Later, this information was correlated with data found in the scientific literature. We conclude, first, that knowledge about the environment allows the fishermen to diversify fishing efforts, techniques and places, provided by the environmental conditions brought every each seasonality. Second, there is a need for specific studies to support local fisheries management, and finally, there is a disagreement about fisheries regulations, considered incompatible with traditional way of working.
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Previero, Marilia, Carolina V. Minte-Vera, and Rodrigo Leao de Moura. "Fisheries monitoring in Babel: fish ethnotaxonomy in a hotspot of common names." Neotropical Ichthyology 11, no. 2 (June 2013): 467–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1679-62252013000200016.
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The lack of a long term, comprehensive and reliable fisheries statistics system is a major impediment to fisheries management in Brazil. Fishing is one of the main activities throughout the country's coast, with predominance of small-scale, artisanal, multigear, and multispecies captures that are landed in a pulverized network of coastal villages. Brazil is also a hotspot of common names, another feature that challenges artisanal fisheries' monitoring. We combined taxonomic and ethnobiological information to support the implementation of an artisanal fisheries' monitoring program under the co-management framework of a Marine Extractive Reserve in Bahia State, Northeastern Brazil. We surveyed 141 fishing landings, recording 86 fish species (43 families) and 52 correspondences 1:1 between local and scientific names. Broad folk categories had an average of 5.1 specific names, with "cação" (shark) being the category with more specific names (24 names to six biological species). With the exception of species that make up the bycatch captured by shrimp trawling, fisherfolks are able to identify commercially important species from both fresh specimens and photos. Common names can be reliably used in fisheries monitoring programs, and their usage facilitates the participation of fisherfolks in surveys based on voluntary or compulsory declarations of captures
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Nunoo, F. K. E. "Achieving sustainable fisheries management: A critical look at traditional fisheries management in the marine artisanal fisheries of Ghana, West Africa." Journal of Energy and Natural Resource Management 2, no. 1 (February 21, 2018): 15–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.26796/jenrm.v2i0.40.
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Sustaining fishery resources is crucial to the survival and wealth of artisanal fishers in Ghana. The artisanal fisheries sector ofGhana provides food, employment, livelihood support and socio-economic benefits to the Ghanaian economy. Fishery resourcesof Ghana are under stress from population pressure, increasing demand of fish and fishery products and open-access regime.Formal fisheries management practices have not yielded the desired results. There is an increasing need for traditional fisheriespractices to be incorporated into formal fisheries management practices. The aim of this paper is to conduct an in-depth studyon traditional marine fisheries management systems in Ghana in order to provide information to enhance the management of theartisanal fisheries.Data was collected through document analysis (between May 2014 and January 2015), field observation andquestionnaire-based interview (between 26th and 30th of July 2014). Results show that the Chief Fisherman and CommunityBased Fisheries Management Committee are important structures in the fisheries management system of Ghana. The ChiefFisherman is the person that leads resolution of disputes and gives access to fishing in the communities. There are a number ofmeasures such as non-fishing days, ban on landing certain fish species during festival periods to prevent overfishing. Taboos andcultural practices such as performing of rituals to ‘sea gods’ and consulting of oracles during certain periods of the year help tomanage the fish stocks. With respect to the performance of the fishing communities, Elmina performed better with combinationof various traditional practices to prevent overfishing. Fishers in Elmina also had adequate knowledge of current fishing rulesand regulations than fishers in Adina, Chorkor and Dixcove. Fishers and fishing communities must be educated on the need toavoid unapproved fishing practices to help keep the fishery resources healthy for sustainable exploitation. Fishers should also beequipped with alternative livelihood jobs in order to reduce the pressure on the fishery resources. A national policy to integratetraditional management practices into formal fisheries management plans should be established.
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Purcell, Steven W., Watisoni Lalavanua, Brian R. Cullis, and Nicole Cocks. "Small-scale fishing income and fuel consumption: Fiji’s artisanal sea cucumber fishery." ICES Journal of Marine Science 75, no. 5 (March 27, 2018): 1758–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsy036.
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Abstract Understanding the income and costs of fishing is fundamental to managing fisheries and planning interventions to improve efficiency and gender equity. Few studies offer data on fisher incomes and fuel use in small-scale fisheries (SSFs), and fewer have assessed factors influencing variation among fishers and between genders. We interviewed 235 artisanal fishers among 34 island villages in an artisanal sea cucumber fishery in Fiji. Linear mixed models were used to determine the effect of geographic and socioeconomic variables on incomes and fuel use from fishing sea cucumbers. Net income of sea cucumbers to fishers, averaging FJ$8, 171 year−1 (US$4, 494 year−1) (range: FJ$0–52,008 year−1), varied among villages and was 47% lower for women than men. On an average, 60% of fishers’ gross annual income came from fishing and selling sea cucumbers, although this proportion varied greatly even within villages. Fishers who practised gleaning, fished less often, or possessing numerous livelihood income streams, were less economically dependent on sea cucumbers. Men tended to estimate higher incomes for an average day of fishing than women when compared with their recall of last sale. Fuel use varied greatly among regions in Fiji but, overall, averaged 428 L fisher−1 year−1, and represented 28% of gross income. More economical fishing strategies by women resulted in lower fuel use than men per fishing day. Breath-hold divers used less fuel (compared to fishers using scuba) and fishers targeting deep-water species used more fuel than other fishers. A best approximation of 8000 t CO2 year−1 for the carbon footprint of the whole fishery suggests that some SSFs, such as the one studied here, can be significant contributors to greenhouse gas emissions, even compared to many large-scale fisheries globally. Reforms to the management of SSFs should consider regulations that minimize carbon emissions and reduce economic dependency on vulnerable marine resources.
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Delaney, David G., Lida T. Teneva, Kostantinos A. Stamoulis, Jonatha L. Giddens, Haruko Koike, Tom Ogawa, Alan M. Friedlander, and John N. Kittinger. "Patterns in artisanal coral reef fisheries revealed through local monitoring efforts." PeerJ 5 (December 4, 2017): e4089. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.4089.
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Sustainable fisheries management is key to restoring and maintaining ecological function and benefits to people, but it requires accurate information about patterns of resource use, particularly fishing pressure. In most coral reef fisheries and other data-poor contexts, obtaining such information is challenging and remains an impediment to effective management. We developed the most comprehensive regional view of shore-based fishing effort and catch published to date, to show detailed fishing patterns from across the main Hawaiian Islands (MHI). We reveal these regional patterns through fisher “creel” surveys conducted by local communities, state agencies, academics, and/or environmental organizations, at 18 sites, comprising >10,000 h of monitoring across a range of habitats and human influences throughout the MHI. All creel surveys included in this study except for one were previously published in some form (peer-reviewed articles or gray literature reports). Here, we synthesize these studies to document spatial patterns in nearshore fisheries catch, effort, catch rates (i.e., catch-per-unit-effort (CPUE)), and catch disposition (i.e., use of fish after catch is landed). This effort provides for a description of general regional patterns based on these location-specific studies. Line fishing was by far the dominant gear type employed. The most efficient gear (i.e., highest CPUE) was spear (0.64 kg h−1), followed closely by net (0.61 kg h−1), with CPUE for line (0.16 kg h−1) substantially lower than the other two methods. Creel surveys also documented illegal fishing activity across the studied locations, although these activities were not consistent across sites. Overall, most of the catch was not sold, but rather retained for home consumption or given away to extended family, which suggests that cultural practices and food security may be stronger drivers of fishing effort than commercial exploitation for coral reef fisheries in Hawai‘i. Increased monitoring of spatial patterns in nearshore fisheries can inform targeted management, and can help communities develop a more informed understanding of the drivers of marine resource harvest and the state of the resources, in order to maintain these fisheries for food security, cultural practices, and ecological value.
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Nascimento, Glória Cristina Cornélio do, Dimitri De Araújo Costa, Raquel Ferreira de Sá, Martin Lindsey Christoffersen, and Maria Cristina Basilio Crispim. "Artisanal fishing characterization and spatio-temporal occurrence of marine shrimp (Crustacea, Decapoda, Penaeidae) in the littoral of Lucena, Paraíba, Brazil." Ciência e Natura 40 (May 11, 2018): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/2179460x29813.
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The present study distinguishes types of fishing activities. It records the most economically exploited shrimps in the municipality of Lucena, Paraíba, Xiphopenaeus kroyeri (“espigudo”), and Penaeus schmitti (white shrimp). From October 2014 to October 2015, samples containing 700 gr of shrimp were collected at three sites of artisanal fishing. Data on temperature, ammonium, nitrate, nitrite, chlorophyll-a, salinity, pH, and dissolved oxygen were recorded. Two different shrimp species are commercially used in the region, of 2,628 sampled individuals, X. kroyeri predominated, with 1,957 individuals, followed by P. schmitti, with 671 individuals. At localities 1 (in Lucena beach) and 2 (Fagundes beach) both species were present, the X. kroyeri being predominant, but at locality 3 (Costinha beach) only the P. schmitti was recorded. The regional wet season influenced salinity during the months of the year, producing positive or negative correlations among species found at each locality depending on what was analysed. It is relevant to understand the relationship between fishing resources and environmental variables which provide information about fishing dynamics and permits the development of strategies for the maintenance of stocks and fishing areas, as well as permitting the establishment of public regulations for the better preservation and conservation of marine areas and estuaries on which many species depend for the completion of their life cycles.
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Silva, Cleber Vinicius Vitorio, Josimar Ribeiro de Almeida, Carlos Eduardo Silva, Lyanna Oliveira de Carvalho, and Carlos Domingos da Silva. "Physical-chemical monitoring of the Linhares (ES) and São Mateus (ES) aquatic ecosystem after the breaking of the Fundão Dam, Mariana, Minas Gerais." Revista Ibero-Americana de Ciências Ambientais 9, no. 5 (May 24, 2019): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.6008/cbpc2179-6858.2018.005.0001.
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On November 5, 2015, the rupture occurred of the Fundão dam of the mining company Samarco, located in the sub-district of Bento Rodrigues-MG, 35 km from the center of the Brazilian municipality of Mariana-MG, approximately 16.000 Olympic pools of mining residue circulated through the district of Bento Rodrigues in a period of only 11 minutes. The plume of this environmental impact extended approximately 800 km in the Rio Doce basin, between Minas Gerais and Espirito Santo. The Ipiranga river, located between Linhares and São Mateus, was one of the last sites affected by the waste from the Doce river basin, having contact with the sea in the Urussuquara-ES restinga, a place that is a nursery of biodiversity, especially the marine and estuarine ichthyofauna, besides being of great importance for artisanal fishing and ecotourism. The present study aimed to monitor the Ipiranga River and Urussuquara Beach for all seasonal seasons, beginning in September 2017 and ending in May 2018, the following variables were analyzed: dissolved oxygen, electrical conductivity, hydrogenation potential (pH), transparent, temperature, depth and total dissolved solids, comparing them to the Resolution CONAMA n°. 357, de 17/03/2005, with the purpose of evaluating the quality of estuarine and marine waters. The results found were alarming and evident foci of negative impacts on the aquatic ecosystem and society dependent on artisanal fishing for their subsistence.
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Casal, Francisco Santos Cousiño, and Francisco José Bezerra Souto. "“Adonde é o aposento do pescado?”: ecozoneamento do manguezal na pesca artesanal de crustáceos da Reserva Extrativista Marinha da Baía do Iguape, Maragogipe – Bahia." SITIENTIBUS série Ciências Biológicas 11, no. 2 (March 27, 2012): 143. http://dx.doi.org/10.13102/scb105.
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Crustaceans, along with molluscs and fish, are the most important fishing resources forsubsistence and income for people in the mangrove ecosystem. In this environment, traditional cultural system recognizeand classify certain ecological areas called ecozones. The aim of this study was to understand how the fishermencharacterize the fishing areas and how this influences the traditional knowledge of the artisanal fishing of crustaceans in themangrove ecosystem. This study was carried out at the Baía de Iguape Marine Extractive Reserve, with the fishingcommunity of Angola. The sample of interviewed was defined from individuals opportunistically found using the criterionof native experts. There were open and semi-structured interviews with 42 fishermen. Techniques of guided tours andparticipatory mapping were also used. The main ecological zones identified by the fishing community of Angola were:“costeiro” (= coastal), “riacho” (= stream or creek), “rio” (= river), “boca de rio” (= river mouth), “enseada” (= creek),“canal” (= waterway), “coroa” (= shoal), “poço” (= well), “ilha” (= island), “ilhote” (= islet), “mangue” (= mangrove) and“terra” (= land). The Angola fishermen have demonstrated a refined spatial knowledge about fishing sites and theirfeatures, relating them to bioecology of fishing resources exploited.
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Castro, C., K. Van Waerebeek, D. Cárdenas, and JJ Alava. "Marine mammals used as bait for improvised fish aggregating devices in marine waters of Ecuador, eastern tropical Pacific." Endangered Species Research 41 (March 12, 2020): 289–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/esr01015.
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Fish aggregating devices (FADs) are floating objects typically used to attract and capture pelagic fish in industrial tuna fisheries. This study documents 9 cases, involving 31 marine mammals, of incidentally captured, killed or otherwise retrieved cetaceans and pinnipeds which were used, or presumably used, as bait for improvised fish aggregation devices (IFAD) by artisanal fishers in coastal Ecuador. At least 3 species of small cetaceans were affected, including pantropical spotted dolphin Stenella attenuata, short-finned pilot whale Globicephala macrorhynchus, pygmy killer whale Feresa attenuata and an unidentified small delphinid, as well as South American sea lions Otaria byronia which were reportedly killed on purpose for this fishing practice. A sperm whale Physeter macrocephalus and a humpback whale Megaptera novaeangliae were presumably found floating at sea and opportunistically exploited as FADs. The South American sea lion represented 80.6% of marine mammals used as bait associated with FADs (25 sea lions out of 31 marine mammals), while the remaining 5 (possibly 6) cetacean species represented 19.4%. This is the first report of baited FADs in Ecuador, the extent of which is still unknown. This fishing technique has not been documented in other nations along the west coast of South America, although baiting of gillnets with marine mammal parts is common in Peru. Without fisheries management and regulation, this illegal fishing practice could rapidly expand and lead to further direct kills and conservation problems for targeted marine mammal populations in the eastern tropical Pacific. A bottom-up fisheries policy in concert with community-based conservation to ban the use of marine mammals as FAD bait is recommended.
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Enrichetti, F., S. Bava, G. Bavestrello, F. Betti, L. Lanteri, and M. Bo. "Artisanal fishing impact on deep coralligenous animal forests: A Mediterranean case study of marine vulnerability." Ocean & Coastal Management 177 (July 2019): 112–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2019.04.021.
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Mancini, Agnese, Volker Koch, Jeffrey A. Seminoff, and Bénédicte Madon. "Small-scale gill-net fisheries cause massive green turtle Chelonia mydas mortality in Baja California Sur, Mexico." Oryx 46, no. 1 (November 8, 2011): 69–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605310001833.
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AbstractThe coastal waters of Baja California Sur, Mexico, include some of the most important foraging grounds of the East Pacific green turtle Chelonia mydas. However, they are also important fishing grounds for artisanal fleets, leading potentially to high levels of bycatch mortality. We studied the impact of a small-scale gill-net fishery at San Ignacio lagoon, north-west Mexico, an important green turtle feeding ground. We conducted mortality censuses and interviewed local fishers to estimate total bycatch mortality at the lagoon. We also used marked drifters and carcasses to estimate stranding probabilities of turtles taken as bycatch. During 2006–2009 we found 262 dead turtles; 96% of the mortality occurred in May–August corresponding to the fishing season for halibut Paralichthys californicus and guitar-fish (Rhinobatus sp.). Stranding probability estimated from drifters was 0.062 (95% confidence interval, CI, 0.035–0.094), yielding a minimum mortality of 3,516 turtles during 2006–2008 (95% CI 2,364–6,057) or 1,172 animals per year. This is probably an underestimate of real mortality as the drifters have higher stranding probabilities than carcasses and most of the nets were set in the lower lagoon where carcasses rarely strand. Interviews with local fishers yielded a similar estimate of 1,087 (95% CI 901–1,286) dead turtles per year. This study is emblematic of the impact of artisanal fleets on marine turtles caused by overlap of fishing and turtle feeding areas. In 2009 strandings declined by > 97%, resulting from a change in fishing practices because of increased vigilance by enforcement authorities, underscoring the importance of law enforcement to protect threatened species.
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André, Laure Vaitiare, Simon Van Wynsberge, Mireille Chinain, Clémence Mahana Iti Gatti, Alexandra Dempsey, and Serge Andréfouët. "A framework for mapping local knowledge on ciguatera and artisanal fisheries to inform systematic conservation planning." ICES Journal of Marine Science 78, no. 4 (March 8, 2021): 1357–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsab016.
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Abstract Millions of people’s livelihoods rely on artisanal fisheries. However, in many regions fishers are increasingly facing ciguatera poisoning, a seafood-borne illness. The toxin, produced by benthic dinoflagellates, can spread through marine food webs and to humans by direct consumption. Ciguatera risk can play a major role in fisher’s activities but has never been considered in any marine spatial plans thus far. To fill this gap, we examined if integrating ciguatera in systematic conservation plans could affect these decisions. We developed through map-based interviews, a novel seven-step framework to collect and map local knowledge on ciguatera risk and fisheries activities with two innovations: (i) better mapping of fishing grounds by combining geomorphological habitat and fishing gear information, and (ii) integrating ciguatera risk directly into systematic spatial planning designs and scenarios conceived to maximize benthic habitat conservation while minimizing impacts to fishers. The approach is illustrated for Raivavae Island, in French Polynesia, Pacific Ocean. We found that integrating ciguatera significantly improved prioritization solutions with a 24–38% decrease of costs to fishers compared with scenarios based solely on fishery data. This framework was designed for scientists and managers to optimize the implementation of conservation plans and could be generalized to ciguatera-prone areas.
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Gasche, Loïc, and Didier Gascuel. "EcoTroph: a simple model to assess fishery interactions and their impacts on ecosystems." ICES Journal of Marine Science 70, no. 3 (February 19, 2013): 498–510. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fst016.
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Abstract Gasche, L., and Gascuel, D. 2013. EcoTroph: a simple model to assess fishery interactions and their impacts on ecosystems – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 70: 498–510. The EcoTroph model leaves aside the notion of species, and models the functioning of marine ecosystems as flows of biomass from low to high trophic levels, so as to quantify easily the impacts of fishing at an ecosystem scale. In this paper, based on two case studies we present a new development of the EcoTroph model that is devoted to the analysis of fishery interactions and impacts of fleet segments on ecosystems. First, deriving an EcoTroph model from an Ecopath model of the Guinea ecosystem, the impacts of the artisanal fishery are distinguished from those of the industrial fishery. It appears that these fisheries do not always compete for the same fish groups but that they both strongly impact the ecosystem and moderately impact one another. Then, an EcoTroph model of the Southern Benguela ecosystem is set up, also based on a pre-existing Ecopath model. Two scenarios are simulated: a doubling in the fishing mortality of small pelagics and a doubling in the fishing mortality of hake. An increase in fishing mortality of small pelagics causes a strong decrease in biomass at all trophic levels of the ecosystem, confirming the pivotal role of these “wasp-waist” species in this ecosystem.
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Aguado-Giménez, Felipe, Sergio Eguía-Martínez, Irene Torres-Campos, Santiago Meroño-García, and Jacinto Martínez-Ródenas. "Competition for food between the Mediterranean shag, the great cormorant and artisanal fisheries: a case study." Scientia Marina 82, no. 1 (March 20, 2018): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/scimar.04680.04b.
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The Mediterranean shag (Phalacrocorax aristotelis desmarestii) and the great cormorant (P. carbo sinensis) are syntopic birds in an area encompassing Grosa Island and the Mar Menor coastal lagoon (SE Spain, western Mediterranean) during the breeding season of the former and the wintering period of the latter. Diet composition of both birds was studied through pellet analysis and otolith identification. Competition for fish resources between these two seabirds and with local artisanal fisheries was assessed. Shags preyed preferentially on small pelagic fish, and great cormorants mainly consumed demersal fish. Shag diet consisted of marine fish strictly, but great cormorant fed in all the available environments in the study area, including marine, transitional (coastal lagoon) and freshwater reservoirs. The great dissimilarity observed between shag and great cormorant diet composition showed no competition between them. The low shag population density and fishing effort in their foraging area suggested no competition with fisheries. Conversely, great cormorant population density in the study area was very high, and they foraged on fish of high commercial value. However, competition between great cormorant and artisanal fisheries only affected some of the less abundant species fished.
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Alves, Nathália Fernandes De Castro, Rayane Colombi Lorenzoni, Vanielle Aparecida do Patrocinio Gomes, Wellington Gonçalves, and Rodrigo Randow de Freitas. "Socioeconomic and productive marine and estuarine fishery activity potential index." Independent Journal of Management & Production 12, no. 2 (April 1, 2021): 613–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.14807/ijmp.v12i2.1326.
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Considering the need for increased productivity, consequently providing a safe source of quality food and economic sustenance for numerous families, fishing in the State of Rio de Janeiro is configured in an important way, and with a primarily artisanal and professional nature of small bearing. In addition to the fundamental aspect of human subsistence, fishing is an important economic activity, generating several other businesses and income for other economic sectors, such as transport, storage, processing and sale of products, construction and repair of vessels, and construction of artifacts and utensils, among others. Thus, the study of potentialities and vulnerabilities involving the strengths and weaknesses of the coastal region of Rio de Janeiro will assist in actions in favor of a broad development of activity in the coastal municipalities. For this, the analytic hierarchy process was used, a multicriteria analysis method, to construct hierarchies of these municipalities in terms of potential development, and thus the analysis of the environment was performed using a matrix to analyze the scenarios. The results point out that due to the importance accorded by the interviewees to the economic sub-index, the municipality of Angra dos Reis stood out in the order of priority of defining the municipality with the highest socioeconomic and productive potentiality index for fishing activity, presenting quantitative data related to sub-indices of greater importance than the other municipalities. However, when the analysis for each subscript was carried out separately, Angra dos Reis has the lowest classification for vulnerability to environmental and social issues.
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Mouro, Carla, Tânia Santos, and Paula Castro. "Past-present discontinuity in ecological change and marine governance: An integrated narrative approach to artisanal fishing." Marine Policy 97 (November 2018): 163–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2018.06.008.
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Barbosa-Filho, Márcio L. V., Gabriel Barros Gonçalves de Souza, Sérgio de Faria Lopes, Rachel Ann Hauser-Davis, Salvatore Siciliano, and José da Silva Mourão. "Artisanal Fisher Knowledge and Attitudes Concerning Compressor Fishing in a North-Eastern Brazilian Marine Protected Area." Human Ecology 48, no. 3 (June 2020): 357–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10745-020-00156-2.
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Oliveira, Manuela M., Ana S. Camanho, and Miguel B. Gaspar. "Technical and economic efficiency analysis of the Portuguese artisanal dredge fleet." ICES Journal of Marine Science 67, no. 8 (July 30, 2010): 1811–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsq110.
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Abstract Oliveira, M. M., Camanho, A. S., and Gaspar, M. B. 2010. Technical and economic efficiency analysis of the Portuguese artisanal dredge fleet. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 67: 1811–1821. An efficiency analysis of the commercial dredge fleet operating along the south coast of Portugal between 2005 and 2007 sought to determine the efficiency of the vessels using data envelopment analysis models, considering fixed inputs (vessel power, length, tonnage, and an indicator of stock biomass) and a variable input (number of days at sea). The annual quota per vessel was also included in the model as a contextual factor. In the technical-efficiency (TE) analysis, outputs were defined by the catch weight for each of the three target species (bivalves). Using price data for each species in the wholesale market, revenue efficiency was also estimated to complement the TE analysis. The advantage of the approach lies in the ability to separate technical aspects from allocative aspects in the efficiency assessment, allowing two-dimensional graphic representation of vessel performance. The procedure allows the identification of benchmark vessels, which maximized the catch weight of the species landed, given their inputs, as well as the vessels that selected the appropriate target species to maximize the revenue of the fishing activity, given output prices. The approach also allowed the specification of targets for inefficient vessels that correspond to the catch by species, permitting revenue maximization from fishing.
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Paredes, Rossana, and Allison L. Hopkins. "Dynamism in Traditional Ecological Knowledge: Persistence and Change in the Use of Totora (Schoenoplectus californicus) for Subsistence in Huanchaco, Peru." Ethnobiology Letters 9, no. 2 (September 4, 2018): 169–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.14237/ebl.9.2.2018.1176.
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Along the Peruvian north coast, many towns depend on fishing for subsistence. The adoption of technological innovations has facilitated the extraction of marine resources from the Pacific Ocean by Peruvian fishermen in recent years. However, some artisanal fishermen continue to rely on traditional ecological knowledge (TEK) to create sea vessels using botanical resources. This is the case of the fishing community of Huanchaco, a beachside town, where a reed locally known as totora (Schoenoplectus californicus) is cultivated in sunken gardens and is principally used to construct caballitos de totora, reed sea craft. This reed is also used for other purposes that benefit the fishing community economically. The objective of this article is to highlight the dynamic quality of TEK by describing the persistence and change in use of totora by the fishing community of Huanchaco. Participant observation techniques and individual interviews were conducted with 40 members of the fishing community. Results show that they are currently using totora for three different purposes: the construction of sea craft, which facilitates the catching of edible marine resources for subsistence and sale, and the sale of reed mats and souvenirs for additional income. Evidence from the recent past and the historical and pre-Hispanic periods suggests that some aspects of the technology of reed vessel construction have persisted whereas others have been modified. The addition of souvenirs and a reduction in mat production have also been identified. These changes in TEK highlight its dynamic quality, and are likely in response to economic and technological changes influenced by processes of globalization.
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Mohamed, Abdul-Razak M., and Ali H. Al-Hassani. "Growth, mortality and stock assessment of greenback mullet, Planiliza subviridis from northwest Arabian Gulf, Iraq." Archives of Agriculture and Environmental Science 6, no. 2 (June 25, 2021): 142–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.26832/24566632.2021.060205.
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The growth, mortality and stock parameters of greenback mullet, Planiliza subviridis from Iraqi marine waters, northwest Arabian Gulf was assessed using FiSAT II software for length-frequency data collected from February 2020 to January 2021. P. subviridis is one of the species caught in large quantities as commercial by artisanal fishers. Fish samples were collected by the Shaheen steel-hulled dhow and from the artisanal fishermen. The total length and body weight relationship of fish was estimated as W= 0.034L2.670, indicating negative allometric growth. Of 3350 specimens, growth and mortality parameters were evaluated. The asymptotic length (L∞), growth rate (K) and growth performance index (Ø') were 33.8 cm, 0.30 and 2.535, respectively. The total mortality rate (Z), natural mortality rate (M), and fishing mortality rate (F) were 1.11, 0.74 and 0.38, respectively. The present exploitation rate (Epresent) of P. subviridis computed as 0.34. Length at first capture (L50) was 17.47 cm. Recruitment of P. subviridis was observed throughout the year, with a peak during July. The yield per recruit analysis indicates that the current exploitation rate was below the biological target reference points (E0.1 and Emax), which refers to the stock of P. subviridis is underexploited. Virtual population analysis results showed that mid-lengths (16-22 cm) experienced the highest fishing mortality. The length at first capture (L50) was higher than the length at first maturity (Lm) of the species. So, for management purposes, more yields could be obtained by increasing the fishing activities on this species for a substantial harvest.
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Fogliarini, Carine O., Carlos E. L. Ferreira, Jéssica Bornholdt, Moysés C. Barbosa, Vinicius J. Giglio, and Mariana G. Bender. "Telling the same story: Fishers and landing data reveal changes in fisheries on the Southeastern Brazilian Coast." PLOS ONE 16, no. 6 (June 1, 2021): e0252391. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0252391.
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An understanding of the effects of fishing on marine ecosystems relies on information about the conserved state of these environments. Non-conventional approaches such as the use of historical data and local ecological knowledge can provide information and help adjust our references of changes in the environment. Also, the combination of different types of data can indicate a fisheries trend that would be undetectable when evaluated separately. Here we investigated changes in fisher’s perceptions regarding overexploited and new target species in artisanal fisheries in a secular fishing village of the subtropical, southeastern Brazilian coast. We identified temporal changes in landings and in the mean trophic level (MTL) of high trophic level species (≥ 3.5 and >4) over 16 years. Fishers’ knowledge revealed shifts in perception associated with years of fishing practice. More experienced fishers recognized a greater number of overexploited and new target species than fishers in the beginning of their careers. Landing data has revealed declining trends of 72% for five mesopredators species. Due to the overfishing of mesopredators, there was a shift in target species, towards fish that were previously discarded. Temporal changes in landings and in the MTL metric are concordant with previous reports on the overexploitation of species caught by local fishers. Our work reveals that multiple sources of information can be combined to establish historical baselines and improve the detection of change in marine ecosystems.
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Goetz, Sabine, Matthias Wolff, Wolfgang Stotz, and Mario J. Villegas. "Interactions between the South American sea lion (Otaria flavescens) and the artisanal fishery off Coquimbo, northern Chile." ICES Journal of Marine Science 65, no. 9 (September 22, 2008): 1739–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsn152.
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Abstract Goetz, S., Wolff, M., Stotz, W., and Villegas, M. J. 2008. Interactions between the South American sea lion (Otaria flavescens) and the artisanal fishery off Coquimbo, northern Chile. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 65: 1739–1746. The South American sea lion (Otaria flavescens) forages in coastal waters, where it interacts with fisheries and causes considerable economic loss by removing some catch and damaging gear. This study describes for the fishery region of Coquimbo (Chile) where, when, and with what type of gear interactions occur, characterizes the animals involved (group size, sex, and age), and derives some management recommendations. The study was based on 55 interviews with fishers and observations aboard fishing vessels in the main fishing sectors between October 2003 and March 2004. Interactions were primarily at night (88% of interviewees fished at night), in the bay (“Bahía”) of Coquimbo (81% of interviewees fished in this sector), where shoaling fish were abundant, and with purse-seines (100% of interviewees used this gear). Although some large groups of sea lions were seen, most comprised 1–10 animals. Most animals that interacted with the fishing gear were males (67%), probably because of the different feeding strategies of the two sexes. Management options discussed include the adjustment of fisheries to foraging behaviour of sea lions, and the controlled elimination of conflicting animals.
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Nair, Aditi, Sutirtha Dutta, Deepak Apte, and Balasaheb Kulkarni. "Assessing abundance and catch selectivity of Octopus cyanea by the artisanal fishery in Lakshadweep islands, India." Aquatic Living Resources 31 (2018): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/alr/2017050.
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Subsistence fishery for cephalopods contributes significantly to the local economy of several Asian, African and island states. In addition to being unregulated and undocumented, recent studies indicate that low-scale fisheries can have detrimental effects on marine ecosystems. In the Lakshadweep islands, men, women and children have been involved in spear fishing for octopus for a long time, but there is a paucity of information on the biology and fishery of the octopus species in Indian waters. In this study, we estimated the population abundance, morphometry and sex ratio of Octopus cyanea. Moreover, we examined whether the current octopus spear fishing activity displayed size or sex selectivity, given that larger individuals are easier to spot and brooding females spend more time in crevices. O. cyanea surveys were conducted by snorkeling in the lagoons of Kavaratti and Agatti islands between November 2008 and April 2012. The estimated mean density of O. cyanea was 3 and 2.5 individuals per hectare in Agatti and Kavaratti, respectively. Individual mean weight was 923.36 g and 846.26 g in Agatti and Kavaratti and the male:female sex ratio 1.35:1 and 3.8:1, respectively. Comparison between visual counts and fisheries landings indicated that fishing effort was concentrated in areas of high juvenile abundance but without female-bias. Constructing a long-term database of fishery catches will help with stock assessment and understanding the factors that influence octopus populations. Implementation of a lower size limit of 500 g would act as a precautionary measure against catching very small octopuses.
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BikramJit, Roy, Nripendra Kumar Singha, Hasan Ali, Gaziur Rhaman, and Fukrul Alam. "SHARK FISHERIES EXPLOITATION, TRADE, CONSERVATION AND MANAGEMENTIN THE BAY OF BENGAL OF BANGLADESH REGION." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 2, no. 2 (November 30, 2014): 69–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v2.i2.2014.3068.
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The study was conducted during July, 2003 to June, 2013 about landing volumes of shark fishery (sharks and rays) in artisanal and industrial fishing sector only in group- wise not in species wise. In these periods, in artisanal fisheries gill nets (shark nets), set bag nets, long lines and trammel nets exploiting data were analyzed. But from 2012-13 periods in industrial fisheries harvesting data of sharks and rays by trawl fishing were started to record keeping in group wise. During 2012-13 total sharks and rays landing volume contributes only 0.85% (5017 MT) of total the marine fish production of Bangladesh.8
During 2010-11 to 2012-13 no sharks and rays product items had been traded from Bangladesh due to international market ban But from 2003-04 to 2009-10 period sharks and rays product with fish maws export to the Myanmar, India, Singapore, Thailand, Hong Kong, China, USA and other countries. Dried and iced sliced meat of shark and rays, its sun-dried hide, bones, fins, tails, teeth and shark liver oil all are sold for local consumers, but only sets of fins (2 pectoral, 2 pelvic, 1 dorsal, 2 anal and 1 caudal fin) and skins were exporting to the foreign markets, which has been stopped now. In the year 2009-10 total 955 MT of sharks and rays product (with fish maws) were exporting and earning (app.) USD 1.60 million. For the conservation and management of shark fishery need National Plan of Action, which exploiting in the MSY and help to banning of critically endangered sharks and rays species. Appropriate law in the Fish Act (at present Fish Act has no forms of restriction for harvesting sharks, while Forestry Act restricts it in Sundarbans area) for sustainable harvesting and conservation of the elasmobranchs. Such law should include how many boats (motorized- and non-motorized) and industrial trawlers could be allowed to harvest sharks from which area, in which season and the allowable limit of harvests; in every case proper ways of fishing methods should strictly be followed. Coastal areas around Saint Martin’s Island and Sundarbans proposed by the Bay of Bengal should be declared as Marine Protected Area as most sharks use these areas as their nursing grounds.
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Young, Michael. "Achieving Equity in the Fishing Industry: The Fate of Informal Fishers in the Context of The Policy for the Small-Scale Fisheries Sector in South Africa." Potchefstroom Electronic Law Journal/Potchefstroomse Elektroniese Regsblad 16, no. 5 (May 17, 2017): 287. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/1727-3781/2013/v16i5a2435.
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The implementation of the Marine Living Resources Act 18 of 1998 which governs fisheries management in South Africa is guided by a series of objectives. Chief amongst these are the need to ensure resource sustainability, promote economic growth and achieve equity in the fishing industry. Striking a balance among these competing imperatives is a necessary but also monumental task, one which South Africa has arguably failed to achieve to date. In particular, as far the equity objective is concerned, a group of fishers, including both subsistence and artisanal fishers, have continued to be marginalised and overlooked in the fishing rights allocation process. The Policy for the Small-Scale Fisheries Sector in South Africa aims to provide recognition and redress to this sector of the fishing industry. It seeks to achieve this objective by adopting a community-based, co-management approach. The Policy accordingly envisages that fishing rights will be allocated to small-scale fishing communities and that these communities will become involved in managing fisheries together with government. This contribution reviews and critically analyses the scope of application of the Small-Scale Policy and the management approach adopted by the Policy, with a view to assessing its potential to achieve the objective of providing redress to the formerly marginalised groups of fishers. This analysis takes place against the backdrop of the significant resource constraints in the fisheries arena and the country’s vision for its future economic development as described in the National Development Plan.