Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Maritain, Jacques (1882-1973) – Et l'Amérique'
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Michel, Florian. "Un réseau d'intellectuels européens en Amérique du Nord : diffusion, réception et américanisation de la pensée catholique : années 1920-années 1960." Paris, EPHE, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006EPHE5016.
Full textFourcade, Michel. "Feu la modernité? : Maritain et les maritainismes." Montpellier 3, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000MON30058.
Full textGuena, Sylvain. "Jacques Maritain et Henry Bars, correspondance (1937-1973)." Brest, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006BRES1012.
Full textJacques Maritain and Henry Bars kept up a lengthy and rich correspondence. Both writers applied their thought to philosophy, spirituality and poetry. As the author of an important essay about Maritain's thought "Maritain in our time", and of a book about the writer's and spiritual interpreter's work "Literature and its conscience", Henry Bars represents the independant searcher who will agree solely with what he thinks is true. He was a great admirer of the thomistic philosopher, and still all his life he remained a solitary thinker. A deep friendchip liked him to Jacques Maritain. Nevertheless, they had intellectual and spiritual disagreements. Their relationship was also marked by personal tragedies - bereavements, depressions - echoed in a few letters. After Maritain's death in 1973, Bars became a reference, a master whose words were often determining. He died in 1991
Duvauchel, Marion. "L' esthétique oubliée de Jacques Maritain : un " chemin de poésie et de raison " : la théorie de l'inspiration et la thèse du double inconscient." Rouen, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004ROUEL493.
Full textThomiste, Martian set out in the center of his aesthetic a doctrine of the being and the mystery. He starts by setting up a theory of the art rooted in Aristotle options where art is the main notion. Il will very quickly enlarge towards a psychology of art and creation deeply intermingled by the two central notions: poetry and intuition. In using the scholastic options, Martian throws art into the field of reason. As far as poetry is concerned, it only obeys its law. Reason and poetry… their difficult alliance brings out a psychology of art: “is these a solution to the debate n reason and poetry which is really philosophical? Is it possible to show that, after all, poetry and intelligence belong to same blood and race and call each other? The question is at the center of Jacques Martian decisive inquiry. He therefore developed a theory on the creative act or process confronting two fearsome notions: the inspiration and the unconscious. This leads him towards a philosophical work on freudism and to establish a topic of the unconscious using Freud’s work without supporting it. This is the way he is going to elaborate a notion of the unconscious different from Freudian topic. Set on the idea of a “double unconscious”, it establishes the existence of a spiritual unconscious being the unique root of all human activities and the only one to make u aware of the creative activity, its singularity and his specificity. Afterwards, he enlarges the philosophy to the philosophy of the art history which starts with an analysis of the human artistic evolution : “the inquiry on the topical shapes”. The medieval philosophy could not have fused art and beauty. Martian does it. Following Scholastics, he gives to beauty a transcendental status but with a certain color. Finally, he reaches an aesthetic of literature where the work of art becomes a singular object: cosmos, structure and sign altogether
Compagnon, Olivier. "Aux sources de la démocratie chrétienne : Jacques Maritain (1882-1973) et les élites catholiques d'Amérique du Sud." Paris 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA010656.
Full textDickes-Lafargue, Godeleine. "Le dilemme de Jacques Maritain : l'évolution d'une pensée en philosophie politique." Paris 4, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA040126.
Full textThe philosophical path of Jacques Maritain is complex and ambiguous. A first approach can give an impression of continuity in his thinking. But nevertheless Maritain has not been faithfull to his first political writings. In those times of friendships with l'Action Française, he tooks the option of the counter-revolution. Starting from a pessimist conception of humanity, he founds his politic upon christianicism. He puts all his hopes on a tempered monarchy illustrated by the reign of Saint Louis. This one, giving the primacy to the spiritual. However in december 1927, Rome condemns the Action Française. Two years later is published Religion et culture, which makes known a new identity of the political thought of Maritain. Then, he develops an original conception of the man and the society, half-way between his intransigence of his ideas of 1920 and the modern democracy
Ruguduka, Baleke Stanislas. "Vérité et existence dans la philosophie française contemporaine selon Gabriel Marcel, Louis Lavelle et Jacques Maritain." Lyon 3, 2009. https://scd-resnum.univ-lyon3.fr/out/theses/2009_out_ruguduka_s.pdf.
Full textContemporary philosophy has demonstrated that the understanding of the idea of truth ought not to be limited any more to a purely intellectual process, but it should encompass the very essence of the subject. This implies taking into account the immediate and distant environment, its historical context and its contingency as a complete being, as opposed to modern systems, which seemed to give the illusion of understanding truth and possessing it. We think that any research requires of the philosopher that he defines the basis of the truth of his own existence. This is what Gabriel Marcel, Louis Lavelle and Jacques Maritain sought to do. Our times have the benefit of the reflection of these philosophers, who in their approach adopted an honest and authentic view based on the humility of the philosopher faced with the complexity of reality. This has led to a redefining of this concept - the fruit of an objective speculation using reason- but an answer to the call of the Absolute, the Unknowable, and Transcendental so that henceforth any discourse must broach upon a social engagement in a sincere communication between men. To bring about a climate of dialogue, love and hope where each individual welcomes the other as different from himself. Having limited our research into the universe of the French philosophers quoted above, this thesis is presented as an attempt to define the problem involved in the concept of truth today , postulating the existential experience as a basic perquisite
Lot, Frédéric. "Pour une topologie du savoir : en marge de l'oeuvre de Jacques Maritain." Paris 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA010567.
Full textThe discourse of certain scientists who appropriate areas until now reserved to philosophy, the sharper awareness of the limits of science and the existence of a certain relativism lead the philosopher to reconsider the problem of the distinction, order and heirarchy of knowledge. At the beginning of the century, the thomistic philosopher Jacques Maritain (1882-1973) attempted to respond to this problem in his work : the degrees of knowledge (1932). The author orders knowledge according to three degrees of abstraction and according to the way by which each defines the reality it considers. Philosophical sciences define by the essence, modem science not being able to reach this level is content to define by measurement. Having first exposed Maritain's doctrine, we then sought to critique it. In fact, it seems necessary to us today to give to the distinction between science and philosophy a priority on the criteria of the degrees of abstraction, so much the link between the intelligence and reality differs in the two types of knowledge. Moreover, after the analysis on book z of aristotle's metaphysics, the criteria on the manner of defining appears to be insufficient in so far as philosophy seeks to obtain, beyond the essence, the radical source of the intelligibility of reality, to know principles and proper causes. This critique has led us, in the second part of the thesis to establish an organization of knowledge in first distinguishing the way in which each knowledge confronts reality and then in structuring philosophy on proper principles. This organization is founded on the distinction between quantity and quality and on the discovery of metaphysical principles - the substance and the being in act. These distinctions leave room for a certain unity because all knowledge is founded on that which exists. Finally by this work, we have wanted to show the place and importance of the philosophical perspective : a poorer perspective but more directly oriented towards the human person, what he is, his destiny ; a perspective that focuses upon that which determines reality ; a perspective that ultimately becomes wisdom
Jourdain, de Thieulloy Guillaume. "La pensée politique néothomiste : étude à partir du cas de Jacques Maritain." Paris, EHESS, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002EHES0055.
Full textJacques Maritain was a leader of French neothomism, which is an intellectual movement invoking the name of Thomas Aquinas. This philosopher worked with Charles Peguy and Henri Bergson. At the beginning of the XXth century, he converted to Catholicism, under the influence of Leon Bloy. He took part in most of the intellectual debates of this century. During the twenties, he was close to the Action française of Charles Maurras, but left it after the Pope's condemnation in 1926. In the thirties, he was a leader of personnalism and especially of the group “Esprit” of Emmanuel Mounier. During the Spanish civil war, he refused to sustain general Franco. He left Europe for the United States at the beginning of the second world war. After the war, he was one of the most influential thinkers in the second Vatican council, as is seen most clearly in the Declaration on the religious liberty. The case of Jacques Maritain is not only historically interesting, but also theoretically. The philosopher was an advocate of the reconciliation between Church and the modern world, especially on the question of human rights. But he was also attached to the medieval Christendom and to the subordination of the political power to the religious one
Bardou, Jacques. "Penser la liberté à partir d'un dialogue entre Bergson et Maritain." Paris 10, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA100024.
Full textWe begin (chapteriv) with three short chapters comparing biographies of both authors. Then, four long chapters constitue the dialogue itself. Firstly we ask wether, as bergson writes, the existence of a free will is improveable and if this supposed inability to analyse freedom is a manifestation of the possibility of freedom. We then ask (chapter v) how the constituent determinism (physical or psychic) of each human being can lead to responsability. By tackling the preceeding chapter in more depth, chapter vi confronts the question of knowing how far one can think of a divine freedom. As the reply to the question "why is there something rather than nothing?", a question in which bergson believes he sees the expression of a non-issue. Consequently, our chapter vii asks how for philosophy can take into account an eventual encounter between such divine creator freedom and human freedom. We are thus lead to question the restrictive meaning th at kant gives to the verb" to think" and to place our two authors in contrast to certain aspects of the thoughts of descartes, spinoza, leibniz, freud, heidegger, sartre
Nkulu, Kabamba Olivier. "Ethique et démocratie: la problématique du personnalisme de Jacques Maritain :essai d'éthique politique." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/212507.
Full textWerz, Markus. "Approfondir le moment de l'existence : l'homme et sa nature dans le débat entre l'humanisme intégral et l'existentialisme athée." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE3042.
Full textThe French historian of philosophy Frédéric Worms distinguishes several “moments” in the French philosophy of the 20th century. The “moment de l’existence” is one of them. We try to give a deeper account of this moment through the representation of the philosophical debate between Jacques Maritain and Jean-Paul Sartre about human nature. The two philosophers are the major exponents of integral humanism and atheistic existentialism. Our research widens the debate introducing further elements of the philosophical context like the appreciation of the reign of the technology, the ascent of phenomenology and the totalitarian threat. At the deepest of the “moment de l’existence” we find an existential quest for human nature in spite of its technological, philosophical and political relativisation. We place the philosophy of Jacques Maritain in the centre of our research. In our opinion it seems quite impossible to gain a deeper understanding of the “moment de l’existence” without a look at the major philosophical contribution of this Christian thinker. Thus, our research fills a gap in the history of 20th century philosophy
Ruguduka, Baleke Stanislas. "De la transmission au partage des savoirs selon Jacques Maritain et Paulo Freire : prolégomènes à une pédagogie du développement en Afrique." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LYO20093/document.
Full textThe notion of the development of Africa is primarily tributary to its history and specifically to that of its independence. The African people expected that the accession to political independence would be followed by the economical independence that is instrumental in human development. The African Educational system has imported the western education prototype and has put in place free market policies instead of training/educating/moulding individuals capable of contributing with their intellectual and practical knowledge towards the making of a fair society that enhances development. To date, it is out of question to stick to this model. Development will not have any meaning if it is not genuine, showing solidarity and inclusiveness. This work is intended to conceive a typically genuine African model of development. This is ultimately linked /inseparable to the African philosophy of education whose concerns and making will constitute the objectives of this thesis. A philosopher, Jacques Maritain has already explored that possibility. While opposing the liberal education system, he has opened prospects to education for [development that shows solidarity /communal development] . Within Latin America’s context, another philosopher and educationist, Paulo Freire, has considered an alternative education paradigm. The search for a new philosophy of education for Africa is tributary to the comparative study of these two contemporary scholars
Prouvost, Géry. "Thomas d'Aquin et les thomismes : essai sur la philosophie chrétienne et sa constitution." Paris 4, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA040069.
Full textVinson, Éric. "La mobilisation du "spirituel" en démocratie au XXe siècle : trois exemples français : Jean Jaurès, Jacques Maritain, Lanza del Vasto." Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015IEPP0054.
Full textAs global humanist icons, Gandhi, M. L. King Jr. and the Dalai Lama show a common feature : they put religion – seen from its spiritual core – at the heart of their political action. It is then meaningful to single out these spiritual and democratic leaders from the liberal political sphere, where religion and politics tend to be separated, specially in France. Yet, in this country, some political figures of the last century show a kind of family likeness with those original leaders, all of them inspired by Gandhi. Among many others (Péguy, Mounier, S. Weil...), three contemporary philosophers – Socialist J. Jaurès (1859-1914), Neo-Thomist J. Maritain (1882-1973) and Peace activist Lanza del Vasto (1901-1981) – also base their approach on a spiritual ground, in spite of their differences due to their own specific relationship with catholicism, the french predominant religion. Without wandering to historical and biographic details, this doctoral thesis is studying these cases in order to define the ''Spiritual'', which is rarely done. Here, this word is conceptualized as the ''concern of the link with the ultimate reality'' (the Absolute, the Infinite, God for the believers) ; and its objective effects (theoretical and practical) on our ''commited mystics'' are scrutinized, then characterized inside a specific democratic trend. These effects are so decisive that they imply to recognize the ''Spiritual'' as an anthropological category, entailing a simultaneous redifining of the Political and the Religious. The latter, thus being requalified through the ''Spiritual'', can also be admitted in the liberal public sphere, while Political theory can find a new scientific paradigm
Goulet, Benoît. "Kierkegaard et l'existentialisme : les lectures mouniériste et maritaine de l'existentialisme moderne et l'héritage de Kierkegaard." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/43587.
Full textManaranche, Louis. "Stanislas Fumet (1896-1983). Au service d’une génération intellectuelle." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUL116.
Full textStanislas Fumet (1896-1983) was a Catholic intelllectual whose crucial role in many and varied domains is unrecognized. An editor of the prestigious series "Roseau d’Or", founder of the Christian journal Temps Présent, member of the Resistance, Gaullist, broadcaster for the radio station France Culture : none of these facets led to Fumet being in the foregroud of politically committed intellectuals. More than by an absence of fame, this reality can be explained by the supporting (or "ancillary" to use his godson Pierre Manent’s term) role that Fumet played to an intellectual generation marked by Jacques Maritain. Initially this generation’s servant, Fumet gradually became one of its last representatives, taking on a "spiritual magisterium in the temporal" (Jean-Marie Lustiger)
Pastrello, Maria. "Le problème du mal et la question de Dieu après Auschwitz : J. Maritain, G. Marcel, E. Lévinas, P. Ricoeur, H. Jonas." Paris 4, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA040190.
Full textPrévotat, Jacques. "Catholiques français et Action française : étude des deux condamnations romaines." Paris 10, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA100123.
Full textThe aim of this study has been to understand the nature of the alliance that was forged at the beginning of the 20th century between an important fraction of French Catholics and the nationalist school formed by the Action française. If the very special historical circumstances at the beginning of the century--the Dreyfus affair, anticlericalism, the separation of church and state, the religious crisis over modernism (1907) and the condemnation of the sillon (1910)--explain the favor enjoyed by the Action française in church circles, it is also clear that the positivist and pagan doctrine of the movement's chief leader and ideologue, Charles Maurras, provided ample scope for criticism to its opponents. The latter exploited this vulnerability, which resulted, on January 29, 1914, in a first condemnation of seven works of Maurras by the congregation of the index. Pope Pius X approved and signed this condemnation, but he deemed it preferable to suspend its promulgation so as not to appear to lend support to adversaries of his pontificate. Twelve years later, in very different historical circumstances, marked by the course of events following the first world war, Pope Pius XI reviewed the whole case and concluded that it was imperative to issue a severe warming to French Catholics against the paganism of the principal leaders of the Action française. This warming was very badly received. Few bishops gave active support to the pope. The leaders of the Action française revolted (non possumus). .