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Kim, Tae-Goun. "Managing marine resource use conflicts : marine sand mining in Korea /." View online ; access limited to URI, 2007. http://0-digitalcommons.uri.edu.helin.uri.edu/dissertations/AAI3284825.
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Rudiyanto, Arifin. "A critical appraisal of marine and coastal policy in Indonesia including comparative issues and lesson learnts [sic] from Australia." School of History and Politics - Faculty of Arts, 2002. http://ro.uow.edu.au/theses/368.
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This thesis adopts an interdisciplinary approach. It examines the development of marine and coastal policy in Indonesia and explores how well Indonesia is governing its marine and coastal space and resources and with what effects and consequences. This thesis uses a policy analysis framework, with legislative and institutional activity as the basic unit of analysis. Three factors are identified as having been the major influences on the evolution of marine and coastal policy in Indonesia. These are international law, marine science and “state of the art” marine and coastal management. The role of these factors in the management of the coastal zone, living and non-living marine resources, marine science and technology, the marine environment and relevant international relations are analysed and discussed in the Indonesian case. This thesis concludes that Indonesia’s major challenges in terms of sustainable marine and coastal development are (a) to establish an appropriate management regime, and (b) to formulate and implement a combination of measures in order to attain the objectives of sustainable development. The basic problem is the fact that currently, Indonesia is not a “marine oriented” nation. Therefore, marine and coastal affairs are not at the top of the public policy agenda. Principles of international instruments have influenced the establishment of marine and coastal policy and management in Indonesia. However, in the implementation of sound management practices, Indonesia faces many challenges. The distinctive characteristics of Indonesia as an archipelagic nation underpin the basic philosophy of marine and coastal policy and management. With the increasing priority of marine and coastal policy in national development, science and environmental aspects have been able to play a greater role in policy development. ii A number of lessons can be taken from the Australian experience that may have some relevance to how Indonesia meets the challenges of implementing its new marine and coastal policy. For example, Indonesia needs to follow the lead of Australia, establishing national principles, goals and objectives for the sustainable of Indonesia’s marine and coastal resources and the conservation, protection and restoration of the marine and coastal environment. The solution for major marine and coastal management problems between federal and states, such as Offshore Constitutional Settlement (OCS) and Intergovernmental Agreement on the Environment (IGAE), offer an attractive alternative for the implementation of regional autonomy in Indonesia. Also, there is a need for multi-stakeholder involvement throughout the policy development process. In readiness for the 21st Century, the Guidelines of State Policy (GBHN) 1999 stated a shift of paradigm from ‘terrestrial oriented’ towards ‘marine oriented’ development. Indonesia started to give more priority to marine and coastal development and now faces the challenges posed by the transition from issue analysis and planning to the implementation of policies. One way or the other, it is reasonable to conclude that new forces and new needs are likely to bring change and improvement to marine and coastal governance in Indonesia over the next decade or so. iii
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Cleophas, Noel Cyril. "Marine environmental education for a sustainable exploitation of marine resources. The case of Abalone poaching in the Hermanus area." University of the Western Cape, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/7778.
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Magister Administrationis - MAdminThe coastal zone is a highly complex and highly productive environment in which components are intimately linked and interdependent on each other. Furthermore, human pressure and poaching remains an enormous problem within coastal zones and therefore necessitates an integrated and multidisciplinary development and management effort.
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Hassan, Ammad. "Pakistan's Gwadar port : prospects of economic revival /." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2005. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/05Jun%5FHassan.pdf.
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Tillman, Joseph M. "An examination of ocean policy development in Canada." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ54966.pdf.
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Binns, Andrew. "Defining a marine cadastre : legal and institutional aspects /." Connect to thesis, 2004. http://eprints.unimelb.edu.au/archive/00001042.
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Wongbusarakum, Supin. "The Urak Lawoi and the complexity of sustainable resource use the political ecology of change in the Adang Archipelago, Andaman Sea, Thailand /." Thesis, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2002. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?index=0&did=765044611&SrchMode=1&sid=4&Fmt=2&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=PQD&TS=1208809355&clientId=23440.
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Parramon, Marie. "Regulation of land-based marine pollution in South Africa and France [electronic resource] / by Marie Parramon." Thesis, North-West University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/5229.
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The South African coastal and marine environment is an essential ecologic and
economic asset. Its associated services and products are substantially contributing to
economic growth and sustainable development of the country. However, it is
internationally and nationally recognised that land-based marine pollution (LBMP) is
the most important single risk to the health and sustainability of coastal and marine
waters and the associated ecosystems. The regulation of LBMP at the national level
is still difficult and challenging. The issue of LBMP management has only recently
been introduced in South Africa with the development of the National Programme of
Action to Protect Marine Environment from Land-based Activities, 2008. South Africa
is only starting to consider the question of LBMP regulation. This thesis aims to
conduct a critical analysis of the South African regulatory framework pertaining to
LBMP in comparison to international best practice and the French regulatory
framework, in order to identify the key South African challenges in this regard and to
make recommendations to address them.
In order to do so, this research commences by providing an analysis of LBMP and
the theoretical foundations associated with LBMP regulation, as promoted by
international best practice. The study identifies and assesses the main regulatory
features to be considered in the development, implementation and/or assessment of
a regulatory framework pertaining to LBMP. These features will form the
methodological framework to conduct the comparative legal assessment between the
French and South African regulatory frameworks pertaining to LBMP.
This thesis then provides a detailed and thorough legal analysis of the French and
South African regulatory frameworks pertaining to LBMP using the methodological
framework developed using guidance from international best practice.
Finally, based on lessons learnt from the comparative legal study, this study
concludes with a set of recommendations for the South African context.Thesis (LL.D.)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011.
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Manning, Peter Robert. "Managing Namibia's marine fisheries : optimal resource use and national development objectives." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1998. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/2639/.
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Prior to independence, Namibia's marine fisheries had suffered over-fishing, typical of open access exploitation of a common pool resource where there is excess demand. The Namibian Government's policy objectives seek optimal sustainable use of Namibia's fisheries resources and a substantial increase for Namibians of benefit from these resources. In assessing the appropriateness of Namibia's fisheries management system for meeting these objectives, state involvement in the management of the resource is considered, the biological and ecological constraints of the resource are examined and the degree to which national management of fisheries is nested in a global system of fisheries governance is defined. Empirical evidence establishes the critical importance of successfully managing these resources through environmental shocks and the importance for the industry of sufficient economic flexibility, often hindered by overcapacity, to cope with those shocks. Even at low, sub-optimal biomass levels, evidence suggests that substantial resource rent accrues to industry as abnormal profit, or finances overcapacity. Government attempts to redistribute benefit from the resource have been only partly successful. These findings establish the importance of state intervention to ensure that capacity is reduced as close as possible to a bio-economic optimal level, thus maximising resource rent. Collection by the state of a larger proportion of available resource rent would make it less possible for abnormal profits to be earned and make rent less available for financing over-capacity. The additional state finance, representing benefit from the resource, could be directed by the state towards more effective usage in the development process. The management of Namibia's marine fisheries will best be achieved by working towards a system of co-management between the state and industry, providing a framework for nested institutions tailored to the conditions of each fishery, in a joint endeavour to generate a socially optimal use of the resource.
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Riekhof, Marie-Catherine [Verfasser]. "Essays in resource and development economics / Marie-Catherine Riekhof." Kiel : Universitätsbibliothek Kiel, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1053959257/34.
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Philpott, Evelyn. "Examining potential effects of marine renewable energy developments on top predators." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2013. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=210583.
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This thesis uses data collected over three summers in 2010, 2011 and 2012 at the Isle of May National Nature Reserve, Scotland to examine top predator presence and behaviour in a moderately fast tidal stream site. Fieldwork consisted of an intensive land based observation survey of seabirds at sea, acoustic monitoring of small cetaceans and the deployment of a suite of oceanographical tools to simultaneously collect data on a fine temporal scale over a study area of ~1.5km2. The aim of the study was to examine the potential effects of marine renewable energy developments on top predator behaviour in a tidal stream site by addressing some of the key data gaps such as habitat use in tidal stream areas, dive behaviour and collision and disturbance risk assessment. Acoustic detections of harbour porpoises were investigated as a function of physical environmental variables. Strong links between porpoise presence and increased thermal stratification and chlorophyll levels were detected along with a very strong diurnal pattern with increased detections at night. There was no relationship with tidal state. The habitat use of five species of breeding birds at sea adjacent to breeding cliffs was examined to gauge what environmental factors drive habitat use at these sites. Counts of foraging kittiwakes were examined in relation to environmental variables and while strong temporal trends emerged there was no link with oceanographic features. The study site was predominately used for loafing (non foraging behaviour) and so species specific temporal variation in loafing behaviour was analysed. Strong seasonal and diurnal trends in loafing emerged for all species which could be linked to differences in their breeding phenology. These results can be used in assessing and mitigating disturbance to these birds from marine renewables developments. Age specific variation in dive behaviour in the European shag was examined to determine whether newly fledged juveniles were at a greater risk of collision with tidal turbines than adults. Juveniles initially demonstrated a shorter dive duration than adults but after 4-6 weeks their dive duration had significantly increased. However age specific difference in dive behaviour in relation to water depth iii remained unchanged over time with juveniles showing no relationship between dive duration and water depth while adults increased dive duration in deeper water. The implications of this result for assessing age specific collision risk for this species is discussed. Results from this study were used to populate a framework for assessing collision and disturbance risk to seabirds in the near shore area adjacent to the breeding colony from a small scale tidal turbine development scenario. A method was developed to quantify risk by combining relative abundance data, behavioural data and published data on activity budgets for four species; guillemots, razorbills, puffins and shags. The output from this thesis has practical applications for informing the temporal and spatial scale of data collection and survey design in environmental impact assessments regarding marine renewable energy developments with emphasis on understanding the mechanistic links driving predator behaviour. Results can also be used to design appropriate mitigation procedures to prevent disturbance to loafing or foraging birds.
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Ims, Stine. "The Efficacy and Stress-Reducing Capacity of MS-222, Benzoak and Aqui-S for the Ornamental Cichlid Fish, Metriaclima estherae." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for biologi, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-12760.
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The financial crises and global change have caused setbacks to the improvements in many undeveloped countries. To be able to achieve the Millennium developmental goals within 2015, it will require a higher effort. Sub-Saharan African countries show the slowest economic growth and have experienced the highest setbacks. Malawi is one of these countries and is struggling with a high share of poverty and poverty related issues. Trade is believed to be the most prominent tool to fight world poverty, as it will provide economic growth and employment. Cichlid fishes from Lake Malawi are popular ornamentals for hobby aquarists world wide, representing yearly turnover of 340 million US dollars. It is suggested that ornamental Malawi cichlids can be developed into an industry benefiting country and the local poor people. This can be achieved without pressure upon the lake biodiversity if the wild-collected fishes are used for breeding purpose and not for export. To be able to deliver a high quality fish, it will be necessary to establish proper handling strategies that will ensure fish health and welfare. Stress from handling procedures is known to have negative impact on fish growth, reproduction, immune function and survival. Anesthetics may be a useful tool during handling procedures of the fish, as it can reduce the perception of the stressor and thus prevent activation of the hypothalamus-pituitary-interrenal (HPI) axis. In this study the three commercial anesthetics; MS-222, Benzoak® and Aqui-S were evaluated for; (1) anesthetic efficacy, (2) safety margin, (3) prolonged exposure and (4) stress-reducing capacity on the Malawi cichlid, red zebra (Metriaclima estherae). The overall results show that concentration of 150 mg/L MS-222, 120 mg/L Benzoak® and 50 mg/L Aqui-S gave satisfying introduction and recovery time for anesthesia. Both MS-222 and Aqui-S gave high safety margins as no fish mortality was recorded after anesthetic exposure for 30 minutes. Benzoak® gave a lower safety margin as there was recorded 50 % mortality following 10 minutes exposure. High mortality rate and sign of insufficient blockage upon the red zebra fish, suggested that prolonged exposure to the tested sedative dosages did not benefit the fish. MS-222 exposure reduced the stress response while Benzoak® and Aqui-S seemed to self-induce an increase in plasma cortisol concentration after anesthetic exposure. In conclusion; for short-term treatment on red zebra fish, a concentration of 150 mg/L MS-222 is recommended.
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Rogin, Raluca Elena. "Conservation and sustainable use of wild sturgeon populations of the NW Black Sea and Lower Danube River in Romania." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for biologi, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-12996.
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Sturgeons belong to one of the oldest families of bony fish in existence, having their first appearance in the fossil records approximately 200 million years ago. Their natural habitats are found in the subtropical, temperate and sub-Arctic rivers, lakes and coastlines of Eurasia and North America. In the Romanian waters, five anadromous species of sturgeon, out of the total 25 species known by science, once migrated from the Black Sea into the Danube for spawning: beluga; Huso huso, Russian sturgeon; Acipenser gueldenstaedtii, stellate sturgeon; A. stellatus, ship sturgeon; A. nudiventris and the European Atlantic sturgeon; A. sturio (Knight, 2009). The NW Black Sea and Lower Danube River sturgeons, like many Acipenserids, were seriously affected by the rapid changes brought by human development. Being one of the finest caviar producers in the world they were intensively harvested for many centuries. Heavy uncontrolled fishing and destruction of habitat led to the collapse of most of the Acipenserids and the total disappearance of the European Atlantic sturgeon (A. sturio) from the NW Black Sea. Public attention was focused world wide on sturgeons after their listing in the IUCN Red List of Threatened species in 1996. In 1998, after evaluating their abundance in the wild, CITES also decided to strictly regulate the international trade in all Acipenserids. The paper aims to analyze and review conservation measures that were taken locally, nationally and internationally by humans and the effect they had on one of Europes only naturally reproducing sturgeon populations.
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ZOBRIST, KURT DANIEL. "COASTAL HARMONY: BETWEEN MARINE ECOSYSTEMS AND COASTAL DEVELOPMENT." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1082747560.
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Okon, Emmanuel Edem. "Integrating climate change into conservation and management of marine fisheries resources : a study of the sustainable development of marine fisheries in Nigeria." Thesis, Aberystwyth University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2160/26bc49a4-d17f-440e-b085-0afc8bf76c43.
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The state of marine fishery resources globally and particularly in Nigeria is a matter of considerable concern. Hitherto, international and Nigerian fisheries laws, as well as the opinions of legal scholars on how to address this problem, have focused predominantly on overfishing. Meanwhile, scientific literature reveals that increasing ocean temperatures caused by global warming have serious legal and management implications on the sustainable development of marine fishery resources. This thesis argues that sustainability of marine fishery resources is achievable only if states, including Nigeria, adopt a holistic and proactive approach to their management. This approach demands mainstreaming climate change into harvest-based measures by applying precautionary and ecosystem management methods. The approach further requires coastal and fishing states to comply with fisheries and climate change regimes. The management of Norwegian spring spawning herring and Frazer River sockeye was case-studied and the lessons learned are used as a guide to address the adverse impact of climate change on Nigeria’s already overexploited marine fisheries. However, since societies are not the same and documentary data require triangulation, semi-structured interviews were conducted to obtain the views of stakeholders in the marine fisheries sector on the major themes investigated. The first part of this thesis covers the introduction, research methodology and an examination of some preliminary issues. Part two ascertains how international fisheries law has addressed the problems of overfishing and climate change. Part three identifies the main lessons from the aforementioned case studies and advocates that states should adopt holistic approaches to compliance in solving the marine fish crisis. Part four investigates the extent to which Nigerian fisheries law has addressed the problems of overfishing and climate change; it also examines Nigeria’s compliance with international fisheries law. The concluding part recommends, in particular, that Nigeria should enforce conservation measures at sea, broaden participation of stakeholders in marine fisheries management and reduce its greenhouse gases emissions.
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Tungale, Rose. "Livelihoods and customary marine resource management under customary marine tenure : case studies in the Solomon Islands : a thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Applied Science in International Rural Development at Lincoln University /." Diss., Lincoln University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/861.
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In many ways, coastal marine resources have provided an important source of protein, income and even employment for coastal rural Solomon Islands communities. Fishing, for instance, has always played a very important role in these communities' culture and tradition. Subsistence fishing is traditional in most rural coastal communities. Small-scale fishing is also wide-spread. Traditionally marine areas and resources were managed by the custodians of the adjacent land and the traditional leaders in some local communities. While small-scale fisheries are managed by the Government, much of the enforcement responsibility is in the hands of the community leaders, given the realities of what that Government can provide. This research has explored the interaction between rural coastal livelihoods and marine resource management under Customary Marine Tenure (CMT) in one area of Temotu Province, Solomon Islands. Specifically the research seeks to explore, explain and describe how the livelihoods of the rural coastal villagers influence the use, access and management of marine resources and vice versa. Particular attention has been given to: first exploring the traditional marine resource management under CMT and livelihoods in the three villages; second, how the changes in the villagers' livelihoods system affects the customary marine resource management in the three case study villages; third, how changes in customary marine resource management influences the livelihoods of the villagers and finally the nature of the relationship between livelihoods and customary marine resource management is described for the first time for this part of the Solomon Islands. The research results showed that villagers' livelihoods have changed over the past decade and much of these changes have affected the customary marine resource management in the three case study villages. Consequently, customary marine resource management under CMT is no longer effective. The changes in customary marine resource also have implications on the villagers' livelihoods. For this reason the study argues that when trying to understand the factors affecting customary marine resource, the entire livelihoods system of the people should be considered. The study states that the nature of the interactions between livelihoods and customary marine resource management is a two-way relationship, dynamic and very complex. Should there be further marine resource development, the study suggests that understanding the livelihoods of the people concerned is important for better management.
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Marin, Francesca. ""The first animal to disappear will be the artisanal fisher" : fishing, knowing and 'managing' the Veldés Peninsula." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2018. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=239139.
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Wiberg, Nils Sargent. "Management options for the sustainable development of a common marine resource in Maine : the green sea urchin." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/40237.
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Roberts, Julian Peter. "Marine environment protection and biodiversity conservation the application and future development of the IMO's particularly sensitive sea area concept /." Access electronically, 2006. http://www.library.uow.edu.au/adt-NWU/public/adt-NWU20061204.153018/index.html.
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Norman, Karma C. "Grasping Adubad : Badulgal management, tenure, knowledge and harvest within the marine environment of the Torres Strait /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/6547.
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Lawless, Amanda Sue. "Effects of Shoreline Development and Oyster Reefs on Benthic Communities in Lynnhaven, Virginia." W&M ScholarWorks, 2008. http://web.vims.edu/library/Theses/Lawless08.pdf.
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Vasconcelos, Sammuel Silva. "Desenvolvimento com base em recursos naturais: an?lise da economia do Estado do Maranh?o 1990-2012." Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, 2014. https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/jspui/1757.
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Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES
The theme of the economic development process led by natural resources currently occupies significant space in academic and political debates about the future of Brazil. The goal of thisresearch is to investigate the structure and recent dynamics of Maranh?o economy, with emphasis on the role of natural resources for the development of the state. Maranh?o has considerable dependence on their level of economic activity linked to the behavior of prices of its key mining and agricultural commodities in the international market. The Maranh?o production structure is characterized by marked relative share assigned to the intermediate goods industry and the large supply-oriented to serve the foreign market production and natural resources. In this context, this work aims to contribute to the debate of evolution, structural characterization and dynamics of Maranh?o economy in the national context period in the 1970 to 2010, seeking to identify changes and continuities with emphasis on the period from 1990 to 2010. The work sheds light on the current reorientation observed not only in the state of Maranh?o, but to understand the entire nationwide resulting in the strengthening of the Brazilian condition supplier of commodities to the detriment of the manufacturing industry.Finally, it seeks to situate this debate here in the broader context of the quest for understanding the reasons for the underdevelopment of the Northeast region and to identify possible gaps breaks needed to develop not only the Northeast over the whole country
O tema relacionado ao desenvolvimento econ?mico liderado por recursos naturais ocupa atualmente significante espa?o nos debates acad?micos e pol?ticos sobre o futuro do Brasil. O objetivo do respectivo trabalho ? investigar a estrutura e a din?mica recente da economia maranhense, com ?nfase no papel dos recursos naturais para o desenvolvimento do estado. O Maranh?o apresenta consider?vel depend?ncia do seu n?vel de atividade econ?mica ligada ao comportamento dos pre?os de suas principais commodities minerais e agr?colas no mercado internacional. A estrutura produtiva maranhense ? caracterizada por marcante participa??o relativa atribu?da ? ind?stria de bens intermedi?rios e pela grande oferta de recursos naturais e produ??o orientada a atender o mercado externo. Neste sentido, esta disserta??o pretende contribuir para o debate da evolu??o, caracteriza??o estrutural e din?mica da economia maranhense no contexto nacional durante o per?odo 1970 a 2010, procurando identificar mudan?as e continuidades com ?nfase no per?odo mais recente 1990 a 2010. O trabalho lan?a luz sobre a atual reorienta??o verificada n?o somente no estado do Maranh?o, mais a compreender toda o processo em escala nacional resultando no fortalecimento da condi??o brasileira de provedora de commodities em detrimento da ind?stria de transforma??o. Por fim, procura-se aqui situar esse debate no contexto mais amplo da busca pela compreens?o das raz?es do subdesenvolvimento da regi?o Nordeste e levantamento de poss?veis brechas de rupturas necess?rias ao desenvolvimento n?o somente nordestino mais de todo o pa?s
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Mesencho, Sebsibe Endale. "An assessment of the potential of ecotourism and community based natural resource management as a rural development strategy with special reference to Isimangaliso Wetland Park." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1017036.
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This study aimed to analyse the potential and challenges for ecotourism development and how it can be applied as an integrated tool to provide economic incentives and better opportunities for community development, while improving natural resource management and conservation in Isimangaliso. The capital assets, the context of vulnerability of the local communities along with other significant attributes of the supply side were investigated in-depth. In addition, the potentials and challenges for ecotourism development in the selected Isimangaliso, Khula Village were studied. The impacts of ecotourism on local livelihood improvement, biodiversity resources and natural environment, and management and conservation of the area were also explored through sustainability concepts. However, the focus of the study was not only on ecotourism potentials and opportunities but was also on the development of sound guiding principles for planning and management of ecotourism development in Isimangaliso in a sustainable manner. It was found that community‟s willingness to participate in local development and natural resource management remains a questionable issue to be achieved. This is because local communities are strongly influenced by vertical network of the state administration. The study reveals that there is a strong interaction and interdependency between local livelihoods or poverty and the status and effectiveness of natural resource management in Isimangaliso. The study indicates that the area has plenty of potential natural and cultural resources. These resources signify three fundamental elements for ecotourism destination: quantity, quality, and fascination. The natural attractions consist of vital and sensitive biological and scenic values of the destination area.
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Faganello, Célia Regina Ferrari. "Fundamentação da cobrança pelo uso da água na agricultura irrigada, na microbacia do Ribeirão dos Marins, Piracicaba/SP." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/91/91131/tde-18072007-101710/.
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A atual crise mundial de abastecimento hídrico e os conseqüentes problemas relativos ao uso da água são grandes problemas a serem enfrentados pela humanidade, levando à necessidade de se encontrar soluções para prevenir conseqüências negativas ao ambiente. A cobrança pelo uso da água na agricultura irrigada, baseada nos princípios de direito ambiental usuário-pagador e poluidor–pagador, a aplicação dos princípios protetor-recebedor e participação, bem como a educação ambiental, são ferramentas de gestão de recursos hídricos com efeito indutor do uso racional da água, fomentando a consciência de conservação nos usuários irrigantes. A importância desta abordagem holística na implementação da cobrança em uma dada bacia hidrográfica está baseada na integração dos aspectos técnicos das propriedades irrigadas, na legislação ambiental e nas necessidades da comunidade local, para se adequar a cobrança aos usuários irrigantes de forma que a mesma se torne uma aliada no combate ao desperdício e à melhor eficiência no seu uso. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram: i) realizar a avaliação qualitativa da irrigação em 11 propriedades rurais da Microbacia do Ribeirão dos Marins (BHRM); ii) fundamentar o instrumento de cobrança pelo uso da água na agricultura irrigada com base nos princípios de direito ambiental Poluidor-Pagador e Usuário-Pagador; iii) discutir o princípio da Participação; iv) fundamentar o sistema de pagamento por serviços ecossistêmicos (PSE); v) fornecer elementos para futuras intervenções de gestão na microbacia voltadas a elaboração de projetos de educação ambiental integrados ao gerenciamento de recursos hídricos. Foram aplicados aos irrigantes roteiros de entrevista semi-estruturada. Os resultados mostraram que o manejo da irrigação não é praticado, a preocupação com a escassez de água é presente; a cobrança pelo uso da água não é aceita, o controle da erosão não é feito e há concordância com a importância da preservação da mata ciliar. Além disso, os resultados forneceram elementos que indicam a ausência de compreensão dos impactos causados pelo manejo inadequado da água, o que pôde ser traduzido pelos graves problemas de degradação de água, solo e mata ciliar detectados. Conclui-se que para induzir mudanças nos usuários irrigantes, promovendo o uso eficiente dos recursos hídricos, através do mecanismo de cobrança pelo uso da água, é necessário conjugar o direito ambiental, a tecnologia de irrigação e a educação ambiental.The current crisis in water supply worldwide and the associated water use problems are one of the great concerns for the humanity, leading to the necessity to find solutions to prevent harmful consequences in the environment. Charges for water use in agricultural irrigation, supported by principles of environmental law as "user-payer" and "polluting payer", the application of "protector-receiver" and "participation" principles as well as environmental education, represent tools in water management with inductive effects on rational water use, broadening the awareness of irrigation users for the sustainment of natural water resources. The carrying out of this holistic approach in the implementation process of water use charges in a given catchment basin is based on the integration of technical aspects of the irrigated areas, environmental legislation and the necessities of the local community to establish individually adapted charges for water use with the result to decrease wastefulness and increase the water use efficiency. The objectives of this work were: (i) a qualitative evaluation of irrigation use in 11 rural areas in the small catchment basin of river Marins; (ii) to base the charge system for water use in agricultural irrigation on basis of the environmental law principles "user-payer" and "polluting payer"; (iii) to argue the principle of "participation"; (iv) to base the payment for ecosystem services (PSE); (v) to provide a basis for future management interventions in the basin with the objective to design environmental education projects, integrated in the management activities of water resources. The study based on semi-structural interviews with irrigation users in the respective areas. The results showed that irrigation management is not practiced, the preoccupation with water deficiency exist, water use charges is not accepted, the monitoring of erosion processes is not done and there is an agreement with the importance to preserve the riverine vegetation. Moreover, the results indicated a lack of knowledge about the impacts caused by inadequate water management that is expected to be the reason for the already existing degradation of water, soil and riverine vegetation. It can be concluded, that for attitude changes of irrigation users in terms of more efficient use of water resources associated with charges for water use interdisciplinary collaborations of environmental law, irrigation management and environmental education are necessary.
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Davies, Siân May. "The potential of a stratified ontology for developing materials in community-based coastal marine environmental education processes." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003591.
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This study set out to explore the possibilities that the Critical Realist concept of a stratified ontology might have for environmental learning and materials development processes. This involved processes of ongoing contextual profiling; the use of picture-based resources and storytelling to support the engagement with the marine harvesting contexts of the villages of Hamburg and Ngqinisa, in the former Ciskei. At the heart of the study was the process of uncovering the empirical, the actual and the real in the context of a community of coastal marine harvesters whose lives and livelihoods are affected by poverty and a history of inequality, and more recently by issues such as HIV/AIDS. Their stories of existing practice changed as we engaged with picture-based narratives, gaining depth and focus in relation to sustainability issues. The learning processes associated with and emerging out of the research processes were enhanced through abductive use of metaphors and graphic illustrations, and through intra- and inter community exchanges, again using picture based narratives. As the study unfolded, the development of environmental education materials receded. Focus turned to how conceptual abstraction processes (of abduction (metaphor) and retroduction) and the stratified ontological framework allowed for learning across epistemological divides.
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Barry, John C., and Paul L. Gillikin. "Comparative analysis of Navy and Marine Corps planning, programming, budgeting and execution systems from a manpower perspective." Thesis, Monterey, California; Naval Postgraduate School, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/2322.
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"S. Dooley: Tertiary Reader"Approved for public release, distribution is unlimited
This study provides analysis, conclusions and recommendations to assist the Deputy Commandant (DC), Manpower and Reserve Affairs Department (M&RA) and DC, Programs and Resources Department (P&R) in structure and process decisions concerning Marine Corps Manpower budget execution. DC, M&RA is the owner of the Marine Human Resource Development Process (HRDP) and the Military Personnel Marine Corps (MPMC) appropriation sponsor, while the DC, P&R has budgetary (1517) authority for MPMC budget execution. In contrast, the Navy has both sponsorship and 1517 authority within one cell at N1. By comparing these two services' organizational factors and Planning, Programming, Budgeting, and Execution Systems (PPBES), relevant differences surface, conclusions are drawn, and recommendations offered for improvements. Recommendations include realignment of 1517 authority within MPMC execution, and the melding of the Programs and Budget Branch of Manpower Plans Division, M&RA with the Military Personnel Branch, Fiscal Division, P&R (RFM). This new office will be responsible for all facets of MPMC programming, budgeting, and execution.
Captain, United States Marine Corps
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Huddleston, Veronica. "Restructuring and adjustment in resource-dependent coastal communities : a case study of the Western rock lobster fleet hosting communities." University of Western Australia. Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, 2009. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2010.0001.
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In an attempt to address the seeming imbalance within studies of rural communities in Australia linked to primary industries, this study examines the broader aspects of policy changes and bio-economic imperatives in the Western Rock Lobster Fishery and the effects of the restructuring of the fishery on communities that host the rock lobster fleet. It is an innovative study in that it is one of the first comprehensive studies of industry restructuring in the fisheries sector; a study of the linkages and implications of restructuring on the social, economic and cultural facets of coastal communities in Western Australia. Globalisation in the fishery sector, aided by technological advances, has resulted in a greater exploitation of high-value fisheries for export. Intensified globalisation has also brought about environmental and social standards that ensure the survival of by-catch species and promote responsible codes of fishing practice. In Australia, the active support of the government for globalisation, led to the adoption of export-oriented policies emphasising competitiveness and efficiency. Consideration of market principles thus govern fisheries regulators when deciding on the management arrangements to adopt for a particular fishery. In considering a number of policy instruments and management measures, government regulators also consider the conservation of marine resources alongside the production of significant economic and social benefits. The Western Rock Lobster Fishery is the most valuable single species fishery in Western Australia with a sizeable financial and employment contribution to coastal communities along the Western Australian coast. Any management scheme adopted for this fishery, as such, not only has to take into account biological and environmental imperatives but also economic and social objectives. The analysis of the fishery undertaken in this thesis underlines the need for a holistic view of fishery management that takes into consideration not only biological sustainability, but also promotes an understanding of fishers' behaviours and fishing patterns and the consequent effects on specific communities. The demographic and social changes that affect rural communities further complicate the economic restructuring at the fishery level, with fishers' responses differing based on their circumstances and preferences. This thesis presents a snapshot of a fishery deliberating changes in management arrangements and its effects on coastal communities whose socio-demographic and economic development historically has depended, and to a great extent is still dependent, upon rock lobster fishing. It provides empirical evidence that lends support to the view that the pro-market policies promoting competition and entrepreneurialism have resulted in a spatially uneven development in regional Australia. Specific localities can deal with the changes brought about by globalisation and policy change. However, the manner in which these communities deal and cope with these changes depends on a number of factors, among others, the level of diversification of the local economy, demographic and social structures, and other factors such as the level of resilience and the social capital base within the community.
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Rasolofonirina, Richard. "Reproduction et développement de l'holothurie comestible Holothuria scabra (Jaëger, 1833) (Holothroidea :Echinodermata)." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211154.
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Holothuria scabra est l'holothurie comestible à haute valeur marchande la plus distribuée et la plus exploitée dans l'Indo-Pacifique tropical. Dès lors, et à cause de la demande croissante des pays importateurs et consommateurs, les stocks naturels de l'espèce sont confrontés actuellement un problème de surexploitation. A Madagascar, les situations économique, sociale et politique difficiles ainsi que l'insuffisance d'un plan efficace pour l'aménagement de cette exploitation, rendent la situation plus délicate encore. La surexploitation se traduit par la diminution de la production, la raréfaction de certaines espèces, la dégradation de la qualité du produit et entraîne une forte concurrence entre les exploitants et le non respect de la législation existante. Un plan d'aménagement de cette exploitation est proposé dans ce travail. Celui-ci concerne la gestion de la pêche, la restauration et la pérennisation des stocks naturels, et la valorisation des produits. L'holothuriculture est considérée comme la solution d'avenir pour pallier une demande sans cesse croissante en trépang, restaurer les stocks naturels et sauver les espèces d'holothuries menacées d'extinction. \
Doctorat en sciences, Spécialisation biologie animale
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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Gaspar, Anselmo Cesar. "Local people's perceptions of marine protected areas : a case study of Ponta do Ouro, Mozambique." Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/413.
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Shen, Yi-Ling, and 沈易霖. "Dynamic Factor Study of Exploring Taiwan Marine Resource in the Viewpoint of Commercial Fishery Development." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/04000988500800712999.
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碩士中華大學
科技管理學系碩士班
102
ABSTRACT Fishery is a traditional industry contribute to livelihood economy in Taiwan. And the economic scale of Taiwan commercial fishery is in the global TOP 10 list. Base on academic researches, the over-exploitation problem origined from commercial fishing is a key factor of marine biodiversity loss. Meanwhile, commercial fishing is a contridiction between economic development and environmental protection, and it also connotes that the global environmental governance is a factor. Therefore this study uses multilevel flow model to clarify the relations between each dynamic factor, and construct the causal feedback loop diagram of Marin Resource. This study explores environmental education is a political cut point to the causal feedback loop of marin resource. The negative feedback loop of environmental experience is a key factor to inforce the environmental action of our people. In addition, the public tends to not to handicap the environmental action of others. The action took most often is the consumers action, and the leasts are the political action and the legal action. Based on the conclution of this study, the research provides suggestions for government agencies, educators and the further research on this issue. Keywords:Marine Resources, Commercial Fishery, Environmental Education, System Dynamics.
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Yang, Yu-Mei, and 楊玉梅. "An Analysis of Network Resources Based on the Development of Marine Education in Primary and Secondary Schools." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/67986648484221506744.
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碩士國立臺灣海洋大學
教育研究所
94
The purposes of this research are to construct the content of marine education in primary and secondary schools and to analyze domestic and overseas websites of marine education, as reference to construct such websites in Primary and secondary schools in the future. In order to achieve the above purposes, we used Delphi Method and Content Analysis as our main research techniques. First, construct “the content of marine education in primary and secondary schools” by a Delphi panel which was consisted of 15 experts and professionals. At the same time, according to the result of survey mentioned above, the researcher developed a list of “The content of marine education in primary and secondary schools” as the basis of Content Analysis to analyze 10 domestic and overseas marine educational websites and their contents. The results indicated that: First, the marine educational content of primary and secondary schools can be divided into five main domains, including: introduction of Marine, marine biology, marine resources and their application, marine culture and marine environmental education. Under five domains, there are 12 themes and 35 subjects inside. The education objectives can be cognitive, affective and technical abilities. Second, after 3 rounds of Delphi survey, the panel indicated the important and the proper index of the marine education in primary and secondary schools. The order of importance is: marine environmental education is the most, then marine culture, marine resources and application, marine outline and marine organisms. Third, the survey also indicated that the most proper to primary school is marine environmental education, then marine culture, marine biology, marine resources and application, and ocean outline; the most proper to primary school is marine environmental education, marine culture, marine resources and application, marine outline and marine biology. Fourth, after analysis of the relevant marine educational websites, marine environmental education is found most frequently, and the marine culture is mentioned the fewest. According to the conclusions, the suggestions of this research are as follows: For the people who want to build the marine educational websites： 1. Consider the content of marine education in primary and secondary schools, is regarded as the reference of constructing relevant marine educational websites. 2. The domain of “marine culture” can be more emphasized. For the teachers of primary and secondary schools： 1. Considering the actual situation, teachers can infuse the content of the marine education in the primary and secondary schools into primary or secondary school curriculum. 2. Teachers should consider the learners’ age and abilities to adjust the content and degree of the marine education, in order to incorporate it into their curriculum. 3. Teachers can implement the huge volume of resources on the internet in the instruction of marine education.
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Davies, Siân May. "The potential of a stratified ontology for developing materials in community-based coastal marine environmental education processes /." 2009. http://eprints.ru.ac.za/1584/.
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Chen, Chang-Wei, and 陳昌瑋. "PRC''s Marine Resource Development Policy during the Hu Jintao''s Period." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/78466644964094297578.
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碩士淡江大學
國際事務與戰略研究所碩士在職專班
104
Because of global oil energy shortage and greenhouse effect are warming in the world these years. Every country started looking for kind of alternative energy, and sea resource is most advantageous. Development of sea resource is researched by all scientists and technicians, progress of related plan has been made since founding of China. China made related policies to ensure benefit and strategic resource. It promotes the safe situation of neighboring and common benefit. After Hu Jin Tao served as a general secretary, he made major decisions of increasing capacity for independent creating and built new type country. However sea resource and development of undersea scientific knowledge are important and deep affection on promoting international standing, economy, national defense of increasing and national cohesion. The paper is mainly researched about development of sea resource to understand policies thoroughly during Hu Jin Tao’s Period. Understanding development of sea resource against policies, technology, implementation, and result analysis related factors with future challenge, security situation, and common benefit. The result shows that china’s sea area is huge, and sea resource is developable, potential as well. In addition to continue strategic layout around coastal area, builds up sea space, and develops new economy, improves ability development of resource, protect the right and interests, build marine country up. Therefore China still takes care about development of resource seriously, and plans important policies in future to ensure national interests and development. However China’s skills of sea resource are much gap than world level. These reasons are hard to put it into practice because of undersea engineering, critical skill, and equipment are not competent enough. In addition to keep developing technology, and newest skill, integrate maritime law. Also build large enforcement ship to ensure sea’s right and interests. By“One Belt And One Road”is promoted and teaching by new leadership , it will bring a new style and affection of sea resource.
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Lin, Chung-Jen, and 林崇仁. "A Study on the international joint development of marine resources - Take the East China Sea Sovereignty as the Example." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/2z7agg.
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碩士國立臺灣海洋大學
海洋事務與資源管理研究所
105
The rising tention in the East China Sea is mainly due to the fact that China, Japan and Taiwan have claimed their sovereignt right and jurisdiction of submarine resources. In addiontion to competing for the strategic location in the East China Sea, the concerned countries are seeking the benefits in politics and economy as well as the wealth of submarine and aquatic resources such as oil and mineral resources. There are three aspects that resulted in the dispute in the East China Sea. Firstly, oil and gas resources dispute. China, Taiwan, Japan are facing oil shortage and economic problems so that oil and gas are more and more important to them. Secondly, the East China Sea waters dispute. Taiwan, China and Japan have the overlap situation of theor exclusive econmic zones. Thus, disputes over the delimitation of EEZ in the East China Sea are relatively tense with the international situation. Thirdly, the response form the related countries, Taiwan, Japan and China that claim the sovereignty of the Diaoyutai Islands took active measures to protect their own sovereignty and maritime interests. Taiwan has promulgated its “Law on the Exclusive Economic Zone and the Continental Shelf of the Republic of China” and announced its baseline in the Diaoyutai Islands. Pursuant to the Law, Taiwan shall enjoy and exercise the sovereign rights for the purpose of exploring, exploiting, conserving, and managing the resources, living or non-living, of the waters superjacent to the seabed and of the seabed and its subsoil as well as the jurisdiction over the construction, use, modification, or dismantlement of artificial islands, installations or structures. In principle, the resolution of international disputes can be addressed through the use of joint development and resource sharing. In this regard, based on the feasible method and the relative difficulty, this thesis explores the peace resolution in the East China Sea via the following four models：fishery development agreement, sovereign security cooperation, legal settlement of disputes, and shelved sovereign co-development.
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Coombs, Robert G. "Innu capacity building in the Atlantic Canadian fishery : community revitalization through renewable resource development /." 2002.
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Kerith, Kentish. "A New Governance Approach to Designing an Effective Arrangement for the Sustainable Management of Renewable Marine Resources in the Eastern Caribbean States." 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10222/13172.
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The study’s main purpose is to propose a governance framework that meets the priority of sustainable development for the regulation of offshore renewable resources in the OECS region. The study develops an analytical framework for evaluating the recently adopted “Round 3 model of governance” for the regulation of offshore wind and other marine activities in the United Kingdom. The focus is on the licensing procedures applicable to offshore wind development. Thereafter, the study examines the appropriateness of the application of the Round 3 model to the regulation of marine renewables in the OECS, and makes recommendations in that regard.
Additionally, through the study of marine renewable resource development, this thesis looks at general conditions for effective ocean governance. In this regard, the thesis argues that strict hierarchical governance of the marine environment is not a desirable approach to effective ocean governance.
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Tompkins, Robyn. "Transboundary water resource management of the Pongolo River/Rio Maputo." Thesis, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/3273.
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In the Twenty-first Century, sustainable water management is likely to be humanity's greatest challenge in a world of ever-increasing demand. Legal instruments both international and national regulate and provide a general framework for the use and management of international waters. Future basin management agreements can be informed by examining the degree of success, in terms of sustainability and equity, achieved by such agreements. That success can be influenced by the degree to which such agreements support the human right to water implicitly stated in international customary law, through a collaborative management approach. Since 1988, attempts by communities on the Pongolo floodplain to be involved in Pongolopoort Dam releases, have met with little success. Recently, the Department of Water Affairs and Forestry has begun to support those efforts, but the approach remains a sectoral one, and is primarily concerned with water issues. The South African National Water Act 36 of 1998 provides for environmental management and public participation, as well as providing explicitly for the rights of individual water users, but its implementation is hampered by an overwhelming emphasis on technical considerations and a lack of political will to embrace collaborative management systems. Little effort is expended on collaborative management methods, though the level of transparency in water management is improving, despite remaining highly centralised. The level and extent of incentives for local community participation is low, and systematic monitoring is in its early development. International river basin agreements generally take a top-down or state-driven approach, though there are some examples where local cross-border communities have participated successfully in the implementation of international agreements and management of transboundary basins. South Africa, Swaziland and M09ambique signed the Interim Incomaputo Agreement, which includes the Maputo basin, in August 2002. Once again, the approach to this agreement has been highly sectoral in that negotiations were handled entirely by water officials in the relevant countries. A lack of transparency has prevailed in the negotiation stages, though through the basin studies, which will inform implementation plans, the level of participation should improve. There is overwhelming consensus that integrated management is the key to sustainable international river basin management. Formal and systematic methods for inter-departmental communication, both nationally and internationally are currently not being implemented, which has significant negative impacts on integrated management. Research in this area represents an opportunity to explore collaborative management of an international river basin in an area that is, as yet, unstressed in terms of population and water supply.Thesis (M.Env.Dev.)-University of Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2002.
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Sullivan, Colleen M. (Colleen Marie). "Assessment of the potential for conflict between existing ocean space use and renewable energy development off the coast of Oregon." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/30172.
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Oregon's ocean waters are a potential source of wind, wave, and tidal energy; of interest to renewable energy entrepreneurs and to the U.S. government as it seeks to bolster energy security. In order to install technology to capture this energy, however, it may be necessary to mitigate conflict with existing ocean space users. The objective of this research was to construct a conflict analysis model in a GIS to answer the following research questions: (1) Within the study area off the coast of Oregon, where are stakeholders currently using ocean space and how many uses overlap? (2) To what extent might existing ocean space use present potential for conflict with renewable energy development? (3) How do various types of uncertainty affect analysis results? (4) What are the implications of these findings for ecosystem based management of the ocean?
All available spatial information on ocean space usage by commercial fishing, commercial non-fishing, recreational, Native American, and scientific communities was gathered. Stakeholder outreach with these communities was used to vet the collected data and allow each to contribute knowledge not previously available through GIS data clearinghouses maintained by government or interest groups. The resulting data were used as inputs to a conflict visualization model written in Python and imported to an ArcGIS tool. Results showed extensive coverage and overlap of existing ocean space uses; specifically that 99.7% of the 1-nm² grid cells of the study area are occupied by at least 6 different categories of ocean space use. The six uses with the greatest coverage were: Fishing – Trolling, Habitat, Military, Fishing - Closure Areas, Protected, and Marine Transportation - Low Intensity. An uncertainty analysis was also completed to illustrate the margin for error and therefore the necessity of appropriate stakeholder outreach during the renewable energy siting process, as opposed to relying only on a GIS.
Ranking of each category by its potential for conflict with renewable energy development demonstrated which areas of the ocean may be particularly contentious. Because rankings are subjective, a tool was created to allow users to input their own rankings. For the purpose of this report, default rankings were assigned to each as justified by the literature. Results under these assumptions showed that space use and potential for conflict were highest between the coast and approximately 30 nm at sea. This is likely because certain space use is limited by depth (e.g., recreational use); there is increased shipping density as vessels approach and depart major ports; and increased fuel costs associated with traveling further from shore.
Two potential applications of model results were demonstrated. First, comparison with existing wave energy permit sites highlighted relative potential for conflict among the sites and the input data detailed the specific uses present. Second, comparison with areas determined most suitable for development by the wave energy industry illustrated that areas of high suitability often also had high rankings for potential for conflict. It appeared that the factors that determined development suitability were often the same factors that drew current ocean space users to those locations.
Current support at the state, regional and federal level under the National Ocean Policy for the use of marine spatial planning as a tool to implement ecosystem based management of the oceans requires that tools such as the one developed in this research are used, to ensure that all components of the marine ecosystem are considered prior to implementation of a management plan. The addition of renewable energy to the current social landscape of the ocean will reduce the resource base for many categories of ocean space use. Model results demonstrated that mitigation of conflict between development and existing space use is not merely a best practice supported by current policy, but a necessity. Results presented a visualization of the social landscape of the ocean that could help managers determine which stakeholders to engage during the initial stage of choosing a site for development.Graduation date: 2012
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Baun, Maike. "Development of a social media communication strategy for the marine conservation NGO Sea Shepherd Portugal focused on awareness and donation increase." Master's thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10071/21665.
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The oceans are the most important ecosystem to make human life on earth possible, as well as it provides substantial income for billions of people. Many NGOs fight for the protection of the oceans and marine wildlife. Sea Shepherd, a marine conservation organisation, fights on the front line for the survival of marine life and the rehabilitation of the seven seas. This project was conducted in cooperation with the fairly new subsidiary of the NGO in Portugal. Since Sea Shepherd Portugal is solely dependent on donations to run operations, this incompany project aims to develop a social media strategy focused on Facebook and Instagram to increase awareness and donations for Sea Shepherd Portugal. To develop a social media strategy to increase awareness and donations, primary and secondary data was collected. Examining the data and relating it to an in-depth literature review, patterns and correlations were observed that lead the achievement of the empirical
project. The project provides Sea Shepherd Portugal with (potential) donor insights regarding social
media communications. The research revealed that the NGO has to focus on six major objectives in social media communications: transparency, professionality, credibility, emotional attachment, trust and finally long-lasting relationships with their follower base. To achieve those key findings, social media content focused was developed that presents tools which will increase awareness and donations for Sea Shepherd.Os oceanos são o ecossistema mais importante para tornar possível a vida humana na Terra, bem como proporciona um rendimento substancial para milhares de milhões de pessoas. Muitas ONG lutam pela protecção dos oceanos e da vida selvagem marinha. A Sea Shepherd, uma organização de conservação marinha, luta na linha da frente pela sobrevivência da vida marinha e pela reabilitação dos sete mares. Este projecto foi levado a cabo em cooperação com a relativamente nova filial da ONG em Portugal. Uma vez que a Sea Shepherd Portugal está exclusivamente dependente de donativos para gerir as operações, este projecto in company visa desenvolver uma estratégia de comunicação social centrada no Facebook e Instagram para aumentar a sensibilização e os donativos para a Sea Shepherd Portugal. Para desenvolver uma estratégia de comunicação social para aumentar a sensibilização e os donativos, foram recolhidos dados primários e secundários. Examinando os dados e relacionando-os com uma revisão aprofundada da literatura, foram observados padrões e correlações que conduzem à realização do projecto empírico. O projecto fornece à Sea Shepherd Portugal (potenciais) percepções dos doadores relativamente às comunicações nos meios de comunicação social. A investigação revelou que a ONG tem de se concentrar em seis grandes objectivos na comunicação social: transparência, profissionalismo, credibilidade, apego emocional, confiança e finalmente relações duradouras com a sua base de seguidores. Para alcançar estas conclusões-chave, foi desenvolvido um conteúdo de meios de comunicação social centrado que apresenta ferramentas que aumentarão a sensibilização e as doações para a Sea Shepherd.
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Talba, Papite Lucienne. "Culture, gender and development in Sub-Saharan Africa." Thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/24836.
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Cette thèse analyse les causes profondes du sous-développement et des inégalités de genre en Afrique Sub-Saharienne. Le premier chapitre teste empiriquement l’hypothèse de Engels (1884) selon laquelle l’origine des inégalités de genre en Afrique serait la domestication historique des bovins. Pour résoudre les problèmes de biais d’endogenéités dans le choix de la domestication des bovins, j’adopte la stratégie des variables instrumentales en exploitant les facteurs géo-climatiques qui prédisent les terres les plus adaptées pour l’élevage des bovins. Les résultats des analyses montrent que les sociétés qui ont historiquement domestiquées les bovins ont eu plus d’inégalités de genre qui persistent jusqu’aujourd’hui.
Le deuxième chapitre est co-écrit avec Raphael Godefroy et Joshua Lewis. Dans ce chapitre, nous analysons les effets de court et long termes de la grande peste bovine survenue en Afrique dans les années 1890. Nous utilisons la méthode des doubles différences combinant les différences entre les terres favorables pour l’élevage des bovins et les conditions climatiques contemporaines. Notre étude montre que les sociétés les plus touchées par la peste bovine sont moins peuplés et ont moins de bovins, de plus les descendants de ces sociétés sont aujourd’hui les plus pauvres.
Le dernier chapitre analyse comment le genre des frères et sœurs influence l’âge au mariage des femmes. Les analyses basées sur le sexe du deuxième enfant révèlent que les femmes qui ont une petite sœur se marient plus tôt, ont plus d’enfants et sont moins éduquées. Les effets sont plus accentués dans les groupes ethniques qui utilisent la dot comme norme culturelle du mariage.This dissertation investigates the deep roots of differences in gender roles and development across societies in Sub-Saharan Africa. Chapter 1 examines the deep origins of differences in gender roles in Africa. I test empirically Engels (1884) hypothesis, that the origin of differences in gender roles in Africa was the historical domestication of cattle. To address potential endogeneity in historical cattle adoption, I adopt an instrumental variables approach that leverages geo-climatic factors affecting the suitability of lands for cattle-raising. I find empirical support for Engels (1884) hypothesis. Further, the results show that these differences in gender roles have persisted to present day. In chapter 2, which is co-authored with Raphael Godefroy and Joshua Lewis, we study the short- and long-run consequences of the 1890s African Rinderpest Epizoodic. We adopt a difference-in-differences strategy that combines differences across ethnic homelands in cattle-suitability with contemporaneous local drought conditions to identify ethnic groups that were more or less exposed to the outbreak. We find that the societies exposed to rinderpest experienced relative decreases in cattle-ownership in the decades after the outbreak. We uncover large relative long-run decreases in wealth among descendants of affected ethnic groups. These persistent economic losses appear to be partially driven by distressed migration. In chapter 3, I investigate how sibling gender composition affects women’s transition to first marriage in sub-Saharan Africa. To address potential endogeneity in the final sibling gender composition, I exploit the random assignment of the second child’s gender in household with at least two children. I find that female with a younger sister get married younger, with negative consequences for her education and literacy. The effects are stronger within countries that traditionally pay bride price at marriage.