Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Mark.—I'
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Kaddori, Bashar. "Kabelförläggning i mark." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för tillämpad fysik och elektronik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-141950.
Full textThe thesis work was carried out at the consulting company WSP Group- Stockholm, with the purpose of identifying and finding installation methods that facilitate the placement of cables today and in the future. The thesis focuses only on regional and local grids but with elements of main grids in major cities. This degree project is based on information gathering from standards EBR KJ41: 15 cabling max 145 kV, SS-EN 424 14 37 and Stockholm City Technical Manual and the differences between them. As a supplement to the standards, different manuals were used by different companies and also past thesis work. Answers to main question and subquery are based on interviews with various actors in the industry such as grid owners, consultants, and entrepreneurs. The interviews revealed that pipes are used primarily not to protect cables, but to pass through a road. Pipes Installation lead to deterioration of heat dissipation in cables, which means that the temperature of the cable rises and, in the worst case, shortens the life of cable. Walking up the cable wiring area is not possible because it is crowded in the ground and requires a lot of space. Bentonite filling is not a good method because there is no data on what can happen with the bentonite after 5 years or 20 years. It would be difficult to access the cables and repair them because the bentonite must be flushed out. If the bentonite is stiff, it can be difficult to access the cable. It turned out that excavation is the only method used in metropolitan areas because other methods can cause damage to existing wires lying in the ground. The most common cable damages are digging in cables, it is very easy to access the ground cables at the installation work. In order to expand the network in the future, cables with larger wires can be placed to cover future needs. In areas where you know that the network does not need to be strengthened, pipes can be placed to facilitate maintenance work in the future. The city needs to be clear about where the future constructions will be and develop a plan and stick to it. The city must also be responsible for its land and not let anyone else take care of the network. Management owners need to be better at co-ordinating and acting quickly to come up with details on where to co-ordinate to avoid bottleneck and disturbing landowners several times. It seems that tunnels will be a way to go in the future. Tunnels is an expensive infrastructure and if several actors choose to collaborate, the costs of tunnel construction can be divided between different actors. OPI channelization is also another type of solution and it is very good if several players can also collaborate
Godkänd
Ahlberger, Christer. "Vävarfolket : hemindustri i Mark 1790-1850 /." Borås : Borås museum distribution, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376123466.
Full textWahlgren, Maja, and Tara Taher. "Fuktrisker : Fukt i mark och grundkonstruktioner." Thesis, KTH, Byggteknik och design, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-191293.
Full textIvansson, Patrik, Christian Werner, and Jonas Bengtsson. "Kraftkabelförläggning i mark : - en studie av produktionsmetoder." Thesis, Växjö University, School of Technology and Design, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:vxu:diva-955.
Full textThe assignment given to us by NCC was to compose a degree project based on ground excavations for power cables. The aim of the study was to examine suitable excavation methods depending on different possible terrain conditions. The amount of previously written material within this subject is nearly non- existent and therefore there is a genuine interest by the NCC to receive a compilation of different production methods. The greater part of this study is based upon interviews with several companies active within this area of expertise. The technique of placing the electricity grid beneath ground for safety is today getting more and more common. The aftermath of the hurricane “Gudrun” has forced several power companies to re-evaluate their electric supply network, which has lead to more placements of power cables underground.
We have come to the conclusion that there are several factors that would affect the method of choice for cable excavations. Costumer demands, obstacles and the difference in ground conditions are vital factors behind the verdict for suitable production methods.
Strandin, Pers Annika. "Mark i marginalen : Drivkrafter, pionjärer och myrodlingslandskap." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Kulturgeografiska institutionen, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-74932.
Full textEhrling, Sara, and Yejie Hans Ye. "Säkerhetsöverlåtelseborgenärens kreditsäkerhet i byggnad på annans mark." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för ekonomisk och industriell utveckling, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-71732.
Full textEmtlind, Johannes. "Galvaniska strömmar mellan olika material i mark." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för fysik och elektroteknik (IFE), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-38252.
Full textHellman, Sara, and Victoria Åhman. "Olovligt nyttjande av kommunal mark i bostadsområden." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Samhällsbyggnad, GIS, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-24663.
Full textUse of land is of major importance for the development of society and the municipalities have different roles and responsibilities associated with this, both as authority and as major landowners. In urban areas, and in particular residential areas, it is in many cases the municipality that owns the land that adjoins residential real estate. It has been shown that this land often is used by individuals for personal interests, and it is believed to have consequences for the public, residential owners and municipalities. The purpose of this study was, therefore, to increase knowledge about the illegal use of municipal land. This was done partly by highlighting the different types of infringements that occur in the unauthorized use of municipal land outside residential real estate, but also by investigating how selected municipalities handle and believes that illegal use should be handled. To find out what types of violations are done in residential areas, three municipalities were selected as well as two residential areas in each municipality. A comparison was then made between aerial photos and the property division for all residential properties in the area to see what types of violations were occurring. Representatives from the different municipalities were subsequently interviewed to get their views on what types of violations occurring and to gain knowledge about how the different municipalities handle and believe that illegal use of municipal land should be handled. In the comparison between aerial photography and property division, different types of infringements were identified, which largely corresponded to the findings of the interviews. The interviews also showed fundamental similarities regarding the management of illegal use of municipal land, differences are assumed mainly due to different municipal conditions, including varying resources. When it comes to how the handling should go, there are different opinions between the municipalities.
Alsterhag, Elin. "Förslag till modell av kemikaliespridning i mark anpassad för användning vid räddningsinsats - Kemspill Mark 4.0." Thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Earth Sciences, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-8208.
Full textAfter emergencies involving chemical spills it is of great importance that correct measures are taken with short notice, both for the security of people and in order to minimize future environmental consequences. The RIB-unit at the Swedish Rescue Services Agency initiated this study, the aim of which is to propose changes to the existing chemical transport calculation tool: Chemical Spill 3.4, included in RIB - Integrated Decision Support for Civil Protection, so that it can be used for decision support as well as in preventive work. A rough estimation of chemical transport in the subsurface is considered being of great importance when making decisions during emergency response operations.
The proposition presented in this report is a non site specific chemical transport model which is designed to give a rough estimation of NAPL flow in homogenous isotropic soil shortly after an instantaneous release. The model can be used at two levels; both in situations without access to information on subsurface properties, and with more accuracy in situations with knowledge of the included parameters. For that reason the user can choose among predefined alternatives or assign the parameters a numeric value to increase the quality of the model output. The predefined alternatives are represented by default values for different parameters in the model.
Suggested model output are vertical and horizontal transport of NAPL phase, horizontal transport of dissolved chemical in the aqueous phase, as well as the amounts of spill that are evaporated and entrapped in the soil, all at the time specified by the user. Moreover the maximum transport of the chemical phase and time to groundwater pollution are given. To make the uncertainty of the model clear for the user the results are given as the most likely value together with the smallest and largest values that can be expected.
Equations presented in this report describe a selection of subsurface processes which occur after a release of chemicals. The selection is made with the aim to reach satisfying result when the model is used within its domain without making the model complicated for the user. Therefore simplifying assumptions have been made in the descriptions of some processes while some other processes are neglected. Simplifications have been based on recognized references or on theoretical arguments, but the overall performance of the model as well as some of the default input parameters need to be further tested and validated before the new version of the model can be included in RIB. However, compared with the existing version Chemical Spill 3.4 several changes have been suggested; including additional processes, development of default values and making model uncertainty clear to the user. These changes are thought to significantly improve the existing model.
Vid olyckor med kemikalieutsläpp är det av stor vikt att rätt åtgärder snabbt vidtas, både för människors säkerhet och för att minimera framtida miljökonsekvenser. Räddningsverkets RIB-enhet initierade den här studien vars mål är att ge förslag på modellteknisk förbättring av det befintliga beräkningsprogrammet Kemspill Mark 3.4, som ingår i programpaketet RIB - Integrerat beslutsstöd för skydd mot olyckor, så att det i framtiden kan användas som beslutsstöd vid räddningsinsats efter kemikalieutsläpp samt vid förebyggande planeringsarbete. En grov vägledning om kemikaliens spridning anses vara av stor betydelse för att räddningstjänsten ska kunna fatta rätt beslut vid en insats.
Förslaget som presenteras i denna rapport är en icke platsspecifik spridningsmodell anpassad för vätskor med begränsad löslighet i vatten och ger en grov uppskattning av spridning i homogen och isotrop mark inom några timmar efter ett momentant utsläpp.
Modellen ska kunna användas på två nivåer; för att ge en mycket grov uppskattning av spridningen även utan tillgång på uppgifter om markegenskaper, samt med större noggrannhet då informationen finns. Med anledning av detta kommer användaren ges möjlighet att välja bland fördefinierade alternativ eller att ange indata numeriskt för att öka noggrannheten. De fördefinierade valen representeras av typvärden för olika parametrar i modellen.
Den nya modellen i förslaget ger vid angiven tid vertikal och horisontell spridning av fri kemikaliefas, horisontell spridning av löst förorening i vattenfas samt hur stor andel av utsläppet som hålls kvar i marken respektive har avdunstat från spillytan. Dessutom anges kemikaliefasens maximala spridning och hur lång tid det tar för utsläppet att nå grundvattnet. För att tydliggöra modellens osäkerhet för användaren ges utdata som det mest sannolika värdet tillsammans med det största och minsta värdet som är sannolikt.
Ekvationerna som presenteras i rapporten beskriver ett urval av de processer som sker i marken vid ett kemikalieutsläpp. Urvalet har gjorts med utgångspunkt att uppnå tillfredställande resultat inom modellens domän utan att komplicera för användaren och därmed har förenklande antaganden gjorts för att beskriva vissa förlopp medan andra försummats helt. Förenklingarna har grundats på vedertagna referenser eller på teoretiskt resonemang. Validering av modellresultat samt vissa typvärdens intervall krävs före inkludering i RIB. Jämfört med det befintliga Kemspill Mark 3.4 har dock stora förändringar föreslagits; fler processer inkluderas, typvärden utvecklas och modellens osäkerhet görs tydlig för användaren. Förändringar tros medföra en signifikant förbättring av modellen.
Mood, Gustav. "Ökad medvetenhet under jakt i skog och mark." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen Designhögskolan, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-59364.
Full textBrobäck, Malin, and Sara Shakespeare. "Tungmetallkoncentrationen i ytvatten och mark kring området Knuthöjdsmossen." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för tema, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-96054.
Full textEdeskär, Tommy. "Gummiklipp som konstruktionsmaterial i mark- och anläggningstekniska tillämpningar /." Luleå, 2004. http://epubl.luth.se/1402-1528/2004/13/.
Full textEdeskär, Tommy. "Gummiklipp som konstruktionsmaterial i mark- och anläggningstekniska tillämpningar." Licentiate thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Geoteknologi, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-17092.
Full textGodkänd; 2004; 20061031 (ysko)
Sundin, Johan, and Ulf Troeng. "Ökad närhet i mataffären : Hur närproducerad mat vinner mark i globaliseringens tidevarv." Thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Social and Economic Geography, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-88766.
Full textJansson, Anna. "Markprisets förändring i tiden : Vilka faktorer påverkar prissättningen på mark i Stockholm." Thesis, Stockholm University, Department of Human Geography, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-6648.
Full textHarnevie, Nicole. "Spridning av klorerade kolväten i mark och grundvatten i Upplands Väsby kommun." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för kemi, bioteknologi och hälsa (CBH), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-240612.
Full textUpplands Väsby municipality has for a long time been a municipality with many industries and a large variation of other activates, which recently have been shown to pollute the soil and groundwater, the pollutions that this work focus on is chlorinated solvents. This has been discovered during property development in the area and an inventory of activities. There is a groundwater reservoir in Upplands Väsby, which is also connected to Hammarby´s drinking water reservoir, and as a result of the pollution there is a risk of contaminating the groundwater reservoir as well as the drinking reservoir. The contamination could possibly occur through groundwater streams or hydraulic contact. Chlorinated solvents have traditionally been extensively used in Swedish industry, their applications include: use as a solvent, dry cleaning, electronics industry, chemical engineering industry and the metal industry where it is used for degreasing before surface treatment of metals. The chlorinated solvents examined in this report are mainly tetrachloroethylene and trichloroethylene as well as their degradation products. Chlorinated solvents have been shown to be carcinogenic and are a risk to the area as well as for further dissemination to the drinking water revenues. In this work all relevant environmental engineering studies where chlorinated solvents have been detected in Upplands Väsbys municipality are summarized. The data form the studies were then analyzed with data from the geological formation, with the purpose of assessing from whether that the contamination could reach the Stockholmåsen-Upplands Väsby reservoir or not. Analysis shows that there is a high risk that the contamination has reached the groundwater reservoir, but that the so far discovered contamination levels in the reservoir are below the guideline values. Potential contamination sources are sites where chlorinated solvents were used as degreasers of dry cleaner solvents. In this report a sampling program is proposed. It is recommended that environmental engineering studies should be carried out not only for where the potential contamination sources have been located but also in the sensitive areas where high levels of chlorinated solvents already have been detected. This in order to Upplands Väsby municipality can investigate the presence of pollutants under the properties and map how the contamination is spreading in the groundwater and if it may affect the groundwater reservoir Stockholmsåsen-Upplands Väsby even further.
Borglund, Fredrik. "Termisk påverkan av korsande infrastruktur vid kabelförläggning i mark." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för tillämpad fysik och elektronik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-172188.
Full textEkwurtzel, Linn, and Sara Töreman. "Undergrundens betydelse för tvång i platta på mark vid gradientkrympning." Thesis, KTH, Betongbyggnad, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-147217.
Full textHåkansson, Maja, and Sebastian Andersson. "Modellering av mark i beräkningsmodeller : En jämförelsestudie mellan tre beräkningsmetoder." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Byggteknik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-355723.
Full textComputerized programs which perform calculations have developed rapidly over the past 30 years. The programs have progressed from performing basic calculations to more advanced ones which gives an opportunity to perform more accurate calculations. Even though advanced calculation programs exist, many calculations are still done by hand or in simple programs when designing foundations. The purpose of this thesis is to study the differences in results of ground pressure and settlements when using two different programs. The programs that have been used are WIN-Statik Foundation (which is an easier program) and FEM-Design (which is a more advanced program). Two methods are used to describe the soil in FEM-Design. The first involves springs with a predetermined stiffness (bedding modulus). The second method involves modelling the soil as a solid mass (3D-soil) along with the stratigraphy and its properties. The programs are evaluated from a usability point of view and how easy it is to understand the results, in order to understand why many construction engineers choose to use simpler programs than FEM-Design. The objective of the thesis is to produce a user manual for FEM-Design’s 3D-soil module to increase the usage of FEM-Design throughout the whole design process. Three different constructions have been modelled in order to perform the calculations: an individual footing, a group of three individual footings and a foundation slab. The results from the calculations were compared between the programs but also between the constructions. The comparison showed that FEM-Design with 3D-soil is recommended when preforming calculations of foundations placed close to each other. This is because the other methods do not take into consideration the impact the foundations have on each other. The biggest settlement of the foundation group more than doubled compared to the single foundation when the calculations were done with 3D-soil. The two other methods gave the same result of settlement for both constructions. When the foundation slab was calculated with 3D-soil the ground pressure became more than twice as big compared to the calculation with the bedding modulus. The advantage of WIN-Statik is that only a few input values are needed and the calculation is easy to perform. In most cases the simplification of the calculations in WIN-Statik creates bigger foundations than needed.
Grundström, Mörtzell Beatrice. "Riskbedömning av petroleumkolväten i mark och grundvatten vid Uddebo Oljehamn." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-67568.
Full textBlom, Linus, and Dan Hedlund. "Tilläggsisolering och fuktproblem i grundkonstruktionen platta på mark : En fallstudie i flerbostadshus inom stadsdelen Sätra i Gävle." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för bygg- energi- och miljöteknik, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-17170.
Full textSveriges riksdag beslutade att det skulle byggas en miljon bostäder, så kallade miljonprogramshus, mellan åren 1965 och 1974. Miljonprogramshusen uppfördes med nya och obeprövade konstruktionslösningar, på kort tid och till låga kostnader. Idag är bostadshusen från den tiden i stort behov av renovering. Det kommunalägda bostadsbolaget Gavlegårdarna håller på att renovera och energieffektivisera några av sina flerbostadshus i stadsdelen Sätra, Gävle. Ett problem är hur grundkonstruktionen, platta på mark i flerbostadshusen ska energieffektiviseras och fuktsäkras. Denna undersökning behandlar fyra representativa golvkonstruktioner som förekommer i Gavlegårdarnas miljonprogramsområde i Sätra. Syftet med undersökningen är att studera och utvärdera beprövade metoder för tilläggsisolering på de fyra utvalda golvtyperna. Lösningsförslagen på tilläggsisoleringsåtgärderna ska behandla fuktproblem, ekonomi och energieffektivisering. Resultaten från undersökningen visar att markplattans kantbalk är utsatt för fuktproblem medan plattans mitt inte har några anmärkningsvärda problem. Enligt U- värdesberäkningarna förbättras golvtypernas U-värde med 31 % - 40 % beroende på isoleringstjocklek och utförande, dock har investeringarna långa återbetalningstider. Utförs ett renoveringsarbete är det fördelaktigt att samtidigt tilläggsisolera. Satsar investerarna på en hållbar utveckling med minskad energianvändning rekommenderas förslagna åtgärderna, vilket förespråkas i miljömål uppsatta av Sverige och EU.
Mattsson, John. "Fuktproblematik i platta på mark : En analys av uppkomsten till fuktproblem." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för bygg- energi- och miljöteknik, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-14764.
Full textVid uppförandet av en byggnad ska en rad faktorer samverka för att byggnaden ska uppfylla de krav som ställs på den, en byggnad ska bland annat uppfylla krav som bärighet, energihushållning och ge en god levnadsmiljö genom bland annat att säkra byggnaden mot fukt. Fuktproblem i byggnader kan påverka hälsan negativt. Då vi i allt större utsträckning vistas i inomhusmiljöer ställs högre krav på en god inomhusmiljö. Arbetets utgångspunkt är att granska uppkomsten till fuktproblem i platta på mark, för att sedan koppla de olika ställda scenarier om uppkomsten till fuktproblem i platta på mark till en verklig byggnad. Byggnaden med fuktproblem ligger i Årby by i Borlänge och fuktskadan som uppdagades är i plattan vid en lägenhetsavskiljande vägg. Genom att granska litteratur skriven inom ramarna för fuktproblematik, göra handberäkningar och modellera i programmet Comsol Multiphysics har man fått en uppskattning av varför uppkomsten av fukt förekommit i byggnaden i Årby by. Generellt vid utförandet av platta på mark kan följande riktlinjer användas för att minska riskerna att fuktproblem ska uppstå: Uttorkning av byggfukt innan golvläggning. Använda käpillärbrytande skikt under plattan, för att förhindra kapillärsugning. Använda isolering under plattan, dels ur komfortsynpunkt och för att upprätta en temperaturskillnad mellan mark och betongplatta. Undvika direktkontakt mellan trä och betong, på grund av nedbrytning och påväxt som annars kan ske. Vid behov använda extra ångspärr. Utöver ovanstående, finns olika metoder för att fuktsäkra och uppföljning genom fuktdimensionering eller genom metoden ByggaF som är anpassad för hela byggprocessens olika skeenden.
Lindmark, Starkenberg Frida, and Lisa Nilsson. "Förtätningsprojekt i Umeå : Gestaltning av Stadsliden 2:3 på sluttande mark." Thesis, KTH, Byggteknik och design, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-147624.
Full textUmeå is a growing city that lies along the coast of Norrland. The municipality has strong goals and ambitions for the city to grow over the next 25 years. The municipality plans to complete an area named Berghem with 80-100 apartments. A new block shall be formed on current natural land on sloping ground. The area is near Umeå city center and just a stone throw away from Berghem’s own center. Berghem is one of the most expensive neighborhoods in Umeå to buy an apartment and queues for rental apartments are among the longest. Building on this area needs a lot of factors to take into account. To adapt the buildings to the area and its terrain has been the works greatest challenge, focus has been placed on the pilot study with a detailed site analysis of the area and its surroundings. Pilot study and site analysis consists among others on reasoning about how the sun affects the placement of the buildings, how the surrounding buildings affects on the rate of exploitation and how soil terrain affecting the composition. This work aims to design concept drawings for the new area. The vision was been to create a neighborhood with strong ties to the surrounding nature.
Nilsson, Karolina. "Extraktion och analys av PAH : En studie kring kontamineringshastigheten i mark." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Miljövetenskap, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-33260.
Full textBlohmé, Torkel, and Nils Grundmark. "Anvisning och prissättning av mark i Stockholms yttre kranskommuner : En studie av markanvisningsriktlinjers tillämpning i praktiken." Thesis, KTH, Fastigheter och byggande, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-276825.
Full textAllocation of land owned by municipalities should be carried out in line with the municipality in questions guidelines for land allocation. Guidelines for allocation is, since 2015, required by Swedish law for those municipalities that allocate real estate. Despite that, municipality land allocation is a branch characterized by a lack of transparency and clarity. This report examines and compares some of the outer crane municipalities of Stockholm regarding their land allocation policy and guidelines. The municipalities chosen were Botkyrka, Haninge, Norrtälje, Nynäshamn, Upplands-Bro, Upplands Väsby and Sigtuna, because of their assumed big part in the further development of Stockholm. Even though the current law of guidelines for land allocation took effect in 2015 there is still municipalities that lack guidelines and policies. There are further problems in some of the municipalities that adopted guidelines that they don’t follow them, which counteract Law (2014:899) about guidelines for land allocations within a municipality, the underlying purpose of which was to make land allocation within municipalities more transparent. Land allocation in the municipality has a lack of penalties as a result of acting in violation of legislation. Boverket as a regulator have statistics that shows that 10% of swedish municipalities that allocates land does in fact not have guidelines, but there is a lack of examination if municipalities that have guidelines follow them. No clear difference in price of land can be noticed when comparing different methods of allocating land. The material we obtained from the municipalities in this investigation makes us question if all the municipalities is applying independent valuation of land. There are also municipalities that classes their valuations as working material, something that isn't public information, even though valuations should be considered decision founding. Parallel to the investigation of land allocation guidelines investigations about pricing and distance from the center of Stockholm is being examined as well as if the pricing can be explained by William Alonso’s location theory. The investigation shows that there is some kind of connection between the prices of the land when allocated and the distance from Stockholm City. There is a stronger correlation between distance and pricing than time of traveling and pricing.
Larsson, Magnus, and Martha Toftgård. "Förorenad mark 20 år efter åtgärd : Undersökning av ytvattenkemi i Bersbo gruvområde." Thesis, Linköping University, The Tema Institute, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-12212.
Full textGruvdrift ger upphov till stora mängder avfall, vilket medför att metaller sprids från det deponerade avfallet till kringliggande mark och vattendrag. Flera metaller är naturliga komponenter i ekosystemen och många är essentiella näringsämnen. Metaller kan dock innebära en belastning då de i höga koncentrationer är toxiska för levande organismer. Läckaget av metaller från gruvavfall kan fördröjas genom täckning av deponierna.
Bersbo gruvområde i Åtvidaberg var ett pilotprojekt för en nationell satsning som ägde rum på 1980-talet, vilken syftade till att åtgärda gamla nedlagda sulfidmalmsgruvor. Flertalet studier har utförts i området för att utreda föroreningssituationen i Bersbo. Ytvattenprover insamlades före, under och efter åtgärden. Trots en minskning av metallkoncentrationer i vattnet i området har det i tidigare studier konstaterats att metalläckaget från Bersbo överstiger läckaget från samtliga övriga gruvor i Östergötland.
Denna studie syftar till att undersöka metalläckaget i ytvattnet i anslutning till de täckta deponierna i Bersbo cirka tjugo år efter att åtgärden utfördes. Provtagning av ytvatten har genomförts och vattnet har analyserats med avseende på pH, konduktivitet, kadmium, koppar, järn och zink. En statistisk jämförelse har utförts mellan data från tidsperioden 1992-1998 och data som har erhållits i studien. Resultatet påvisar minskade metallkoncentrationer i området kring deponierna men halterna vid Storgruveupplaget är fortfarande höga i jämförelse med bakgrundsvärdena. I ett dike vid Storgruveupplaget, som inte förväntades vara påverkad av avfallet, påvisades även där höga metallkoncentrationer i jämförelse med bakgrundsvärdena. Dessutom observerades en minskning av pH-värdena nedströms samma upplag. Vid provpunkterna som omgärdar Steffenburgsupplaget observerades en ökning av pH-värdena samt oförändrade eller minskade metallkoncentrationer.
Lans, Simon. "Utveckling av erfarenhetsåterföring - en fallstudie hos NCC Mark/Anläggning i Västernorrland/Jämtland." Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Avdelningen för ekoteknik och hållbart byggande, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-25159.
Full textTo seize experiences from completed projects in order to improve the quality of conducted work, does currently not work satisfactorily in the construction industry. Research shows that up to 1/3 out of the construction cost of renovation and new constructions projects can be attributed to poor quality costs. Some of these poor quality costs can be reduced by conducting a systematic improvement work through experience feedback within companies. NCC sees a potential to improve their work within the area of experience feedback. The aim of this study is to describe how the work is conducted today and by literature- and a case study identify ways to improve their work. The case study has been conducted with both interviews and a questionnaire that six officials from the group have participated in. Theory from literature has then been discussed in relation to the outcome of the case study.Overall, the attitudes towards working with experience feedback are positive within the group and officials believe it is important to pursue this work. This attitude will facilitate the development of the experience feedback. NCC has central directives for how the experience feedback should be conducted, but these are not always complied. To ensure that experience feedback will be done NCC should follow the directives since the directives contain certain key elements such as end meetings. Other things that NCC should do are to gather experiences in a database so that it becomes more accessible in contrast to the verbal experience feedback that dominates today. NCC should see the experience feedback as an ongoing support process and provide adequate resources to this process. Distinguishing the experience feedback from the projects to a separate process with adequate resources, will ensure that the data can be collected, analyzed and lead to systematic improvements.Keywords: experience feedback, improvement work, continuous improvement, poor quality costs, production monitoring
Johansson, Oskar, and Johan Olsson. "Sprickbildning i platta på mark orsakad av oliksidig uttorkning : En finit elementanalys." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för bygg- energi- och miljöteknik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-27136.
Full textToday concrete is one of the most commonly used building materials and slab on ground is one of the most used foundation types. Problems with cracking are a common occurance for slabs and are probably caused by uneven drying. While drying, concrete shrinks depending on the moisture of surrounding environment. A slab on ground is exposed to different moisture levels on top and bottom of the slab, since the relative humidity of the soil is 100% while the indoor air is much drier. This means that the slab top will display more shrinkage than the slab bottom. This uneven drying leads to a strain gradient through the cross section of the slab, and if the tension exceeds the tensile strength of the concrete cracking occurs. In this study different variants of slab on ground have been simulated using FEM-Design with purpose to examine the effects of uneven drying on cracking. The slabs were square with sizes ranging from 5x5 m2 to 80x80 m2 , 100 mm or 200 mm thickness, with or without joints, free edge or pinned support and exposed to different kinds of drying and reinforcement alternatives. Slabs of one size have been simulated with varying modulus of subgrade reaction, boundary conditions and drying conditions to determine the effect of the modulus of subgrade reaction on cracking in concrete. Beyond this a concrete plank has been simulated in order to verify results from a previous study at the University of Gävle. A total of 1957 slabs were simulated. The results show that uneven drying of slabs on ground creates moment and, depending on boundary conditions and joints, axial loads as well. In many cases the resulting magnitudes of the reactions invoke cracking in the concrete. Conclusions in this study: Uneven drying creates moment and axial loads in slabs on ground. The addition of joints which allow independent subplate movement is an effective way of limiting crack width caused by axial loads. The magnitude of moment, axial loads and crack width for slabs smaller than 30x30 m2 depends on slab size. Slabs on ground ought to be reinforced in the top part of the cross section with respect to cracks from uneven drying. The simulations confirm the conclusion from the earlier study regarding deflections in the plank caused by uneven drying.
Liljestrand, Simon, and Viktor Lundell. "Fuktkontroll av en ventilerad platta på mark : Modellering i COMSOL Multiphysics 5.5." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för byggnadsteknik, energisystem och miljövetenskap, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-32653.
Full textCrawl spaces in some form have been used as foundations in Sweden for a long time.In the past, it was uninsulated crawl spaces that eventually evolved into insulatedcrawl spaces and open plinth foundations. An increased relative humidity during thesummer is a common problem for crawl spaces that are ventilated with outdoor air. The purpose of the case study is to study an outdoor ventilated structure with wellinsulated floor and ground insulation. The construction is below ground level andthe ventilation takes place via a thin air gap below ground level. The temperatureand relative humidity in the air gap are of interest to determine if there is a risk ofmould growth in the design. A simulation of the heat flow between the building and the ground is carried out inCOMSOL Multiphysics 5.5 to determine the temperature distribution in the design.The temperature distribution is the basis for the determination of relative vaporcontent in the air gap of the structure.The simulation uses climate data for a typicalyear in Gävle. The simulation shows a high temperature in the air gap which gives a relative vaporcontent as a monthly average of 37–77% during a year. The high temperature in theair gap contributes to keeping the structure dry when critical relative humidity, 75–80%, is not exceeded for a longer period of time. The results are surprisingly positive with a low risk of mold growth in the construction.There are many assumptions, in particular, which airflow is found in the airgap. In order to validate the results in the work, measurements should be made onthe two prototype houses that exist.
Silvereke, Aramis. "Komponerande på ny mark : En resa till Island i jakt på inspiration." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Musikhögskolan, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-86522.
Full textBerg, Matilda, and Mathias Fyhr. "Elfordonsbrand i parkeringsgarage under mark : En studie om räddningstjänstens kunskap och riktlinjer." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-82806.
Full textWith increased environmental awareness the adaption to a more sustainable society with electrical and part-electrical vehicles have become more popular. With an increasing number of electrical vehicles, new risks have appeared on the roads in the form of lithium-ion batteries. Electrical vehicles are considered a major risk, but is this assumption completely true? There are several aggravating conditions for the fire department in the event of underground parking garage fires. The involvement of an electrical vehicle will make the firefighting event more complex. Due to limited research there still is a great deal of uncertainties about the toxic fumes from fires in electrical vehicles. One example the performance of the fire fighters' clothing to resist the toxic gas hydrogen fluoride; many others exist. The lack of guidelines for the fire department regarding electrical vehicle fires in underground parking garages needs to be highlighted and investigated further. The methods used in the report include literature studies, surveys, and interviews. Awareness of the potential risks when electrical vehicles are burning in underground parking garages is satisfactory. On the other hand, the knowledge of how to manage these incidents is inadequate. The level of knowledge is generally higher when personnel on the fire department have a higher position with associated qualification requirements. It does not matter if a person works in a fire department in a union or if it’s driven by one county for the level of knowledge. Each individual's interest in the subject have influence over a person’s knowledge. The survey and interviews illustrated that specific guidelines regarding fire in electrical vehicles in underground parking garages have minimal occurrence in the Swedish Fire Department. Instead, some fire departments declared that general guidelines for fires in electrical vehicles exists. These general guidelines can therefore be adapted to address fires in electrical vehicles in underground parking garages. This study concludes that national guidelines need to be established. The guidelines should not be specific to electrical vehicle fires in underground parking garages. Instead they should be written in a general and broad representation to encompass electric vehicle fires. National guidelines should be developed by The Swedish Civil Contingencies Agency (MSB) in cooperation with the Swedish rescue services. The desire with this report is to highlight the perceived lack of knowledge amongst stakeholders and for those involved to take responsibility to improve the existing knowledge platform. Further, it is suggested that national guidelines to be considered and potentially developed for fires involving electrical vehicles. To accomplish this additional research is needed as well as a broader understanding of electric car components and the considerations for firefighting. The intention of this report was not to analyze the implementation of a national guideline regarding firefighting, building and parking design standards, fire mitigation efforts, etc. related to electric vehicles. As mentioned above, additional research for adapting a national study would be worthy for further consideration. Lastly, existing guidelines and standards should be further studied in order to modify and adopt to the changing landscape impacting electric vehicle use.
Björnlund, Stefan. "Att vandra i Daedalus hus : En analys av katabasis-motivet i Mark Z. Danielewskis House of Leaves." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för film och litteratur (IFL), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-85940.
Full textRadtke, Oliver, and Markus Kellgren. "3D-visualisering i mark- och anläggningsprojekt. : En studie utifrån Veidekkes förutsättningar att implementera 3D-modeller i produktion." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för ekonomi, teknik och naturvetenskap, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-40451.
Full textDue to the digitalization the construction business is increasingly striving against more digitized tools and working methods. Presenting projects in 3D has therefore become a hot topic where several actors are trying to implement 3D not only in the design phase but also in the production phase. Earlier research dealing with the subject largely chooses to focus on the building construction process and highlights the advantages that can be extracted using so called VDC- or BIM tools. Some of the scientific reports reviewed during this study on the other hand, highlights the importance of the infrastructure and earthworks stages as a part of the entire construction process. Many also believe that the infrastructure and earthworks stage play a key role in whether a construction project achieve success or not. With that in mind, the authors feel that 3D-models for infrastructure and earthworks, have not yet been explored to the extent that feels necessary, meaning that the advantages and the various obstacles that stand in the way of a successful implementation process needs to be investigated. There is no doubt that building construction has come further in a digital development aspect of visualizing projects in 3D, compared to infrastructure and earthworks. In this study the authors have highlighted the benefits that can be gained by visualizing infrastructure and earthworks projects in 3D. The study also shows evidence of why the application of such should take place and what companies should be considering when implementing 3D visualization into such projects. The purpose of the study is therefore to investigate how the company researched by the authors can integrate 3D models into their infrastructure and earthworks projects. This in addition to identifying the requirements that the employees have on a 3D model to facilitate development of a tool that fulfils these requirements and is usable in production. In addition, the conditions and requirements that play a main role in infrastructure and earthworks projects have been investigated to identify the most suitable conditions to allow the model to work in the most efficient way as possible. The study is conducted with a qualitative method including an examination of existing literature that highlights the problem areas identified by the authors. In addition, semi structured interviews are carried out with employees from the work-site leadership and the skilled workers at the company Veidekke Entreprenad AB. This to identify the current problem areas in the production of infrastructure and earthworks projects and to examine employees’ view about how 3D models would impact on their everyday work. A clear overall conclusion is that 3D-models are truly needed in infrastructure and earthworks projects out in production. A lot of factors indicate that the tool would, among other things, contribute to an increased understanding of the scope of projects and thus contribute to an improved communication and production process leading. Such a tool can according to this study, also minimize problem areas regarding technical solutions, contribute to a better planning, and by digitizing processes, increase job satisfaction for the site team.
Mattsson, Mårten. "Markägare i Stockholms län och deras inställning till biodiversitet och skydd av mark /." Umeå : Institutionen för skoglig resurshushållning och geomatik, Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet, 2004. http://epsilon.slu.se/9717170.pdf.
Full textRolfsson, Emma, and Sara Vikman. "Ersättning vid tvångsförvärv av mark – En typfallsstudie av ersättningen i två olika ersättningssystem." Thesis, KTH, Fastigheter och byggande, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-147652.
Full textVarje år antas cirka 2000 detaljplaner i Sverige. När ett område detaljplaneläggs behöver mark vanligtvis förvärvas för att anpassa fastigheterna till de nya förhållandena. Ägarförhållandena kan vanligtvis anpassas via förhandlingar mellan köpare och säljare. Men i vissa situationer, om ingen överenskommelse kan nås, är det tillåtet att använda tvångsregler för att förvärva marken. Tvångsreglerna får bara användas när kriterier uppställda i lagen är uppfyllda. Även vid frivilliga förhandlingar fyller tvångsreglerna en funktion eftersom de då fungerar som spelregler. Lagstiftningens ersättningsbestämmelser utgör en slags miniminivå för ersättningens storlek. Syftet med denna uppsats är dels att studera vilken ersättning som betalas i olika situationer när mark tvångsförvärvas inom detaljplanelagt område och dels att studera de motiv som ligger till grund för lagstiftningens utformning. För att besvara syftet har en typfallsstudie genomförts där mark frångick en typfastighet för fyra olika markåtkomstsituationer när en ny detaljplan blev gällande över området. Situationerna valdes för att tydliggöra att ersättningen som utgår vid olika markåtkomstsituationer kan variera. I studien tillämpades både dagens ersättningssystem samt ett konstruerat ersättningssystem som baserades på den upphävda lagen om exploateringssamverkan (ESL). Framkomna resultat visar att ersättningen kan variera dels beroende av vad marken ska användas till och dels beroende av vilket ersättningssystem som tillämpas. I det nu gällande ersättningssystemet är den största påverkan på ersättningen vad marken får användas till enligt detaljplanen. I det alternativa ersättningssystemet är det detaljplanens totala utformning som styr ersättningsbeloppet tillsammans med vad respektive fastighetsägare bidragit med till planområdet.
Johansson, Kling Erika. "Trafikinducerade vibrationer : En studie om busskuddars påverkan på vibrationsnivåer i mark och byggnader." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-382877.
Full textTraffic induced vibrations: A study on the effect of speed control cushions on vibration levels in surrounding land and buildings. Erika Johansson Kling In Uppsala, speed control cushions are used as a form of conscious unevenness in the road surface to reduce speed and increase road safety on accident-affected road sections. However, housing in residences located near speed control cushions have reported that they can sometimes experience vibrations linked to when heavy vehicles pass speed control cushions as disturbing. This study aimed to quantify vibration levels in land and buildings near speed control cushions and to investigate key factors that can affect the vibration level and vibration propagation. Through vibration measurements at four places in Uppsala, data was collected and analyzed based on the stated research questions. The result confirmed what the literature study highlighted, that it is difficult to describe the propagation of vibrations in a general way and that it is clearly site-specific. However, it was found at all the measurement sites that the vibration level in the ground tends to be a factor between 2.5 and 32 higher when a heavy vehicle passes a speed control cushion, compared to when it passes an unaffected reference point along the same road. Generally, the vibration level in the ground also decreased with increased distance from the source. However, the level of vibration that dominated varied between the locations and for different distances from the source. At one measurement site, the vibration level in the building was amplified compared to in the ground outside. At the same measurement site, the sensing threshold was also exceeded indoors, and a protection vibration level of 0.5 mm/s may have to be applied nearby the speed control cushions to prevent this from happening. The measurements showed that both vibrations with low and high frequencies can occur in the ground near the speed control cushions when heavy vehicles pass. However, it was only vibrations with low frequencies that propagated further in the ground at an increased distance from the source. The study also showed that a safety distance between speed control cushions and buildings of approximately 100 meters may be required in order for the sensitivity threshold not to be exceeded indoors. Although such a distance is sitespecific, it highlights what requirements it could put on the urban planning in a growing Uppsala. The fact that speed control cushions can increase the level of vibration in the ground when heavy vehicles pass seems somewhat strange, since the speed control cushions are supposed to be designed in a way that allows heavy vehicles to pass relatively unobstructed. Additional studies on the design and/or foundation of the speed control cushions are therefore of great relevance. It is furthermore relevant to investigate, for example, how the speed of the vehicles when passing over speed control cushions affects the vibration level in the ground, since the literature study highlights that it is primarily when heavy vehicles pass an unevenness in the road surface at high speed that significant vibrations can occur. Speed control cushions are considered to be one of the most effective speed reducing measures, but the study shows that they may lead to increased vibration levels. An overall 3 evaluation should therefore be made regarding the suitability of speed control cushions in future urban planning. Keywords: ground vibration, vibration measurement, speed control cushion, traffic, urban planning. Department of Earth Sciences, Uppsala University, Villavägen 16, SE-752 36 Uppsala. ISSN 1401–5765.
Selén, Niklas, and Tom Söderström. "Fukttillstånd i betongplatta på mark : Ett experimentellt försök att jämföra teori med praktik." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för bygg- energi- och miljöteknik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-24058.
Full textVid gjutning av en betongplatta på mark sker uttorkning främst genom ovansidan av plattan. De övre skikten av betongen får en snabbare uttorkning än de undre skikten, detta tillsammans med den krympning som sker under uttorkningen skapar spänningar i betongplattan. Fenomenet gör att plattan vill böja upp sig i kanterna men på grund av egentyngd samt laster ovanifrån uttrycker sig spänningarna istället som sprickor på ovansidan (Lange, Lee & Liu, 2011). Uttorkning av en betongplatta på mark skiljer sig från uttorkning av t.ex. väggelement och mellanbjälklag som har samma klimat på bägge sidor. Marken under en uppvärmd byggnad med grundkonstruktionen platta på mark antas vara varm och fuktig med en relativ fukthalt nära 100 %. Efter noggrann undersökning av fuktskadade platta på mark konstruktioner har det visat sig att temperatur- och fuktbeteende i dessa konstruktioner är mer komplicerade än tidigare förmodat. För att bredda underlaget för de fuktförhållanden som råder i underkant av en betongplatta på mark utfördes mätningar i en befintlig betongplatta. Rådet för ByggKompetens, RBK är de som bestämmer branschstandarden inom fuktmätning i Sverige. Från 2017 är den enda metoden för fuktmätning i betong som RBK rekommenderar en metod där ett hål borras i betongplattan, tätas med ett foderrör och en RF-givare monteras inuti. Denna metod användes vid mätningarna i detta arbete. Tre olika mätpunkter med två RF-givare vid varje mätpunkt har använts vid mätningarna. Resultaten från mätningarna visar på att den relativa fuktigheten i betongplattans underkant är nära 100 %. Resultaten från givarna varierade mellan 90 % till 100 % RF där majoriteten av resultaten ligger väldigt nära 100 % RF. I och med dessa resultat styrker denna rapport antagandet om att marken under en platta på mark har en RF på 100 % eller väldigt nära.
Bergstedt, Märta-Lena. "Du tar väl inget på min mark : Om maktstrukturen i en ångermanländsk kustby." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för historia och samtidsstudier, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-30359.
Full textFrisk, Mattias. "En Studie i Rött : Hur beskrivs, uppfattas och kopplas färg samman med innehåll i Mark Rothkos abstrakta målningar?" Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Culture and Communication, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-16609.
Full textUndersökning av färgen i förhållande till innehåll i Mark Rothkos abstrakta verk. Studien innefattar en undersökning i hur man skriver om färg i anslutning till Rothkos abstrakta målningars innehåll och huruvida färg kan avgöra betydelser.
A study about color in relationship to content in Mark Rothko’s abstract paintings. It includes a research in how people write about color when discussing Mark Rothko´s paintings and how that is related to content. It also looks at color in relationship to meaning.
Ahl, Helga, and Leif Nilsson. "Förorenad mark Förekomst och spridning av koppar och zink i Gräsdalenanläggningens närområde, Gusum, Östergötland." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Thematic Studies, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-2501.
Full textFörorenade områden kan utgöra en stor risk för den omgivande miljön. Föroreningar som tungmetaller kan påverka det mikrobiologiska livet samt genom urlakning föras ut i grundvatten och vidare förorena omgivande miljö och dricksvatten. Tungmetaller tas även upp i organismer och sprids vidare i näringskedjor och kan också nå människan genom föda som växer eller odlas på förorenad mark. Föroreningar i mark härstammar oftast från gammal industriell produktion, så även i och omkring samhället Gusum i Östergötland. Här har verksamhet med smältverk bedrivits sedan 60-talet och ända fram till början av 80-talet var rökgaserna från verket orenade från metaller och har kraftigt förorenat och skadat närområdet kring bruket.
Syftet med detta arbete är att undersöka hur allvarligt förorenat området kring bruket är av metallerna koppar och zink, samt om metallerna riskerar att spridas ned i markprofilen och om denna risk förefaller öka ju högre halter marken har utsatts för. Information om området har samlats in och provtagningar i marken har genomförts på två olika avstånd från bruket. Provtagningarna omfattade totalt 8 st provgropar, 4 st på vardera provtagningsplats. Proverna har tagits från 4 olika djup i varje enskild grop.
Resultaten av studien visar att tillståndet i marken är allvarligt till mycket allvarligt enligt Naturvårdsverkets bedömningsgrunder för förorenad mark. Vidare visar mätningarna att det mesta av metallföroreningarna är bundet i markens organiska lager. Metallkoncentrationen i markens övre skikt verkar ha liten betydelse i detta fall för spridningen nedåt i markprofilen och spridningen sker mycket långsamt.
Hedin, Sigrid. "Åter till släktens mark? : En studie av markåterlämningen i Estlands svenskbygder efter Sovjetunionens sammanbrott /." Uppsala : Univ., Dep. of Social and Economic Geography, 2003. http://www.gbv.de/dms/spk/sbb/recht/toc/396326595.pdf.
Full textModig, Amanda. "Silverkontaminerat slam, hur påverkas markens organismer? : En litteraturstudie kring silvrets toxiska effekt i mark." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Miljövetenskap, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-31695.
Full textBarikan, Chirin, and Alexander Velu. "Fukttillskott från mark i uteluftsventileradekrypgrunder : Moisture supply from ground in outdoor ventilated crawl spaces." Thesis, KTH, Byggteknik och design, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-213400.
Full textMossberg, Camilla, and Lisa Auvoja. "Hantering av höjdskillnader i marknivå mellan befintlig bebyggelse och uppfylld mark; en fallstudie av Magasin M1 i Nyhamnen, Malmö." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för teknik och samhälle (TS), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-20095.
Full textWhile the development of coastal areas is increasing, Sweden is facing the future challenges of climate change. The county administration recommends that all new development should be built at a minimum ground level of + 3.00 (RH2000), in order to be protected from rising sea levels.This case study explores the possibilities to preserve the warehouse M1 at its current ground level of + 2.50 in connection with the new development of Nyhamnen and what consequences that may entail. A design proposition was made in SketchUp. Legal and technical conditions were formulated which the proposition was limited by. The guidelines for the planned development were also taken in consideration.The difference in ground level can be handled by using retaining walls and slopes up to 45°, without any structural engineering difficulties. The consequences of the adaptation were assessed to be storm-water and accessibility to the property. Accessibility can be solved with ramps but the storm-water aspect needs to be further investigated. The study showed that legal restrictions for historical buildings can complicate conservation in connection with new development. The study also highlight the lack of standardized approaches for how existing buildings can be adapted to the climate changes.
Broström, Robert. "Dra åt skogen! : En kvantitativ studie på regionala skillnader i upplevelsen av skog och mark." Thesis, Gymnastik- och idrottshögskolan, GIH, Institutionen för idrotts- och hälsovetenskap, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:gih:diva-1802.
Full textAndersson, Louise. "Avsättningsalternativ för avloppsslam från Gästrike Vatten : Möjligheter att återföra fosforföreningar i avloppsslam till produktiv mark." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-172300.
Full textGästrike Vatten is owned by the municipalities of Gävle, Hofors, Ockelbo and Älvkarleby and established in 2008. The company is responsible for handling and treating wastewater in the municipalities. Gästrike Vatten elutes wastewater from approximately 120,000 persons and all in all they handle 11,000 tonnes sewage sludge per year to a total cost of 5,000,000 SEK. Because of the Swedish Parliament’s environmental objectives reutilization of 60 % of the phosphorus from sewage sludge to agricultural soils, Gästrike Vatten now want to investigate possible options for reutilization of their sewage sludge. Gästrike Vatten has six wastewater treatment plants. Except for Duvbacken sewage treatment plant all of them produce sewage sludge with metal concentrations below the maximum permissible value for spreading sewage sludge on agricultural soils. The sewage sludge from Duvbacken comprises of more than 60 % of the total amount managed at Gästrike Vatten. As a result of this, Gästrike Vatten has difficulties reaching the Swedish Parliament’s environmental objectives for reutilization of phosphorous. Today, all sewage sludge from Gästrike Vatten is composted for later use as covering material for landfills. The objective of the present study was to investigate the possible options for environmental and economic sustainable reutilization of sewage sludge. This thesis describes Gästrike Vatten’s treatment plants and possible options for reutilization of sewage sludge. A mass balance study was conducted for Duvbacken as well as a detailed study on cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) content in the sludge. The study showed that the only option for Gästrike Vatten to meet the Swedish Parliament’s environmental objectives on reutilization phosphorous is certifying the sewage sludge according to REVAQ with subsequent reutilization to agricultural soils. Consequently, this study focuses on the possibility to implement REVAQ. An increase in concentrations of Cd, Cu and Zn in the sewage sludge from Duvbacken during the last years indicates an increase of emissions to the sewerage. The reason may be the abolition of the municipal monopoly on emptying the oil separators. Mapping the sewerage catchment areas and associated industries as well as sampling the effluent, it was found that the major metal contribution to the sewage sludge comes from industrial activities. Industries that can be expected to contribute to excessive release of Cd, Cu and Zn to the sewerage are engineering industries and surface treatment industries. Thus, all the industrial areas containing these industries are of interest in further studies.
Johannesson, Pia Götebo. "Mjölk, bär och eterneller : om genus och tillvarons mångtydighet : lantbrukarkvinnor i Mark under 1900-talet /." Stockholm : Carlssons, 1996. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb36970449n.
Full textEngström, Anders, and Fillippa Hallnor. "Registerföring av rennäringens utökade rättigheter : Hantering av sedvanerätter i fastighetsregistret gällande mark med statligt ursprung." Thesis, Högskolan Väst, Avdelningen för data-, elektro- och lantmäteriteknik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hv:diva-11145.
Full textReindeer keepers in Sweden have the right to pursue reindeer husbandry on land that they do not own. That is governed by law. The rights are more extensive regarding land that is now, or formerly was, owned by the Swedish state. The reindeer keepers may for example cut down trees in order to collect wood and fuel needed for their business. Lantmäteriet (the Swedish mapping, cadastral and land registration authority) shall since 30 June 1992 insert a comment in the real property register to inform about the existence of the extensive right of reindeer keeping, actuated when the state sells land to a private owner. The main focus of the study is to investigate how Lantmäteriet has handled the insertion of such information in Arvidsjaur, Gällivare and Vilhelmina municipality between year 1992 and 2017. By finding and examining transcripts from the real property register on properties which the state has sold land to, the study aims to show how the task has been handled. The sale of land owned by the state has mainly been managed by the company Sveaskog AB. This derives a natural selection consisting of land transfers made from properties owned by that company. The properties that have received land are categorized with respect to whether they have information about the extensive right of the reindeer keepers and to who the owner of the property is. This determines whether the task has been handled correctly or not. The information has been incorrectly left out in 65 % of the insertions in Gällivare and nor in Arvidsjaur or Vilhelmina has the work been done correctly. The result also gives an insight into the working routines of the cadastral surveyors and it shows how they approached the task. They seem to have developed an approach that goes beyond what is written in the guidelines from Lantmäteriet. This is one of the phenomena which is further discussed in the analysis. The study analyzes the underlying factors to why the information is not inserted. A discussion is held about how the formulation of the information could be clarified to make it easier for everybody to understand it. The conclusion tells that the work has been differently managed in the different municipalities. The work routines should be clarified or incorporated into the guidelines from Lantmäteriet and the current legislation should be questioned since we consider that it doesn’t always follow the purpose of the information. Concrete suggestions show how to more comprehensively present the information.
Lundmark, André, and Per Kjellgren. "Lgr 11 tar mark : En studie om i vilken utsträckning Lgr 11 har förändrat uppdraget för lärare i Idrott och hälsa." Thesis, Gymnastik- och idrottshögskolan, GIH, Institutionen för idrotts- och hälsovetenskap, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:gih:diva-2542.
Full textAim The aim of this study has been to investigate how teachers perceive their role in the subject Physical Education one academic year after the introduction of Läroplan för grundskolan, förskoleklassen och fritidshemmet 2011 (Lgr11). What changes on steering document level do the teachers believe that Lgr 11 has contributed with? To what extent is the content of the subject affected? How do the frame factors influence the teachers in their work with following Lgr 11? How do the teachers reason about grades and assessment in relation to Lpo 94? Method The study has a qualitative approach and based on that we selected interview as a method. The selection was strategic due to in advanced determined criteria and contained six teachers in the subject Physical Education and Helth working in Stockholm. We processed and analyzed the answers with the help of Göran Linde’s curriculum theory. Results The respondents believe that there is an increased awareness of the curriculum content than before. This makes teachers more determined to follow the curriculum. However, the teachers say that Lgr 11 in many aspects puts words to what already has been done. The teachers primarily work on their own when trying to understand Lgr 11. The use of support materials and the availability of collegial cooperation emerge as of importance. However, there is not enough time at hand to collegial collaborations. Teachers interpret the Lgr 11 to be more oriented towards a formative way of thinking about learning than the Lpo 94. They also feel that the subject is becoming more theoretical. Major changes in the teaching of physical education are that student-led activities have been removed and that the allocated time to team ball games has decreased. Other changes of teaching that the teachers put forward are the place of cooperation, swimming, friluftsliv and orienteering as learning focus. The majority of the respondents believe that the burden alongside with the teaching activity has increased substantially, mainly through the increased demand and need for documentation. New approaches are used to meet documentation requirements, but time is not experienced to be enough. The new grading scale is perceived as fairer and easier to apply. A consequence noted is that it appears to be more difficult to achieve the highest grade. Conclusion Respondents perceive their teaching role in the subject PEH as clearer on the transformation arena. The teaching has also become more formative in character on the realization arena with the implementation of Lgr 11 compared to Lpo 94. The workload has increased in the form of surplus labor of the documentation required after the implementation of Lgr 11. This is an important frame factor when considering substainability of the school reform and its’ influence of the PEH-teacher role.
Berglund, Martin, and Sofie Karlsson. "Den juridiska odlingsgränsen och dess inverkan på förvärv av statlig mark : En studie av markförvärv i samband med samhällsomvandlingen i Kiruna." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för Industriell utveckling, IT och Samhällsbyggnad, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-19813.
Full textTwo urban transformations are in progress in northern Sweden today, in Kiruna and in Malmberget, due to expanding mining operations. The relocation of the two cities requires land acquisition. In Kiruna there are specific conditions due to certain protection provided by the so called cultivation border. The purpose of the study is to give a wide perspective on this unique cultivation border and indicate its association with land acquisition. In order to achieve the purpose of the study the history of the cultivation border, the urban transformations and national interests were investigated, as well as the process of land acquisition and how it can be improved. A literature study, qualitative interviews and visits at Kiruna and Malmberget was used to gain knowledge within the topic.As early as in the 1500s, the Swedish government started to take control of the northern parts of the country and encouraged its colonization. The cultivation border was created in the late 1800s to protect the Sami people and their industry from the settlers. The urban transformations are very extensive and have major impacts on the environment. Involved participants want to construct new areas before deconstructing the old ones. There are several different national interests in Kiruna and in Malmberget areas that have to be taken into account in the planning process. Two of those interests are the reindeer and mining industries. The mining industry takes precedence due to its economic benefits to the whole country. The State owns lots of land in Kiruna and in order to acquire it, the government has to give its approval. An application for such an acquirement must be adjudicated by the Swedish Board of Agriculture, the County Administrative Board, affected Sami villages and the National Property Board of Sweden. The high amount of authorities involved makes the process of aquisition long and an improvement to shorten it is to increase the competence of the involved parties and their intercommunication. The purpose of the cultivation border is still considered to be valid, although today for example the tourism is more important than the agriculturing to protect the Sami people.