Relevant bibliographies by topics / Mark Twain

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Mark Twain'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 16 June 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Mark Twain"

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Bird, John. "Mark Twain." American Literary Scholarship 2020, no. 1 (2022): 75–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00659142-9580512.

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Bird, John. "Mark Twain." American Literary Scholarship 2019, no. 1 (2021): 67–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00659142-8839203.

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Gertlund, Jan Wordby, and Larzer Ziff. "Mark Twain." Journal of Southern History 71, no. 4 (2005): 916. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/27648947.

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Kiskis, M. J. "Mark Twain." American Literary Scholarship 2009, no. 1 (2011): 83–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00659142-1155166.

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Gribben, A. "Mark Twain." American Literary Scholarship 2010, no. 1 (2012): 97–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00659142-1501191.

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Bird, J. "Mark Twain." American Literary Scholarship 2011, no. 1 (2013): 91–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00659142-1965541.

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Gribben, Alan. "Mark Twain." American Literary Scholarship 1998, no. 1 (2000): 87–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00659142-1998-1-87.

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Gribben, A. "Mark Twain." American Literary Scholarship 1999, no. 1 (2001): 97–122. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00659142-1999-1-97.

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Gribben, A. "Mark Twain." American Literary Scholarship 2000, no. 1 (2002): 91–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00659142-2000-1-91.

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Gribben, A. "Mark Twain." American Literary Scholarship 2001, no. 1 (2003): 97–120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00659142-2001-1-97.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Mark Twain"

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Britton, Wesley A. (Wesley Alan). "Mark Twain: "Cradle Skeptic"." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1990. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc330830/.

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Critics discussing Mark Twain's early skepticism have, to date, confined their explorations to short studies (articles or book chapters), brief references in passing, or buried their insights in discussions on other topics. Other critics ignore Twain's atheistic statements and see his beliefs as theistic or deterministic. Others ascribe his attitudes in the "dark writings" to late life disappointments. This study demonstrates that Twain's later attitudes towards religion, determinism, social reform and institutions were products of his family heritage, his social environment, and his early reading. Chapter 1 introduces the major premises of the study, and Chapter 2 reviews the critical background. Chapter 3 discusses the family and hometown influences: on Twain's skeptical thought, and Chapter A discusses Twain's early literary and philosophical influences. Chapter 5 examines Twain's early writings in letters and frontier tales and sketches, showing the development of his anti-religious attitudes. Chapter 6 concludes the study.
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Ryan, Anne Lea. "Speak softly, but carry a big stick Tom Sawyer and Company's quest for linguistic power a sociolinguistic analysis of Mark Twain's The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, and Tom Sawyer Abroad /." Lynchburg, Va. : Liberty University, 2010. http://digitalcommons.liberty.edu.

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O'Conner, Michael Levine. "Mark Twain and the missionary /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 1997. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9842557.

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Jones, Andrew Cessna. "Exposing romantic folly comic performance in Mark Twain's foreign travel writing /." Lynchburg, Va. : Liberty University, 2009. http://digitalcommons.liberty.edu.

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Stoneley, Peter Nicholas. "Mark Twain and the feminine aesthetic." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.303569.

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Cordeiro, Mariana Sbaraini. "Mark Twain na "vitrine" de Lobato." Universidade Estadual de Londrina. Centro de Letras e Ciências Humanas. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Letras, 2005. http://www.bibliotecadigital.uel.br/document/?code=vtls000108455.

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Monteiro Lobato, no período compreendido entre a segunda metade da década de 10 e meados dos anos 20 do século passado, foi uma personalidade destacada no processo de formação do campo literário nacional. É possível perceber sua atuação através do resgate de sua história como escritor e seu papel no contexto editorial brasileiro o que faz surgir mais uma de suas atividades: a de tradutor. Para investigar essa atividade o presente trabalho propõe-se trazer à tona a tradução de Huck Finn feita por ele. Para tal tarefa, a análise de seu trabalho segue as propostas da Teoria da Invisibilidade formulada por Lawrence Venuti que estabelece as diferenças entre tradução domesticadora e estrangeirizadora. Venuti se coloca em defesa desta última por acreditar que ela seria a forma ideal de tradução para que o trabalho do tradutor seja "visível". Os trechos escolhidos para serem analisados são os que representam na escrita a oralidade do dialeto do negro do Missouri na fala do personagem Jim, e também as inserções de expressões coloquiais feitas pelo tradutor quando estas não apareciam na língua-cultura de partida.<br>Monteiro Lobato, in the period understood between the second half of the tens and middles of the twenties of last century, was an outstanding personality in the formation process of the national literary field. It is possible to notice his performance through the rescue of his history as writer and his role in the Brazilian editorial context. This fact was important to emphasize another Lobato's job: the translation. To investigate that activity, the present work intends to come out the book Huck Finn translated by Monteiro Lobato. The analysis of his work follows the Invisibility Theory formulated by Lawrence Venuti who establishes the differences between "domesticating" and "foreignizing" translation. Venuti defends the last one because he believes it would be the ideal form of translation so that the translator's work becomes "visible". The passages which were chosen to be analyzed are the ones where the niggers' dialect from Missouri is spoken by Jim, one of the most important character of the book. The inserts of colloquial expressions used by the translator when they didn't appear in the source language also are analyzed.
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Worthington, Leslie Harper Hitchcock Bert. "Huck Finn rides again reverberations of Mark Twain's Adventures of Huckleberry Finn in the twentieth-century novels of Cormac McCarthy /." Auburn, Ala., 2007. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/EtdRoot/2007/FALL/English/Dissertation/WORTHINGTON_LESLIE_21.pdf.

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Harper, Pamela Evans Foertsch Jacqueline. "Shared spaces the human and the animal in the works of Zora Neale Hurston, Mark Twain, and Jack London /." [Denton, Tex.] : University of North Texas, 2008. http://digital.library.unt.edu/permalink/meta-dc-9095.

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Kersten, Holger. "Von Hannibal nach Heidelberg : Mark Twain und die Deutschen : eine Studie zu literarischen und soziokulturellen Quellen eines Deutschlandbildes /." Würzburg : Königshausen & Neumann, 1993. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb391475449.

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Britton, Wesley A. (Wesley Alan). "The Atheism of Mark Twain: The Early Years." Thesis, North Texas State University, 1986. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc500523/.

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Many Twain scholars believe that his skepticism was based on personal tragedies of later years. Others find skepticism in Twain's work as early as The Innocents Abroad. This study determines that Twain's atheism is evident in his earliest writings. Chapter One examines what critics have determined Twain's religious sense to be. These contentions are discussed in light of recent publications and older, often ignored, evidence of Twain' s atheism. Chapter Two is a biographical look at Twain's literary, family, and community influences, and at events in Twain's life to show that his religious antipathy began when he was quite young. Chapter Three examines Twain's early sketches and journalistic squibs to prove that his voice, storytelling techniques, subject matter, and antipathy towards the church and other institutions are clearly manifested in his early writings.
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Books on the topic "Mark Twain"

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Middleton, Haydn. Mark Twain. Heinemann Library, 2002.

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Messent, Peter. Mark Twain. Macmillan Education UK, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-25271-8.

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Railton, Stephen, ed. Mark Twain. Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470690215.

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Aller, Susan Bivin. Mark Twain. Lerner, 2001.

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Twain, Mark. Mark Twain. Chancellor Press, 2001.

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Ward, Geoffrey C. Mark Twain. Alfred A. Knopf, 2001.

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Mendelʹson, Moris. Mark Twain. Izd-vo IKAR, 2005.

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1960-, Armentrout Patricia, ed. Mark Twain. Rourke Pub., 2004.

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Harold, Bloom, ed. Mark Twain. Chelsea House, 2009.

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J, Skarmeas Nancy, Twain Mark 1835-1910, and Ideals Publications Incorporated, eds. Mark Twain. Ideals Publications Inc., 1998.

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Book chapters on the topic "Mark Twain"

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Fluck, Winfried, and Henning Thies. "Mark Twain." In Kindler Kompakt: Reiseliteratur. J.B. Metzler, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-476-04508-9_33.

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Stoneley, Peter. "Mark Twain." In A Companion to the Literature and Culture of the American South. Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470756935.ch22.

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Fluck, Winfried. "Mark Twain." In Kindlers Literatur Lexikon (KLL). J.B. Metzler, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-476-05728-0_12073-1.

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Messent, Peter. "Keeping Both Eyes Open: ‘The Stolen White Elephant’." In Mark Twain. Macmillan Education UK, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-25271-8_1.

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Messent, Peter. "Old World Travel: The Innocents Abroad." In Mark Twain. Macmillan Education UK, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-25271-8_2.

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Messent, Peter. "Roughing It and the American West." In Mark Twain. Macmillan Education UK, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-25271-8_3.

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Messent, Peter. "Tom Sawyer and American Cultural Life: Anxieties and Accommodations." In Mark Twain. Macmillan Education UK, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-25271-8_4.

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Messent, Peter. "Racial Politics in Huckleberry Finn." In Mark Twain. Macmillan Education UK, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-25271-8_5.

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Messent, Peter. "Fantasy and A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur’s Court." In Mark Twain. Macmillan Education UK, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-25271-8_6.

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Messent, Peter. "Severed Connections: Puddn’head Wilson and Those Extraordinary Twins." In Mark Twain. Macmillan Education UK, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-25271-8_7.

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Conference papers on the topic "Mark Twain"

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Galloway, Gerald. "Mark Twain, the Mississippi, and modern river engineering." In The International Conference On Fluvial Hydraulics (River Flow 2016). CRC Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315644479-3.

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Nazaryan, Levon. "THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CHILDHOOD AND SOCIO-CULTURAL ENVIRONMENT IN MARK TWAIN'S WORKS." In The Impact of the Social Cultural Environment on Childhood: Challenges and Solutions. Armenian State Pedagogical University after Kh. Abovyan, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24234/15ln1h13.

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The article examines the issues of childhood in the socio-cultural environment in the works of Mark Twain. Marktven's approach to the issue of childhood is viewed from the point of view of the child's perception of high value, the desire to see the high value in the child, to nurture it by promoting independence.
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Idilova, Irina. "THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER IN MARK TWAIN�S BOOKS AS A RESERVOIR FOR STUDYING AMERICAN CULTURE." In 6th SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific Conferences on SOCIAL SCIENCES and ARTS Proceedings. STEF92 Technology, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgemsocial2019v/6.1/s11.016.

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Hente, Megan, Robert Pavlowsky, and Marc Owen. "INFLUENCE OF PRESCRIBED BURNING ON UPLAND SOIL PROPERTIES IN MARK TWAIN NATIONAL FOREST, SOUTHEAST MISSOURI OZARKS." In GSA Annual Meeting in Denver, Colorado, USA - 2016. Geological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2016am-277720.

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Skorokhod, Veronika. "THE INTERPLAY OF HISTORICAL EVENTS AND LITERARY REPRESENTATION: ANALYZING THE AMERICAN SOUTH IN THE WORKS OF MARGARET MITCHELL AND MARK TWAIN." In SCIENTIFIC PRACTICE: MODERN AND CLASSICAL RESEARCH METHODS. European Scientific Platform, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.36074/logos-19.07.2024.036.

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Noble, Peter G. "Lessons to be Learned from the Study of Indigenous Craft." In SNAME 13th International Conference on Fast Sea Transportation. SNAME, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/fast-2015-054.

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By looking backwards we can often discover solutions that will allow forward progress. We see in the bible the idea that history repeats itself: What has been will be again, what has been done will be done again; there is nothing new under the sun. Ecclesiastes 1:9 But the author subscribes to the idea put forward by the American humorist, Mark Twain: History doesn’t repeat itself, but sometimes it rhymes. The design and construction of water-borne craft using “scientific” methods is a relatively recent development in the context of the whole history of that activity, and is by no means universally applied even today Many traditional craft in current service still rely on the process akin to natural selection, as proposed by Darwin, that is, it is not the strongest, most intelligent nor the fittest that survive but those that best adapt. And the evolutionary process continues today. From Bangkok water taxis with “long-tail” propulsion systems, and from Haitian fishing boats with high performance new sails to whaling umiaks in NW Alaska covered with tensioned membrane skins made from walrus hide and equipped with outboard motors, there can be value in studying the design, construction and operational approaches of these craft. Such consideration can lead to insights for the modern naval architect. A number of well-researched publications (Tapan Adney, 1964) and (Haddon, 1975) give a wealth of information on indigenous craft. Sturgeon Nose Canoe USN ZUMWALT Class Destroyer. Noble Lessons to be learned from the study of indigenous craft 2 Lessons such as optimizing weight/strength ratios, minimizing resistance, utilizing materials in clever ways, developing repairable structures etc., can all be learned from the study of indigenous craft. The sense of continuity with a living past obtained by the study of the work of previous generations of designers and builders, realizing that many current problems were their problems too, is both valuable and satisfying. That said, not all examples given in this paper can be directly linked to designers actively seeking out past developments. Some examples have occurred by coincidence, some by accident and some by unwitting “reinvention of the wheel”. Many “new” ideas, however, have been tried before and it is very often possible to test a new idea against past experience. This paper builds on previous ethno-technical study, (Noble 1994) describing the author’s experience in this field and uses a number of specific examples to illustrate the premise.
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Vakhrusheva, T. I. "POST-MORTAL ESTABLISHMENT OF THE CAUSES OF INTERNAL DEATH OF DOUBLE FRUITS IN A MALE." In DIGEST OF ARTICLES ALL-RUSSIAN (NATIONAL) SCIENTIFIC AND PRACTICAL CONFERENCE "CURRENT ISSUES OF VETERINARY MEDICINE: EDUCATION, SCIENCE, PRACTICE", DEDICATED TO THE 190TH ANNIVERSARY FROM THE BIRTH OF A.P. Stepanova. Publishing house of RGAU - MSHA, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.26897/978-5-9675-1853-9-2021-31.

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The article describes a case of intrauterine death of twin fetuses in a multiple pregnancy in a mare, presents the results of postmortal diagnostics with the establishment of the causes of miscarriage, studies the picture of changes in organs and tissues, reveals cause-and-effect relationships between pathological processes and the mechanism of death.
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Anđelković, Ana, Maja Novković, Dušanka Cvijanović, Dragana Marisavljević, Danijela Šikuljak, and Snežana Radulović. "THE TWIN THREATS OF CLIMATE CHANGE AND PLANT INVASIONS IN SERBIA." In 12. JEEP INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC AGRIBUSINESS CONFERENCE, MAK 2025 – KOPAONIK. Association science and business center WORLD; Institute for plant protection and environment, Belgrade, Serbia, 2025. https://doi.org/10.46793/mak2025.294a.

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Climate change and invasive species represent two of the five major direct drivers of biodiversity loss globally. These two phenomena are inextricably linked and expected to interact in very complex ways, which are difficult to foresee with certainty. Field studies conducted over the last decade across the territory of Serbia show the spread and dominance of invasive alien plants (IAPs) in this country, particularly in its riparian and roadside habitats. Bearing these results in mind, we provide an illustrative review of perspectives for Serbia regarding the problem of IAPs spread in conditions of climate change. A number of river valleys are expected to experience added invasion pressures, resulting from the spread of IAPs via shared river corridors with our neighboring countries. Additionally, mountain regions in Serbia are predicted to experience increased temperatures, changing precipitation patterns, and anthropogenic activities that worsen ecosystem fragility, making them more susceptible to plant invasions. Although they currently face lower invasion pressures, an increase in both the number and abundance of invasive species in these areas is expected due to climate change and other factors.
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Lu, Dau-Tsuong, Ting-Ting Y. Lin, and Sing H. Lee. "Fault-tolerant switching element for the twin butterfly." In OSA Annual Meeting. Optica Publishing Group, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1992.wg5.

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We introduced the twin butterfly as a fault-tolerant low-contention multistage interconnection network at last year's annual meeting. The twin butterfly is the superposition of a randomly permuted butterfly on a regular butterfly. Fault tolerance is essential for the reliable operation of a large network, while low contention is important for its performance. In this presentation, we first consider the switching element design that will support efficient parallel testing of the twin butterfly. The compile-time testing allows computer generated holograms that will route around faulty switching elements after fabrication and overcomes system yield problems. We then show how the switching element is also designed to support off-line testing after the system is packaged. Since the modulators and detectors of the internal switching elements in a packaged system are not directly controllable and observable, off-line system testing is designed such that switching elements check each other and attempt to mask out detector failures. During reconfiguration, switching elements with modulator faults or excessive amount of detector faults will be declared faulty and removed from active operation Note that neither packet routing nor configuration requires a dedicated routing host. VHDL simulation is in progress to verify the design as well as demonstrate system operation.
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Ohtsuka, Hiroshi, Kazuyuki Kuwahara, and Toshio Onodera. "Multiple shifter arrays for repairing phase defects in conjugate twin-shifter phase-shift mask." In SPIE'S 1993 Symposium on Microlithography, edited by John D. Cuthbert. SPIE, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.150459.

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Reports on the topic "Mark Twain"

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Kingsley, Neal P., and Jay R. Law. Timber resource of the Mark Twain National Forest. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, North Central Research Station, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/nc-rb-129.

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Kerr, D. E. Reconnaissance surficial geology, Nose Lake, Nunavut-Northwest Territories, NTS 76-F. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/329666.

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The oldest regional ice flow in the Nose Lake map area is southwestward. Subsequent northwestward flow is inferred from streamlined bedrock in central and eastern regions. The final and youngest flow was southwestward in these same regions, recorded by an abundance of streamlined landforms in till blanket and bedrock. The western edge of this late active ice lobe is defined by recessional moraines, part of the Twin Jugs moraine, also marking the eastern limit of a broad band of hummocky till from downwasting ice. During deglaciation, short-lived proglacial lakes, identified by raised beaches and deltas, developed within parts of the river valleys of the Mara (420 to 410 m elevation), Hackett (445 to 395 m), and Storak (440 to 415 m). Lakes also formed west of Nose Lake (490 to 430 m elevation) and in the Contwoyto-Pellatt-Ghurka lake basins (470 to 450 m). Orientation of many eskers, associated subglacial meltwater corridors, and sheet drainage is variable, but can be perpendicular to local ice flow.
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Sanders, Suzanne, and Jessica Kirschbaum. Forest health monitoring at Mississippi National River and Recreation Area: 2022 field season. National Park Service, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2301407.

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The Mississippi National River and Recreation area (MISS), situated along a 116 km stretch of the Mississippi River through the Minneapolis and St. Paul urban corridor, encompasses ~21,800 ha of public and private land. In 2022, the Great Lakes Inventory and Monitoring Network (GLKN) resampled permanent forest monitoring sites in the park, marking the second assessment of these sites, which were established and initially sampled in 2011. The goal of this long-term monitoring project is to provides managers with routine updates on which to base management decisions; these data can also be used to tease apart impacts and elucidate causal agents when novel problems or situations arise. We initiated a comprehensive forest monitoring program at MISS in 2011, establishing 33 sites at that time. High water levels during our sampling window that year precluded sampling on many of our planned sites while on others, water levels had only recently subsided. Here, the full complement of herbs had not yet emerged. In 2022, we resampled existing sites and established additional locations, bringing the total to 50. Sampled and derived metrics included trees (density and basal area of live trees, seedlings, and snags (i.e., standing dead trees)), understory (herb and shrub frequency), browse (bite marks on woody species and presence and height of herbaceous species), and taxa richness. We classified sites into four broad forest types using the newer (2022) dataset, resulting in two upland types (upland rich, upland disturbed) and two floodplain types (box elder-dominated and silver maple-dominated). Because of sampling difficulties in 2011, we are only comparing tree, sapling, and snag data between years. At upland rich sites, overall tree (? 2.5 cm diameter at breast height [DBH]) density declined 22%, while that for just the small sapling component (? 2.5 cm, &lt; 5 cm DBH) fell 41%. Species experiencing notable losses include basswood (Tilia americana L.), elm (Ulmus L.), bitternut hickory (Carya cordiformis (Wangenh.) K. Koch), and red oak (Quercus rubra L.). All three resampled sites are located in Spring Lake Park Reserve and subjected to high white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus Zimm.) browse pressure. We sampled seven sites in upland disturbed forests, where overall tree density fell 17% from 778 ? 215 trees/ha to 648 ? 72 trees/ha, largely due to declines in elm, ash (Fraxinus sp. L.), and hackberry (Celtis occidentalis L.). While changes in black cherry (Prunus serotina Ehrh.) mirrored this pattern in diameter classes above 5 cm, density of saplings increased 12-fold, largely due to a swamping effect from one site, possibly in response to buckthorn (Rhamnus cathartica L.) removal. In the nine box elder-dominated sites, overall tree density declined from 635 ? 47 in 2011 to 500 ? 58 trees/ha in 2022, mainly reflecting changes in box elder (Acer negundo L.), elm, and silver maple (Acer saccharinum L.). In these sites, density of large (? 30 cm DBH) snags increased from 2.5 ? 1.6 to 11.1 ? 4.4 snags/ha. In silver maple-dominated floodplain forests, tree density in the 12 sites fell from 421 ? 63 to 291 ? 23 trees/ha, with declines observed in all five dominant species. Sapling density was low in these sites, falling from 62.6 ? 36 in 2011 to 23.6 ? 11 saplings/ha in 2022. Our observations likely reflect both deer browse and alteration of the flow regime by river impoundment. At upland sites, deer browse is impeding regeneration of all major upland species: red oak, bitternut hickory, basswood, and elm. While browse is also occurring in floodplain sites, prolonged inundation may play a larger role in regeneration failure here. Saplings of silver maple, box elder, cottonwood, elm, and hackberry all have some degree of susceptibility to inundation, ranging from moderate tolerance to completely intolerant. The Mississippi River experienced flooding in 2014, 2017, and again in 2019 when flood stage was exceeded for a record number of days in St. Paul. Sapling decline at floodplain sites is likely a direct result of this. Forest management within the park should focus both on invasive species control and floodplain reforestation. Several sites with heavy invasive weed species are in areas where leveraging local volunteers for removal projects may be possible. Floodplain reforestation requires a dual approach of research and active management. Research is needed to determine preferred propagule types and planting stock, as well as the most effective ways to control invasives, especially reed canarygrass (Phalaris arundinacea L.). Active floodplain reforestation can alleviate many of the issues we found here, although this is expensive, limited in scope, and carries with it a great deal of uncertainty. Nonetheless, projects undertaken at a small scale can provide lessons to managers, based on which aspects were successful and which were not. Many of the park forests at MISS are nearing an inflection point and are at risk of becoming irreversibly altered if countermeasures are not undertaken in the near future. At this point, steps taken to promote ecosystem integrity are likely to be less costly and more effective than those which may be needed after further ecosystem decline. The river system through the Twin Cities metro area provides numerous services, both ecological and otherwise. As the need to act is becoming a pressing issue, it is incumbent on land managers to recognize this, and address it.
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4

Seasonal ground-water level changes (1990-93) and flow patterns in the Fristoe unit of the Mark Twain National Forest, southern Missouri. US Geological Survey, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/wri954096.

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5

Depositional environment, stratigraphy, and vertical hydraulic conductivity of the St Francois confining unit in the Fristoe Unit of the Mark Twain National Forest, Missouri. US Geological Survey, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/wri004037.

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