To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Maritime law, pacific regions.
Journal articles on the topic 'Maritime law, pacific regions'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Maritime law, pacific regions.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Towadi, Mellisa, and Julius T. Mandjo. "Tomini Gulf Maritime Axis in International Law Review." Journal of Indonesian Legal Studies 6, no. 2 (2021): 389–410. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/jils.v6i2.49667.
Full textAbstract:
This article is based on the concept of a maritime axis based on several issue points in the Tomini Gulf area, researched to map issues based on a review of International Law. The article focuses on the existing conditions of the tomini bay area in its management and protection but at the level of the maritime sector that is related to the issue of security defense of the gulf tomini waters. Based on normative juridical methods, the article explains that the gulf of tomini which is semi-enclosed water, still requires significant support from the executive elements, especially in terms of regional cooperation and international cooperation in the fields of economy, defence and security. This is concerned with the territorial and EEZ regions that simultaneously border the Pacific Ocean and the development of the Gulf of Tomini from the aspect of prosperity and security. Moreover, the state does not have to refer to only one international intrusion. However, maritime synergy is needed in all aspects of the tomini bay waters, be it from environmental, utilization and socio-cultural economy. Some specifically regulated international conventions need a more profound review to implement a targeted management system and definite legal protection at the regional level.
2
Raikwar, Aishwarya Singh, and Dr David T. Easow. "Convergence of India & Australia in the Indo-Pacific: Opportunities in Blue Economy & Maritime Tourism." YMER Digital 20, no. 12 (2021): 606–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.37896/ymer20.12/58.
Full textAbstract:
The region of Asia-Pacific became the fastest growing tourist destination in the world during the past decade. India’s position is critical for countries like Australia, Japan, and the United States. This piece aims to emphasize the importance of diplomacy in international relations and maritime tourism. Australia works in practical, long-term initiatives with regional partners, and India is one such partner. The evolving strategic engagement among India and Australia is the consequence of developments in Asia-Pacific geopolitics in the first decade of the 21st century. The continuing COVID-19 pandemic has severely affected both the economy and the tourism sector. In India and Australia, the Indo-Pacific region is increasingly viewed as a significant strategic arena. In various regions of the world, tourism is seen as a means of peace and stability. The author emphasizes the importance of cooperation and suggests measures for growth and development in the region through blue economy and maritime tourism.
3
Wu, Renguang, Zhiping Wen, and Zhuoqi He. "ENSO Contribution to Aerosol Variations over the Maritime Continent and the Western North Pacific during 2000–10." Journal of Climate 26, no. 17 (2013): 6541–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-12-00253.1.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract This study investigates interannual aerosol variations over the Maritime Continent and the western North Pacific Ocean and aerosol–cloud–precipitation relationship during the period 2000–10 based on monthly-mean anomalies. The local aerosol–cloud–precipitation relationship displays strong regional characteristics. The aerosol variation is negatively correlated with cloud and precipitation variation over the Maritime Continent, but is positively correlated with cloud and precipitation variation over the region southeast of Japan. Over broad subtropical oceanic regions, the aerosol variation is positively correlated with cloud variation, but has a weak correlation with precipitation variation. Aerosol variations over the Maritime Continent and over the region southeast of Japan display a biennial feature with an obvious phase lag of about 8 months in the latter region during 2001–07. This biennial feature is attributed to the impacts of El Niño events on aerosol variations in these regions through large-scale circulation and precipitation changes. Around October of El Niño–developing years, the suppressed precipitation over the Maritime Continent favors an aerosol increase by reducing the wet deposition and setting up dry conditions favorable for fire burning. During early summer of El Niño–decaying years, suppressed heating around the Philippines as a delayed response to El Niño warming induces an anomalous lower-level cyclone over the region to the southeast of Japan through an atmospheric teleconnection, leading to an accumulation of aerosol and increase of precipitation. The aerosol–precipitation relationship shows an obvious change with time over eastern China, leading to an overall weak correlation.
4
Chen, Xiong, Jian Ling, and Chongyin Li. "Evolution of the Madden–Julian Oscillation in Two Types of El Niño." Journal of Climate 29, no. 5 (2016): 1919–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-15-0486.1.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Evolution characteristics of the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) during the eastern Pacific (EP) and central Pacific (CP) types of El Niño have been investigated. MJO activities are strengthened over the western Pacific during the predeveloping and developing phases of EP El Niño, but suppressed during the mature and decaying phases. In contrast, MJO activities do not show a clear relationship with CP El Niño before their occurrence over the western Pacific, but they increase over the central Pacific during the mature and decaying phases of CP El Niño. Lag correlation analyses further confirm that MJO activities over the western Pacific in boreal spring and early summer are closely related to EP El Niño up to 2–11 months later, but not for CP El Niño. EP El Niño tends to weaken the MJO and lead to a much shorter range of its eastward propagation. Anomalous descending motions over the Maritime Continent and western Pacific related to El Niño can suppress convection and moisture flux convergence there and weaken MJO activities over these regions during the mature phase of both types of El Niño. MJO activities over the western Pacific are much weaker in EP El Niño due to the stronger anomalous descending motions. Furthermore, the MJO propagates more continuously and farther eastward during CP El Niño because of robust moisture convergence over the central Pacific, which provides adequate moisture for the development of MJO convection.
5
Sindy Maharani and Hasti Amrih Rejeki. "PENGARUH PROPAGASI MADDEN JULIAN OSCILLATION (MJO) DI BENUA MARITIM INDONESIA (BMI) TERHADAP SIKLUS DIURNAL DINAMIKA ATMOSFER DAN CURAH HUJAN DI PROVINSI LAMPUNG TAHUN 2018." Jurnal Sains & Teknologi Modifikasi Cuaca 22, no. 2 (2021): 71–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.29122/jstmc.v22i2.4528.
Full textAbstract:
Intisari Madden Julian Oscillation (MJO) merupakan osilasi gelombang submusiman di wilayah tropis yang berpropagasi ke arah timur dari Samudera Hindia melewati Benua Maritim Indonesia (BMI) hingga Samudera Pasifik. Propagasi MJO dapat meningkatkan konvektivitas dan curah hujan pada wilayah yang dilewatinya. Lampung merupakan salah satu wilayah di BMI bagian barat yang berbatasan dengan Samudera Hindia sebagai tempat awal kemunculan MJO. Posisi Lampung tersebut menyebabkan perbedaan insolasi antara daratan dan lautan secara diurnal sehingga siklus diurnal ikut berperan dalam pembentukan cuaca. Oleh karena itu penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh propagasi MJO dari Fase 3-5 pada tahun 2018 terhadap siklus diurnal dinamika atmosfer dan curah hujan di Lampung. Siklus diurnal dianalisis dengan membagi empat periode waktu yaitu dini hari (00.00-06.00 LT), pagi hari (06.00-12.00 LT), siang hari (12.00-18.00 LT) dan malam hari (18.00-00.00 LT). Berdasarkan rata-rata komposit data Reanalysis ECMWF, GSMaP, dan curah hujan observasi didapatkan bahwa selama penjalarannya MJO menguat ketika Fase 3-4 dan melemah ketika Fase 5. Secara diurnal konvektivitas yang kuat dan curah hujan tinggi terjadi di perairan pada dini hari hingga pagi hari, di daerah pesisir pada siang hari, dan di daratan pada malam hari yang meningkat dari Fase 3-4 dan melemah pada Fase 5. Hujan menjalar dari Lampung bagian barat menuju Lampung bagian tengah dengan jeda waktu selama 2-5 jam ketika Fase 3, 4-7 jam ketika Fase 4, dan 1-2 jam ketika Fase 5. Pada Fase 3-5 hujan terjadi di Lampung bagian timur dengan perbedaan waktu 1-3 jam dari Lampung bagian tengah. Abstract Madden Julian oscillation (MJO) is a sub-seasonal wave oscillation in the tropics that propagates eastward from the Indian Ocean through the Indonesian Maritime Continent (IMC) until the Pacific Ocean. MJO propagation can increase convective and rainfall in the regions it passes. Lampung is one of the regions in the western IMC which near the Indian Ocean for the MJO first appeared. The Lampung position causes different insolation between land and sea diurnally, so the diurnal cycles play an important role in weather formation. Therefore, this study aims to determine the effect of MJO propagation phases 3-5 in 2018 on the diurnal cycle of atmospheric dynamics and rainfall in Lampung. The diurnal cycle was analyzed by dividing four periods of time, in the early morning (00-06 LT), morning (06-12 LT), afternoon (12-18 LT), and night (18-00 LT). Based on the average composite of ECMWF, GSMaP, and precipitation observations data were obtained that propagation MJO strengthens during phase 3-4 and weakens during phase 5. Diurnal strong convective and high rainfall occur in the oceans from early morning to morning, in coastal during the day, and on land at night which increases from phase 3-4 and weakens in phase 5. Rain propagates from western Lampung to central Lampung with a time lag of 2-5 hours during phase 3, 4-7 hours when phases 4, and 1 -2 hours during phase 5. In the 3-5 phase, rain occurs in eastern Lampung with a time difference of 1-3 hours from central Lampung.
6
Scott, Karen N. "Maritime Law Enforcement in New Zealand." Korean Journal of International and Comparative Law 6, no. 2 (2018): 245–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134484-12340114.
Full text
7
Pertiwi, Sukmawani Bela. "Repositioning Indonesia in the Changing Maritime Landscape of the Indo-Pacific Region." Global: Jurnal Politik Internasional 22, no. 1 (2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.7454/global.v22i1.438.
Full textAbstract:
Indo-Pacific has been among the most contested regions in the past decade. After China demonstrated its ambitious goal in reviving maritime silk road with its military and economic presence, United States, India, Japan, and Australia formed a new coalition to counter this strategy. This paper aims to examine the position of Indonesia as a traditional regional maritime power in the context of this changing maritime landscape of the Indo-Pacific region. In doing so, this paper develops the concept of “the three faces of maritime power” which distinguishes maritime power into hard, soft, and normative maritime power. The findings of this paper indicates that Indonesia demonstrates less of its hard and soft power, but it capitalizes on its normative power to demonstrate its presence in the new maritime landscape of the Indo Pacific
8
Strating, Rebecca, Douglas Guilfoyle, Steven Ratuva, and Joanne Wallis. "Commentary: China in the Maritime Pacific." Marine Policy 141 (July 2022): 105092. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2022.105092.
Full text
9
Marsetio, Marsetio. "Indonesian Sea Power and Regional Maritime Security Challenges." Journal of Maritime Studies and National Integration 1, no. 1 (2017): 34–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jmsni.v1i1.1369.
Full textAbstract:
The main objective of this paper is to examine the regional maritime security challenges facing Indonesia. As it is known that entering to the 21st century has come a new term in regional architecture in the Asia-Pacific region, namely the Indo-Pacific region. This region consists of the Indian Ocean and Pacific. Both of these areas became more interconnected than in the previous period. These two regions became a single, significant system in the global order. Key players in the Indo-Pacific region are China, India and the United States. Of course, their actions have created new challenges in maritime security. These challenges include maritime disputes, pirates, and maritime power competition. The dispute in the South China Sea has spawned a security problem in the Asia Pacific region that Indonesia must face in the future.
10
Damayanti, Angel. "Indo-Pacific Maritime Cooperation: ASEAN Mechanisms on Security Towards Global Maritime Governance." Jurnal Global & Strategis 13, no. 1 (2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jgs.13.1.2019.1-44.
Full textAbstract:
The importance of the sea in the current era of globalization has called all countries for managing their interests at sea as well as their common concern collectively, cooperatively and inclusively. By looking at the notions of the sea as a medium of connectivity and sea as a resource coupled with its vulnerability particularly in Indian and Pacific Oceans, Indo-Pacific maritime cooperation towards global ocean governance accordingly are vital to the international stability, a successful of sea-based trading system and sustainability use of the oceans. Therefore this article discusses the rationale of Indo-Pacific Maritime Cooperation, which made possible by the common concern of countries that locate between the Indian and West Pacific ocean maritime, the vulnerabilities of the region and the existence of various ASEAN’s mechanisms on Maritime Security Cooperation as well as regional regime and international law. Nevertheless, ASEAN needs to note some issues relating to its consolidation as well as the internal challenges in the realization of global maritime governance.
11
Lindley, Jade. "Criminal Threats Undermining Indo-Pacific Maritime Security: Can International Law Build Resilience?" Journal of Asian Economic Integration 2, no. 2 (2020): 206–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2631684620940477.
Full textAbstract:
Maritime security in the Indo-Pacific region is strategically important to not only the surrounding states, but also those with an interest in its good governance, to support safe passage and natural resources extraction. Criminal threats, such as maritime piracy and illegal fishing, enabled by corruption and the potential for terrorism, undermine regional maritime security and therefore, there is incentive for states to respond cooperatively to secure the region. Drawing on broken windows crime theory, implicitly supporting the continuation of criminal threats within the region may enables exiting crimes to proliferate. With varying legal and political frameworks and interests across the Indo-Pacific region, achieving cooperation and harmonisation in response to regional maritime-based criminal threats can be challenging. As such, to respond to criminal threats that undermine maritime security, this article argues that from a criminological perspective, aligning states through existing international law enables cooperative regional responses. Indeed, given the prevalence of corruption within the region enabling serious criminal threats, harmonising through existing counter-corruption architecture may be a suitable platform to build from.
12
Hong, Nong. "Ocean Governance in the Asia-Pacific and the Arctic." Korean Journal of International and Comparative Law 8, no. 1 (2020): 59–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134484-12340131.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract This article summarizes and analyzes the main issues addressed at the 7th Asia-Pacific/Arctic Maritime Security Forum held in Halifax, Canada in Fall 2019. Experts attending this forum discussed issues such as a regional maritime security overview of the South China Sea, East China Sea, Indian Ocean and the Arctic, best practices of regional ocean governance models, maritime dispute settlement practices, maritime law enforcement, and marine environmental issues. A proposal was put forward on international cooperation with regard to maritime security, ocean governance and ocean capacity building.
13
Bergin, Anthony. "A new regional maritime confidence building measure: the Indo-Pacific Maritime Law Enforcement Centre." Australian Journal of Maritime & Ocean Affairs 13, no. 3 (2021): 150–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/18366503.2021.1894795.
Full text
14
Churchill, Robin. "Dispute Settlement in the Law of the Sea: Survey for 2018." International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law 34, no. 4 (2019): 539–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718085-23441112.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThis is the latest in a series of annual surveys in this Journal reviewing dispute settlement in the law of the sea, both under Part XV of the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea and outside the framework of the Convention. It covers developments during 2018. The most significant developments during the year were the judgment of the International Court of Justice in Costa Rica v. Nicaragua, delimiting the maritime boundaries between the two States’ overlapping maritime zones in both the Caribbean Sea and the Pacific Ocean; the report of the Conciliation Commission concerning maritime boundary arrangements between Timor-Leste and Australia; and the findings of a dispute settlement body of the South Pacific Regional Fisheries Management Organization.
15
Karim, Md Saiful. "Australia's engagement in the International Maritime Organisation for Indo-Pacific Maritime Security." Ocean & Coastal Management 185 (March 2020): 105032. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2019.105032.
Full text
16
Freestone, David, and Clive Schofield. "Pacific Islands Countries Declare Permanent Maritime Baselines, Limits and Boundaries." International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law 36, no. 4 (2021): 685–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718085-bja10071.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The Pacific Island countries are in the front line of adverse impacts from sea level rise. For the last decade the South Pacific Forum Members have been seeking ways to preserve their entitlements to their maritime zones and resources in the event of inundation of coasts and coastal features as a result of sea level rise. The issue was explored by the International Law Association in its 2018 Report and is being considered by a Study Group of the International Law Commission. This 2021 Declaration by the 18 Members of the South Pacific Forum purporting to fix permanently their maritime entitlements represents a major development in State practice for the region.
17
Kucienska, B., G. B. Raga, and R. Romero-Centeno. "High lightning activity in maritime clouds near Mexico." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 12, no. 17 (2012): 8055–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-8055-2012.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. Lightning activity detected by the World Wide Lightning Location Network (WWLLN) over oceanic regions adjacent to Mexico is often as high as that observed over the continent. In order to explore the possible causes of the observed high flash density over those regions, the relationships between lightning, rainfall, vertical hydrometeor profiles, latent heating, wind variability and aerosol optical depth are analyzed. The characteristics of lightning and precipitation over four oceanic zones adjacent to Mexican coastlines are contrasted against those over the continent. The number of flashes per rainfall over some coastal maritime regions is found to be higher than over the continent. The largest number of flashes per rainfall is observed during the biomass burning season. In addition, we compare two smaller areas of the Tropical Pacific Ocean: one located within the Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone and characterized by high rainfall and weak lightning activity and the other one influenced by a continental wind jet and characterized by high rainfall and strong lightning activity. During the rainy season, the monthly distribution of lightning within the region influenced by the continental wind jet is contrary to that of rainfall. Moreover, the monthly variability of lightning is very similar to the variability of the meridional wind component and it is also related to the variability of aerosol optical depth. The analysis suggests that the high lightning activity observed over coastal Pacific region is linked to the continental cloud condensation nuclei advected over the ocean. Analysis of daily observations indicates that the greatest lightning density is observed for moderate values of the aerosol optical depth, between 0.2 and 0.35.
18
Kraska, James. "The Law of the Sea Convention and the Northwest Passage." International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law 22, no. 2 (2007): 257–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157180807781361467.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractConcern over the loss of sea ice has renewed discussions over the legal status of the Arctic and sub-Arctic transcontinental maritime route connecting the Atlantic and the Pacific, referred to as the "Northwest Passage." Over the last thirty years, Canada has maintained that the waters of the Passage are some combination of internal waters or territorial seas. Applying the rules of international law, as reflected in the 1982 United Nations Law of the Sea Convention, suggests that the Passage is a strait used for international navigation. Expressing concerns over maritime safety and security, recognition of northern sovereignty, and protection of the fragile Arctic environment, Canada has sought to exercise greater authority over the Passage. This article suggests that Canada can best achieve widespread global support for managing its maritime Arctic by acknowledging that the passage constitutes an international strait and then working through the International Maritime Organization to develop a comprehensive package of internationally accepted regulations.
19
BHATTACHARYA, SUBHADEEP. "India’s evolving role as the ‘net security provider’ of the Indian Ocean region." Stosunki Międzynarodowe – International Relations 2 (May 31, 2022): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/stomiedintrelat.17487.1.
Full textAbstract:
The unveiling of the Indo-Pacific strategy by USA has clubbed the two separate worlds-The Pacific and the Indian Ocean region- together, mingling the geopolitics of the two regions. This is done in the context of the growing maritime role of China along with her growing naval potentials. On the other hand, India, considered an important partner of the Indo-Pacific geopolitics, is lately taking extra care about her maritime interests in her immediate maritime neighbourhood, the Indian Ocean region (IOR). This activeness can be credited to the ‘Chinese intrusion’ in the Indian maritime neighbourhood. The role of India as the ‘net security provider’ of the IOR is resurfacing in the strategic corridors of New Delhi in the context of India’s unveiling of the Security and Growth for All in the Region (SAGAR) mission and her growing active role in the bilateral as well as multilateral maritime relations. In this context it becomes imperative to analyse the character of India’s Indian Ocean policy in retrospect in order to construe India’s potentials and preferences in the current Indo-Pacific geopolitics where she is undoubtedly an important player. India has been playing the role of net security provider of the IOR for quite some time now. Initially taking a non-combative defensive approach to the issue throughout the 1960s, India gradually turned assertive in the 1980s to safeguard her interests in the maritime zone. India, who inherited the baton from the British, was in two minds over how to maintain the dominance. Shedding off defensive mood, she turned assertive later to safeguard her interest in the IOR against ‘external intrusion’. After the Cold War, India shifted to collaborative approach without compromising with her prime Indian Ocean policy motto to maintain her pre-eminence in the region.
20
BHATTACHARYA, SUBHADEEP. "India’s evolving role as the ‘net security provider’ of the Indian Ocean region." Stosunki Międzynarodowe – International Relations 2 (October 27, 2022): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/stomiedintrelat.17487.2.
Full textAbstract:
The unveiling of the Indo-Pacific strategy by USA has clubbed the two separate worlds-The Pacific and the Indian Ocean region- together, mingling the geopolitics of the two regions. This is done in the context of the growing maritime role of China along with her growing naval potentials. On the other hand, India, considered an important partner of the Indo-Pacific geopolitics, is lately taking extra care about her maritime interests in her immediate maritime neighbourhood, the Indian Ocean region (IOR). This activeness can be credited to the ‘Chinese intrusion’ in the Indian maritime neighbourhood. The role of India as the ‘net security provider’ of the IOR is resurfacing in the strategic corridors of New Delhi in the context of India’s unveiling of the Security and Growth for All in the Region (SAGAR) mission and her growing active role in the bilateral as well as multilateral maritime relations. In this context it becomes imperative to analyse the character of India’s Indian Ocean policy in retrospect in order to construe India’s potentials and preferences in the current Indo-Pacific geopolitics where she is undoubtedly an important player. India has been playing the role of net security provider of the IOR for quite some time now. Initially taking a non-combative defensive approach to the issue throughout the 1960s, India gradually turned assertive in the 1980s to safeguard her interests in the maritime zone. India, who inherited the baton from the British, was in two minds over how to maintain the dominance. Shedding off defensive mood, she turned assertive later to safeguard her interest in the IOR against ‘external intrusion’. After the Cold War, India shifted to collaborative approach without compromising with her prime Indian Ocean policy motto to maintain her pre-eminence in the region.
21
Bharti, Mukesh Shankar, Suprabha Kumari, and Sushant Shankar Bharti. "Indo-French Comprehensive Bilateral Cooperation: A Roadmap to Indo-Pacific Parks Partnership and Beyond." Economic and Regional Studies / Studia Ekonomiczne i Regionalne 15, no. 3 (2022): 284–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ers-2022-0020.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Subject and purpose of work: The purpose of this research is to the a ssess the Indo-French bilateral cooperation in the Indo-Pacific region. The study aims to identify the main areas of cooperation between India and France. This paper assesses a roadmap for the broader strategy for the „Indo-Pacific Parks Partnership”. Materials and methods: It uses the empirical approach to know to what extent the Indo-French cooperation achieves its goal. Further, this study answers the following research questions to test a hypothesis. What kind of bilateral partnerships are the two countries shaping for deeper comprehensive cooperation? Why is the Indo-Pacific the central part of the Indo-French partnerships? India and France strategically shifted their bilateral partnership towards the Pacific and Indian Ocean regions for deeper cooperation. Results: The bilateral partnership between India and France has been tremendously accelerating for the last decade. Both the countries are better attuned in the context of Maritime Security and trade cooperation in the Indo-Pacific region. Conclusions: The article concludes that India and France need a deeper partnership in the Indo- Pacific region to accelerate trade and business in the maritime domain.
22
Polónia, Amélia, Ana Sofia Ribeiro, and Daniel Lange. "Connected oceans: New pathways in maritime history." International Journal of Maritime History 29, no. 1 (2017): 90–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0843871416679108.
Full textAbstract:
The Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific Oceans and the Mediterranean Sea are no longer studied as distinct oceanic regions but interrogated as variegated worlds, interconnected in multiple ways. This Forum explores the various ways in which maritime history has been dealing with this trend. It shows how the notion of oceans as interactive spaces requires maritime historians to look beyond the shoreline by placing the interconnectedness of sea and land at the centre of their analysis. Focusing on littorals and port cities, the five papers in this Forum investigate the sea as zone of cultural encounter and vehicle of social and economic exchanges, and thereby illustrate how oceans connected people and ideas across the globe.
23
Mohammad Tehseen. "Sino-US Competition: Implications for South Asia and the Asia-Pacific." Strategic Studies 37, no. 4 (2017): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.53532/ss.038.01.00175.
Full textAbstract:
This paper explores the impact of Sino-US competition on the Asia-Pacific and South Asian regions. The competition in these regions revolves around a range of issues ranging from geopolitical and geo-strategic to geo-economic interests. However, the US’s Asia policy poses a challenge to Asia’s leading power, China. This article investigates factors behind Obama administration’s policy of Asia Pivot and the policy options available to the present Trump administration and implications for the Asia-Pacific and South Asia regions. An over-emphasis on a hard military-only approach would also be viewed in the South Asia context, where China has adopted an economic approach to extend its influence. A hard approach would have adverse implications for strategic stability in South Asia between India and Pakistan, and there is a possibility of an escalation of tensions between China and its US-allied neighbouring states over maritime disputes.
24
Ali, Ismail, and Singgih Tri Sulistiyono. "A Reflection of “Indonesian Maritime Fulcrum” Initiative: Maritime History and Geopolitical Changes." Journal of Maritime Studies and National Integration 4, no. 1 (2020): 12–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jmsni.v4i1.8081.
Full textAbstract:
The announcement of a maritime economic initiative known as the 21st Century Maritime Silk Route (MSR) by Chinese President Xi Jinping in 2013 created a new paradigm shift in the geo-economy and geo-politics of countries in the Pacific Ocean and Indian Ocean. With this initiative, China aims to rebuild maritime lines in the seas and oceans where China once was regarded as one of the world's leading powers. In contrast to countries in Southeast Asia, which still hold divergent views on the Chinese initiative, Indonesia sees it as an opportunity to develop regions that have long been marginalized from development. It is in line with the shift in Indonesia’s global economic-political agenda in the 21st century through a doctrine known as "Indonesia as a Maritime Fulcrum," which was initiated by “Jokowi” Widodo and Jusuf Kalla in 2014. Taking into account the importance of this idea in Indonesia's geo-economic and geo-political agenda, this study is to reflect on Indonesia’s history as a global maritime and trade power before it was undermined by the Dutch occupation. In addition, using historical approach, this study aims to see and evaluate how the idea of "Indonesia as a Maritime Fulcrum" can restore Indonesia’s reputation as a major maritime power in the Southeast Asian archipelago.
25
Leary, David, and Anshuman Chakraborty. "New Horizons in the Law of the Sea." Victoria University of Wellington Law Review 36, no. 4 (2005): 675. http://dx.doi.org/10.26686/vuwlr.v36i4.5619.
Full textAbstract:
This article summarises the proceedings of the symposium held at Victoria University of Wellington in September 2004 to mark the tenth anniversary of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea.The authors highlight the key themes of the symposium, basing their discussion on the five topics of maritime security, enforcement and compliance in fisheries law, Pacific regional issues, dispute resolution and the law of the sea, and future directions for the law of the sea.
26
Kucienska, B., G. B. Raga, and R. Romero-Centeno. "High lightning activity in maritime clouds near Mexico." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 12, no. 1 (2012): 2817–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-12-2817-2012.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. Lightning activity detected by the World Wide Lightning Location Network (WWLLN) over oceanic regions adjacent to Mexico is often as high as that observed over the continent. In order to explore the possible cause of the observed high flash density over those regions, the relationships between lightning, rainfall, vertical hydrometeor profiles, latent heating, wind variability and aerosol optical thickness are analyzed. The characteristics of lightning and precipitation over four oceanic zones adjacent to Mexican coastlines are contrasted against those over the continent. In addition, we compare two smaller regions over the Tropical Pacific Ocean: one located within the Inter-Tropical Converge Zone and characterized by high rainfall and weak lightning activity and the other influenced by a continental jet and presenting high rainfall and strong lightning activity over the Gulf of Tehuantepec. Maritime precipitating clouds that develop within the region influenced by offshore winds exhibit similar properties to continental clouds: large content of precipitation ice and an increased height range of coexistence of precipitation ice and cloud water. During the rainy season, monthly distribution of lightning within the region influenced by the continental jet is contrary to that of rainfall. Moreover, the monthly variability of lightning is very similar to the variability of the meridional wind component and it is also related to the variability of aerosol optical depth. The analysis strongly suggests that the high lightning activity observed over the Gulf of Tehuantepec is caused by continental cloud condensation nuclei advected over the ocean.
27
Schofield, Clive, and David Freestone. "Islands Awash Amidst Rising Seas: Sea Level Rise and Insular Status under the Law of the Sea." International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law 34, no. 3 (2019): 391–414. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718085-13431098.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract This article considers the potential impacts of sea level rise on maritime zones with particular reference to impacts on islands. It considers the sea level rise predictions of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change; it outlines the existing legal framework for coastal baselines and insular features established by the 1982 Law of the Sea Convention. It highlights the work of the International Law Association Committee on International Law and Sea Level Rise, which in its 2018 report had identified the development of a body of State practice among the States and Territories of the South Pacific regarding the maintenance of existing maritime zone claims in the face of sea level rise. That practice is considered, together with the implications of the 2016 Tribunal Award on the South China Sea case on maritime zone claims based on islands.
28
Felister, Adhiambo Lucy. "Compulsory Adjudication of International Court of Justice and Pacific Settlement of Kenya-Somalia Maritime Dispute." International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science 06, no. 05 (2022): 563–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.47772/ijriss.2022.6530.
Full textAbstract:
Kenya and Somalia are among states that have accented to compulsory jurisdiction of the International Court of Justice on peaceful settlement of disputes. However, these two states are at odd over the verdict on international boundary delimitation passed by this court in regards to the Kenya- Somalia Maritime dispute. This study examined compulsory adjudication, carried out by the International Court of Justice, as means of resolving the Kenya Somalia maritime dispute. The specific objectives were: to explore the genesis of the maritime dispute between Kenya and Somalia, to analyse international legal framework on peacefully settlement of maritime disputes and to evaluate the state reservation towards compulsory adjudication as an approach for pacific settlement of maritime disputes. The study reviewed relevant literature and analysed case studies of maritime disputes that have been resolved or pending to ascertain the suitability of compulsory adjudication, arbitration or other alternative mechanisms in resolving the Kenya-Somalia maritime disputes. This study was anchored on the theories of institutional liberalism and realism. Institutional liberalism recognises international law as a regime that governs states hence the states accentuation to international arbitration by the International Court of Justice. Realism is about state centrism, national interest and that preserving their autonomy is crucial hence states remain the main actors in decision making processes and there is no authority to challenge anarchy of states in either abiding or otherwise with the compulsory adjudication. This study utilized the mixed research design and relied mostly on the historical and explorative designs. The research was primarily qualitative and explored both primary and secondary sources. Primary data was sourced through both archival data retrieval, and field research. Archival data was collected in the Kenya National Archives. Field data was gathered through key informant interviews and Focused Group Discussions. The target population from which samples was drawn from includes members of the diplomatic community of the two countries, peace and security experts, politicians, legal experts and employees of the International Court of Justice. Secondary data was sourced from conference papers, books and journals. The data collected was grouped, corroborated, analysed through contents analysis and presented using the qualitative research techniques and using themes that are comparable to the research objectives. The major proposition of the study was that maritime disputes may be resolved either through compulsory adjudication and that the international law through it elaborate legal frameworks also anticipates the maritime disputes may be resolved through or diplomatic and bilateral engagements between the two conflicting states. However, states have reservation in submitting their conflicts for compulsory adjudication by the International Court of Justice. For such, both Somalia and Kenya were willing and unwilling to comply with international arbitration for a number of reasons including: third party bias among judges, salience of territorial issues under contestation, uncertainty over the outcomes of the process, the bargaining power of the competing states and the likelihood of armed confrontation between the belligerent states. Information gathered in this study was not only beneficial in providing a body of knowledge on understanding the role of compulsory adjudication in pacific settlement of the disputes, but also added to existential knowledge on international legal framework on maritime disputes and state reservation in judicial settlement of territorial and maritime disputes.
29
Kite-Powell, Hauke. "The Value of Ocean Surface Wind Information for Maritime Commerce." Marine Technology Society Journal 45, no. 1 (2011): 75–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4031/mtsj.45.1.13.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractObservations, nowcasts, and forecasts of ocean surface wind conditions are of economic value to activities such as maritime transportation, commercial fishing, offshore energy, recreational boating, and search and rescue. In this paper, we estimate the value to the maritime shipping industry of ocean surface wind information and of wind and wave condition forecasts based on this information. Commercial ships transiting the North Pacific and North Atlantic oceans are exposed to severe wind and wave conditions associated with extratropical storms. These storms impose costs on maritime commerce by delaying and sometimes damaging vessels or causing loss of cargo. Ocean surface wind information allows ships to limit their exposure to these conditions. We estimate that average expected annual losses to container shipping (lost containers and associated damage to vessels) in the absence of good information about extratropical storm conditions would be on the order of $250 million/year in the North Pacific and $120 million/year in the North Atlantic, and we estimate average expected annual losses to bulk shipping operations from extratropical storm exposure in these regions to be on the order of $150 million/year. A significant fraction of this risk can be avoided with ocean surface vector wind observations and forecasts. Our model results suggest that the QuikSCAT information (available until November 2009) and associated forecasts enabled a reduction in annual exposure for shipping traffic in the North Atlantic and North Pacific of about 50%, with total annual net savings around $150 million. The estimate of annual benefits to shipping operations from a hypothetical improved satellite instrument is around $200 million.
30
Shen, Zhicheng, Xinliang Xu, Jiaohao Li, and Shikuan Wang. "Vulnerability of the Maritime Network to Tropical Cyclones in the Northwest Pacific and the Northern Indian Ocean." Sustainability 11, no. 21 (2019): 6176. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11216176.
Full textAbstract:
Maritime networks are one of the most important types of transportation networks in international logistics and it accounts for 90% of the global trade volume. However, the structure of maritime networks is severely impacted by tropical cyclones, especially the maritime network in the Northwest Pacific and the northern Indian Ocean. This paper investigates the vulnerability of the maritime network in the Northwest Pacific and the northern Indian Ocean to the influence of tropical cyclones through removing ports at high or very high tropical cyclones hazard levels and analyzing how the network structure characteristics change from a complex network point of view. From the results, we find that this maritime network is a small-world network and the degree distribution of ports follows a power law distribution. The ports in East Asia are impacted more severely by the tropical cyclones. Moreover, this maritime network exhibits some vulnerability to tropical cyclones. However, the interconnection of the survived ports is not severely impacted, when the network is attacked by tropical cyclones. The port system in the Philippines is most vulnerable to the influence of tropical cyclones, followed by the ports systems in Japan and China. The paper also shows that it is important for studies of maritime network vulnerability to identify the ports that are both important to the regional and cross-regional logistics and severely impacted by natural hazards. The findings provide a theoretical basis for optimizing the port layout and improving the ability of the network to resist damage caused by tropical cyclones.
31
Strating, Rebecca, and Joanne Wallis. "Maritime sovereignty and territorialisation: Comparing the Pacific Islands and South China Sea." Marine Policy 141 (July 2022): 105110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2022.105110.
Full text
32
Telesetsky, Anastasia. "U.S. State Practice." Korean Journal of International and Comparative Law 6, no. 2 (2018): 199–218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134484-12340112.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract This article summarizes U.S. State practice in the area of maritime enforcement. Focusing on the activities of the U.S. Coast Guard and the U.S. Navy, the article covers law enforcement for piracy and human trafficking, law enforcement for maritime terrorism and weapon trafficking, enforcement against illegal extraction of living marine resources, enforcement to protect the marine environment from pollution, enforcement to prevent accidents at sea, customs and illegal immigration enforcement, and drug trafficking enforcement. The article notes that the U.S. approach to maritime enforcement has been a “long-arm” approach ensuring enforcement of U.S. interests spanning oceanic regions.
33
Baumgardner, D., G. B. Raga, J. C. Jimenez, and K. Bower. "Aerosol particles in the Mexican East Pacific Part I: processing and vertical redistribution by clouds." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 5, no. 11 (2005): 3081–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-5-3081-2005.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. Airborne measurements of aerosol particle size distributions were made in the Mexican Intertropical Convergence Zone. The volume concentrations of submicron and super micron particles at cloud base were compared with those in near-cloud regions over a range of altitudes. Of 78 near-cloud regions analyzed, 68% and 45% had enhanced volumes of submicron particles and supermicron particles, respectively. In addition, 35% of these regions had supermicron particles removed, presumably by precipitation. In 61% of the cases the enhancement in volume occurred over the size range from 0.1 to 50 μm whereas only submicron volumes were enhanced in 35% of the cases. In regions near clouds that were formed in air of maritime origin the frequency of volume enhancement decreased with increasing altitude and was twice as frequent on the dissipating side of clouds compared to the growing side. No such differences were found in the regions near clouds formed in air originating from the land. The frequency and average magnitude of volume enhancement are in qualitative and quantitative agreement with previous observational and theoretical studies that relate enhancements in particle mass to the uptake by cloud droplets of SO2 accompanied by additional growth by droplet coalescence.
34
Vieira, Rui Castro. "An overview of the developments of the European Common Fisheries Policy regarding sustainable development and its regionalisation in Portugal and the Autonomous Regions." UNIO – EU Law Journal 5, no. 1 (2019): 92–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.21814/unio.5.1.254.
Full textAbstract:
The European integration is not only a continental, but also a maritime integration, with the development of a maritime market including its maritime resources like fisheries. The development of the Common Fisheries Policy, in the European Union, has been marked by a few peculiar principles and tension among Member States. These developments have also been challenged by the developments of International Law, especially the Law of the Seas Convention, as well as the increasing attention given to a sustainable development and the need for maritime environmental development. The latest years have also been marked by a need for decentralization and regionalisation of the Common Fisheries Policy. The Iberian nations, especially Portugal, are a distinctive case with the rather difficult Common Fisheries Policy Integration. In spite of that, its singularity regarding its maritime presence and autonomic decentralized model give new potential for a new management and development of a decentralized Common Fisheries Policy, as well as a new possibility for sustainable development. In this paper, we analyse the development of the European Common Fisheries Policy as well as its role and interaction with International Law and the new concerns regarding sustainability of fishing stocks and its new management approach and needs for regionalisation. We also analyse its repercussions on Portugal and the potential offered by its own maritime and territorial peculiarities with its archipelagos and their own qualities and aptitude for a sustainable integration of the Common Fisheries Policy.
35
Salahuddin, Ahmed, and Scott Curtis. "Evolution of Mesoscale Convective Systems and its Relationship with the Madden-Julian Oscillation in the Indo-Pacific Region." Open Atmospheric Science Journal 3, no. 1 (2009): 158–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874282300903010158.
Full textAbstract:
In this study we investigated the influence of sea surface temperature (SST) and Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO) on the organization, strength, and distribution of Mesoscale Convective Systems (MCSs) over the Indo-Pacific region for understanding El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO). The study is based on the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission’s (TRMM) precipitation features dataset during boreal winters of 2001-02 to 2006-07. The results of time series of hot spot analyses show that MCSs are predominantly clustered in the Maritime Continent and West Pacific Regions, and are preferentially observed over ocean compared to land. The largest quantity of MCSs were observed to the south of the equator in January 2002, and the distribution of MCSs as a function of SST for these months peaked between 29-30° Celsius. MJO explains 11% to nearly 30% of the characteristics of MCSs in the Indo-Pacific. The percentage of MCSs over the ocean in January is larger when the MJO is in the active phase than the passive phase from the Indian Ocean to the West Pacific Region. The warm waters under the MCSs may be related to the coupled MJO process that convectively generate and maintain the storms. The effect of the MJO is strongest when it is located within the Maritime Continent region. The MJO analysis indicates that MCSs are more likely accompanied by westerly winds during the eastward propagation of the MJO and the westerly wind bursts have been linked to the onset of El Nino in the Pacific.
36
Kwiatkowska, Barbara. "Submissions to the UN Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf: The Practice of Developing States in Cases of Disputed and Unresolved Maritime Boundary Delimitations or Other Land or Maritime Disputes. Part One." International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law 28, no. 2 (2013): 219–341. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718085-12341279.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract This is the first part of a two-part article surveying state practice regarding Disputed and Unresolved Maritime Boundary Delimitations or Other Land or Maritime Disputes under the Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf (CLCS) Rules. It reviews basic principles and the interpretation of the 1982 UN Law of the Sea Convention and the CLCS Rules. As the 2006 Annex VII Barbados/Trinidad and Tobago Award and the 2012 ITLOS Bangladesh v. Myanmar Judgment reaffirmed, the CLCS Recommendations must in no way prejudice existing and prospective boundary delimitations, nor must they prejudice other land or maritime disputes. All practical means of giving effect to such “without prejudice” principles are carefully analysed. The present Part covers Latin America and the Wider Caribbean, Northeast and Southeast Asia, and the South Pacific. Part Two will cover South Asia and the Middle East, East Africa—Indian Ocean, South Africa, West Africa and North Africa.
37
Kwiatkowska, Barbara. "Submissions to the UN Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf: The Practice of Developing States in Cases of Disputed and Unresolved Maritime Boundary Delimitations or Other Land or Maritime Disputes. Part Two." International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law 28, no. 4 (2013): 615–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718085-12341296.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract This is the second part of a two-part article surveying state practice regarding Disputed and Unresolved Maritime Boundary Delimitations or Other Land or Maritime Disputes under the Rules of the Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf (CLCS). It reviews basic principles and the interpretation of the 1982 UN Law of the Sea Convention and the CLCS Rules. As the 2006 Barbados/Trinidad and Tobago Award and the 2012 ITLOS Bangladesh v. Myanmar Judgment reaffirmed, the CLCS Recommendations must in no way prejudice existing and prospective boundary delimitations, nor must they prejudice other land or maritime disputes. All practical means of giving effect to such “without prejudice” principles are carefully analysed. Part One covers Latin America and the Wider Caribbean, Northeast and Southeast Asia, and the South Pacific. The present Part Two covers South Asia and the Middle East, East Africa-Indian Ocean, South Africa, West Africa and North Africa.
38
Fathiraini, N., W. Darmawan, T. Ma’mur, and W. I. Fauzi. "The vantage point of geopolitics: capturing indonesia’s maritime axis." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1089, no. 1 (2022): 012062. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1089/1/012062.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract After the East Asia Summit in 2014, the Indonesia Maritime Axis became a priority under Joko Widodo’s administration. The maritime development aspect once articulated in the Djuanda Declaration in 1957, however, during several periods of leadership, the government marginalized the Maritime realm and was more directed to encourage agricultural as well as inland centric development vigorously. Truly unfortunate, it became contrast with the fact that Indonesia, as an archipelagic country based on the United Nations Convention for the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) in 1982, hibernated over periods to maritime development. This study examined Indonesia Maritime Axis policy from a geopolitics perspective in international relations and national interests. The research method utilized qualitative with a descriptive analysis approach. The main argument rest in a state which performed geopolitics in regional dynamics, prominently towards Indo-Asia-Pacific rim to achieve national interests. The United States and China tried to anchor down their influence over this vast and vibrant region while Indonesia seeks opportunities towards cooperation to increase economic growth. Furthermore, Indonesia firmly showcased a rising middle power, as well as an archipelagic country, which struggle to protect its maritime sovereignty.
39
Giraudeau, Géraldine. "Pacific Islands in the face of sea level rise: some reflections from an international law perspective." Anuario Español de Derecho Internacional 38 (May 10, 2022): 452–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.15581/010.38.425-454.
Full textAbstract:
Because they are at the frontline of climate change, Pacific islands’ governments and populations have early alerted on effects of sea level rise, a phenomenon that raises an urgent and existential threat in this part of the world. Among the legal questions emerging from that emergency, consequences on territorial integrity and sovereignty, State continuity, permanence of maritime limits and boundaries, as well as protection of human rights, are of crucial importance. Pacific islands’ representatives pushed for more awareness on those issues, and they are also actively participating to the construction of legal responses, particularly in the framework of the Pacific Islands Forum (PIF).
This article proposes an analysis of consequences of sea level rise from an international law perspective, focusing on Pacific States and territories. Effects of sea level rise being more present and documented in Oceania than in any other area in the world, a regional approach deserves specific attention and can usefully serve a general reflection on these challenges. The text thus aims to study impacts of sea level rise on territorial integrity and human rights at a regional scale, and to address more general prospects on development of international law.
40
Kondo, Yoshimi, Atsushi Higuchi, and Kenji Nakamura. "Small-Scale Cloud Activity over the Maritime Continent and the Western Pacific as Revealed by Satellite Data." Monthly Weather Review 134, no. 6 (2006): 1581–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/mwr3132.1.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Cloud systems over the Maritime Continent and the tropical western Pacific defined by the Geostationary Meteorological Satellite (GMS) were tracked, and their evolution was compared with cloud parameters [e.g., minimum blackbody brightness temperature (TBB), cloud area size, TBB gradient at cloud edges]. In addition, cloud systems observed by the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) were examined, and the relationship with precipitation was investigated. Analysis areas were divided into four regions: open ocean, coastal sea, coasts, and land. Cloud systems that did not split from or merge with other systems (28% of a total of 290 717 cloud systems) showed common features on cloud parameters in spite of different lifetimes or their locations. While the minimum TBB appeared in the beginning of their lifetimes, the cloud area was still expanding. At the time of first detection, the TBB gradient at the edge of the cloud system was the maximum and decreased with time. The rain rate was maximized when the TBB was at a minimum or earlier. For example, a system with the lifetime of 5 h over the ocean has a minimum TBB 2 h after the occurrence, a maximum area at 3 h, a maximum TBB gradient at 1 h, and a maximum rain rate at 1 h. Vertical development was significant in coasts, while remarkable horizontal expansion appeared over land. In particular, precipitation ice and storm height profiles showed differences among regions.
41
Monserud, Robert A. "Large-scale management experiments in the moist maritime forests of the Pacific Northwest." Landscape and Urban Planning 59, no. 3 (2002): 159–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0169-2046(02)00013-0.
Full text
42
Li, Tim, Ping Liu, X. Fu, B. Wang, and Gerald A. Meehl. "Spatiotemporal Structures and Mechanisms of the Tropospheric Biennial Oscillation in the Indo-Pacific Warm Ocean Regions*." Journal of Climate 19, no. 13 (2006): 3070–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli3736.1.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The observed structure and seasonal evolution characteristics of the tropospheric biennial oscillation (TBO) in the warm ocean areas of the Indo-Pacific region are explored using a seasonal-sequence EOF analysis approach. The major convective activity centers associated with the TBO appear in the southeast Indian Ocean (SEIO) and western North Pacific (WNP), accompanied by anticyclonic (or cyclonic) circulation patterns with a first-baroclinic-mode structure. The convection and circulation anomalies have distinctive life cycles in the SEIO and WNP: the former have a peak phase in northern fall and the latter persist from northern winter to subsequent summer. The mechanisms of the TBO in this region are investigated with a hybrid coupled GCM. Numerical results show that air–sea interaction in the warm ocean alone can support TBO variability that has many observed characteristics. Key processes involved in the TBO include the WNP monsoon variability and associated cross-equatorial flows, convective activity over Southeast Asia/the Maritime Continent and associated anomalous Walker circulation, and ocean dynamic responses to anomalous wind stress curl in the western Pacific. The coupled model experiment demonstrates that the essential element of the TBO in this region arises from the monsoon–warm ocean interaction. A possible connection between the TBO and ENSO variability is further studied in another model that excludes the delayed oscillator dynamics. The key in causing the biennial variability of ENSO arises from teleconnections between the tropical Pacific and Indian Oceans, with three “atmospheric bridges”: 1) the north–south teleconnection that connects the WNP monsoon and the SEIO, 2) the east–west teleconnection that connects the Indian Ocean and the Pacific cold tongue, and 3) the El Niño–WNP monsoon teleconnection.
43
Song, Lili, and Morsen Mosses. "Revisiting Ocean Boundary Disputes in the South Pacific in Light of the South China Sea Arbitration: A Legal Perspective." International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law 33, no. 4 (2018): 768–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718085-12333079.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract This article examines three ocean boundary disputes in the South Pacific in light of the South China Sea arbitration. First, we consider whether the Matthew and Hunter Islands, over which France and Vanuatu have made competing claims, are full-fledged islands or rocks and argue that they are likely to be rocks. Second, we discuss the dispute between Fiji and Tonga over the Minerva Reefs. We submit that, if the Minerva Reefs are low-tide elevations as public information in English generally suggests, Tonga’s historic claim to the maritime area around the Minerva Reefs would be inconsistent with the principle of ‘the land dominates the sea’. Third, we examine Tonga’s historic claim to the maritime area within a rectangle boundary defined in Tonga’s 1887 Royal Proclamation and submit that the main difficulty for Tonga to establish such claim is to prove that it has effectively exercised sovereignty over the relevant area.
44
Day, Kenneth A., and Gregory M. McKeon. "An Index of Summer Rainfall for Queensland’s Grazing Lands." Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology 57, no. 7 (2018): 1623–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jamc-d-17-0148.1.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractA historical rainfall index, relevant to the grazing industries of Queensland, Australia, is described. We refer to our index as the Queensland grazing lands rainfall index (QGLRI), which is a long-term (1890/91–present) time series of austral summer (November–March) rainfall, spatially averaged over a region we define as the Queensland grazing lands region. We argue that our QGLRI better represents historical summer rainfall variability faced by the majority of the grazing industry in Queensland than does area-averaged statewide rainfall. The geographical boundaries of our region were chosen to 1) better represent the spatial patterns of land use, settlement, and livestock densities and 2) coincide with spatial patterns of airmass dominance. The selected region covers 59% of Queensland’s mainland area but carries more than 80% of the state’s livestock. The region’s boundaries also closely match the mean summer location of the boundaries of the “tropical maritime Pacific” air mass. The selected 5-month season (November–March) was chosen based on summer rainfall dominance, seasonal climatic effects restricting pasture and animal growth, and pasture management implications such as burning and the risk of overgrazing. We find that this season also corresponds to the timing of tropical maritime airmass dominance. The remaining regions of Queensland, far-northern and far-western Queensland, also correspond to well-defined dominant air masses, with properties that are markedly different from those of the tropical maritime Pacific air mass. We demonstrate that the rainfall regime in far-northern Queensland makes a strong contribution to statewide totals, resulting in statewide summer rainfall having lower variability than our QGLRI.
45
Buraga, Manoj Babu, and Thibault Fournol. "Indo-French Cooperation and Engagement in Holistic Maritime Security: Possibilities and Implications in the Indian Ocean Region." Electronic Journal of Social and Strategic Studies 03, no. 02 (2022): 241–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.47362/ejsss.2022.3209.
Full textAbstract:
The diffusion of the Indo-Pacific concept in India’s strategic vocabulary has accompanied the emergence of a broader strategic reference frame, in which the impacts of climate change on coastal areas and maritime-related environmental issues figure among the lowest common denominators of cooperation at the regional scale. In the Indian Ocean Region (IOR), unregulated fishing, natural disasters relief or marine pollution indeed became major security concerns for littoral States as well as it gave a new role for the armies in mitigating increasing environmental risks. In fact, we are seeing an expansion in India-France maritime security cooperation, with particular focus on the Indian Ocean. With its expanding economic, marine military, and strategic goals in the Indo-Pacific region, India is eager to develop connections with countries throughout the area. France is emphasising its identity as an Indo-Pacific nation and showing interest in bolstering its partnership with India. The Indian Ocean has emerged as a hot topic in recent Indo-French bilateral talks, as both nations seek to broaden their long-standing strategic partnership to the maritime domain. In February 2022, they inked a roadmap to boost their bilateral exchanges on the blue economy and forge a common vision of ocean governance on the basis of the rule of law, and cooperation on sustainable and resilient coastal and waterways infrastructure (MEA, Feb 2022).[i] In this regard, both agreed to explore the potential for collaboration in marine science research for a better understanding of the oceans, including the Indian Ocean. One such partnership is the ‘The Indo-Pacific Oceans Initiative’ (IPOI), wherein France and India have taken the responsibility of being the ‘lead’ for the Marine Resources Pillar, which is one of seven identified pillars (MEA, Mar 2022).[ii] In such a context, this paper aims to explore India’s cooperation opportunities in the field of environmental security in the IOR in the context of Indo-French relations. As a preferred net security provider in the region, India has made of France one of the cornerstones of its SAGAR policy and a first-choice partner on maritime issues, as testified recently by the India-France Roadmap on Blue Economy and Ocean Governance. Based on several years of research on Indo-French relations and environmental security in the Indo-Pacific, the paper will first compare the securitization process of maritime-related environmental issues within the regional security policies of both countries and the adaptation of their navies to emerging environmental risks in the Indian Ocean. Then, it will analyse to what extent this process contributes to reshape military-to-military cooperation between the two navies/coast guard in emerging areas such as disaster relief operations, protection of maritime ecosystems or cyclone early warning. Then, it will consider the multilateral implications of this cooperation and its potential contribution to the security architecture of the Indian Ocean. [i] Ministry of External Affairs of India (February 2022). India-France Roadmap on the Blue Economy and Ocean Governance. [ii] Ministry of External Affairs of India (March 2022). Indo-French Call for an ‘Indo-Pacific Parks Partnership. Joint Declaration, Paris.
46
Abdillah, Muhammad Rais, Yuki Kanno, and Toshiki Iwasaki. "Tropical–Extratropical Interactions Associated with East Asian Cold Air Outbreaks. Part II: Intraseasonal Variation." Journal of Climate 31, no. 2 (2018): 473–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-17-0147.1.
Full textAbstract:
Intraseasonal variations of East Asian cold air outbreaks (CAOs) in relation to the tropical atmosphere during 34 winters (DJF) are investigated. This study is a continuation of Part I, which discussed the interannual variability of East Asian CAOs. Two types of quantitative East Asian CAOs, western and eastern CAOs, are examined. Their variations are identified by the zonal integration of equatorward flux of cold air mass (CAM) below 280 K at 45°N over 90°–135°E and 135°E–180°. A day-lagged regression analysis reveals that peaks of intraseasonal western and eastern CAO events are preconditioned by large-scale tropical convection anomalies resembling particular phases of the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO). Western CAO events tend to occur when the convective phase of the MJO crosses over the Maritime Continent. In contrast, eastern CAO events are triggered by the MJO over the western Pacific. Observations of MJO-related atmospheric anomalies indicate the important roles of poleward Rossby wave trains in affecting extratropical East Asian CAOs. The barotropic Rossby waves develop negative geopotential height anomalies in midlatitude East Asia, which then induce a low-level equatorward cold airflow. Several experiments in an atmospheric model using prescribed MJO-like heating anomalies demonstrate that the Maritime Continent MJO and the western Pacific MJO clearly affect the equatorward CAM flux over the western and eastern CAO regions, respectively. Compared with the western CAO, the eastern CAO shows a more robust response to the MJO because of stronger wave activity during the western Pacific MJO.
47
Antonopoulos, Paul. "The Kangaroo, the Bear, and the Dragon: Australia-Russia-China Relations in the “Asian Century”." China Quarterly of International Strategic Studies 03, no. 03 (2017): 411–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2377740017500208.
Full textAbstract:
With Australia and Russia increasingly seeing their future in the Asia-Pacific, neither can reach its full economic potential except under the guidance of Beijing’s control of ports on its “Maritime Silk Road.” Cold War clichés of the “Yankee lapdog” and the big bad “Russian bear” continue to dominate how Canberra and Moscow view each other. Yet when it comes to the future of Australia-Russia-China relations, one must look beyond Moscow, Beijing, and Canberra, but rather at Vladivostok and Darwin, symbols of an as-yet unrealized goal to shift emphasis onto each country’s sparsely-populated regions bordering the Asia-Pacific. With the dawning of the “Asian Century,” how does the United States change the geopolitical dynamics of the region, and how do China, Russia, and Australia react to “America’s Pacific Century”? Rather than a capitulation to America’s aggressive posture in the Asia-Pacific, China and Russia have consolidated the integration of their economies and militaries to counter such penetration. This emerging rivalry creates a challenge for Australia to balance its military alliance with the United States and its economic reliance on China. The necessity of finetuning this balance should be Canberra’s primary foreign policy issue.
48
Ratner, Steven R. "Land, Island and Maritime Frontier Dispute (El Salvador/Honduras), Application to Intervene." American Journal of International Law 85, no. 4 (1991): 680–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2203274.
Full textAbstract:
In this case before a Chamber of the International Court of Justice, El Salvador and Honduras, by a Special Agreement dated May 24, 1986, requested that the Chamber delimit the land frontier and determine the legal status of certain islands and waters in the general area of the Gulf of Fonseca. The gulf, located on the Pacific coast of Central America, is bordered by El Salvador, Honduras and Nicaragua. Nicaragua filed an application for permission to intervene in the case on November 17, 1989, pursuant to Article 62 of the Statute of the Court, which permits a state to request intervention if the state considers “that it has an interest of a legal nature which may be affected by the decision in the case.”
49
Tsamenyi, Martin, and Quentin Hanich. "Fisheries Jurisdiction under the Law of the Sea Convention: Rights and Obligations in Maritime Zones under the Sovereignty of Coastal States." International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law 27, no. 4 (2012): 783–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718085-12341259.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract International fisheries governance contains no specific provisions detailing States’ rights and obligations in respect of fisheries in maritime zones classified as falling under the sovereignty of coastal States, namely: internal waters, archipelagic waters and territorial seas. Using a case-study of the Western and Central Pacific Fisheries Commission, this article demonstrates that there is still a gap in international fisheries governance relating to fisheries in ‘waters under sovereignty’ which requires remedying, and concludes by providing some possible management options to fill the gap.
50
Wiranto, Surya, Hikmahanto Juwana, Sobar Sutisna, and Kresno Buntoro. "The Disputes of South China Sea From International Law Perspective." Southeast Asia Law Journal 1, no. 1 (2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.31479/salj.v1i1.1.
Full textAbstract:
<p align="justify">Disputes in the South China Sea (SCS) occur due to the seizure of mari- time regions of Spratly and Paracel islands, the regions which are rich in natural resources of oil and gas. Indonesia is not a claimant state to the features in SCS, but Indonesia has a vital national interest to the jurisdiction of waters of the exclusive economic zone (EEZ) and the continental shelf which overlaps with claims 9 dashed lines of PRC. In analyzing and resolving these disputes, the writer uses theory of law- based state as a grand theory, the theory of international law as a middle range theory, and theory of conflict resolution as an applied theory. The method is a normative legal research. The legal materials are collected based on the identifted list of problems/issues and are assessed according to the classiftcation of the problems. The legal materials are deductively managed to draw conclusions from the problems encountered, and are further analyzed to solve these problems. Conflict resolution to maritime territorial dispute can be achieved by legal means. The dispute settlement by legal means can be done through bilateral, multilateral, arbitration, to the International Court of Justice, while the dispute resolution through CBMs can be achieved through dialogue in international fora by applying the formula 6 + 4 + 2 or 6 + 4 + 1 + 1, and by conducting survey and research cooperation in the fteld of maritime.</p>