Journal articles: 'Marine Gas-turbines'

1

Brady, C. O., and D. L. Luck. "The Increased Use of Gas Turbines as Commercial Marine Engines." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 116, no. 2 (April 1, 1994): 428–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2906839.

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Over the last three decades, aeroderivative gas turbines have become established naval ship propulsion engines, but use in the commercial marine field has been more limited. Today, aeroderivative gas turbines are being increasingly utilized as commercial marine engines. The primary reason for the increased use of gas turbines is discussed and several recent GE aeroderivative gas turbine commercial marine applications are described with particular aspects of the gas turbine engine installations detailed. Finally, the potential for future commercial marine aeroderivative gas turbine applications is presented.

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Langston, Lee S. "Riding the Surge." Mechanical Engineering 135, no. 05 (May 1, 2013): 37–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2013-may-2.

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This article explores the advantages of gas turbines in the marine industry. Marine gas turbines, which are designed specifically for use on ships, have long been one of the segments of the gas turbine market. One advantage that gas turbines have over conventional marine diesels is volume. Gas turbines are the prime movers for the modern combined cycle electric power plant. Both CFM International (a joint venture of General Electric and France’s Snecma) and Pratt & Whitney are working on new engines for this multibillion dollar single-aisle, narrow-body market. Pratt & Whitney’s new certified PW1500G geared turbofans will have a first flight powering the first Bombardier CSeries aircraft. On land, sea, and air, the surge in gas turbine production is remarkable. The experts suggest that what the steam engine was to the 19th century and the internal combustion engine was to the 20th, the gas turbine might be to the 21st century: the ubiquitous prime mover of choice.

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Birk, A. M., and W. R. Davis. "Suppressing the Infrared Signatures of Marine Gas Turbines." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 111, no. 1 (January 1, 1989): 123–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3240210.

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The exhaust plumes and visible areas of the engine exhaust ducting associated with marine gas turbines are major sources of infrared (IR) radiation on ships. These high-radiance sources make excellent targets for IR-guided threats. In recent years significant efforts have been made to reduce or eliminate these high-radiance sources to increase the survivability of naval and commercial ships when sailing in high-risk areas of the world. Typical IR signature suppression (IRSS) systems incorporate film cooling of visible metal sources, optical blockage to eliminate direct line-of-sight visibility of hot exhaust system parts, and cooling air injection and mixing for plume cooling. Because the metal surfaces radiate as near black bodies, every attempt is made to reduce the temperatures of the visible surfaces to near ambient conditions. The exhaust gases radiate selectively and therefore do not have to be cooled to the same degree as the metal surfaces. The present paper briefly describes the motivation for incorporating IRSS into the exhaust systems of marine power plants. IRSS hardware developed in Canada by the Canadian Department of National Defence and Davis Engineering Limited is presented along with details of their operating principles. A typical installation is presented and discussed. Design impacts on the ship are described with reference to engine back pressure, noise, and weight and center of gravity effects.

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Condé, J. F. G., G. C. Booth, and A. F. Taylor. "Protection against hot corrosion in marine gas turbines." Materials Science and Technology 2, no. 3 (March 1986): 314–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/mst.1986.2.3.314.

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Gribinichenko, M. V., A. V. Kurenskii, and N. V. Sinenko. "Axial bearing with gas lubrication for marine turbines." Russian Engineering Research 33, no. 10 (October 2013): 566–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s1068798x13100067.

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Karstensen, K. W., and J. O. Wiggins. "A Variable-Geometry Power Turbine for Marine Gas Turbines." Journal of Turbomachinery 112, no. 2 (April 1, 1990): 165–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2927629.

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Gas turbines have been accepted in naval surface ship applications, and considerable effort has been made to improve their fuel consumption, particularly at part-load operation. This is an important parameter for shipboard engines because both propulsion and electrical-generator engines spend most of their lives operating at off-design power. An effective way to improve part-load efficiency of recuperated gas turbines is by using a variable power turbine nozzle. This paper discusses the successful use of variable power turbine nozzles in several applications in a family of engines developed for vehicular, industrial, and marine use. These engines incorporate a variable power turbine nozzle and primary surface recuperator to yield specific fuel consumption that rivals that of medium speed diesels. The paper concentrates on the experience with the variable nozzle, tracing its derivation from an existing fixed vane nozzle and its use across a wide range of engine sizes and applications. Emphasis is placed on its potential in marine propulsion and auxiliary gas turbines.

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Langston, Lee S. "Whisper and Roar." Mechanical Engineering 136, no. 07 (July 1, 2014): 38–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2014-jul-2.

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This article focuses on the use of gas turbines for electrical power, mechanical drive, and marine applications. Marine gas turbines are used to generate electrical power for propulsion and shipboard use. Combined-cycle electric power plants, made possible by the gas turbine, continue to grow in size and unmatched thermal efficiency. These plants combine the use of the gas turbine Brayton cycle with that of the steam turbine Rankine cycle. As future combined cycle plants are introduced, we can expect higher efficiencies to be reached. Since almost all recent and new U.S. electrical power plants are powered by natural gas-burning, high-efficiency gas turbines, one has solid evidence of their contribution to the greenhouse gas reduction. If coal-fired thermal power plants, with a fuel-to-electricity efficiency of around 33%, are swapped out for combined-cycle power plants with efficiencies on the order of 60%, it will lead to a 70% reduction in carbon emissions per unit of electricity produced.

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Bai, Mingliang, Jinfu Liu, Yujia Ma, Xinyu Zhao, Zhenhua Long, and Daren Yu. "Long Short-Term Memory Network-Based Normal Pattern Group for Fault Detection of Three-Shaft Marine Gas Turbine." Energies 14, no. 1 (December 22, 2020): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14010013.

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Fault detection and diagnosis can improve safety and reliability of gas turbines. Current studies on gas turbine fault detection and diagnosis mainly focus on the case of abundant fault samples. However, fault data are rare or even unavailable for gas turbines, especially newly-run gas turbines. Aiming to realize fault detection with only normal data, this paper proposes the concept of normal pattern group. A group of long-short term memory (LSTM) networks are first used for characterizing the mapping relationships among measurable parameters of healthy three-shaft gas turbines. Experiments show that the proposed method can detect all 13 common gas path faults of three-shaft gas turbines sensitively while remaining low false alarm rate. Comparison experiment with single normal pattern model verifies the necessaries and superiorities of using normal pattern group. Meanwhile, comparison between LSTM network and other methods including support vector regression, single-layer feedforward neural network, extreme learning machine and Elman recurrent neural network verifies the superiorities of LSTM network in fault detection. Furthermore, comparison experiment with four common one-class classifiers further verifies the superiorities of the proposed method. This also indicates the superiorities of data-driven methods and gas turbine principle fusion to some extent.

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9

Sanneman, Bruce N. "Pioneering Gas Turbine-Electric System in Cruise Ships: A Performance Update." Marine Technology and SNAME News 41, no. 04 (October 1, 2004): 161–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/mt1.2004.41.4.161.

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Recent marine projects have extended the range of applications for GE's LM aeroderivative gas turbines in commercial marine markets. The world's first all gas turbine-powered cruise ship, GTS Millennium, entered service in June 2000. The in-service performance of the combined gas turbine electric and steam system (COGES) will be discussed further in this paper.

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Altosole, Marco, Giovanni Benvenuto, Ugo Campora, Michele Laviola, and Alessandro Trucco. "Waste Heat Recovery from Marine Gas Turbines and Diesel Engines." Energies 10, no. 5 (May 18, 2017): 718. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en10050718.

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11

McCreath, C. G., and J. F. G. Condé. "Hot corrosion in marine gas turbines – some aspects of mechanisms." Materials Science and Technology 2, no. 3 (March 1986): 324–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/mst.1986.2.3.324.

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YOSHIKI, Haruo. "A Role of Gas Turbines for Problems of Energy and Environment : National Projects of Land and Marine Gas Turbines." Proceedings of Conference of Kansai Branch 2001.76 (2001): _1–9_—_1–14_. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmekansai.2001.76._1-9_.

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13

Wiggins, J. O. "The “Axi-Fuge”—A Novel Compressor." Journal of Turbomachinery 108, no. 2 (October 1, 1986): 240–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3262043.

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Modifying a simple-cycle gas turbine to include heat exchangers can improve its thermal efficiency significantly (as much as 20 percent). Advanced regenerative and intercooled regenerative gas turbines for marine application have recently been the subject of numerous studies, most of which have shown that lower fuel consumption can be achieved by adding heat exchangers to existing simple-cycle gas turbines. Additional improvements in thermal efficiency are available by increasing the efficiency of the turbomachinery itself, particularly that of the gas turbine’s air compressor. Studies by Caterpillar Tractor Company and Solar Turbines Incorporated on a recuperated, variable-geometry gas turbine indicate an additional 8 to 10 percent improvement in thermal efficiency is possible when an improved higher efficiency compressor is included in the gas turbine modification. During these studies a novel compressor, the Axi-Fuge, was devised. This paper discusses the Axi-Fuge concept, its origin, design criteria and approach, and some test results.

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Langston, Lee S. "Forward Future." Mechanical Engineering 137, no. 06 (June 1, 2015): 32–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2015-jun-1.

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This study analyses the changes that gas turbines have brought in the field of air and land transport and technology. The worldwide production of gas turbines includes the commercial and military aviation markets, as well as non-aviation markets for electrical generation, marine applications, and mechanical power. In recent years, gas turbine combined-cycle plants have become key players in the generation of electric power. Aviation gas turbines make up the largest segment, whereas, the non-aviation gas turbine market is characterized by a particular vitality and volatility. The original equipment manufacturers (OEM) who supply large gas turbine combined-cycle plants are General Electric (GE), Siemens, Mitsubishi, and Alstom. And soon, the industry will be consolidated further, as GE is in the process of acquiring the power segment of Alstom, thus narrowing the field of large plant OEMs to a big three – similar to the threesome in aviation: GE, Rolls-Royce, and Pratt & Whitney – with GE in the lead.

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15

Ammar, Nader R., and Ahmed I. Farag. "CFD Modeling of Syngas Combustion and Emissions for Marine Gas Turbine Applications." Polish Maritime Research 23, no. 3 (September 1, 2016): 39–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pomr-2016-0030.

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Abstract Strong restrictions on emissions from marine power plants will probably be adopted in the near future. One of the measures which can be considered to reduce exhaust gases emissions is the use of alternative fuels. Synthesis gases are considered competitive renewable gaseous fuels which can be used in marine gas turbines for both propulsion and electric power generation on ships. The paper analyses combustion and emission characteristics of syngas fuel in marine gas turbines. Syngas fuel is burned in a gas turbine can combustor. The gas turbine can combustor with swirl is designed to burn the fuel efficiently and reduce the emissions. The analysis is performed numerically using the computational fluid dynamics code ANSYS FLUENT. Different operating conditions are considered within the numerical runs. The obtained numerical results are compared with experimental data and satisfactory agreement is obtained. The effect of syngas fuel composition and the swirl number values on temperature contours, and exhaust gas species concentrations are presented in this paper. The results show an increase of peak flame temperature for the syngas compared to natural gas fuel combustion at the same operating conditions while the NO emission becomes lower. In addition, lower CO2 emissions and increased CO emissions at the combustor exit are obtained for the syngas, compared to the natural gas fuel.

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16

Domachowski, Zygfryd, and Marek Dzida. "Applicability of Inlet Air Fogging to Marine Gas Turbine." Polish Maritime Research 26, no. 1 (March 1, 2019): 15–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pomr-2019-0002.

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Abstract The dependency of marine gas turbine on the ambient temperature leads to a decrease of the gas turbine power output in arid areas. Very often gas turbine power output demand is high and the power margins originally designed into the driver, has been exhausted. In such circumstances the inlet air fogging is an effective compensation of gas turbine power. In this paper an analysis of inlet air fogging applicability to marine gas turbine has been conducted. Different areas of ship’s voyage have been taken into account. The use of inlet air fogging in marine gas turbine must be evaluated on the basis of turbine characteristics, climate profile of ship’s voyage, and expectations of gas turbine power augmentation. The authors expect that the considerations provide useful guidance for users of marine gas turbines to decide the feasibility of installing an inlet air fogging system.

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17

Kotov, V., A. Pankratov, and V. Barskov. "Prospects of additive technologies and polymer applications in marine gas turbines." Transactions of the Krylov State Research Centre 4, no. 390 (November 26, 2019): 151–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.24937/2542-2324-2019-4-390-151-162.

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Alzayedi, Abdulaziz M. T., Amit Batra, Suresh Sampath, and Pericles Pilidis. "Techno-Environmental Mission Evaluation of Combined Cycle Gas Turbines for Large Container Ship Propulsion." Energies 15, no. 12 (June 17, 2022): 4426. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15124426.

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The stringent regulations set by the International Maritime Organization on pollutant emissions combined with the rise in fuel prices have stimulated research on cleaner fuels and new propulsion systems. This study describes a new method for evaluating alternative technologies and cleaner fuels that can be utilised in the marine sector to replace heavy fuel oil and diesel engines, and thus improve their performance while lowering carbon dioxide and nitrogen oxide emissions. The proposed techno-environmental technique allows consistent evaluation of simple intercooler/reheat gas and steam combined cycles fuelled by marine diesel fuel and liquefied natural gas, instead of a two-stroke diesel engine fuelled by marine diesel fuel, as a propulsion system of a large container ship. The implementation of the enhanced combined gas and steam cycles, and combined gas and steam cycles, fuelled by liquefied natural gas, increases the engine’s efficiency by 11% as compared with that of two-stroke diesel engines that run on marine diesel oil, while decreasing carbon dioxide and nitrogen oxide emissions by 44.7% and 76.3%, respectively. In addition, the advantages of using a gas and steam combined cycle to burn LNG over the gas and steam combined cycle for burning marine diesel oil are demonstrated.

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Sylvestre, R. A., and R. J. Dupuis. "The Evolution of Marine Gas Turbine Controls." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 112, no. 2 (April 1, 1990): 176–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2906158.

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The background and evolution of gas turbine fuel controls is examined in this paper from a Naval perspective. The initial application of aeroderivative gas turbines to Navy ships utilized the engine’s existing aircraft fuel controls, which were coupled to the ship’s hydropneumatic machinery control system. These engines were adapted to Naval requirements by including engine specific functions. The evolution of Naval gas turbine controllers first to analog electronic, and more recently, to distributed digital controls, has increased the system complexity and added a number of levels of machinery protection. The design of a specific electronic control module is used to illustrate the current state of the technology. The paper concludes with a discussion of the further need to address the issues of fuel handling, metering and control in Navy ships with particular emphasis on integration in the marine environment.

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Al-Mamoori, Dalya H., Mohanad H. Aljanabi, Ali Assim Alobaidi, Omar Muhammed Neda, and Zaid H. Al-Tameemi. "Evaluation of gas fuel and biofuel usage in turbine." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 14, no. 3 (June 1, 2019): 1097. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v14.i3.pp1097-1104.

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<p>Modern gas turbines are a significant source for power generation and prime mover for marine propulsion. The depleting fossil fuel sources have provided a cue for broader implementation and usage of renewable energy. Biofuel has been touted as a substitute for natural gas to power gas turbines. To confirm the dependability and reliability of this attempt in a complex multi-domain system, for example, the gas turbine, the fuel system of the micro-gas turbine is designed and modelled using MATLAB Simulink. The model; simulates the; transient and steady state of a gas turbine’s nominal functional situations. Evaluations between the field data and; simulation outcomes validate a high degree of correspondence. The fuel system in the micro;-gas turbine simulation model is also optimized with the experimental data. </p>

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Mrzljak, Vedran, Igor Poljak, Jasna Prpić-Oršić, and Maro Jelić. "Exergy analysis of marine waste heat recovery CO2 closed-cycle gas turbine system." Pomorstvo 34, no. 2 (December 21, 2020): 309–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.31217/p.34.2.12.

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This paper presents an exergy analysis of marine waste heat recovery CO2 closed-cycle gas turbine system. Based on the operating parameters obtained in system exploitation, it is performed analysis of each system component individually, as well as analysis of the whole observed system. While observing all heat exchangers it is found that combustion gases-CO2 heat exchangers have the lowest exergy destructions and the highest exergy efficiencies (higher than 92%). The lowest exergy efficiency of all heat exchangers is detected in Cooler (51.84%). Observed system is composed of two gas turbines and two compressors. The analysis allows detection of dominant mechanical power producer and the dominant mechanical power consumer. It is also found that the turbines from the observed system have much higher exergy efficiencies in comparison to compressors (exergy efficiency of both turbines is higher than 94%, while exergy efficiency of both compressors did not exceed 87%). The whole observed waste heat recovery system has exergy destruction equal to 6270.73 kW, while the exergy efficiency of the whole system is equal to 64.12% at the selected ambient state. Useful mechanical power produced by the whole system and used for electrical generator drive equals 11204.80 kW. The obtained high exergy efficiency of the whole observed system proves its application on-board ships.

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Strangman, T. E., and J. L. Schienle. "Tailoring Zirconia Coatings for Performance in a Marine Gas Turbine Environment." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 112, no. 4 (October 1, 1990): 531–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2906200.

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Zirconia coatings represent an advanced materials technology that offers significant durability and performance benefits for marine gas turbines. Thin zirconia coatings offer superior resistance to hot corrosion attack from fuel (sulfur, vanadium, and sodium) and air (sea salt) impurities present in marine engine environments. Thicker zirconia coatings reduce transient thermal stresses and heat transferred into air-cooled components. This paper describes the development of zirconia coatings, applied by the electron beam evaporation-physical vapor deposition process, that are tailored to provide superior durability in a marine engine environment.

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Valenti, Michael. "A Drier Way To Clean Turbines." Mechanical Engineering 120, no. 03 (March 1, 1998): 98–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1998-mar-7.

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A high-pressure injection system that needs less water to clean gas turbines than conventional methods can reduce equipment maintenance costs for aircraft, offshore platforms, and power plants. Gas Turbine Efficiency (GTE) in Jarfalla, Sweden, has developed a high-pressure injection system that cleans turbines using atomized droplets and needs 90 percent less liquid than previous methods. With this technique, the operators of offshore oil platforms, power plants, refineries, and aircraft in several countries are reducing the purchase costs of new fluids, the disposal costs of spent cleaning fluids, and maintenance downtime. In creating their washing system, designers considered the differences in cleaning aviation and stationary engines. The turbine-washing system is available in mobile versions for aircraft engines and permanently installed versions, for the off-line cleaning of stationary turbines. GTE also designed two models to serve the very small and very large turbines. The GTE 30 A services the small turbines, ranging from 0.5 to 10 megawatts, that are used in industrial, power-generation, marine, and test-cell applications as well as turboprop aircraft, turbofan craft, and helicopters.

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Dzida, Marek, and Wojciech Olszewski. "Comparing combined gas tubrine/steam turbine and marine low speed piston engine/steam turbine systems in naval applications." Polish Maritime Research 18, no. 4 (January 1, 2011): 43–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10012-011-0025-8.

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Comparing combined gas tubrine/steam turbine and marine low speed piston engine/steam turbine systems in naval applications The article compares combined systems in naval applications. The object of the analysis is the combined gas turbine/steam turbine system which is compared to the combined marine low-speed Diesel engine/steam turbine system. The comparison refers to the additional power and efficiency increase resulting from the use of the heat in the exhaust gas leaving the piston engine or the gas turbine. In the analysis a number of types of gas turbines with different exhaust gas temperatures and two large-power low-speed piston engines have been taken into account. The comparison bases on the assumption about comparable power ranges of the main engine.

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He, Yuliang, Gang Zhang, Xu Li, and Shiji Bian. "Structural Design and Performance Analysis of Tilting-pad Sliding Bearing for Marine gas Turbine." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2383, no. 1 (December 1, 2022): 012012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2383/1/012012.

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With the strategic transformation of our country’s navy, the defense capability of long distance needs to be improved, which has higher requirements on the reliability and life of gas turbines. Bearing system is one of the factors that restricts the life and reliability of gas turbines. The fundamental reason is that the rolling bearings used have limited life and low reliability. Since sliding bearings have higher reliability, longer service life and lower maintenance costs, in order to improve the operation stability of a certain type of gas turbine which works under complex conditions, the former supporting elements were replaced with the more reliable tilting-pad sliding bearings. Its structure is designed according to the original structural dimensions. After finishing the structure design, we analyze the static characteristics of the designed bearing from the aspects like oil film pressure, oil film thickness, bearing capacity and so on, combining with the relevant Matlab program and provide a reference for the subsequent theoretical analysis after completing the subsequent bearing on-machine test.

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Lampreia, Suzana, Valter Vairinhos, Victor Lobo, and José Requeijo. "A Statistical State Analysis of a Marine Gas Turbine." Actuators 8, no. 3 (July 8, 2019): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/act8030054.

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This paper describes the analysis, from a statistical point of view, of a maritime gas turbine, under various operating conditions, so as to determine its state. The data used concerns several functioning parameters of the turbines, such as temperatures and vibrations, environmental data, such as surrounding temperature, and past failures or quasi-failures of the equipment. The determination of the Mean Time Between Failures (MTBF) gives a rough estimate of the state of the turbine, but in this paper we show that it can be greatly improved with graphical and statistical analysis of data measured during operation. We apply the Laplace Test and calculate the gas turbine reliability using that data, to define the gas turbine failure tendency. Using these techniques, we can have a better estimate of the turbine’s state, and design a preventive observation, inspection and intervention plan.

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Wirkowski, Paweł. "Modelling the characteristics of axial compressor of variable flow passage geometry, working in the gas turbine engine system." Polish Maritime Research 14, no. 3 (July 1, 2007): 27–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10012-007-0015-z.

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Modelling the characteristics of axial compressor of variable flow passage geometry, working in the gas turbine engine system This paper concerns application of mathematical modelling methods to analyzing gas-dynamic processes in marine gas turbines. Influence of geometry changes in axial compressor flow passage on kinematical air flow characteristics, are presented. The elaborated mathematical model will make it possible to realize - in the future - simulative investigations of gas-dynamic processes taking place in a compressor fitted with controllable guide vanes.

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Yang, Qingcai, Shuying Li, Yunpeng Cao, Fengshou Gu, and Ann Smith. "A Gas Path Fault Contribution Matrix for Marine Gas Turbine Diagnosis Based on a Multiple Model Fault Detection and Isolation Approach." Energies 11, no. 12 (November 27, 2018): 3316. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11123316.

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To ensure reliable and efficient operation of gas turbines, multiple model (MM) approaches have been extensively studied for online fault detection and isolation (FDI). However, current MM-FDI approaches are difficult to directly apply to gas path FDI, which is one of the common faults in gas turbines and is understood to mainly be due to the high complexity and computation in updating hypothetical gas path faults for online applications. In this paper, a fault contribution matrix (FCM) based MM-FDI approach is proposed to implement gas path FDI over a wide operating range. As the FCM is realized via an additive term of the healthy model set, the hypothetical models for various gas path faults can be easily established and updated online. In addition, a gap metric analysis method for operating points selection is also proposed, which yields the healthy model set from the equal intervals linearized models to approximate the nonlinearity of the gas turbine over a wide range of operating conditions with specified accuracy and computational efficiency. Simulation case studies conducted on a two-shaft marine gas turbine demonstrated the proposed approach is capable of adaptively updating hypothetical model sets to accurately differentiate both single and multiple faults of various gas path faults.

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Imhoff, Thomas Buckley, Savvas Gkantonas, and Epaminondas Mastorakos. "Analysing the Performance of Ammonia Powertrains in the Marine Environment." Energies 14, no. 21 (November 8, 2021): 7447. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14217447.

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This study develops system-level models of ammonia-fuelled powertrains that reflect the characteristics of four oceangoing vessels to evaluate the efficacy of ammonia as an alternative fuel in the marine environment. Relying on thermodynamics, heat transfer, and chemical engineering, the models adequately capture the behaviour of internal combustion engines, gas turbines, fuel processing equipment, and exhaust aftertreatment components. The performance of each vessel is evaluated by comparing its maximum range and cargo capacity to a conventional vessel. Results indicate that per unit output power, ammonia-fuelled internal combustion engines are more efficient, require less catalytic material, and have lower auxiliary power requirements than ammonia gas turbines. Most merchant vessels are strong candidates for ammonia fuelling if the operators can overcome capacity losses between 4% and 9%, assuming that the updated vessels retain the same range as a conventional vessel. The study also establishes that naval vessels are less likely to adopt ammonia powertrains without significant redesigns. Ammonia as an alternative fuel in the marine sector is a compelling option if the detailed component design continues to show that the concept is practically feasible. The present data and models can help in such feasibility studies for a range of vessels and propulsion technologies.

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Domachowski, Zygfryd, and Marek Dzida. "Inlet Air Fogging of Marine Gas Turbine in Power Output Loss Compensation." Polish Maritime Research 22, no. 4 (December 1, 2015): 53–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pomr-2015-0071.

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Abstract The use of inlet air fogging installation to boost the power for gas turbine engines is widely applied in the power generation sector. The application of fogging to mechanical drive is rarely considered in literature [1]. This paper will cover some considerations relating to its application for gas turbines in ship drive. There is an important evaporative cooling potential throughout the world, when the dynamic data is evaluated, based on an analysis of coincident wet and dry bulb information. This data will allow ships’ gas turbine operators to make an assessment of the economics of evaporative fogging. The paper represents an introduction to the methodology and data analysis to derive the direct evaporative cooling potential to be used in marine gas turbine power output loss compensation.

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Bruce, C. J., and R. A. Cartwright. "Marine Gas Turbine Evaluation and Research at the Admiralty Test House, RAE Pyestock." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 114, no. 2 (April 1, 1992): 169–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2906566.

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The Admiralty Test House (ATH) at the Royal Aerospace Establishment Pyestock has provided test bed facilities for evaluation of marine gas turbines and ancillary equipments for Royal Naval use since 1952. While the ATH is presently undergoing an extensive refurbishment program in preparation for trials of the Rolls-Royce 20MW Spey SM1C, research continues on a number of innovative gas turbine condition monitoring techniques. This paper presents a brief history of the Marine Gas Turbine Section and describes the facilities of the ATH following major refurbishment. The capabilities of the steady-state and transient data gathering facilities are outlined, together with the automated engine and test control systems, which provide cost-effective engine evaluation in both endurance and minor equipment trials.

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Dvirna, Olha, and Natasza Zembrzuska. "Technological Methods of Ensuring the Reliability of Lock Connections in Marine Gas Turbines." Journal of KONBiN 52, no. 3 (September 1, 2022): 149–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jok-2022-0029.

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Abstract The article presents the test results of the surface quality parameters after broaching of heat-resistant steels of grades: 1.7335 (13CrMo4-5) and 1.4841 (X15CrNiSi25-20). The aim of the work is to determine the technological methods of obtaining the lowest treated surface roughness, surface layer hardening and the elimination of surface defects after broaching. To investigate the influence of cutting conditions (cutting speed, tool geometry and feed) on surface roughness and hardness, the physical modeling method of the broaching was used. As a result of the research, recommendations for improvement of the main parameters of the surface layer quality when broaching samples from selected grades of heat-resistant steels.

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Martin, P. "Det Norske Veritas Rule Philosophy With Regard to Gas Turbines for Marine Propulsion." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 121, no. 2 (April 1, 1999): 320–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2817123.

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Muir, D. E., H. I. H. Saravanamuttoo, and D. J. Marshall. "Health Monitoring of Variable Geometry Gas Turbines for the Canadian Navy." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 111, no. 2 (April 1, 1989): 244–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3240243.

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The Canadian Department of National Defence has identified a need for improved Engine Health Monitoring procedures for the new Canadian Patrol Frigate (CPF). The CPF propulsion system includes two General Electric LM2500 gas turbines, a high-pressure-ratio engine with multiple stages of compressor variable geometry. A general method for predicting the thermodynamic performance of variable geometry axial compressors has been developed. The new modeling technique is based on a meanline stage-stacking analysis and relies only on the limited performance data typically made available by engine manufacturers. The method has been applied to the LM2500-30 marine gas turbine and the variations in engine performance that can result from a malfunction of the variable geometry system in service have been estimated.

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35

Kerr, L. J., T. S. Nemec, and G. W. Gallops. "Real-Time Estimation of Gas Turbine Engine Damage Using a Control-Based Kalman Filter Algorithm." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 114, no. 2 (April 1, 1992): 187–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2906571.

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A second-generation Kalman filter algorithm is described that has sufficient accuracy and response for real-time detection and estimation of gas turbine engine gas path damage caused by normal wear, mechanical failures, and ingestion of foreign objects. The algorithm was developed for in-flight operation of aircraft engines but also has application for marine and industrial gas turbines. The control measurement and microcomputer requirements are described. The performance and sensitivity to engine transients and measurement errors is evaluated. The algorithm is demonstrated with actual engine data of ice and bird ingestion tests.

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36

Niculescu, Filip, Mirela Letitia Vasile, George Balan, Adrian Săvescu, and Roxana Nicolae. "Virtual Indication of the Torque for a Marine Gas Turbine." Technium: Romanian Journal of Applied Sciences and Technology 3, no. 10 (November 19, 2021): 74–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.47577/technium.v3i10.5140.

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Gas turbines are used in marine applications where high propulsion power is required compared to engine size and mass. In some cases, the torque and engine power developed cannot be measured with a special transducer implemented in applications or if there are indications, they need to be compared with the calculated torque indication. For this purpose, we developed in the engine control software application a mathematical model for calculating and displaying the torque and power developed by the engine. Through comparisons in the tests with the engine on the test bench, this mathematical model was refined. At this time the comparative sampled data can be used as a virtual indication of torque in cases where this is necessary.

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37

Haglind, F. "Variable geometry gas turbines for improving the part-load performance of marine combined cycles – Gas turbine performance." Energy 35, no. 2 (February 2010): 562–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2009.10.026.

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38

Langston, Lee S. "Fahrenheit 3,600." Mechanical Engineering 129, no. 04 (April 1, 2007): 34–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2007-apr-3.

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This article illustrates capabilities of gas turbines to be able to work in extremely elevated temperatures. The turbine airfoils in the new F135 jet engine that powers the Joint Strike Fighter (JSF) Lightning II are capable of operating at these extreme temperatures. The F135 gas turbine is the first production jet engine in this new 3,600°F class, designed to withstand these highest, record-breaking turbine inlet temperatures. The JSF engine is just one product in the $3.7 billion military gas turbine market, which includes jet engine production for the world’s fighter aircraft military cargo, transport, refuelling, and special-purpose aircraft. The article also discusses the features of H Class, which is the largest electric power gas turbine that has been interpreted as an abbreviation for humongous. Non-aviation gas turbines consist of electrical power generation, mechanical drive, and marine. The largest segment of that market by far is electrical power generation, in simple cycle, combined cycle, and cogeneration. Forecast International predicts significant growth in coming years in demand for gas turbine electrical power generation, rising from $8.6 billion in 2006 to a projected $13.5 billion in 2008, a 60 percent increase.

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39

Korakianitis, T., and K. J. Beier. "Investigation of the Part-Load Performance of Two 1.12 MW Regenerative Marine Gas Turbines." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 116, no. 2 (April 1, 1994): 418–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2906837.

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Regenerative and intercooled-regenerative gas turbine engines with low pressure ratio have significant efficiency advantages over traditional aero-derivative engines of higher pressure ratios, and can compete with modern diesel engines for marine propulsion. Their performance is extremely sensitive to thermodynamic-cycle parameter choices and the type of components. The performances of two 1.12 MW (1500 hp) regenerative gas turbines are predicted with computer simulations. One engine has a single-shaft configuration, and the other has a gas-generator/power-turbine combination. The latter arrangement is essential for wide off-design operating regime. The performance of each engine driving fixed-pitch and controllable-pitch propellers, or an AC electric bus (for electric-motor-driven propellers) is investigated. For commercial applications the controllable-pitch propeller may have efficiency advantages (depending on engine type and shaft arrangements). For military applications the electric drive provides better operational flexibility.

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Kvasnytskyi, Viktor V., Maksym V. Matviienko, Heorhii P. Mialnitsa, and Yevhen A. Buturlia. "INVESTIGATION OF BRAZING FILLER FOR BRAZING HIGH-TEMPERATURE NICKEL ALLOYS OF MARINE GAS TURBINES." Shipbuilding & marine infrastructure, no. 2 (2020): 65–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.15589/smi2020.2(14).7.

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Huang, Yu, and Xu Han. "Features of Earthquake-Induced Seabed Liquefaction and Mitigation Strategies of Novel Marine Structures." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 8, no. 5 (April 29, 2020): 310. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse8050310.

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With the accelerated development of marine engineering, a growing number of marine structures are being constructed (e.g., seabed pipelines, drilling platforms, oil platforms, wind turbines). However, seismic field investigations over recent decades have shown that many marine structures were damaged or destroyed due to liquefaction. Seismic liquefaction in marine engineering can have huge financial repercussions as well as a devastating effect on the marine environment, which merits our great attention. As the effects of seawater and the gas component in the seabed layers are not negligible, the seabed soil layers are more prone to liquefaction than onshore soil layers, and the liquefied area may be larger than when liquefaction occurs on land. To mitigate the impact of liquefaction events on marine engineering structures, some novel liquefaction-resistant marine structures have been proposed in recent years. This paper reviews the features of earthquake-induced liquefaction and the mitigation strategies for marine structures to meet the future requirements of marine engineering.

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42

Niculescu, Filip, Claudia Borzea, Adrian Savescu, Andrei Mitru, and Mirela Letitia Vasile. "Automation and Electronic Control of Marine Gas Turbine Engine for Ship Revamp." Technium: Romanian Journal of Applied Sciences and Technology 2, no. 4 (June 10, 2020): 98–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.47577/technium.v2i4.923.

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Gas turbines used in propulsion ensure increased efficiency and safety, with a very good power / weight ratio and with low maintenance and operation costs. Due to becoming out-of-date and reaching the maximum operation hours and expected lifetime, which can cause malfunctioning, older turbine engines on frigates need to be replaced with newer generation propulsion engines. The paper presents the replacement of the turbine engine on a defence frigate, focusing on the automation and electronic control solution employed for a propulsion turbine, integrating state-of-the-art techniques. The electronic system ensures control, monitoring and alarm functions, including overspeed protection. A local control panel interfacing the PLC displays the operating parameters and engine controls, also providing maintenance and calibration sequences. The proposed solution enables both the local and the remote control of the ship’s gas turbine.

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Barsi, Dario, Matteo Luzzi, Francesca Satta, and Pietro Zunino. "On the Possible Introduction of Mini Gas Turbine Cycles Onboard Ships for Heat and Power Generation." Energies 14, no. 3 (January 22, 2021): 568. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14030568.

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The recent coming in force of MARPOL 2020 restrictions on shipping pollutant emissions highlights a growing interest in current times towards cleaner means of transport. One way to achieve more sustainable vessels is represented by updating onboard engines to suit current regulations and needs: Gas Turbines are not a novelty in the field and, despite the few applications in commercial shipping so far, this technology is again under evaluation for different reasons. Indeed, it is still a preferred choice in navy, where swift maneuvering is a key factor; it is employed by fast ferries and hydrofoils for its high power/weight ratio; it has been recently applied to LNG carriers to burn boil-off gas in a more efficient way and several studies in literature suggest its possible introduction on large Cruise Ships. Since there seems to be a lack of research concerning small size units, the present work attempts to evaluate the possible usages of Mini Gas Turbine Cycles in the range of 1 to 10 MW of electric output for heat and power generation onboard commercial vessels dedicated to passenger transport. For this purpose, a statistical analysis on existing operating vessels up to 2020 was made, to eplore main engine sizes; a literature review was carried out to find representative onboard heat demands. Once the main vessel electrical and thermal requirements were evaluated, Mini Cogenerative plants based on Gas Turbines were designed within the identified boundaries and compared with state-of-the-art Marine Diesel Engines and Gas Turbines on estimated global performance, dimensions and weights.

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Goward, G. W. "Low-Temperature Hot Corrosion in Gas Turbines: A Review of Causes and Coatings Therefor." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 108, no. 2 (April 1, 1986): 421–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3239921.

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In about 1975 an apparently new form of hot corrosion attack of gas turbine airfoils was identified during low-power, low-metal-temperature operation of a marine gas turbine. The rate of this corrosion was substantially greater at about 700° C than that usually observed for sulfate-induced hot corrosion at 800° to 1000° C. The same type of hot corrosion has been subsequently reported to occur in ground-based gas turbines, and is similar in principle to fireside corrosion of boiler tubes. This paper presents a review of probable mechanisms of this so-called low-temperature hot corrosion, of test methods for its laboratory and rig simulation, and of coatings in use or in advanced development for protection of gas turbine airfoils operating in this corrosion regime.

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Romanov, V. I. "“Mashproekt” Scientific and Production Association: A Designer of Gas Turbines for Marine and Industrial Applications." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 116, no. 2 (April 1, 1994): 424–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2906838.

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46

Wang, Zhitao, Jian Li, Kuo Fan, and Shuying Li. "The Off-Design Performance Simulation of Marine Gas Turbine Based on Optimum Scheduling of Variable Stator Vanes." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2017 (2017): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/2671251.

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As one of the antisurge techniques, the adjusting scheme of VSV under off-design conditions has a significant impact on the performance of gas turbines. In this paper, the one-dimensional characteristic of the compressor calculation program is embedded into the zero-dimensional overall gas turbine model, which replaces the original compressor characteristic module. Based on the assembling relationship of the actual components of the marine gas turbine, the architecture of the modular model library is designed, and an integrated simulation platform of marine gas turbine is developed by using MATLAB/GUI software. The influence of the first 3 rows of variable stator vanes of the 9-stage axial compressor working alone on the performance of the compressor at different speeds and different angles was analyzed by the HARIKA compressor characteristic calculation program. Taking the economics and stability of the gas turbine as the optimization objective, the optimization of the first three-stage stator vanes regulation schemes under different working conditions was carried out. The steady-state performance parameters under each working condition of gas turbine of power generation with or without variable stator vane mode were calculated. The study results can provide references for the adjusting scheme of VSV under gas turbine off-design conditions operating process.

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Nicoara, Razvan Edmond, Daniel Eugeniu Crunteanu, and Valeriu Alexandru Vilag. "Axial Turbine Performance Enhancement by Specific Fluid Injection." Aerospace 10, no. 1 (January 3, 2023): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/aerospace10010047.

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Extensively used in modern gas turbine engines in various applications, ranging from aerospace, marine and terrestrial propulsion to power generation and gas pumping, the axial flow turbines have been continuously updated and are now capable of high performances and reliability. One drawback that has not yet been resolved is the poor performance of the axial turbines at lower- than-nominal regimes. To solve these shortcomings, a new method to improve the performances at partial regimes by specific fluid injection is proposed in this paper. The influence of the injection system is determined by conducting a numerical analyze, studying the influence of different parameters (i.e., number, dimensions and position of the of injection orifices) on the overall performances of the turbine. The study is completed on a single stage 1300 KW turbine with the injection system being applied to different power settings across the working line. The results show that the power generated by the turbine can be enhanced by as much as 30% for different configurations of the injection system (i.e., high number of small size orifices) and different partial regimes.

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48

Stephenson, D. J., J. R. Nicholls, and P. Hancock. "The interaction between corrosion and erosion during simulated sea salt compressor shedding in marine gas turbines." Corrosion Science 26, no. 10 (January 1986): 757–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0010-938x(86)90061-2.

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T M, tefnescu. "Structural analysis of a cylindrical gear in the ANSYS program." Scientific Bulletin of Naval Academy XXI, no. 2 (December 15, 2018): 29–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.21279/1454-864x-18-i2-003.

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Among most military ships, the use of a performing marine gearbox is mandatory due to their propulsion systems based on gas turbines in most cases. Military vessels are navigating under different conditions and this determines different operating modes for the propulsion system, thus the main gearing. Each of this operating mode determines different types of stress and deformation values upon the gears inside the main gearing. The purpose of this paper is the simplified gear analysis inside the gearbox using the Ansys program related to different operating modes of the propulsion system.

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Schneider, James A., and Marc Senders. "Foundation Design: A Comparison of Oil and Gas Platforms with Offshore Wind Turbines." Marine Technology Society Journal 44, no. 1 (January 1, 2010): 32–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4031/mtsj.44.1.5.

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AbstractThe offshore oil and gas (O&G) industry has over 70 years of experience developing innovative structures and foundation concepts for engineering in the marine environment. The evolution of these structures has strongly been influenced by water depth as well as soil conditions in the area of initial developments. As the offshore wind industry expands from the glacial soil deposits of the North and Baltic Seas, experience from the O&G industry can be used to aid a smooth transition to new areas. This paper presents an introduction to issues that influence how design and construction experience from the O&G industry can be used to aid foundation design for offshore wind energy converters. A history of the evolution of foundation and substructure concepts in the Gulf of Mexico and North Sea is presented, followed by a discussion of soil behavior and the influence of regional geology on these developments. Mechanisms that influence the resistance of shallow and deep foundations for fixed and floating offshore structures are outlined so that areas of empiricism within offshore design codes can be identified and properly modified for application to offshore wind turbine foundations. It is concluded that there are distinct differences between offshore O&G and offshore wind turbine foundations, and application of continued research into foundation behavior is necessary for rational, reliable, and cost-effective design.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Marine Gas-turbines'

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