Relevant bibliographies by topics / Marital Rape

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Marital Rape'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 26 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Marital Rape"

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KIRKWOOD, MARY KAY, and DAWN K. CECIL. "Marital Rape." Violence Against Women 7, no. 11 (November 2001): 1234–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077801201007011003.

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Bennice, Jennifer A., and Patricia A. Resick. "Marital Rape." Trauma, Violence, & Abuse 4, no. 3 (July 2003): 228–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1524838003004003003.

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Shah, Nasreen Alsam, Shagufta Nasreen, and Aliyah Ali. "Marital Rape." Pakistan Journal of Gender Studies 3, no. 1 (March 8, 2010): 53–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.46568/pjgs.v3i1.370.

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Rape is a form of violence which exists from the ancient times in history. But it has been used to express power over women by men. Although we believe in Islam, which give us a charter of human rights long before it was recognized by the world, it has been interpreted to support some ideas which are misquoted or not explained with their contexts. Similar condition is in the case of marital rape which is an issue not acknowledged in Pakistan. This issue was initially raised by women rights activists. The issue is hushed up because it is considered that once married women give up her right on her body. Since forced sexual relations between a husband and wife are not legally considered cases of “rape” the question arises whether or not a wife herself views the incident as a “rape”. There are two important issues, which must be researched in the case of marital rape. The first area is victim offender relations and the second considers the element of power.
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HARMES, ROBERTA. "Marital Rape." Violence Against Women 5, no. 9 (September 1999): 1082–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/10778019922181644.

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Dayalu, Pranaya, and L. K. Swaraj. "Marital Rape: A Crime." International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development Volume-3, Issue-1 (December 31, 2018): 181–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.31142/ijtsrd18956.

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Shrivastava, Anjali, Devanshu Jain, and Ayan Hazra. "Marital Rape: A Legalised Sin." Indian Journal of Applied Research 3, no. 12 (October 1, 2011): 249–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/2249555x/dec2013/74.

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Whatley, Mark A. "For Better or Worse: The Case of Marital Rape." Violence and Victims 8, no. 1 (March 1, 1993): 29–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.8.1.29.

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The small amount of literature on marital rape compared to the rather large amount of literature on stranger rape suggests that the former is viewed as a less serious crime. This conclusion is supported, in part, by the way marital rape is minimized by the law. This paper is a review of the existing literature on marital rape. It combines the material on the history of marital rape, the legal issues involved with marital rape, when marital rape is likely to occur, the effects of marital rape, and societal views of the marital rape victim in a single comprehensive paper. The intent is to provide a synthesized examination of marital rape, as well as to encourage research on marital rape. It is concluded that marital rape is a pressing problem that tends to be minimized by society and researchers need to devote greater attention to marital rape issues.
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Painter, Kate, and David P. Farrington. "Marital Violence in Great Britain and its Relationship to Marital and Non-Marital Rape." International Review of Victimology 5, no. 3-4 (May 1998): 257–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026975809800500404.

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The National Survey of Wives in Great Britain was carried out to estimate the prevalence of violence by husbands against wives and the prevalence of rape of wives inside and outside marriage. A quota sample of 1,007 wives, drawn from each of the 10 standard regions of Great Britain, were interviewed. The results showed that 28% of wives had been hit by their husband, while 13% had sexual intercourse with their husband against their will. Lower class wives, and separated or divorced wives, were particularly likely to have been assaulted. The assaulted wives were disproportionally likely also to have been raped. Also, 13% of wives had been forced to have sex by someone other than their husband, and altogether 22% had been raped inside or outside marriage.
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Hazra, Ayan. "Marital Rape: An Overview." Quest-The Journal of UGC-HRDC Nainital 11, no. 3 (2017): 216. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2249-0035.2017.00028.6.

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Kanodia, Sakshi, and Ranjabati Ray. "Why Penalize Marital Rape." IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science 21, no. 09 (September 2016): 49–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.9790/0837-2109104955.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Marital Rape"

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Gettu, Nikita. "Cross Cultural Predictors of Blame Attribution in Marital and Non- Marital Rape." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2014. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/445.

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Victim blaming is one of the most prevalent obstacles in the recovery of sexual assault victims, especially in cases of marital rape. Given the media coverage of the Delhi rape case of December 2012, there has been an increase in international discourse regarding the impact of ethnic differences on rape culture, victim blaming, and gender equality. Indians, Indian Americans, and European Americans completed an online questionnaire that aimed to identify the potential effect of ethnicity and several other predictors on the attribution of blame in cases of marital and non- marital rape. Indian Americans were studied in order to investigate the possible effect of bicultural identity on blame attribution in rape cases. As hypothesized, Indian Americans scored between Indians and European Americans in almost all predictors of perpetrator, victim, and circumstance blame. Also consistent with study hypotheses, there were ethnic differences in blame attribution such that Indians blamed the victim and circumstance the most and blamed the perpetrator the least. There were no significant differences in blame behavior between Indian Americans and European Americans except for in cases of victim blame. As hypothesized, individualism, collectivism, rape myth acceptance, and system justification were significant predictors of victim, perpetrator, and circumstance blame. Additionally, there were significant correlations between types of blame, rape myth acceptance (RMA), and sexism. Also consistent with the hypothesis, perpetrators were blamed more in cases of non- marital rape than in cases of marital rape.
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Bazhaw, Melissa Anne. "For Better or for Worse? Media Coverage of Marital Rape in the 1978 Rideout Trial." unrestricted, 2008. http://etd.gsu.edu/theses/available/etd-04172008-231548/.

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Thesis (M.A.)--Georgia State University, 2008.
Title from file title page. Jeffrey Bennett, committee chair; Jaye Atkinson, Marian Meyers, committee members. Electronic text (118 p.) : digital, PDF file. Description based on contents viewed July 16, 2008. Includes bibliographical references (p. 109-118).
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Nasha, Refilwe M. "Criminalising Marital Rape in Botswana: The Need for Legal Reform." Master's thesis, Faculty of Law, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/11427/31714.

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Marital rape is not a criminal offence in Botswana. This means therefore that, the law of Botswana recognises other forms of rape, except for marital rape. Marital rape is a form of intimate partner violence that the Convention on the Elimination of all Forms of violence Against Women refers to as domestic violence. Marital rape is also a form of gender based violence against women because it is a violence that is directed against women because they are women. Marital rape results in serious medical, emotional and mental harm. As a result, marital rape violates numerous human rights that range from the right not to be subjected to torture or to cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment or punishment, the right to security and liberty of the person, as well as the right to health, just to mention a few. The human rights that are violated by marital rape are provided for under international human rights instruments that Botswana has ratified. Further, The Constitution of Botswana contains, in its Bill of Rights, a provision that guarantees every person in Botswana protection of the law regardless of sex. The biggest challenge for this dissertation is that there is no scientific evidence that serves as authority that marital rape does occur in Botswana. However, the findings of the studies conducted on gender based violence show there is a strong possibility of marital rape due to some cultural factors that give men sexual entitlement in a marriage. Further some women have come out to relate their rape ordeals at the hands of their husbands. With this dissertation, I seek to make a case for the criminalisation of marital rape. My argument in this dissertation is that, even without scientific evidence in the form of statistics, any form of violence against women is a violation of women human rights. As a result, it is necessary for Botswana to put measures in place, including criminalising marital rape, to protect married women’s human rights. Further, even though a sovereign state, Botswana has ratified international human rights instruments and is therefore bound by its international obligations to prevent, eradicate and punish any form of violence that violates human rights. Furthermore, other than what international law provide in regard to criminalisation of marital rape, marital rape needs to criminalised in order to provide effective protection and remedies for married women against marital rape.
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Balazsi, Linnéa. "Marital rape in India : the subject of a private matter within the four walls of a marital home?" Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för juridik, psykologi och socialt arbete, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-94614.

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Norton, Fleur. "The role of the law in confronting marital rape. (A case study of Ghana)." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/12466.

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This study proposes that the root cause of violence against women, which includes marital rape, is gender discrimination. The primary objective of the author is to establish the role of the law in confronting marital rape in Ghana. It seeks to determine what the status of women is in Ghana and how this intersects with the legal framework on marital rape to either exacerbate their vulnerability to this crime or ameliorate it. This study also investigates how international, regional and domestic human rights laws can be used to address discrimination against women to solve the problem of marital rape. Finally, this study seeks to determine how the impact of the law can be maximised by highlighting some of the main challenges posed to its implementation and then proposing possible solutions to such challenges.
A Dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Law University of Pretoria, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree Masters of Law (LLM in Human Rights and Democratisation in Africa). Prepared under the supervision of EY Benneh, Faculty of Law, University of Ghana, Legon.
Thesis (LLM (Human Rights and Democratisation in Africa))--University of Pretoria, 2009.
http://www.chr.up.ac.za/
Centre for Human Rights
LLM
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Karimakwenda, Nyasha. "Where rape does not exist: tracing the unsettled position of marital rape in South Africa through women's recourse-seeking journeys." Doctoral thesis, Faculty of Law, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/30023.

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Through a feminist and interpretivist lens, this dissertation addresses the present dearth of research on marital rape in contemporary South Africa by exploring contradictory institutional responses to marital rape in legal, policy, and social contexts. Drawing from an array of academic traditions spanning law, the social sciences and the humanities, as well as empirical research with women’s rights organisations undertaken by the author, my research question asks: Since the criminalisation of marital rape in 1993, in what ways is marital rape in South Africa rendered (in)visible in and through the institutions where women seek protection from violence? The dissertation argues that despite the criminalisation of marital rape and an emergent women’s rights consciousness within the law, formal and informal institutions that survivors seek help from are complicit in fostering conditions that allow for marital rape to persist. These hindrances arise in both overt and subtle forms. Concurrently, the dissertation draws out the kinds of circumstances through which marital rape is revealed, acknowledged and addressed within institutional environments. Tracing women’s endeavours to seek protection, the research captures the manner in which Black women are compelled to carry disquieting levels of violence, while also discovering the forms of recourse that eventually do provide them relief. The research findings unearth an interplay of factors that preclude recognition of the scale of sexual violence in marriage, and stifle survivors’ ability to find recourse. Amidst this web of barriers, local women’s rights civil society organisations play a critical role in assisting survivors and bringing the sexual abuse to light. Through the range of local services offered by these organisations, survivors are progressively empowered to enact changes in their lives and find means of freeing themselves from abuse.
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Guantai, Liz. "Towards the legal protection of married women: Combating and criminalising marital rape in Kenya." Master's thesis, Faculty of Law, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/11427/31812.

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This dissertation addresses the most neglected form of sexual violence in Kenya - marital rape. Drawing from prevailing statistics and testimonies by survivors, it confirms the existence of marital rape in Kenya and delves deeper into the prevailing social and legal dynamics that condone it. On examining the existing legal framework governing sexual violence in Kenya, the finding is that there is no law that explicitly criminalises marital rape. Marital rape is a human rights issue as it curtails women‟s enjoyment of their right to equality and dignity. This dissertation argues that Kenya has a duty to honour her State obligations under international human rights law to respect, protect and fulfill human rights. The dissertation concludes that by not criminalising marital rape, Kenya has failed to satisfy her treaty obligations under International Human Rights Law. The dissertation further draws insights from other jurisdictions‟ legal responses to marital rape through a comparative study of South Africa, India and Australia. The main recommendation of this dissertation is that Kenya should explicitly criminalise marital rape in order to respect, protect and fulfill her human rights obligations pertinent to women. Moreover, it is recommended that a comprehensive response to marital rape requires the State to embrace both legal and extra-legal reforms that will not only criminalise but ultimately combat marital rape in the long term.
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Salan, Sour Suphot Dendoung. "Marital rape among the poor women in the Slum of Urban Phnom Penh, Cambodia /." Abstract, 2005. http://mulinet3.li.mahidol.ac.th/thesis/2548/cd376/4637979.pdf.

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Mutlu, Melek Merve. "Women and Tradition in Turkish Television Culture : The Modern day representations of Rape and Pre-marital sexuality." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för informatik och media, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-201568.

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In this thesis, Women and Tradition in Turkish Television culture-The modern day representation of rape and pre-marital sexuality looks into how rape and pre-marital sexuality is represented under traditional gender roles. This is a cultural study that tries to understand the sexual identity of women trying to be represented on television series in Turkey. Two television serials “Fatmagülün Suçu Ne?” and “Hayat Devam Ediyor” are selected as case studies. The two main characters “Fatmagül” and “Hayat” are analyzed in both television serials. The main research question presented in the thesis, “With a particular focus on gender representation, how are the issues of rape and extra-marital sex addressed in the Turkish television serials “Hayat Devam diyor” and “Fatmagül’ün suçu ne?” The particular of representation of gender sexuality is in the traditional and social sphere. The theoretical framework is mainly based on theories based on “Feminism” with a focus on “Radical Feminism” and “Patriarchy”. The main methodological framework used is “critical discourse analysis”.  The findings in the thesis through the analysis of episodes dealing with rape and pre-marital sexuality the representations of the main female characters are more negatively in their social spheres. They are excluded from society and represented as the second-class citizen. With this study my aim is to look into the relationship of representations of gender, which will bring more attention to the sensitive topics of oppression of gender sexuality and the representation through gendered realities in the television serials.
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Qian, Xiangyang. "Marital rape in China and the UK : problems in the current approach to culture and law." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/27223.

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The thesis deals with approaches to the study of culture and law in the context of the problem of marital rape in China. On the basis of the empirical research, serious legal inconsistency can be found: while the legislation has actually criminalized marital rape, most judges decriminalize marital rape actions. I argue that the problems are related to the misunderstanding of the concept of culture and culture’s relationship with law, which is in turn related to the current approach to culture and law studies. I suggest methodological improvements here which better help in looking at problems and solutions in respect of marital rape. The thesis is structured as follows. Chapter 1 reviews the literature in the areas concerned. Chapter 2 provides empirical data on Chinese marital rape law, including legislation, judicial practices and attitudes of different groups of people to martial rape. Chapter 3 analyses that empirical data concluding that a new approach of memetics has advantages over the current cultural approach. In Chapter 4, by briefly reviewing the criminalization of marital rape in the UK, I try to demonstrate a wider validity for the memetic approach. In the final chapter I argue for memetics as an approach both to the theoretical problems in law and culture studies and also to the problems of Chinese marital rape law.
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Books on the topic "Marital Rape"

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Domestic violence: Spouse abuse/marital rape. Santa Cruz, Calif., USA: Reference and Research Services, 1986.

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Idrus, Nurul Ilmi. Marital rape: Kekerasan seksual dalam perkawinan. Yogyakarta: Kerja sama Ford Foundation dengan Pusat Penelitian Kependudukan, Universitas Gadjah Mada, 1999.

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Hasday, Jill Elaine. Contest and consent: A legal history of marital rape. [Chicago, Ill.]: The University of Chicago Law School, 2000.

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Diah, Mohd Shahrizad Mohd. The Legal & Social Issues of Wife Battering and Marital Rape in Malaysia. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 1996.

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Römkens, Renée G. Onder ons gezegd en gezwegen: Geweld tegen vrouwen in man-vrouw relaties. Rijswijk: Ministerie van Welzijn, Volksgezondheid en Cultuur, 1989.

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Regroupement provincial des maisons d'hébergement et de transition pour femmes victimes de violence. La sexualité blessée: Étude sur la violence sexuelle en milieu conjugal. Montréal, Québec: Regroupement provincial des maisons d'hébergement et de transition pour femmes victimes de violence, 1987.

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Rape within marriage: A moral analysis delayed. Lanham, MD: University Press of America, 1985.

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Rights, European Court of Human. A. Affaire Bryan c. Royaume-uni : arrêt du 22 Novembre 1995.: B. Affaire S.W. c. Royaume-uni : arrêt du 22 Novembre 1995. C. Affaire C.R. c. Royaume-uni : arrêt du 22 Novembre 1995 = A. Case of Bryan v. the United Kingdom : judgment of 22 November 1995. B. Case of S.W. v. the United Kingdom : judgment of 22 November 1995. C. Case of C.R. v. the United Kingdom : judgment of 22 November 1995. Strasbourg: Greffe de la Cour, Conseil de l'Europe, 1996.

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Réaume, Denise. Gender issues in the law. Toronto, Ont.]: Faculty of Law, University of Toronto, 1987.

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Réaume, Denise. Gender issues in the law. Toronto, Ont.]: Faculty of Law, University of Toronto, 1989.

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Book chapters on the topic "Marital Rape"

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Pagelow, Mildred Daley. "Marital Rape." In Handbook of Family Violence, 207–32. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-5360-8_9.

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Resnick, Heidi S., Dean G. Kilpatrick, Catherine Walsh, and Lois J. Veronen. "Marital Rape." In Case Studies in Family Violence, 329–55. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9582-0_18.

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Resnick, Heidi S., Sherry A. Falsetti, and Shawn P. Cahill. "Marital Rape." In Case Studies in Family Violence, 375–414. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-4171-4_17.

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Chancellor, Arthur S. "Acquaintance and Marital Rape." In Investigating Sexual Assault Cases, 237–62. 2nd ed. New York: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003104384-13.

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Rethelyi, Mari. "Rabbinic Understandings of Marital Rape in the Talmud." In Rape Culture, Gender Violence, and Religion, 195–212. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-72224-5_11.

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Prajapati, Prerna. "Marital Rape: A Non-criminalized Crime in India Against Women." In Gender Equity: Challenges and Opportunities, 383–90. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-0460-8_39.

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Pande, B. B. "The Immutability of the Marital Exemption Clause in the Indian Rape Law." In The Indian Yearbook of Comparative Law, 365–82. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-7052-6_16.

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P’Odong, Patricia A., and Barbara L. Can. "Combating Marital Rape: The Law and the Criminal Justice System in Uganda." In Violence Against Women and Criminal Justice in Africa: Volume II, 109–37. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-75953-7_5.

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Savage, Gail. "‘… the instrument of an animal function’: Marital Rape and Sexual Cruelty in the Divorce Court, 1858–1908." In The Politics of Domestic Authority in Britain since 1800, 43–57. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230250796_3.

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Meer, Fathima. "Marital status, family and suicide." In Race and Suicide in South Africa, 81–95. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003316145-14.

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Conference papers on the topic "Marital Rape"

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Ainunnisa Rezky, A., R. Andini Naulina, and U. Raditio Jati. "Comparative Perspective on Marital Rape: Western Law and Islamic Law." In 3rd International Conference on Law and Governance (ICLAVE 2019). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/aebmr.k.200321.017.

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Fila Rais, Natasya. "The Implementation Of Sustainable Development Goals To Stop Marital Rape In Indonesia." In 1st International Conference of Law and Justice - Good Governance and Human Rights in Muslim Countries: Experiences and Challenges (ICLJ 2017). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/iclj-17.2018.4.

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Yamada, Yasuyuki, Yukari Kinooka, Takeshi Ebara, and Motoki Mizuno. "Descriptive Evidence of the Work-Family Compensation among Japanese Midwives: Using the Multiple Role Map Program." In Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics Conference. AHFE International, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe100353.

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Working midwives actively perform various roles including midwife, manager, mother, marital partner and friend. From the “compensation” perspective, they try to cope with dissatisfaction caused in one role (e.g. midwife role) by obtaining satisfaction in other roles (e.g. mother role). Although the episodes about compensation were useful information for the practical career support, the previous studies didn’t show enough evidence. Hence, this study aimed to collect compensation episodes from Japanese working midwives and to show the descriptive evidence by using Multiple Role Map (MRM) program. The participants were female midwives working in a university hospital in Japan. We conducted the MRM program to all of the midwives working in the hospital and collected eighteen MRM sheets from them (recovery rate = 100%). According to the spreadsheet and descriptive episodes, major contents of compensable dissatisfactions were fatigue, frustration, pressure, distress and job stressors caused in the midwife and manager roles. Meanwhile, these dissatisfactions were compensated by satisfactions received in the friend, marital partner and mother roles and the private time. To obtain more practical findings for the career support, we will develop a statistical scoring method with the MRM data and conduct a validation study comparing the scores and external criterion for standardized health outcomes.
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Xie, Ronghai. "The Influence of Education Level, Gender, Race, Marital Status, Age, and Occupation on the Wage of the General Population." In 2022 7th International Conference on Social Sciences and Economic Development (ICSSED 2022). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/aebmr.k.220405.155.

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Silva Franco, Andre, Elcio Koodiro Yoshida, Isabele Parente de Brito Antonelli, Guilherme Guimarães Moreira Balbi, Janaina Baggio, Heitor Furlan Giordano, Henrique Ayres Mayrink Giardini, Lissiane Karine Noronha Guedes, Diogo Souza Domiciano, and Rosa Maria Rodrigues Pereira. "Felty’s syndrome - a rare diagnosis, but one that should not be overlooked." In SBR 2021 Congresso Brasileiro de Reumatologia. Sociedade Brasileira de Reumatologia, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.47660/cbr.2021.1774.

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Asahi, Toshimasa, Toshimasa Asahi, Kazuhiko Ichimi, Kazuhiko Ichimi, Kuninao Tada, and Kuninao Tada. "NUTRIENT DYNAMICS IN EELGRASS (ZOSTERA MARINA) MEADOW AND THE VARIATION OF NUTRIENT CONTENTS OF EELGRASS." In Managing risks to coastal regions and communities in a changing world. Academus Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.31519/conferencearticle_5b1b938251aa95.85691438.

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Nutrient dynamics in seagrass beds and nutrient demands of seagrass biomass are not clear, although nutrient uptake of seagrass has been experimentally studied in the laboratory. We conducted the field observations and the bottom sediment core incubations to estimate nutrient fluxes in the seagrass, Zostera marina meadow. DIN (nitrate, nitrite and ammonium) concentrations were always low particularly during the Z. marina growing season (from spring to summer), and water exchanges caused by tidal currents hardly supplied nutrient demand for Z. marina. Sediment pore water also supplied insufficient nutrients to Z. marina, because pore water had less volume than the water column, although DIN concentrations of pore water were 10-100 fold higher than those of the water column. Nutrient flux from sediment to water column estimated by the sediment core incubation experiments showed a similar rate with tidal water exchange. Thus, our results suggested that Z. marina adapted for low nutrient concentrations and each nutrient source in the Z. marina meadow slightly contributed but could not support Z. marina growth. We found that another nutrient source, for example, precipitation, supplied high DIN to the Z. marina meadow. After rainfall, the DIN concentration of seawater in the Z. marina meadow increased 2-5 times higher. Moreover, nitrogen content of eelgrass also increased 2-3 times higher during several days. Those results suggested that Z. marina was usually exposed to a low nutrient concentration but could uptake abundant nutrients from temporary nutrient supplies such as precipitation.
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Asahi, Toshimasa, Toshimasa Asahi, Kazuhiko Ichimi, Kazuhiko Ichimi, Kuninao Tada, and Kuninao Tada. "NUTRIENT DYNAMICS IN EELGRASS (ZOSTERA MARINA) MEADOW AND THE VARIATION OF NUTRIENT CONTENTS OF EELGRASS." In Managing risks to coastal regions and communities in a changing world. Academus Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.21610/conferencearticle_58b4316623b72.

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Nutrient dynamics in seagrass beds and nutrient demands of seagrass biomass are not clear, although nutrient uptake of seagrass has been experimentally studied in the laboratory. We conducted the field observations and the bottom sediment core incubations to estimate nutrient fluxes in the seagrass, Zostera marina meadow. DIN (nitrate, nitrite and ammonium) concentrations were always low particularly during the Z. marina growing season (from spring to summer), and water exchanges caused by tidal currents hardly supplied nutrient demand for Z. marina. Sediment pore water also supplied insufficient nutrients to Z. marina, because pore water had less volume than the water column, although DIN concentrations of pore water were 10-100 fold higher than those of the water column. Nutrient flux from sediment to water column estimated by the sediment core incubation experiments showed a similar rate with tidal water exchange. Thus, our results suggested that Z. marina adapted for low nutrient concentrations and each nutrient source in the Z. marina meadow slightly contributed but could not support Z. marina growth. We found that another nutrient source, for example, precipitation, supplied high DIN to the Z. marina meadow. After rainfall, the DIN concentration of seawater in the Z. marina meadow increased 2-5 times higher. Moreover, nitrogen content of eelgrass also increased 2-3 times higher during several days. Those results suggested that Z. marina was usually exposed to a low nutrient concentration but could uptake abundant nutrients from temporary nutrient supplies such as precipitation.
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Chandak, Aastha, Preethy Nayar, Ge Kan, and Niodita Gupta. "Abstract A30: Affordability of screening, race and marital status predict early detection of breast cancer: Analysis of cancer registry data." In Abstracts: AACR Special Conference: Improving Cancer Risk Prediction for Prevention and Early Detection; November 16-19, 2016; Orlando, FL. American Association for Cancer Research, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7755.carisk16-a30.

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Martinez, ME, K. Anderson, R. Schwab, S. Hurley, AJ Canchola, THM Keegan, I. Cheng, C. Clarke, S. Glaser, and SL Gomez. "Abstract P1-07-26: Marital status and overall mortality in breast cancer patients: Differences by socioeconomic status and race/ethnicity." In Abstracts: Thirty-Eighth Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; December 8-12, 2015; San Antonio, TX. American Association for Cancer Research, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs15-p1-07-26.

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Santos, Raimundo Maurício dos, Felipe Eberhart Figur, Igor José Colcenti, Gustavo Roberto Minetto Wegner, Sarah Gondim Santos Paulino, Sara Julia Zorzi de Brum, Renata dos Santos Rabello, Ivana Loraine Lindemann, and Ana Luísa Casado Brasil Dozza. "Deaths due to meningococcal infection in Brazil: analysis from 2009 to 2019." In XIII Congresso Paulista de Neurologia. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1516-3180.368.

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Background: Meningococcal disease is an acute and rapidly fatal infection caused by the bacterium Neisseria meningitidis. It can cause meningitis and severe meningococcemia, being more frequent in children and young adults. Transmission occurs through direct contact with oral nasal secretions. Objectives: Describe the mortality rate and characteristics of patients who died of meningococcal infection in Brazil. Design and setting: Descriptive ecological study conducted with data accessed from SIM - DATASUS. Methods: National notifications from 2009 to 2019 were included and the variables to be analyzed. The frequencies and the mortality rate were calculated. Results: 3,383 deaths were reported and there was a 37% decrease in the period, from 0.24 / 100,000 inhabitants in 2009 to 0.09 / 100,000 in 2019. Most cases occurred in males (55.5%), aged 1 to 9 years (29.1%), non-white skin color (49.3%), 1 to 7 years of schooling (54%) and single marital status (67.4%). Conclusions: The number of deaths from meningococcal infection declined in the period. In an effort to promote a more significant reduction in mortality rates, there is a need for continuous diagnosis and early treatment, in addition to prevention through vaccination.
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Reports on the topic "Marital Rape"

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Brown, Adrianne. Trends in Non-Marriage Among Men, 2005-2019. National Center for Family and Marriage Research, January 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.25035/ncfmr/fp-22-01.

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Marital behavior has changed dramatically in the U.S. (FP-21-24), with variation across sociodemographic characteristics such as education and race-ethnicity (FP-21-12). Using data from the American Community Survey (ACS), this profile examines the share of never-married men aged 35-39 by race-ethnicity and educational attainment. We focus on those aged 35-39 because this age bracket is above the median age of first marriage (the age in which at least 50% of men were married) in 2019 (FP-21-12) and captures most first marital experiences. White, Black, and Asian refers to those who are non-Hispanic and report a single race in the ACS, and Hispanic refers to those who report their ethnicity as Hispanic, regardless of race. Those with a two-year degree are included in the “some college” category.
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Mulligan, Casey. Recent Marginal Labor Income Tax Rate Changes by Skill and Marital Status. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, September 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w18426.

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Hirosima, Kiyosi. Another tempo distortion: analyzing controlled fertility by age-specific marital fertility rate. Rostock: Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, January 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.4054/mpidr-wp-2010-003.

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Cha, Amy. Demographic Variation in Health Insurance Coverage: United States, 2020. National Center for Health Statistics (U.S.), February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.15620/cdc:113097.

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This report presents national estimates of different types of health insurance coverage and lack of coverage (uninsured). Estimates are presented by selected sociodemographic characteristics, including age, sex, race and Hispanic origin, family income, education level, employment status, and marital status.
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Borjas, George. Still More On Mariel: The Role of Race. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, June 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w23504.

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Haberland, Nicole, Erica Chong, and Hillary J. Bracken. A world apart: The disadvantage and social isolation of married adolescent girls. Population Council, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/pgy22.1010.

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This brief is based on a paper prepared for the WHO/UNFPA/Population Council Technical Consultation on Married Adolescents, held in Geneva, Switzerland, December 9–12, 2003. The consultation brought together experts from the United Nations, donors, and nongovernmental agencies to consider the evidence regarding married adolescent girls’ reproductive health, vulnerability to HIV infection, social and economic disadvantage, and rights. The relationships to major policy initiatives—including safe motherhood, HIV, adolescent sexual and reproductive health, and reproductive rights—were explored, and emerging findings from the still relatively rare programs that are directed at this population were discussed. Despite the program attention and funding that have been devoted to adolescents, early marriage and married adolescents have fallen largely outside of the field’s concern. Comprising the majority of sexually active adolescent girls in developing countries, this large and vulnerable subpopulation has received neither program and policy consideration in the adolescent sexual and reproductive health field, nor special attention from reproductive health and development programs for adult women. While adolescent girls, irrespective of marital status, are vulnerable in many settings and deserve program, policy, and resource support, the purpose of this brief is to describe the distinctive and often disadvantaged situations of married girls and to propose possible future policy and program options.
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