Journal articles: 'Marine fuels'

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Nelyubov, D. V., L. P. Semihina, M. I. Fahrutdinov, A. N. Komersan, A. B. Zobov, and S. A. Kalinin. "Evaluation of Combustibility of Fuels for Marine Diesel Engines." Oil and Gas Technologies 132, no. 1 (2021): 54–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.32935/1815-2600-2021-132-1-54-61.

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There were studied the influence of composition of foreign marine fuels on its quality indexes which estimate the combustibility and combustion efficiency of this fuels in the marine reciprocators. It was found that using the high-density fuels in the engines of marine technique, which specified for exploitation on the automotive diesel fuels, can be the cause of decreasing the combustion efficiency, increasing of smokiness of exhaust gases and facility of technique’s failure. Using of methyl esters of fatty acids in the marine fuel’s composition in concentrations until 1 mass percent influents positively on combustibility and combustion efficiency. This result in the aggregate of results of other researches of influence these concentrations of FAME on the emulsification and lubricity of marine fuels follows to possibility of its short-time using marine technique. Experimentally proved the necessity of offered calculating method which estimates the combustion efficiency and combustibility of marine fuels. It was found that this method is more adequate and sensitive for estimation of those properties of heavy marine diesel fuels and petroleum diesel fuels with the FAME contention then the method of estimation of Cetane Index (GOST 27768).

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Hansson, Julia, Selma Brynolf, Erik Fridell, and Mariliis Lehtveer. "The Potential Role of Ammonia as Marine Fuel—Based on Energy Systems Modeling and Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis." Sustainability 12, no. 8 (April 17, 2020): 3265. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12083265.

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To reduce the climate impact of shipping, the introduction of alternative fuels is required. There is a range of different marine fuel options but ammonia, a potential zero carbon fuel, has recently received a lot of attention. The purpose of this paper is to assess the prospects for ammonia as a future fuel for the shipping sector in relation to other marine fuels. The assessment is based on a synthesis of knowledge in combination with: (i) energy systems modeling including the cost-effectiveness of ammonia as marine fuel in relation to other fuels for reaching global climate targets; and (ii) a multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) approach ranking marine fuel options while considering estimated fuel performance and the importance of criteria based on maritime stakeholder preferences. In the long-term and to reach global GHG reduction, the energy systems modeled indicate that the use of hydrogen represents a more cost-effective marine fuel option than ammonia. However, in the MCDA covering more aspects, we find that ammonia may be almost as interesting for shipping related stakeholders as hydrogen and various biomass-based fuels. Ammonia may to some extent be an interesting future marine fuel option, but many issues remain to be solved before large-scale introduction.

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Andersson, Karin, Selma Brynolf, Julia Hansson, and Maria Grahn. "Criteria and Decision Support for A Sustainable Choice of Alternative Marine Fuels." Sustainability 12, no. 9 (April 30, 2020): 3623. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12093623.

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To reach the International Maritime Organization, IMO, vision of a 50% greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reduction by 2050, there is a need for action. Good decision support is needed for decisions on fuel and energy conversion systems due to the complexity. This paper aims to get an overview of the criteria types included in present assessments of future marine fuels, to evaluate these and to highlight the most important criteria. This is done using a literature review of selected scientific articles and reports and the authors’ own insights from assessing marine fuels. There are different views regarding the goal of fuel change, what fuel names to use as well as regarding the criteria to assess, which therefore vary in the literature. Quite a few articles and reports include a comparison of several alternative fuels. To promote a transition to fuels with significant GHG reduction potential, it is crucial to apply a life cycle perspective and to assess fuel options in a multicriteria perspective. The recommended minimum set of criteria to consider when evaluating future marine fuels differ somewhat between fuels that can be used in existing ships and fuels that can be used in new types of propulsion systems.

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Herdzik, Jerzy. "Decarbonization of Marine Fuels—The Future of Shipping." Energies 14, no. 14 (July 17, 2021): 4311. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14144311.

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The goal of reducing the climate impact of shipping requires many different activities. To reduce greenhouse gas emissions, the International Maritime Organization prepared some proposals to meet and fulfill the requirements. It sets out the provisions of the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships 73/78 Annex 6—Prevention of the Air Pollution from Ships (1997) with the amendments and the future objectives set. The main objective is to achieve climate neutrality from shipping by 2050. One method is the decarbonization of marine fuels. The types of fuels that are transient fuels, with the final target fuel being hydrogen, are shown. Carbon dioxide emissions depend on the chemical composition of the fuel, its Lower Heating Value and the engine efficiency. The aim of the manuscript is to demonstrate that the use of fuels with lower carbon content is a transitional process enabling the hydrogen era to take place. An analysis of this problem is presented as a review of the subject along with the author’s comments and observations. The development of technologies for adapting potential fuels to combustion requirements in marine diesel engines and gas turbines, together with their storage and bunkering capabilities, are the main barriers to their limited use. The efficiency of marine diesel engines reaches a value of about 50%, while that of fuel cells are close to 100%. It seems that hydrogen will be the fuel of the future, including in shipping. Its basic use is in fuel cells, the efficiency of which is almost twice that of current thermal internal combustion engines.

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Kołwzan, K., and M. Narewski. "Alternative Fuels for Marine Applications." Latvian Journal of Chemistry 51, no. 4 (December 1, 2012): 398–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10161-012-0024-9.

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This paper outlines the growing number of shipboard applications of new, alternative fuels such as: low sulphur fuels, gas fuels and biofuels in the global maritime transport. Advantages of the new fuels, their functionnal basis, is limited to applicability and current development issues have been shown, including the analysis of cost predictions. All types of marine fuels are subject of certain quality, documentation and survey procedures. EU policy is an example where international standards are being transferred to national level, and where marine standards result in mirror action in inland waterway air pollution prevention measures.

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Sun, Zhen. "Closing Gaps of Fuel Use Regulation of Arctic Shipping." International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law 35, no. 3 (August 3, 2020): 570–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718085-bja10026.

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Abstract Evidence-based forecasting and estimation indicate that Arctic shipping will grow in volume and diversify over the coming years, and associated challenges need to be met without compromising too much either the growing demand for shipping or the sustainability of the Arctic environment. Various initiatives have been put forward by the shipping industry, States and international regulatory bodies to reduce the negative impact of the use of marine fuels on the marine environment in the Arctic. This article examines the current regulatory regime concerning use of marine fuels in the Arctic; discusses how to apply legal principles and approaches to close regulatory gaps and harmonise existing efforts to prevent, reduce and control marine pollution from fuel use; and analyses the underlining architecture for designing a regulatory regime, from a technical perspective, for the use of marine fuels by Arctic shipping.

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Spoof-Tuomi, Kirsi, and Seppo Niemi. "Environmental and Economic Evaluation of Fuel Choices for Short Sea Shipping." Clean Technologies 2, no. 1 (January 22, 2020): 34–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cleantechnol2010004.

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The shipping industry is looking for strategies to comply with increasingly stringent emission regulations. Fuel has a significant impact on emissions, so a switch to alternative fuels needs to be evaluated. This study investigated the emission performances of liquefied natural gas (LNG) and liquefied biogas (LBG) in shipping and compared them to conventional marine diesel oil (MDO) combined with selective catalytic reduction (SCR). For assessing the complete global warming potential of these fuels, the life-cycle approach was used. In addition, the study evaluated the local environmental impacts of combustion of these fuels, which is of particular importance for short sea shipping operations near coastal marine environment and residential areas. All three options examined are in compliance with the most stringent emission control area (ECA) regulations currently in force or entering into force from 2021. In terms of local environmental impacts, the two gaseous fuels had clear advantages over the MDO + SCR combination. However, the use of LNG as marine fuel achieved no significant CO2-equivalent reduction, thus making little progress towards the International Maritime Organization’s (IMO’s) visions of decarbonizing shipping. Major life cycle GHG emission benefits were identified by replacing fossil fuels with LBG. The most significant challenge facing LBG today is fuel availability in volumes needed for shipping. Without taxation or subsidies, LBG may also find it difficult to compete with the prices of fossil fuels.

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Nguyen, Phuoc Quy Phong, and Thi Minh Hao Dong. "Building the Method for Calculation of Heating System Applied to High-Kinematic Viscosity Fuels." European Journal of Engineering Research and Science 3, no. 11 (November 30, 2018): 83–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejers.2018.3.11.985.

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Environmental pollution in transportation is very serious. Finding alternative fuels is becoming increasingly urgent in order to minimize environmental pollution and diversify fuel sources for marine engines. In alternative fuels, bio-oils are considered as a potential fuel. The paper presents theoritical findings on application of exhaust energy for heating up biodiesel/bio-oil used in ship engines in order to raise the fuel’s viscosity and to improve the volatizing and mixing abilities with ambient air. This fuel heating system is designed basing on the energy balance between the required energy to raise the fuel temperature to the target one and the energy either directly obtained from the exhaust gas or gained from intermediate medium. Results of this study are potentials to direct the design and fabrication of this bio-fuels heating system for ship engines which can meet the operating conditions and safety issues of this kind of engines.

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Winebrake, James J., James J. Corbett, Fatima Umar, and Daniel Yuska. "Pollution Tradeoffs for Conventional and Natural Gas-Based Marine Fuels." Sustainability 11, no. 8 (April 13, 2019): 2235. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11082235.

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This paper presents a life-cycle emissions analysis of conventional and natural gas-based marine transportation in the United States. We apply a total fuel cycle—or “well-to-propeller”—analysis that evaluates emissions along the fuel production and delivery pathway, including feedstock extraction, processing, distribution, and use. We compare emissions profiles for methanol, liquefied natural gas, and low sulfur marine fuel in our analysis, with a focus on exploring tradeoffs across the following pollutants: greenhouse gases, particulate matter, sulfur oxides, and nitrogen oxides. For our greenhouse gas analysis, we apply global warming potentials that consider both near-term (20-year) and long-term (100-year) climate forcing impacts. We also conduct uncertainty analysis to evaluate the impacts of methane leakage within the natural gas recovery, processing, and distribution stages of its fuel cycle. Our results indicate that natural-gas based marine fuels can provide significant local environmental benefits compared to distillate fuel; however, these benefits come with a near-term—and possibly long-term—global warming penalty, unless such natural gas-based fuels are derived from renewable feedstock, such as biomass. These results point to the importance of controlling for methane leaks along the natural gas production process and the important role that renewable natural gas can play in the shipping sector. Decision-makers can use these results to inform decisions related to increasing the use of alternative fuels in short sea and coast-wise marine transportation systems.

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Тарасов, Валерий, Valery Tarasov, Анатолий Соболенко, and Anatoly Sobolenko. "Impact of performance properties of regenerated engine oil on marine diesel wear when it runs on different grades of fuel." Vestnik of Astrakhan State Technical University. Series: Marine engineering and technologies 2019, no. 4 (November 15, 2019): 71–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.24143/2073-1574-2019-4-71-81.

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The article focuses on studying the operational properties of regenerated engine oils in terms of the impact on the wear of friction units of the trunk diesel engine when it works on the fuel of different grades. There have been built generalized models of marine diesel parts wear on the basis of experimental studies. Diesel 2Ч10,5/13 was used for experiments. Wear was determined by the method of artificial bases and by weighting. Four groups of the main indicators of fuels used on ships have been considered (depending on the quality indicator). The first group includes distillate fuels and low-viscosity marine fuel which is close in its characteristics to foreign fuels. The second group includes motor fuel, naval fuel oil and export fuels (medium viscosity fuels). The third group presents high-viscosity marine fuel; the fourth group - fuels made from the remains of oil refining. The description of the generalized model of details wear of the tested diesel engine was carried out by a polynomial of the second order. To obtain the model, a non-position plan was chosen for three test variables: concentration of additives in oil, a fuel quality factor and a level of diesel forcing. The superposition of the hypersurfaces of the response of wear functions of the internal combustion engine with diesel boosting factors at zero, lower, and upper levels with visualizing the effect on engine wear parameters depending on the additives concentration and quality of the fuel used in testing regenerated engine oil has been illustrated. Verification of the model's adequacy has proved that the model is adequate for machines with average effective pressure and a wide range of fuel grades. There has been given the possibility of using the obtained model to estimate the wear value at different values of parametric factors

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Takasaki, Koji. "Combustion of Future Marine Fuels." Marine Engineering 53, no. 3 (May 1, 2018): 285–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.5988/jime.53.285.

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Smyshlyaeva, K. I., N. K. Kondrasheva, and V. A. Rudko. "Description of the stability of residual marine fuel using ternary phase diagrams and SARA analysis." E3S Web of Conferences 266 (2021): 02006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202126602006.

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The results of the analysis of the properties of components of residual marine fuels (RMF) are described. The stability areas of marine fuels are determined using ternary phase diagrams VisRes - ULSD – LGOCC, Asphalt – ULSD – LCGO, Asphalt – ULSD – LGODC. The graphic method for determining the stability of A.B. Stankiewicz based on SARA analysis is used to describe the stability of RMF on the basis of VisRes - ULSD – LGOCC. The areas of stability, instability, and metastability of marine fuel are presented on the graph according to the Stankiewicz method, which can be used to predict the stability of RMF.

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KORCZEWSKI, Zbigniew. "Thermal efficiency investigations on the self-ignition test engine fed with marine low sulfur diesel fuels." Combustion Engines 178, no. 3 (July 1, 2019): 15–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.19206/ce-2019-303.

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Within the article an issues of implementing the new kinds of marine diesel fuels into ships’ operation was described taking into ac-count restrictions on the permissible sulphur content introduced by the International Maritime Organization. This is a new situation for ship owners and fuel producers, which forces the necessity to carry out laboratory research tests on especially adapted engine stands. How to elaborate the method enabling quality assessment of the self-ignition engine performance, considered in three categories: ener-gy, emission and reliability, represents the key issue of the organization of such research. In the field of energy research, it is necessary to know the thermal efficiency of the engine as the basic comparative parameter applied in diagnostic analyzes and syntheses of sequen-tially tested marine diesel fuels. This type of scientific research has been worked out for two years in the Department of Marine and Land Power Plants of the Gdańsk University of Technology, as a part of the statutory activities conducted in cooperation with the Regional Fund for Environmental Protection in Gdansk and the LOTOS Group oil company. This article presents the algorithm and results of thermal efficiency calculations of the Farymann Diesel D10 test engine in the con-ditions of feeding with various low-sulfur marine diesel fuels: distillation and residual fuels. This parameters stands for one of ten diag-nostic measures of the ranking of energy and emission quality of newly manufactured marine diesel fuels being built at the Department.

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M.I., Lamas, Rodríguez C.G., Telmo J., and Rodríguez J.D. "Numerical Analysis of Emissions from Marine Engines Using Alternative Fuels." Polish Maritime Research 22, no. 4 (December 1, 2015): 48–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pomr-2015-0070.

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AbstractThe current restrictions on emissions from marine engines, particularly sulphur oxides (SOx), nitrogen oxides (NOx) and carbon dioxide (CO2), are compelling the shipping industry to a change of tendency. In the recent years, many primary and secondary reduction techniques have been proposed and employed in marine engines. Nevertheless, the increasingly restrictive legislation makes it very difficult to continue developing efficient reduction procedures at competitive prices. According to this, the paper presents the possibility to employ alternative fuels. A numerical model was developed to analyze the combustion process and emissions using oil fuel, natural gas and hydrogen. A commercial marine engine was studied, the Wärtsilä 6L 46. It was found, that hydrogen is the cleanest fuel regarding CO2, hydrocarbons (HC) and carbon monoxide (CO). Nevertheless, it is very expensive for marine applications. Natural gas is cheaper and cleaner than fuel oil regarding CO2and CO emissions. Still, natural gas emits more NOxand HC than oil fuel. SOxdepends basically on the sulphur content of each particular fuel.

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Le, Van Vang. "Overview of Fuels used for Marine Diesel Engines." European Journal of Engineering Research and Science 3, no. 10 (October 17, 2018): 53–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejers.2018.3.10.932.

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In the future, when traditional fuels are exhausted, biofuels are the alternative candidate. The more developed the world, the greater the demand for fuel, while the natural resources are not unlimited. Therefore, the search for a new fuel source is more plentiful, more sustainable, less polluting, greenhouse effect and environmentally friendly as well as an opportunity to manage natural resources. In the maritime industry, most of the ships currently are using diesel engines as a propulsion device for propeller spinning, hybrid generators or other equipment. The main solution is to accelerate the research and deployment of applications into practical exploitation and encourage the use of biofuels. To enhance the building of material foundations, the training of human resources, the improvement of the system of policies, legal documents and the enhancement of international cooperation in biofuels development, raising public awareness. on the development of biofuels.

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Le, Van Vang. "Overview of Fuels used for Marine Diesel Engines." European Journal of Engineering Research and Science 3, no. 12 (December 6, 2018): 20–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejers.2018.3.12.1036.

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In the future, when traditional fuels are exhausted, biofuels are the alternative candidate. The more developed the world, the greater the demand for fuel, while the natural resources are not unlimited. Therefore, the search for a new fuel source is more plentiful, more sustainable, less polluting, greenhouse effect and environmentally friendly as well as an opportunity to manage natural resources. In the maritime industry, most of the ships currently are using diesel engines as a propulsion device for propeller spinning, hybrid generators or other equipment. The main solution is to accelerate the research and deployment of applications into practical exploitation and encourage the use of biofuels. To enhance the building of material foundations, the training of human resources, the improvement of the system of policies, legal documents and the enhancement of international cooperation in biofuels development, raising public awareness. on the development of biofuels.

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Mitusova, T. N., M. M. Lobashova, M. A. Ershov, M. V. Bobkova, and M. A. Titarenko. "Marine fuels. Changes in the standart." World of OIL Products the Oil Companies Bulletin 11 (2018): 44–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.32758/2071-5951-2018-0-11-44-47.

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ALI, BEAZIT. "ALTERNATIVE FUELS FOR THE MARINE MARKET." Scientific Bulletin of Naval Academy 19, no. 1 (June 15, 2016): 133–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.21279/1454-864x-16-i1-021.

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BHAN, O., D. BRINKMAN, J. GREEN, and B. CARLEY. "Storage stability of marine diesel fuels." Fuel 66, no. 9 (September 1987): 1200–1214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0016-2361(87)90057-3.

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Lee, Tae-Ho, Sang-Hyun Lee, and Jee-Keun Lee. "Exhaust Gas Emission Improvements of Water/Bunker C Oil-Emulsified Fuel Applied to Marine Boiler." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 9, no. 5 (April 29, 2021): 477. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse9050477.

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In this study, emulsified fuels were prepared and produced by blending 0%, 5%, 15%, and 25% water with Bunker C oil to reduce the amount of air pollution emitted by ships and replace oil resources, and they were applied to an actual marine boiler to analyze the exhaust gas. The fuel effects on the improvement in exhaust gas emissions were as follows: The oxygen (O2) concentration increased by up to 4.2%, and that of carbon dioxide decreased by approximately 2.1%. Under the standard O2 concentration of 4%, the concentration of nitrogen oxides decreased by up to 31.41%, and that of sulfur oxides decreased by up to 37.47%. However, the exhaust gas temperature decreased by approximately 14.3%, and the combustion efficiency decreased by approximately 2.6%. Comparing the emission improvements, the combustion performance of the emulsified fuels was close to that of the conventional Bunker C fuel. These results indicate that the application of water-emulsified fuels to a marine boiler can reduce the amounts of certain air pollutants.

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Adamkiewicz, Andrzej, and Jan Drzewieniecki. "The Influence of Fuels Quality on Tribological Wear in Slow Speed Diesel Engines." Solid State Phenomena 252 (July 2016): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.252.1.

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In this article, there are presented problems of tribological wear occurring in slow speed diesel engines elements such as piston – piston rings – cylinder liner assembly and fuel injection pumps caused by use of poor quality fuels. There are defined specific quality standards for bunkered marine residual and distillate fuels with accordance to ISO Standard 8217:2010 and recommended by engine maker’s fuel quality at engine inlet. Moreover, there are characterized common contaminants in this fuels with special attention to the most harmful the residual fuel catalytic particles so-called Cat-Fines, specified the maximum limits and described their influence on engine’s tribological pairs. Furthermore, this paper considers the operational precautions and treatment of poor quality fuels with elaboration of specific procedures to prevent and reduce the influence of Cat-fines to tribological wear in engine elements containing issues of fuel oil storage and distribution on board, fuel oil treatment, usage of poor quality fuels and condition monitoring of engine elements.

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Park, Jinkyu, Iksoo Choi, Jungmo Oh, and Changhee Lee. "Preliminary Numerical Study on Exhaust Emission Characteristics of Particulate Matters and Nitrogen Oxide in a Marine Engine for Marine Diesel Oil and Dimethyl Ether Fuel." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 8, no. 5 (April 30, 2020): 316. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse8050316.

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As concerns regarding environmental pollution, energy security and future oil supply continue to grow, communities around the world are looking for non-petroleum-based alternative fuels along with advanced energy technologies (e.g., fuel cells) to increase energy use efficiency. Compared with the main alternative fuel candidates (e.g., methane, methanol, ethanol and Fischer–Tropsch fuels), dimethyl ether (DME) seems to have a significant potential to solve the aforementioned problems and can be used as a clean, high-efficiency compressed ignition fuel with reduced nitrogen oxide, sulphur oxide and particulate matter (PM) emissions. In this study, the results of experiments using a ship engine and numerical analysis were verified using AVL BOOST software. Based on these verifications, nitrogen oxide and PM reduction characteristics were numerically analysed by controlling the diameter and spraying time of the fuel nozzle, which is the fuel injection system of a marine engine. When DME fuel was used, nitrogen oxide and PM emissions were reduced by 40% and 90%, respectively, compared with marine diesel oil fuel. To prove the viability of DME as an alternative fuel, combustion and exhaust characteristics were analysed in accordance with injection timing and the variation of nozzle hole.

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Yando, Markus, Amiruddin Amiruddin, Bambang Wahyudi, and Ryan Pengestu N. "ANALYSIS OF THE MAIN GENERATOR DUAL FUEL DIESEL ELECTRIC (DFDE) 12V50DF SUDDEN TRIP." Dinasti International Journal of Digital Business Management 2, no. 4 (July 27, 2021): 625–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.31933/dijdbm.v2i4.908.

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In the 20th century, the growth of marine transportation has grown rapidly in line with technological advances. Given that the marine transportation sector is one of the pollutants that exist today, the use of energy sources with better thermal efficiency and combustion that does not have a negative impact on the environment is needed in the modern era. In accordance with the regulations stipulated by IMO in the Marine Polution (Marpol) Annex VI Regulation 14 which regulates the prohibition of ships from using fuels with sulfur content higher than 0.5%. The need for alternative fuels in the shipping industry is an important thought to support the efficiency of the shipping industry. Liquid Natural Gas (LNG) is currently being developed by the government as a fuel for vehicles and environmentally friendly industries. In addition to its availability, natural gas is also considered effective for combustion. Methane / LNG gas is one of the most dominant alternative fuels at this time. This fuel can also save company expenses, namely reducing the cost of providing fuel for energy needs as a source of propulsion on board the ship. For the above, ships, especially LNG carriers, have used a lot of diesel engines to propel their ships using LNG fuel with the concept of the engine being Two Fuel Diesel Electric (DFDE) where the engine can use Marine Diesel Oil (MDO) and LNG. The DFDE engine drives the Generator and the Generator generates electricity to drive the Electric Motor and the Electric motor moves the propeller shaft, this DFDE engine in the future will replace conventional diesel engines because it is more cost efficient, but requires Engineers who understand DFDE engine technology.

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Nam, Cao Dao, Danh Chan Nguyen, and Van Huong Dong. "Heating System for the use of Bio-Oils for Marine Engines." European Journal of Engineering Research and Science 4, no. 3 (March 26, 2019): 157–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejers.2019.4.3.1211.

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Biofuel is a fuel made directly or indirectly from organic materials - biomass, consisting of two main sources from plants and animal waste, not from fossil sources such as oil, coal. At present, biofuels account for about 20% of global energy consumption. Particularly there are some countries, the use of biofuels is even bigger, such as Germany, Brazil, India ..., these are the leading countries in proving the availability and superiority of biofuels. Because fossil energy reserves are declining rapidly, as well as their use which has many consequences for habitat, bioenergy is an inevitable development for the future. Some typical types of biofuels that are widely known today include: bioethanol (bioetanol), biodiesel (biodiesel), green diesel (diesel), biological kerosene (biokerosen-or reactive fuel). biological forces), other biological alcohols (methanol, butanol), bio ether, biogas, syngas, solid biomass fuels. In fact, the two most important biofuels are bioetanol and biodiesel, because of the many properties they have: use for the two most common types of transport (gasoline and motor vehicles). Diesel engine has many properties similar to fossil fuels, but cleaner and cleaner; produced from abundant and renewable materials such as sugar, starch, animal and vegetable fats and oils. The paper presents the heating methods for the use of high-viscosity fuels for diesel engines.

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KNIAZIEWICZ, Tomasz, and Leszek PIASECZNY. "Selected aspects of application of dual fuel marine engines." Combustion Engines 148, no. 1 (February 1, 2012): 25–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.19206/ce-117048.

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The paper presents examples of application of dual fuel marine engines based on the expertise of the largest marine engine manufacturers. The fueling systems of these engines have been presented as fueled with fuel gases in various combinations with liquid fuels. Examples of the application of dual fuel engines in vessels as well as variants of the powertrains have been shown. The results of own simulation research (Monte Carlo method) have also been presented related to the NOx emission from a variety of vessels operating in the area of the Bay of Gdansk proving that the use of engines fueled with fuel gas may indeed reduce the emission of NOx from marine vessels operating in this area.

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Zhang, De Fu, Hui Chao Xiao, and Xiao Chuan Zhang. "A Review of Biodiesel Appication on Marine Engine." Applied Mechanics and Materials 448-453 (October 2013): 1660–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.448-453.1660.

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The classification and fuel properties were stated for the alternative fuels applied on the internal combustion (I.C.) engines. The studies concerning biodiesel as fuel operating on marine engine were presented in this paper. Major obstacles in biodiesel application such as biodiesel compatibility, feedstock, production cost, supply chain and nitrogen oxide emission from engines were investigated based on experimental research and practical applications onboard ship and the feasible strategy were explored.

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Choi, Iksoo, and Changhee Lee. "Numerical Study on Nitrogen Oxide and Black Carbon Reduction of Marine Diesel Engines Using Emulsified Marine Diesel Oil." Sustainability 11, no. 22 (November 12, 2019): 6347. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11226347.

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In this study, the exhaust gas characteristics of marine diesel oil (MDO) and emulsion fuels, which are currently used to reduce nitrogen oxides and particulate matters emitted from ship engines, were investigated through experimental and numerical analyses. The moisture included in the emulsion fuel primarily promotes the atomization of fuel due to microexplosion, and lowers the combustion temperature due to the latent heat of evaporation from the evaporation of moisture, thus reducing nitrogen oxides and particulate matter. In the case of emulsion fuel containing a water content of 16%, the combustion temperature was lowered, and the reduction rate of nitrogen oxide and black carbon was about 60% and 15%, respectively. The proposed method is a combustion control technology that can reduce particulate matter as well as nitrogen oxides by using emulsion fuel.

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Ammar, Nader R., and Ahmed I. Farag. "CFD Modeling of Syngas Combustion and Emissions for Marine Gas Turbine Applications." Polish Maritime Research 23, no. 3 (September 1, 2016): 39–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pomr-2016-0030.

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Abstract Strong restrictions on emissions from marine power plants will probably be adopted in the near future. One of the measures which can be considered to reduce exhaust gases emissions is the use of alternative fuels. Synthesis gases are considered competitive renewable gaseous fuels which can be used in marine gas turbines for both propulsion and electric power generation on ships. The paper analyses combustion and emission characteristics of syngas fuel in marine gas turbines. Syngas fuel is burned in a gas turbine can combustor. The gas turbine can combustor with swirl is designed to burn the fuel efficiently and reduce the emissions. The analysis is performed numerically using the computational fluid dynamics code ANSYS FLUENT. Different operating conditions are considered within the numerical runs. The obtained numerical results are compared with experimental data and satisfactory agreement is obtained. The effect of syngas fuel composition and the swirl number values on temperature contours, and exhaust gas species concentrations are presented in this paper. The results show an increase of peak flame temperature for the syngas compared to natural gas fuel combustion at the same operating conditions while the NO emission becomes lower. In addition, lower CO2 emissions and increased CO emissions at the combustor exit are obtained for the syngas, compared to the natural gas fuel.

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Sun, Xiuxiu, Xingyu Liang, Gequn Shu, Hanzhengnan Yu, and Hai Liu. "Development of surrogate fuels for heavy fuel oil in marine engine." Energy 185 (October 2019): 961–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2019.07.085.

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Mandić, Nikola, Helena Ukić Boljat, Toni Kekez, and Lidija Runko Luttenberger. "Multicriteria Analysis of Alternative Marine Fuels in Sustainable Coastal Marine Traffic." Applied Sciences 11, no. 6 (March 15, 2021): 2600. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11062600.

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Marine transportation is considered to be one of the most important aspects of global transportation services. Due to the increase in marine transportation, there are significant impacts on the marine environment. One of the possible measures for mitigation of the environmental impact could be switching to environmentally friendly fuel. However, the alternative fuel selection process is considered to be a problem due to various criteria to be considered and stakeholders that should be involved in the selection process. The aim of this paper is to demonstrate the application of multicriteria analysis as a decision-support tool for the alternative marine fuel selection problem in coastal marine traffic. The suggested methodology takes into account environmental, technological, and economic aspects, and ensures the participation of different stakeholders in the selection process. The priority ranking of the alternatives is based on a combination of the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Simple Additive Weighting (SAW). The implementation of this method considers the involvement of relevant stakeholders through evaluation of the criteria weights and performance of each alternative with respect to each criterion. The method is applied for the case study of Croatia, where the results demonstrated that the best alternative for all stakeholders is electric propulsion, even though there are differences in opinions and perceptions with respect to the objectives and criteria. The findings of this analysis, likely the first of this type in this area, can serve as a solid basis for strategic planning.

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Park, Hee-Woo, Kang-Woo Chun, and Jin-Hee Kim. "Basic study of residual marine fuels quality." Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Engineering 40, no. 4 (May 31, 2016): 362–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.5916/jkosme.2016.40.4.362.

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Mineyama, Takashi, and Nobuyuki Awai. "Research on Combustion of Marine Heavy Fuels." JOURNAL OF THE MARINE ENGINEERING SOCIETY IN JAPAN 24, no. 1 (1989): 44–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5988/jime1966.24.44.

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Hanashima, Osamu. "Ignition and Combustion Characteristics of Marine Fuels." Journal of The Japan Institute of Marine Engineering 43, no. 1 (2008): 27–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.5988/jime.43.27.

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Crutchley, Ian, and Michael Green. "Lubricity Characteristics of Marine Distill ate Fuels." MTZ industrial 2, no. 2 (March 16, 2012): 58–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1365/s40353-012-0041-x.

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He, Chang Wei. "The Current Situation of the Development of Biofuels and Main Technical Problems." Advanced Materials Research 827 (October 2013): 244–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.827.244.

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This paper provides three types of modern bio-fuels transformation approach, and the corresponding products as well as their world-wide production and application situation. The paper also analyses the advantage and disadvantage of Marine biological fuel and current challenges. Developing bio-fuels should not simply consider energy exploitation, but should concern setting up matched production system and multi-functional frameworks, highly integrating environmental, social, and economic resources, so as to achieve goal of long-term sustainable development.

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Ovaska, Teemu, Seppo Niemi, Katriina Sirviö, Sonja Heikkilä, Kaj Portin, and Tomas Asplund. "Effect of Alternative Liquid Fuels on the Exhaust Particle Size Distributions of a Medium-Speed Diesel Engine." Energies 12, no. 11 (May 29, 2019): 2050. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12112050.

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We mainly aimed to determine how alternative liquid fuels affect the exhaust particle size distributions (PSD) emitted by a medium-speed diesel engine. The selected alternative fuels included: circulation-origin marine gas oil (MGO), the 26/74 vol. % blend of renewable naphtha and baseline low-sulfur marine light fuel oil (LFO), and kerosene. PSDs were measured by means of an engine exhaust particle sizer from the raw exhaust of a four-cylinder, turbocharged, intercooled engine. During the measurements, the engine was loaded by an alternator, the maximum power output being set at 600 kW(e) at a speed of 1000 rpm. The partial loads of 450, 300, 150 and 60 kW(e) were also used for measurements. At each load, the PSDs had a distinct peak between 20 and 100 nm regardless of fuel. Relative to the other fuels, circulation-origin MGO emitted the lowest particle numbers at several loads despite having the highest viscosity and highest density. Compared to baseline LFO and kerosene, MGO and the blend of renewable naphtha and LFO were more beneficial in terms of total particle number (TPN). Irrespective of the load or fuel, the TPN consisted mainly of particles detected above the 23 nm size category.

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Corbett, James J., and James J. Winebrake. "Emissions Tradeoffs among Alternative Marine Fuels: Total Fuel Cycle Analysis of Residual Oil, Marine Gas Oil, and Marine Diesel Oil." Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association 58, no. 4 (April 2008): 538–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3155/1047-3289.58.4.538.

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Wilcox, Robb, Mark Burrows, Sujit Ghosh, and Bilal M. Ayyub. "Risk-Based Technology Method for the Safety Assessment of Marine Compressed Natural Gas Fuel Systems." Marine Technology and SNAME News 38, no. 03 (July 1, 2001): 193–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/mt1.2001.38.3.193.

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The introduction of alternative fuels (other than diesel oil or gasoline) for some commercially operated marine vessels presents a problem to marine regulators and designers since accepted standards and U.S. Coast Guard policy have not been established. Establishing safe design criteria is a common problem with the introduction of new technologies, novel concepts, and complex systems. In order to determine design safety for novel marine concepts such as compressed natural gas (CNG) fuel, a formal system safety approach may be used. Risk-based technologies (RBT) provide techniques to facilitate the proactive evaluation of system safety through risk assessment, risk control, risk management, and risk communication. The proposed outfitting of a CNG fuel system on the Kings Pointer training vessel is discussed as a specific marine application of CNG fuel and an appropriate situation for applying system safety techniques.

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Brown, Carl E., Richard Marois, Gregory E. Myslicki, Mervin F. Fingas, and Ron C. Mackay. "Remote Detection of Submerged Orimulsion with a Range-Gated Laser Fluorosensor." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 2003, no. 1 (April 1, 2003): 779–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-2003-1-779.

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ABSTRACT Bituminous fuels (in the form of water-based emulsions) are increasingly being used as fuel sources in many countries. When spilled in a marine environment, these emulsified fuels initially disperse and then, under certain circumstances, coalesce to become highly adhesive to beaches and shorelines. These fuels may either float or submerge, depending on the salinity of the water into which the spill occurs. Similar situations are known to occur with some conventional heavy fuels, as was the case with the Erika incident off the coast of France. Technologies to detect these neutrally buoyant and/or submerged fuels are urgently needed. The remote detection of submerged oil is a daunting task. The majority of sensors commonly used for the detection of surface oil slicks are of no use for the detection of submerged oil. Environment Canada and the Canadian Coast Guard have recently undertaken a series of bench-scale studies to develop technologies for the real-time remote detection of neutrally buoyant and/or submerged fuels in the marine environment. The unique capabilities of “active sensors” such as laser fluorosensors are being evaluated for the subsurface detection of heavy petroleum products. The detection of submerged Orimulsion by laser-induced fluorescence has been demonstrated at a distance of 81 m (265 feet) in a small test tank. Further experiments are underway to confirm the real-time detection of submerged Orimulsion, initially on the ground, and then through airborne tests.

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Nuortila, Carolin, Riikka Help, Katriina Sirviö, Helena Suopanki, Sonja Heikkilä, and Seppo Niemi. "Selected Fuel Properties of Alcohol and Rapeseed Oil Blends." Energies 13, no. 15 (July 25, 2020): 3821. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13153821.

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The alcohols ethanol and 1-butanol are interesting options as blending components for renewable fuels. We studied whether it is possible to mix these alcohols with a little refined material, rapeseed oil, to obtain stable fuel samples. At room temperature, the stable samples consisted of rapeseed oil blended with butanol at 5 vol-%, 10 vol-%, 20 vol-%, 30 vol-% and one sample of rapeseed oil with 5 vol-% of ethanol. The samples’ fuel properties analysed were kinematic viscosity (at 40 °C), density (at 15 °C) and surface tension. Cold filter plugging point was measured for rapeseed oil with 20 vol-% and 30 vol-% of butanol. Stability of butanol or ethanol and rapeseed oil blends can be achieved at the studied volumes. The density of neat rapeseed oil and all the alcohol–rapeseed oil blends met the requirements set for residual marine fuels. The 30 vol-% butanol–rapeseed oil blend met the requirements for distillate marine oil for density, and almost for kinematic viscosity. The blends appeared most suitable for power plants and marine engines. More detailed analyses of their properties are needed before recommendations for use can be given.

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Cermeño, Pedro. "The geological story of marine diatoms and the last generation of fossil fuels." Perspectives in Phycology 3, no. 2 (September 9, 2016): 53–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/pip/2016/0050.

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El Gohary, Mohamed M., and Nader R. Ammar. "Thermodynamic analysis of alternative marine fuels for marine gas turbine power plants." Journal of Marine Science and Application 15, no. 1 (February 24, 2016): 95–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11804-016-1346-x.

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López-Rosales, Alan, Katia Ancona-Canché, Juan Chavarria-Hernandez, Felipe Barahona-Pérez, Tanit Toledano-Thompson, Gloria Garduño-Solórzano, Silvia López-Adrian, Blondy Canto-Canché, Erik Polanco-Lugo, and Ruby Valdez-Ojeda. "Fatty Acids, Hydrocarbons and Terpenes of Nannochloropsis and Nannochloris Isolates with Potential for Biofuel Production." Energies 12, no. 1 (December 31, 2018): 130. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12010130.

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Marine microalgae are a promising feedstock for biofuel production given their high growth rates and biomass production together with cost reductions due to the use of seawater for culture preparation. However, different microalgae species produce different families of compounds. Some compounds could be used directly as fuels, while others require thermochemical processing to obtain quality biofuels. This work focuses on the characterization of three marine microalgae strains native in Mexico and reported for the first time. Ultrastructure and phylogenetic analysis, suggested that they belong to Nannochloropsis sp. (NSRE-1 and NSRE-2) and Nannochloris sp. (NRRE-1). The composition of their lipid fractions included hydrocarbons, triacylglycerides (TAGs), free fatty acids (FFAs) and terpenes. Based on theoretical estimations from TAG and FFA composition, the potential biodiesels were found to comply with six of the seven estimated properties (ASTM D6751 and EN 14214). On the other hand, hydrocarbons and terpenes synthesized by the strains have outstanding potential as precursors for the production of other renewable fuels, mainly green diesel and bio-jet fuel, which are “drop-in” fuels with quality properties similar to fossil fuels. The validity of this theoretical analysis was demonstrated for the oxygenates of strain NSRE-2, which were experimentally hydrodeoxygenated, obtaining a high-quality renewable diesel as the reaction product.

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KORCZEWSKI, Zbigniew. "Methodology for determining the elemental composition, as well as energy and ignition properties of the low-sulfur marine fuels." Combustion Engines 186, no. 3 (September 13, 2021): 96–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.19206/ce-141573.

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The key metrological issue of substance and energy balance in research engines is the precise determination of the ele-mental composition of the applied fuel and its net calorific value. This makes it possible to calculate the amount of heat brought with the fuel into the combustion chamber, as well as the amount and gas composition of the exhaust. However, to fully assess the energy quality of the fuel used, its ignition properties should also be estimated. They determine the combustion kinetics and, consequently, the course of gas pressure alterations and heat release in the cylinder, which have a direct impact on the indicated power and thermal efficiency of the engine. This article presents the methodology for carrying out this type of laboratory tests and their representative results con-cerning six different low-sulfur marine fuels used to feed marine engines at present. The considerations focus mainly on measurement technology, as well as the measuring apparatus applied today. Additionally some existing metrological difficulties that might be met were shortly described. The laboratory tests in question stand for the first stage of the program of testing a new kind of low-sulfur marine fuels in real operating conditions of a diesel engine, which was carried out at the Department of Ship Power Plants of the Gdańsk University of Technology.

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Khoroshev, V., L. Popov, and R. Gatin. "Prospects of alternative fuels for marine power plants." Transactions of the Krylov State Research Centre 4, no. 390 (November 26, 2019): 194–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.24937/2542-2324-2019-4-390-194-202.

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Bengtsson, S., K. Andersson, and E. Fridell. "A comparative life cycle assessment of marine fuels." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part M: Journal of Engineering for the Maritime Environment 225, no. 2 (May 2011): 97–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1475090211402136.

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Deniz, Cengiz, and Burak Zincir. "Environmental and economical assessment of alternative marine fuels." Journal of Cleaner Production 113 (February 2016): 438–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.11.089.

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Kondrasheva, N. K. "Marine fuels from products of deep petroleum refining." Chemistry and Technology of Fuels and Oils 25, no. 11 (November 1989): 529–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00726818.

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Andra Luciana, Turcanu, Carmen Gasparotti, and Eugen Rusu. "Green fuels — A new challenge for marine industry." Energy Reports 7 (September 2021): 127–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.egyr.2021.06.020.

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Lin, Cherng-Yuan, Tze-Chin Pan, and Che-Shiung Cheng. "A Comparative Study on the Combustion Characteristics of Burning Droplets of Marine Fuel Oils." Journal of Ship Research 38, no. 04 (December 1, 1994): 349–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/jsr.1994.38.4.349.

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An experimental study conducted on a single oil droplet suspended on a quartz filament is carried out to investigate the effects of droplet size and heating time on the combustion characteristics of marine fuel oils. Fuel oils A and C, which approximate ASTM Nos. 2 and 6 fuel oils, respectively, are considered in this study primarily due to their frequent applications in marine power plants. The properties of these fuels are widely different; marine diesel fuel oil A is a distillate oil of miscible multi-components while heavy fuel oil C is known as a residual oil containing considerable amounts of immiscible matter. The combustion phenomena are observed by cinematography. The results show that the influences of droplet size and heating time on the combustion characteristics of flame length, flame appearance, soot, ignition delay, and overall burning rate vary for these two fuel oils to a significant extent. The reasons for these variations are discussed.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Marine fuels'

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