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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Maritime law, middle east

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Academic literature on the topic 'Maritime law, middle east'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 29 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Maritime law, middle east"

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Shapland, Greg. "MARITIME BOUNDARIES IN THE MIDDLE EAST." Asian Affairs 51, no. 1 (January 2, 2020): 146–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03068374.2019.1707529.

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Kwiatkowska, Barbara. "Submissions to the UN Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf: The Practice of Developing States in Cases of Disputed and Unresolved Maritime Boundary Delimitations or Other Land or Maritime Disputes. Part One." International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law 28, no. 2 (2013): 219–341. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718085-12341279.

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Abstract This is the first part of a two-part article surveying state practice regarding Disputed and Unresolved Maritime Boundary Delimitations or Other Land or Maritime Disputes under the Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf (CLCS) Rules. It reviews basic principles and the interpretation of the 1982 UN Law of the Sea Convention and the CLCS Rules. As the 2006 Annex VII Barbados/Trinidad and Tobago Award and the 2012 ITLOS Bangladesh v. Myanmar Judgment reaffirmed, the CLCS Recommendations must in no way prejudice existing and prospective boundary delimitations, nor must they prejudice other land or maritime disputes. All practical means of giving effect to such “without prejudice” principles are carefully analysed. The present Part covers Latin America and the Wider Caribbean, Northeast and Southeast Asia, and the South Pacific. Part Two will cover South Asia and the Middle East, East Africa—Indian Ocean, South Africa, West Africa and North Africa.

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Kwiatkowska, Barbara. "Submissions to the UN Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf: The Practice of Developing States in Cases of Disputed and Unresolved Maritime Boundary Delimitations or Other Land or Maritime Disputes. Part Two." International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law 28, no. 4 (2013): 615–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718085-12341296.

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Abstract This is the second part of a two-part article surveying state practice regarding Disputed and Unresolved Maritime Boundary Delimitations or Other Land or Maritime Disputes under the Rules of the Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf (CLCS). It reviews basic principles and the interpretation of the 1982 UN Law of the Sea Convention and the CLCS Rules. As the 2006 Barbados/Trinidad and Tobago Award and the 2012 ITLOS Bangladesh v. Myanmar Judgment reaffirmed, the CLCS Recommendations must in no way prejudice existing and prospective boundary delimitations, nor must they prejudice other land or maritime disputes. All practical means of giving effect to such “without prejudice” principles are carefully analysed. Part One covers Latin America and the Wider Caribbean, Northeast and Southeast Asia, and the South Pacific. The present Part Two covers South Asia and the Middle East, East Africa-Indian Ocean, South Africa, West Africa and North Africa.

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Naboush, Eman. "The Carrier’s Liability for Delay under UAE Maritime Law: A Comparative Study." Arab Law Quarterly 34, no. 3 (February 27, 2020): 290–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15730255-14030068.

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Abstract The carriage of goods by sea plays a vital role in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) economy as its several seaports are strategically located at the crossroads of the Middle East/southwest Asian region. Therefore, knowledge of the legal rules governing the carriage of goods by sea, as they are applied in the UAE, is important. This study focuses particularly on those rules relating to the carrier’s liability for delay in the delivery of goods by sea to their port of destination. Since in most cases of delay no physical loss of goods incurs, economic loss is a prominent aspect of delay cases. This study analyses the provisions of delay in the UAE and compares those with the pertinent international conventions on the carriage of goods by sea. The aim is to examine the extent to which provisions of UAE commercial maritime laws align with the international conventions regarding delay of cargo delivery.

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Fathiraini, N., W. Darmawan, T. Ma’mur, and W. I. Fauzi. "The vantage point of geopolitics: capturing indonesia’s maritime axis." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1089, no. 1 (November 1, 2022): 012062. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1089/1/012062.

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Abstract After the East Asia Summit in 2014, the Indonesia Maritime Axis became a priority under Joko Widodo’s administration. The maritime development aspect once articulated in the Djuanda Declaration in 1957, however, during several periods of leadership, the government marginalized the Maritime realm and was more directed to encourage agricultural as well as inland centric development vigorously. Truly unfortunate, it became contrast with the fact that Indonesia, as an archipelagic country based on the United Nations Convention for the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) in 1982, hibernated over periods to maritime development. This study examined Indonesia Maritime Axis policy from a geopolitics perspective in international relations and national interests. The research method utilized qualitative with a descriptive analysis approach. The main argument rest in a state which performed geopolitics in regional dynamics, prominently towards Indo-Asia-Pacific rim to achieve national interests. The United States and China tried to anchor down their influence over this vast and vibrant region while Indonesia seeks opportunities towards cooperation to increase economic growth. Furthermore, Indonesia firmly showcased a rising middle power, as well as an archipelagic country, which struggle to protect its maritime sovereignty.

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Daniels, Kelly, and Sara McLaughlin Mitchell. "Bones of democratic contention: Maritime disputes." International Area Studies Review 20, no. 4 (November 23, 2017): 293–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2233865917740269.

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While no two democratic states have fought an interstate war against each other, democratic dyads experience militarized disputes with some frequency. Previous research suggests that a large percentage of militarized disputes between two democracies involve fishing and oil resources of the sea. Yet this research selects on cases where militarized conflict occurs, and fails to consider whether democracies have more frequent diplomatic conflicts over maritime areas relative to other regime pairings. Analyzing data from the Issue Correlates of War project, which includes diplomatic conflicts over maritime areas (1900–2007) in the Americas, Europe, Middle East, and Asia, this study finds that pairs of democracies have the highest chance of experiencing diplomatic maritime disputes among all pairs of countries in the same region or dyads involving major powers. Three theoretical explanations were empirically evaluated to account for this pattern: (a) greater opportunities for democratic maritime conflicts given higher levels of economic productivity and the sizes of fishing fleets in democratic states, (b) the increasing securitization of maritime issues, especially after the terrorist attacks of September 2001, and (c) variations in the number of democracies across regional contexts. Several illustrative case studies for each theoretical argument are presented. The authors discuss the implications of these findings for the democratic peace literature and the law of the sea regime.

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Lewis, Angeline. "Flag Verification on the High Seas: Understanding Requirements for Masters and Commanders." International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law 30, no. 2 (May 25, 2015): 335–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718085-12341352.

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Operational reporting from the Middle East indicates that the exercise by warships of a right of visit on the high seas, in order to verify the flag of the boarded vessel, is an important part of contemporary maritime enforcement operations. However, this reliance on ‘flag verification boardings,’ pursuant to Article 110 of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea 1982, challenges the proper balance of law enforcement authority against the traditional freedom of navigation. It is therefore necessary to establish clearly for both civilian masters and warship commanders where the evidentiary threshold for reasonable doubt as to the nationality of vessels lies, so as to justify non-consensual visit and search by a foreign warship. This article makes an objective, evidence-based assessment of the threshold, concluding with a caution against over-stretching the right of visit to accommodate law enforcement purposes not envisaged in the drafting of Article 110.

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Sood, Gagan D. S. "Sovereign Justice in Precolonial Maritime Asia: The Case of the Mayor's Court of Bombay, 1726–1798." Itinerario 37, no. 2 (August 2013): 46–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0165115313000703.

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From the beginning of the nineteenth century, remarkable developments in the realm of law were witnessed throughout the world. They expressed and paved the way for a new type of dispensation. For those parts of Asia and the Middle East with a substantial European presence, the legitimate rules, principles, and procedures for resolving disputes were progressively assimilated into systems of state-sanctioned legal pluralism. The process—at once gradual, charged, and punctuated—coincided with the initial consolidation of European imperial dominance and the emergence of Europe's modern global empires.Though these changes in the realm of law date from the nineteenth century, the European presence there had long preceded them. This was perhaps most notable in maritime Asia. The Europeans in this region tended to cluster in their factories or in certain quarters of the towns and cities dotting the Indian Ocean rim. Notwithstanding differences between, say, a Mocha and an Aceh in size, location, and form of government, all these settlements had one quality in common: each was able to profit from the traffic conducted along the coast or across the high seas. As for the sovereign justice on offer, the dispensation that governed it in early modern times was far removed from its later analogue. This stemmed in large part from the rationale and basis for the European presence. In particular, Europeans could not dominate maritime Asia's provincial and imperial powers, especially those located inland, and the great majority of those arriving from western Europe intended to return as soon as possible; despite some involvement in racketeering and other forms of surplus extraction—famously in attempts to introduce and enforce a system of passports in maritime transport and travel—their interests were mainly commercial, oriented towards trade and shipping; the indigenous populations remained on the whole large and resilient; and many of the skills and techniques vested in livelihoods long associated with the region retained their primacy. As a result, the only realistic option for Europeans in maritime Asia was to reconcile themselves to the prevailing order. And this they did, with most of the region's fundamentals, not least in the realm of law, continuing to develop along what were essentially indigenous lines.

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Chaban, Dariia. "Major Concepts of the Turkey Blue Homeland Strategy." Mediaforum : Analytics, Forecasts, Information Management, no. 12 (July 21, 2023): 126–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.31861/mediaforum.2023.12.126-144.

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The article analyses the key directions of Turkey’s foreign policy under the presidency of Recep Tayyip Erdogan. It examines concepts such as “ba-lance” in relations with the Middle East and the West, which Turkey is trying to achieve through the development of its economy and international trade. The article also focuses on the concept of “security in the East”, which reflects Turkey’s focus on security concerns from terrorist groups on its border with Syria and Iraq. Researchers on this topic also note the strategy of the “new Ottoman space”, which reflects Turkey’s intentions to increase its influence on the countries of the Balkans and the Caucasus. The article analyses the concept of “active diplomacy”, which consists in establishing diplomatic ties with new states, as well as developing and deepe-ning relations with countries that already have diplomatic ties with Turkey. In addition, the article focuses on the concept of “neighbourhood policy”, which reflects Turkey’s commitment to maintaining peace and stability in the region. The article also examines Turkey’s role in international organisations, such as NATO and the UN, and its “economic diplomacy” strategy, which reflects Turkey’s intention to attract foreign investment and develop trade relations with other countries. The Blue Homeland Strategy encompasses a number of policies and initiatives, including expanding Turkey’s naval capabilities, improving coordination between the various branches of the military, strengthening relations with allied countries, and promoting economic development in the maritime sector. The strategy emphasises the importance of diplomacy and legal initiatives to protect Turkey’s maritime rights in accordance with international law. “The Blue Homeland is seen as a comprehensive approach to addressing Turkey’s maritime security challenges and protecting its national interests. In addition, the Blue Homeland strategy also plays an important role in achie-ving Turkey’s broader foreign policy goals. The article provides an in-depth analysis of the main directions and concepts of Turkey’s foreign policy strategy, which helps to understand the complexity and importance of this country’s foreign policy activities in the modern world.

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Anwar, Dewi Fortuna. "Indonesia and the ASEAN outlook on the Indo-Pacific." International Affairs 96, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 111–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ia/iiz223.

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Abstract Indonesia has taken a leadership role within the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) in drafting a common outlook on the Indo-Pacific concept. The widening of Indonesia's geostrategic canvas from the Asia–Pacific to the Indo-Pacific is in line with President Joko Widodo's intent to make Indonesia a Global Maritime Fulcrum (GMF). In view of the rivalry between the US and China and the emergence of various Indo-Pacific initiatives from other countries, Indonesia believes that ASEAN must try to maintain its centrality. The draft of Indonesia's perspective for an ASEAN outlook on the Indo-Pacific: towards a peaceful, prosperous, and inclusive region was submitted for considerations by ASEAN, and after 18 months of intensive lobbying by Indonesia the concept was finally adopted at the ASEAN Summit in June 2019. The ASEAN outlook promotes the principles of openness, inclusiveness, transparency, respect for international law and ASEAN centrality in the Indo-Pacific region. It proposes a building-block approach, seeking commonalities between existing regional initiatives in which ASEAN-led mechanisms will act as a fulcrum for both norm-setting and concrete cooperation. Rather than creating a new regional architecture, the East Asia Summit (EAS) is proposed as the platform for advancing the Indo-Pacific discourse and cooperation. Indonesia's ASEAN outlook on the Indo-Pacific marks its renewed foreign policy activism as a middle power and underlines the continuing importance that Indonesia places on ASEAN as the cornerstone of its foreign policy, emphasising ASEAN's centrality as the primary vehicle for managing relations with the major powers in the Indo-Pacific region.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Maritime law, middle east"

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Marafia, A.-Hamid. "Radiative cooling potential in maritime desert regions with reference to Qatar." Thesis, University of Hertfordshire, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.245452.

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Orzeck, Reecia. "On the Palestinian question A critique of international law." Related electronic resource: Current Research at SU : database of SU dissertations, recent titles available full text, 2007. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/syr/main.

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Dumlao, Roberto C. "China's maritime silk road to oil : influence in the Middle East through naval modernization." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2005. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/05Jun%5FDumlao.pdf.

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Elliot, Matthew. "The modernisation of male headgear in the inter-war Middle East." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.299623.

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King, Michael G. "Modern piracy and regional security cooperation in the maritime domain the Middle East and Southeast Asia /." Thesis, Monterey, California : Naval Postgraduate School, 2010. http://edocs.nps.edu/npspubs/scholarly/theses/2010/Mar/10Mar%5FKing.pdf.

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Thesis (M.A. in Security Studies (Middle East, South Asia, Sub-Saharan Africa))--Naval Postgraduate School, March 2010.
Thesis Advisor(s): Dahl, Erik J. Second Reader: Moran, Daniel J. "March 2010." Description based on title screen as viewed on April 28, 2010. Author(s) subject terms: Piracy, Maritime Security, Regional Security Cooperation, Cooperative Security, Middle East, Southeast Asia, Gulf of Aden, Straits of Malacca, Maritime Capacity. Includes bibliographical references (p. 103-116). Also available in print.

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Bin, Shabib Rashed Ahmed. "Tortious liability in the Sharia and modern Middle East law with particular reference to UAE law." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.414296.

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Wolpe, Camille L. "State-building, Systemic Shocks and Family Law in the Middle East and North Africa." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2012. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/political_science_theses/50.

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Family law regulates the formation of marriage, divorce, marital property rights, child custody, inheritance, and spousal duties. This study aims to demonstrate how family law formation in the Middle East and North Africa reflects the struggle among social and political forces to capture the state and assert authority. The balance of power between competing social forces impacts both the timing (short-term versus long-term struggle) and type (progressive or regressive) of family law after independence. The ability of one of two competing forces, broadly categorized as traditionalist versus modernist, to capture the state is necessary for codification and is predictive of family law content. Case studies reveal that systemic shocks (e.g. revolution, social unrest, or foreign intervention) tip the balance of power in favor of traditional or modernizing forces in the post-independence state-building process and facilitate the successful consolidation of power and the codification of family law.

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Pittman, Alexandra. "Transforming Constraint: Transnational Feminist Movement Building in the Middle East and North Africa." Thesis, Boston College, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/2220.

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Thesis advisor: Ali Banuazizi
Thesis advisor: Sarah Babb
This dissertation focuses on the intersection of global and indigenous advocacy strategies in feminist women’s movements in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA). I explore strategies of resistance and innovation in three contexts: (1) Globally, I analyze a sample of MENA NGOs in a transnational women’s rights network, Women’s Learning Partnership (WLP) and their interactions in the international funding sphere; (2) Domestically, I examine a local Moroccan NGO’s strategy development process and their domestic and regional partnerships when organizing to reform the Moudawana (1999-2004); and (3) Regionally, I analyze inter-organizational collaboration and coalition building between three NGOs in the Campaign to Reform Arab Women’s Nationality (2001-2008). I locate the dissertation in a feminist activist framework and draw from diverse data sources, including years of fieldwork with WLP (2004-2008); participant observation and notes from five transnational women’s rights meetings (2005-2008); a content analysis of a sample of international funders’ and MENA feminist NGOs’ websites; and two in-depth case studies with data derived from historical analysis, three months of fieldwork in Morocco, interviews with Moroccan, Lebanese, and regional activists, and secondary document analysis. The findings provide deeper clarity into the strategic action of MENA feminist movements and the variety of social, political, and economic forces that shape their discourses and practices for achieving social change and gender equality. The findings contribute to the scholarly literature on transnational feminism and social movements and its intersection with the law
Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2009
Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: Sociology
Discipline: Psychology

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Su, Wei. "Maritime boundary problems betweeen China and Japan and between China and South Korea in the Yellow and the East China Seas : an analysis in the light of international law relating to maritime delimitation." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.271836.

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Bouhamdan, Tyra Murielle. "Religion, the Law and the Human Rights of Women in the Middle East: A Quantitative Analysis." Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia State University, 2009. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/political_science_theses/31/.

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Thesis (M.A.)--Georgia State University, 2009.
Title from title page (Digital Archive@GSU, viewed July 20, 2010) Michael Herb, committee chair; Jelena Subotic, Scott Graves, committee members. Includes bibliographical references.

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Books on the topic "Maritime law, middle east"

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El-Sayed, Hussein M. Maritime regulations in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. London: Graham & Trotman, 1987.

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Ghosh, Sekhar. Law of the territorial sea: Evolution and development. Calcutta: Naya Prokash, 1988.

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Anna, Petrig, ed. Piracy and armed robbery at sea: The legal framework for counter-piracy operations in Somalia and the Gulf of Aden. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2011.

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K, Biswas Asit, United Nations University, International Water Resources Association, Sasakawa Heiwa Zaidan, United Nations Environment Programme, and Middle East Water Forum (1993 : Cairo, Egypt), eds. International waters of the Middle East: From Euphrates-Tigris to Nile. Bombay: Oxford University Press, 1994.

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Blanchard, Jean-Marc F., ed. China’s Maritime Silk Road Initiative, Africa, and the Middle East. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-4013-8.

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Prescott, J. R. V. Maritime jurisdiction in East Asian seas. Honolulu, Hawaii (1777 East-West Rd., Honolulu 96848): East-West Environment and Policy Institute, 1987.

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Valencia, Mark J. A maritime regime for north-east Asia. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1996.

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Hilary, Lewis Ruttley, Mallat Chibli, and Blezard Natalie, eds. Commercial law in the Middle East. London: Graham & Trotman, 1995.

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Lebanon. Business laws of the Middle East. The Hague: Kluwer Law International, 2001.

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Layish, Aharon. Islamic law in the contemporary Middle East. London: Centre of Near & Middle Eastern Studies, School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London, 1989.

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Book chapters on the topic "Maritime law, middle east"

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Yiallourides, Constantinos. "The East China Sea maritime delimitation dispute." In Maritime Disputes and International Law, 92–143. Abingdon, Oxon [UK]; New York, NY: Routledge, 2019.: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781351240536-4.

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Hadad, Dina. "International Law in the Middle East." In Teaching International Law, 217–28. London: Routledge, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003429265-20.

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Yan, Yan. "Maritime confidence-building measures." In Maritime Order and the Law in East Asia, 171–90. Abingdon, Oxon [UK] ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2018.: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203710555-14.

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Schofield, Clive. "An incomplete maritime map." In Law of the Sea in South East Asia, 33–62. New York, NY : Routledge, 2019.: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429021053-3.

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Rothwell, Donald R. "Maritime claims in South East Asia." In Law of the Sea in South East Asia, 16–32. New York, NY : Routledge, 2019.: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429021053-2.

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Letts, David. "Maritime security in South East Asia." In Law of the Sea in South East Asia, 63–79. New York, NY : Routledge, 2019.: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429021053-4.

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Migunova, Tatiana, Tatiana Mineeva, and Ekaterina Bakulina. "The Maritime Law in the Middle Ages." In International Scientific Siberian Transport Forum TransSiberia - 2021, 939–47. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-96383-5_104.

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Drifte, Reinhard. "The East China Sea." In Maritime Order and the Law in East Asia, 32–49. Abingdon, Oxon [UK] ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2018.: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203710555-4.

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Yiallourides, Constantinos. "Beyond delimitation questions in the East China Sea and the Aegean." In Maritime Disputes and International Law, 211–43. Abingdon, Oxon [UK]; New York, NY: Routledge, 2019.: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781351240536-7.

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Blanke, Gordon. "Liquidated damages in the Middle East." In Construction Law in the 21st Century, 181–97. London: Informa Law from Routledge, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781032663975-16.

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Conference papers on the topic "Maritime law, middle east"

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Jin, Fu, Wang Xi, Ding Mingming, Yang Guobin, Zhang Shunyuan, Liu Bingshan, and Chen Chen. "Research on Construction and Operation Parameters of an Underground Oil Storage in Depleted Salt Caverns in the East of China." In SPE Europec featured at 82nd EAGE Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/205167-ms.

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Abstract The crude oil price has been keeping at a low level in recent years, which made China's government put more efforts in the development of underground oil storages in depleted salt caverns. Under the initiative of "the Belt and Road", a more concrete concept which is "the Silk Road Economic Belt and the 21st-Century Maritime Silk Road" successfully connects Jiangsu Province in the east of China. Consisting of 20 depleted caverns, Huai'an project that is still under planning is one of the most successful examples that turn depleted salt caverns into underground crude oil storages in China. Each cavern takes up 24×104m3, while the project totally takes up 480×104m3. TDMA algorithm was adopted to solve the heat exchange model of oil, brine and surrounding rocks, revealing the relationship between temperature and cavern pressure. Salt rock safety factor, salt cavern shrinkage ratio, axial stress and ground subsidence were taken into consideration to establish a 3-dimension salt rock creep model for 19 depleted salt caverns, so that the caverns’ shapes were optimized. Hydrodynamics models were used to determine the oil's flow rate into and out of a 1000m deep cavern whose thermal field was simulated by software to reveal the temperature limit of oil and brine. Due to geothermal gradient and continuous heat transmission, the average temperature of oil and brine goes up from 35°C to 44.3°C within 7 years, while the inner pressure goes up from 12.96MPa to 21.93MPa in a depleted salt cavern. Salt creep ratio decreases as oil is stored in underground caverns for a longer period. Salt is hardly penetrated by oil, while the temperature change has a strong influence on caverns’ internal pressure. The thermal expansion factor and compressibility coefficient of crude oil and brine are both crucial to the temperature's effect on internal pressure. Caverns that have larger segments in their upper-middle or middle parts are more stable and resistant to salt creep than those that have larger segments in their lower parts. When oil is injected or pumped out, it is necessary to make the internal pressure lower than the static pressure of surrounding rocks. Hence, the most appropriate flow rate of crude oil is 4.5m/s. Crude oil that is stored in deep salt caverns may be heated up to 60°C due to the geothermal gradient, but the flammable gas in oil is rapidly gasified or even explodes when it is pumped out to the surface. To avoid accidents and air pollution, oil is cooled down before being delivered via pipelines. Oil tanks used to be applied by scale in China, however they are too obvious on the ground to comply with national strategic energy safety. Compared with oil tanks of similar volumes, the Huai'an underground oil storages may save the overall cost by 35.3%. It is the first time that the salt rock creep model is established in depleted salt caverns, while the conclusion overthrew the common preference of regular cylindrical caverns.

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Park, Jeong-Yeol, and Myung-Hyun Kim. "A Comparison of Fracture Toughness and Fatigue Crack Propagation Characteristics of High Manganese and Nickel Steels." In ASME 2018 37th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2018-77247.

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Recently, demands for liquefied natural gas (LNG) are increased by developing countries such as China, India and Middle East area. In addition, the International Maritime Organization (IMO) reinforced regulations to avoid the serious environmental pollution. This trend has led to manufacturing and operating various LNG vessels such as liquefied natural gas carrier (LNGC), floating liquefied natural gas (FLNG) and very large gas carrier (VLGC). In the design of LNG vessels, the structural integrity of LNG storage tank is of significant importance to satisfy the service conditions. In order to secure structural integrity, LNG storage tank is fabricated with low temperature materials. In general, low temperature materials such as SUS304L, Invar alloy, Al 5083-O, nickel alloy steel and high manganese steel exhibit excellent fatigue and fracture performances at cryogenic temperature. In particular, high manganese steel has attracted interest because they are potentially less expensive than the competing other low temperature materials. This study compares the fracture toughness and fatigue crack growth characteristics of high manganese steel with those of nickel steels. In addition, fracture toughness and fatigue crack growth rate tests for various nickel steels are conducted according to BS 7448 and ASTM E647, respectively. In order to obtain less conservative design values, the results of high manganese steel and various nickel steels were compared to those of BS7910. As a result, the CTOD value of high manganese steel is higher than that of 9% nickel steel at cryogenic temperature. In case of FCGR, the high manganese steel and 9% nickel steel are found to be similar to each other.

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Auton, Graeme. "NATIONALISM, POPULISM, REALISM AND THE INTENSIFICATION OF EAST ASIA'S MARITIME DISPUTES." In 3rd Law & Political Science Conference, Lisbon. International Institute of Social and Economic Sciences, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.20472/lpc.2018.003.001.

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He, Xupeng, Marwa Alsinan, Hyung Kwak, and Hussein Hoteit. "An Accurate Cubic Law for the Upscaling of Discrete Natural Fractures." In SPE Middle East Oil & Gas Show and Conference. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/204906-ms.

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Abstract Modeling fluid flow in fractured reservoirs requires an accurate evaluation of the hydraulic properties of discrete fractures. Full Navier-Stokes simulations provide an accurate approximation of the flow within fractures, including fracture upscaling. However, its excessive computational cost makes it impractical. The traditionally used cubic law (CL) is known to overshoot the fracture hydraulic properties significantly. In this work, we propose an alternative method based on the cubic law. We first develop geometric rules based on the fracture topography data, by which we subdivide the fracture into segments and local cells. We then modify the aperture field by incorporating the effects of flow direction, flow tortuosity, normal aperture, and local roughness. The approach is applicable for fractures in 2D and 3D spaces. This paper presented almost all existing CL-based models in the literature, which include more than twenty models. We benchmarked all these models, including our proposed model, for thousands of fracture cases. High-resolution simulations solving the full-physics Navier-Stokes (NS) equations were used to compute the reference solutions. We highlight the behavior of accuracy and limitations of all tested models as a function of fracture geometric characteristics, such as roughness. The obtained accuracy of the proposed model showed the highest for more than 2000 fracture cases with a wide range of tortuosity, roughness, and mechanical aperture variations. None of the existing methods in the literature provide this level of accuracy and applicability. The proposed model retains the simplicity and efficiency of the cubic law and can be easily implemented in workflows for reservoir characterization and modeling.

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Kenawy, F. A., and M. E. Kandil. "A Challenge to Meet Environmental Law Number-4, A Comparative Evaluation Between Water-Treating Modified Systems and Other Available Oil - Water Separation Techniques." In Middle East Oil Show and Conference. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/53131-ms.

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Erge, O., S. Akin, and I. H. Gucuyener. "Accurate Modeling of Surge and Swab Pressures of Yield Power Law Fluids in Concentric Annuli." In SPE/IADC Middle East Drilling Technology Conference and Exhibition. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/189304-ms.

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Nosar, Thad, Pooya Khodaparast, Wei Zhang, and Amin Mehrabian. "Scaling Formulae for the Wellbore Hydraulics Similitude with Drill Pipe Rotation and Eccentricity." In SPE Middle East Oil & Gas Show and Conference. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/204637-ms.

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Abstract Equivalent circulation density of the fluid circulation system in drilling rigs is determined by the frictional pressure losses in the wellbore annulus. Flow loop experiments are commonly used to simulate the annular wellbore hydraulics in the laboratory. However, proper scaling of the experiment design parameters including the drill pipe rotation and eccentricity has been a weak link in the literature. Our study uses the similarity laws and dimensional analysis to obtain a complete set of scaling formulae that would relate the pressure loss gradients of annular flows at the laboratory and wellbore scales while considering the effects of inner pipe rotation and eccentricity. Dimensional analysis is conducted for commonly encountered types of drilling fluid rheology, namely, Newtonian, power-law, and yield power-law. Appropriate dimensionless groups of the involved variables are developed to characterize fluid flow in an eccentric annulus with a rotating inner pipe. Characteristic shear strain rate at the pipe walls is obtained from the characteristic velocity and length scale of the considered annular flow. The relation between lab-scale and wellbore scale variables are obtained by imposing the geometric, kinematic, and dynamic similarities between the laboratory flow loop and wellbore annular flows. The outcomes of the considered scaling scheme is expressed in terms of closed-form formulae that would determine the flow rate and inner pipe rotation speed of the laboratory experiments in terms of the wellbore flow rate and drill pipe rotation speed, as well as other parameters of the problem, in such a way that the resulting Fanning friction factors of the laboratory and wellbore-scale annular flows become identical. Findings suggest that the appropriate value for lab flow rate and pipe rotation speed are linearly related to those of the field condition for all fluid types. The length ratio, density ratio, consistency index ratio, and power index determine the proportionality constant. Attaining complete similarity between the similitude and wellbore-scale annular flow may require the fluid rheology of the lab experiments to be different from the drilling fluid. The expressions of lab flow rate and rotational speed for the yield power-law fluid are identical to those of the power-law fluid case, provided that the yield stress of the lab fluid is constrained to a proper value.

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Barhoumi, H., S. Ben Abdessalem, and S. Marzougui. "Assessment of the accuracy of Laplace's law in predicting interface pressure generated by compressive garment used for medical applications." In 2018 IEEE 4th Middle East Conference on Biomedical Engineering (MECBME). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mecbme.2018.8402418.

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He, Xupeng, Zhen Zhang, Marwa AlSinan, Hyung Kwak, and Hussein Hoteit. "Fully Coupled Hydromechanical Approach for Flow in Fractured Rocks Using Darcy-Brinkman-Biot." In Middle East Oil, Gas and Geosciences Show. SPE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/213326-ms.

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Abstract Coupling flow with geomechanical processes at the pore scale in fractured rocks is essential in understanding the macroscopic fluid flow processes of interest, such as geothermal energy extraction, CO2 sequestration, and hydrocarbon production from naturally and hydraulically fractured reservoirs. To investigate the microscopic (pore-scale) phenomena, we present a fully coupled mathematical formulation of fluid flow and geomechanical deformation to model the fluid flow in fractured rocks. In this work, we employ a Darcy-Brinkman-Biot approach to describe the fully coupled flow and geomechanical processes in fractured rocks at the pore scale. Darcy-Brinkman-Stokes (DBS) model is used to model multi-scale flow in the fractured rocks, in which fracture flow is described by Navier-Stokes equations and flow in the surrounding matrix is modeled by Darcy's law. With this approach, a unified conservation equation for flow in both media (fracture and matrix) is applied. We then apply Biot's poroelasticity theory and Terzaghi's effective stress theory to capture the geomechanical deformation. The continuity of the fluid pressure is imposed to connect the DBS equation and the stress-seepage equation. This coupled model is employed to determine the permeability within the microfracture. Numerical results show that this coupled approach can capture the permeability under the effects of solid deformation and multi-scale formation. We develop a fully coupled model to capture the pore-scale flow-geomechanically process in fractured rocks. To our knowledge, the fully coupled framework is developed and applied to characterize fracture permeability at the pore scale in fractured rocks for the first time.

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Valkhof, Henk V., Eduardo Minguito, and Klaas Kooiker. "New Promising Generation of Twin-Gondola LNG Carriers Optimized with the Aid of CFD Calculations." In SNAME Maritime Convention. SNAME, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/smc-2005-d33.

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As natural gas is becoming an important energy source, a large fleet is needed to transport it in liquefied form across the oceans in specially designed LNG carriers from mainly the Middle East towards the Far East. During the overall design process of such a vessel the shape of the hull form and its propulsors play an important role from a hydrodynamic point of view. This paper describes the design of a twin-gondola LNG carrier for Navantia. The twingondola aft body has proven to be an adequate design concept, but due to the complexity of the flow around the aft body the design should be carried out with great care. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) tools are extremely valuable in the hydrodynamic optimization process of the hull. In this design both potential flow codes and viscous flow codes have been used to obtain the optimum hull form. With the results of the PARNASSOS viscous flow calculations it was possible to make decisions with regard to the horizontal angle and the inclination of the gondolas, and the slope of the buttocks in the area between the gondolas. Special attention has been paid to avoid flow separation around the aft body. The gondolas have been oriented in such a way that maximum efficiency is achieved. The performance of the resulting design has been verified by model tests in MARIN’s Deep Water Towing Tank. Given the very promising results of this new generation of LNG carriers, achieving besides the excellent propulsive properties also a higher payload target, the yard became more competitive and is expecting quite some orders for this particular ship type.

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Reports on the topic "Maritime law, middle east"

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Einhorn, Robert, Dina Esfandiary, Anton Khlopkov, Grégoire Mallard, and Andreas Persbo. From the Iran nuclear deal to a Middle East Zone? Lessons from the JCPOA for the ME WMDFZ. Edited by Chen Zak and Farzan Sabet. The United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research, May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37559/wmdfz/2021/jcpoa1.

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The Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) explicitly states that it “should not be considered as setting precedents for any other state or for fundamental principles of international law.” However, its unique negotiations process, provisions, and implementation created an important set of tools that could provide valuable insights and lessons for a Middle East Weapons of mass Destruction Free Zone (ME WMDFZ). Understanding these tools in a regional context based on the JCPOA experience could provide ME WMDFZ negotiators and researchers important additional tools, ideas, and lessons learned on the road toward negotiating a Zone treaty. This series explores lessons from the JCPOA for the ME WMDFZ through essays focusing on five key themes, including the Iran nuclear deal’s negotiating process, structure and format; nuclear fuel cycle activities and research; safeguards and verification; nuclear cooperation; and compliance and enforcement.

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Michel, Bob, and Tatiana Falcão. Taxing Profits from International Maritime Shipping in Africa: Past, Present and Future of UN Model Article 8 (Alternative B). Institute of Development Studies (IDS), November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ictd.2021.023.

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International maritime shipping is an essential part of global business. Since the establishment of the current international tax regime in the 1920s, there has been a consensus that profits generated by this business are taxable only in the residence state –the state where the shipowners are located. Source states – the port states where business physically takes place – are generally expected to exempt income from international shipping. This standard is currently reflected in Article 8 of the OECD Model and Article 8 (Alternative A) of the UN Model, and is incorporated in the vast majority of bilateral tax treaties currently in force. Exclusive residence state taxation of shipping profits is problematic when the size of mercantile fleets and shipping flows between two states are of unequal size. This is often the case in relations between a developed and developing country. The latter often lack a substantial domestic mercantile fleet, but serve as an important revenue-generating port state for the fleet of the developed country. To come to a more balanced allocation of taxing rights in such a case, a source taxation alternative has been inserted in UN Model Article 8 (Alternative B). From its inception, Article 8B has been labelled impractical due to the lack of guidance on core issues, like sourcing rules and profit allocation. This gap is said to explain the low adoption rate of Article 8B in global tax treaty practice. In reality, tax treaty practice regarding Article 8B is heavily concentrated and flourishing in a handful of countries in South/South-East Asia – Bangladesh, India, Indonesia, Myanmar, Pakistan, the Philippines, Sri Lanka and Thailand. All these countries subject non-resident shipping income to tax in their domestic income tax laws. Except for India, all countries are able to exercise these domestic tax law rules in relation to shipping enterprises located in the biggest shipowner states, either because they have a treaty in place that provides for source taxation or because there is no treaty at all and thus no restriction of domestic law. None of the relevant tax treaties contain a provision that incorporates the exact wording of Article 8B of the UN Model. If other countries, like coastal countries in sub-Saharan Africa, are looking to implement source taxation of maritime shipping income in the future, they are advised to draw on the South/South-East Asian experience. Best practice can be distilled regarding sourcing rule, source tax limitation, profit attribution and method of taxation (on gross or net basis). In addition to technical guidance on tax, the South/South-East Asian experience also provides important general policy considerations countries should take into account when determining whether source taxation of maritime shipping profits is an appropriate target for their future tax treaty negotiations.

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Almorjan, Dr Abdulrazaq, Dr Kyounggon Kim, and Ms Norah Alilwit. NAUSS Ransomware Trends Report in Arab Countries 2020-2022. Naif University Press, January 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.26735/orro4624.

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Threat actors, including infamous cybercrime groups and financially driven ransomware gangs, have focused on Arab countries› businesses and organizations as they grow and move toward digital transformation. In particular, ransomware is a very serious type of cyber-attack worldwide, and many organizations are severely affected by it. INTERPOL indicates that the ransomware gangs are targeting different regions such as Africa, Americas, Caribbean, Asia-Pacific, Europe, Middle East, and North Africa 1. The Center of Excellence in Cybercrime and Digital Forensics (CoECDF) at NAUSS has conducted a deep web search, collecting, analyzing, and classifying data on ransomware gangs targeting Arab countries and organizations from 2020 to 2022. We have collected the information of ransomware victims through the darknet and dark web, focusing on leaked information. This report focuses on the Arab countries, organizations, and sectors victimized by ransomware gangs and whose information has been leaked on the darknet. Moreover, it investigated ransomware gangs that carried out cyberattacks against Arab countries, and the tactics, techniques, and procedures (TTPs) they were using. The number of organizations that are attacked by ransomware gangs is increasing significantly. Some organizations pay ransom to ransomware gangs in order not to publish their information on the darknet. As a result of not paying the ransom demanded by the ransomware gangs, certain organizations and countries had their private and sensitive data leaked to the dark web. The purpose of this report is to help law enforcement agencies combat ransomware cyberattacks by providing them with insights into the evolving tactics of ransomware gangs. By understanding how these gangs operate, law enforcement agencies can better prepare to combat and respond to ransomware attacks.

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Boustati, Boustati. Narcotics Flows Through Eastern Africa: the Changing Role of Tanzania and Mozambique. Institute of Development Studies, March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.074.

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In the last few decades, the southern route’s use for drug trafficking gained prominence as increased law enforcement and unrest in the Middle East made the traditional ‘Balkan route’ less viable. This southern route transports drugs, mainly heroin, from its production in Afghanistan to Pakistan or Iran, to eastern Africa – including Tanzania and Mozambique- and consequently to South Africa, after which it is moved to Europe (Aucoin, 2018; Otto & Jernberg, 2020). Notable targets of trafficking via the southern route have been the United Kingdom, Belgium, and the Netherlands (UNDOC, 2015). It is difficult to know for certain the quantities of drugs being trafficked through eastern Africa, but the literature puts it at up to 40 tonnes, with 5 of those staying behind, while the rest is transported overseas (Haysom et al., 2018a, 2018b). Due to various political and economic shifts, methamphetamines produced in Afghanistan recently also began to be trafficked alongside heroin shipments through the southern route, with recent estimates putting it at 50% of drugs being trafficked (Eligh, 2021). Most of the literature agrees that, in recent years, drug trafficking routes in eastern Africa have shifted due to political changes, but there is no evidence to suggest that the amount being trafficked have decreased.

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Bolton, Laura. Synthesis of Work by the Covid Collective. Institute of Development Studies, March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/cc.2022.001.

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Overview: This report looked across Covid Collective outputs and grouped findings into three sections. Section 2) Pandemic response; Section 3) Increased marginalisation; and Section 4) Emergent outcomes. Section 4 describes outcomes, both positive and negative, which evolved and were more unpredictable in nature. Pandemic response: Findings on national response highlight shortfalls in national government actions in Bangladesh, Malawi, the Philippines, Yemen, and Syria. Emergency law responses have, in some cases, led states to exert powers with no legal basis. In transitioning economies, state militarisation is having negative effects on constitutionalism and peacebuilding. Lack of trust in state security institutions is identified as an issue in Yemen. Improved consultation between the community, government and security institutions is needed. From a micro perspective, lockdowns were found to hit households close to subsistence the hardest bringing restrictions in to question with regards to welfare choices. Regional responses had different features (outlined in section 2). It is suggested for future research to look at how regional responses have changed interactions between regional and global organisations. The Islamic Development Bank, for example, helped function as a redistribution pool to improve inequalities between country capacities in the Middle East. The Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) supported accurate information reporting. International response with regard to vaccination is falling short in terms of equality between developed and developing economies. World Bank response is questioned for being insufficient in quantity and inefficient in delivery.

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