Journal articles: 'Marker-assisted backcross breeding'

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Visscher, Peter M., Chris S. Haley, and Robin Thompson. "Marker-Assisted Introgression in Backcross Breeding Programs." Genetics 144, no. 4 (December 1, 1996): 1923–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/144.4.1923.

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The efficiency of marker-assisted introgression in backcross populations derived from inbred lines was investigated by simulation. Background genotypes were simulated assuming that a genetic model of many genes of small effects in coupling phase explains the observed breed difference and variance in backcross populations. Markers were efficient in introgression backcross programs for simultaneously introgressing an allele and selecting for the desired genomic background. Using a marker spacing of 10–20 cM gave an advantage of one to two backcross generations selection relative to random or phenotypic selection. When the position of the gene to be introgressed is uncertain, for example because its position was estimated from a trait gene mapping experiment, a chromosome segment should be introgressed that is likely to include the allele of interest. Even for relatively precisely mapped quantitative trait loci, flanking markers or marker haplotypes should cover ∼10–20 cM around the estimated position of the gene, to ensure that the allele frequency does not decline in later backcross generations.

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Singh, Anupama, Jai Prakash Jaiswal, and Saurabh Badoni. "Enhancing rust resistance in wheat through marker assisted backcross breeding." Indian Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding (The) 78, no. 1 (2017): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/0975-6906.2018.00003.2.

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Kostadinović, Marija, Ana Nikolić, Danijela Ristić, Sofija Božinović, Olivera Đorđević-Melnik, Dragana Ignjatović-Micić, and Jelena Vančetović. "Marker assisted backcross breeding in Maize Research Institute Zemun Polje." Selekcija i semenarstvo 25, no. 1 (2019): 41–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/selsem1901041k.

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Boopalakrishnan, G., Sridhar Jayavel, Tusar Kanti Behera, Anilabha Das Munshi, Shilpi Kumari, and Sachin Kumar. "Deriving tropical gynoecious inbred backcross lines from exotic pickling cucumber using marker assisted backcross breeding." Scientia Horticulturae 288 (October 2021): 110320. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2021.110320.

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Geetha, S., A. Vasuki, P. Jagadeesh Selvam, R. Saraswathi, S. L. Krishnamurthy, Palanichamy, Manikandan, M. Dhasarathan, G. Thamodharan, and M. Baskar. "Development of sodicity tolerant rice varieties through marker assisted backcross breeding." Electronic Journal of Plant Breeding 8, no. 4 (2017): 1013. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/0975-928x.2017.00151.x.

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Mallick, Niharika, Vinod, J. B. Sharma, R. S. Tomar, M. Sivasamy, and K. V. Prabhu. "Marker-assisted backcross breeding to combine multiple rust resistance in wheat." Plant Breeding 134, no. 2 (January 16, 2015): 172–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/pbr.12242.

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Hifzur, Rahman, Dakshinamurthi Vijayalakshmi, Ramasamy Sasikala, Manickam Sudha, Kaliyaperumal Ashok Kumar, Raha Suchismita, Panneerselvam Naresh, et al. "Introgression of submergence tolerance into CO 43, a popular rice variety of India, through marker-assisted backcross breeding." Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding 54, No. 3 (September 5, 2018): 101–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/149/2017-cjgpb.

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Submergence is a major threat in rice growing areas of South and South-East Asia. Identification of a major QTL, Sub1 and advancements in marker-assisted backcrossing strategy enabled breeders to develop submergence tolerant versions of popular rice cultivars. In the present study, a marker-assisted backcross breeding (MABB) approach was used to introgress the Sub1 locus from the tolerant FR13A variety into CO 43, one of the popular rice varieties of southern India. Evaluation of early generation segregating progenies derived from the cross of CO 43 and FR13A revealed the introgression of Sub1, leading to increased tolerance to submergence and better revival ability after it. Genotyping and phenotyping of BC<sub>3</sub>F<sub>3</sub> generation resulted in elite NILs of CO 43 harbouring Sub1 the locus and possessing 94.37% and 95.78% of the recurrent parental CO 43 genome. Selected NILs performed equal as the recurrent parent CO 43 under normal conditions, but were more tolerant to submergence and revived better, afterwards. Under flooding NILs yielded about 25–30% higher than the recurrent parent CO 43.

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Gazal, Asima, Z. A. Dar, A. A. Lone, I. Abidi, and G. Ali. "Molecular breeding for resilience in maize - A review." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 7, no. 2 (December 1, 2015): 1057–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v7i2.731.

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Abiotic and biotic constraints have widespread yield reducing effects on maize and should receive high priority for maize breeding research. Molecular Breeding offers opportunities for plant breeders to develop cultivars with resilience to such diseases with precision and in less time duration. The term molecular breeding is used to describe several modern breeding strategies, including marker-assisted selection, marker-assisted backcrossing, marker-assisted recurrent selection and genomic selection. Recent advances in maize breeding research have made it possible to identify and map precisely many genes associated with DNA markers which include genes governing resistance to biotic stresses and genes responsible for tolerance to abiotic stresses. Marker assisted selection (MAS) allows monitoring the presence, absence of these genes in breeding populations whereas marker assisted backcross breeding effectively integrates major genes or quantitative trait loci (QTL) with large effect into widely grown adapted varieties. For complex traits where multiple QTLs control the expression, marker assisted recurrent selection (MARS) and genomic selection (GS) are employed to increase precision and to reduce cost of phenotyping and time duration. The biparental mapping populations used in QTL studies in MAS do not readily translate to breeding applications and the statistical methods used to identify target loci and implement MAS have been inadequate for improving polygenic traits controlled by many loci of small effect. Application of GS to breeding populations using high marker densities is emerging as a solution to both of these deficiencies. Hence, molecular breeding approaches offers ample opportunities for developing stress resilient and high-yielding maize cultivars.

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Dubina, Elena, Pavel Kostylev, Sergey Garkusha, Margarita Ruban, and Dmitry Pischenko. "Marker assisted rice breeding for resistance to biotic and abiotic stressors." BIO Web of Conferences 21 (2020): 00012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20202100012.

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Due to the fact that blast (causative agent – Pyricularia oryzae Cav.) is considered to be one of the harmful diseases of rice around the world, weeds compete with the crop for light, mineral nutrition and space, the accelerated development of resistant genotypes for these stressors is very relevant. The use of modern biotechnological approaches (molecular marking) is promising and especially in demand in breeding rice varieties of a new generation. This article presents the results on the introduction and pyramiding in the same genotype blast resistance genes Pi-1, Pi-2, Pi-33, Pi-ta, Pi-b, Pi-40 and the gene for tolerance to prolonged flooding Sub 1A, as a weed control factor, based on domestic rice varieties Flagman, Snezhinka, Novator, Boyarin, as well as large-grain lines, with a short growing season VNIIR5242, KP-25-14, KP-163 and VNIIR9678. As a result of the volumetric work using marker control of target genes in the genotypes of hybrid plants, 4 modern varietal samples and more than 400 backcross self-pollinated rice lines with introduced and pyramided blast resistance genes, as well as backcross self-pollinated lines with Pi and Sub1A genes, were obtained. These plants are adapted for cultivation in the south of Russia, have a duration of 115-117 days, a height of 87-100 cm, a mass of 1000 grains – 30 or more grams, a yield of 8.5 – 11 t/ha, which is significantly higher than that of the standard variety Flagman.

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Grube, R. C., Y. Zhang, B. Huang, and M. M. Kyle. "Phenotypic and Marker-assisted Breeding of Capsicum for Cucumber Mosaic Virus Resistance." HortScience 31, no. 4 (August 1996): 595c—595. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.31.4.595c.

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Resistance to cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) in Capsicum from two sources is being transferred into three commercial types (bell, jalapeno, and Anaheim) using a backcross breeding scheme. We have optimized our CMV seedling screening protocol, which involves multiple inoculations beginning at the cotyledon stage with a severe CMV serogroup I isolate. Both sources of resistance, C. annuum `French Perennial' and a C. frutescens accession (BG2814-6), exhibit oligogenic recessive inheritance and share some but not all resistance alleles. Selection for type in the BCF1 generation had no effect on the frequency of resistant individuals in the BCF2 generation. We have determined that it is necessary to self-pollinate every other backcross generation to screen for resistance. Occasionally disease symptoms appear in adult plants that were initially resistant to multiple inoculations at the seedling stage, and we are investigating the correlation between seedling resistance and adult plant resistance. We are also exploring the extent to which the different sources of resistance behave differently as a function of genetic background. Additionally, we are mapping quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for CMV resistance in pepper with the goal of converting RFLP and/or RAPD markers into PCR-based markers to facilitate molecular marker-assisted selection for CMV resistance.

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Mohapatra, Shibani, Akshaya Kumar Bastia, Alok Kumar Panda, and Sharat Kumar Pradhan. "Marker-assisted selection for transfer of submergence tolerance, bacterial blight resistance and yield enhancement in the rice backcross derivatives." AUGUST 2020, no. 14(08):2020 (August 20, 2020): 1288–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.20.14.08.p2518.

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Achieving the demand and supply of rice for the increasing global population will be a challenging task beyond 2040. Therefore, the yield potential of popular rice varieties needs to be increased. The production from lowland rice can be enhanced by managing the major biotic and abiotic stresses faced in the ecology. In this work, we have developed the pipelines for gene stacking of submergence tolerance, bacterial blight resistance and yield component QTLs in the popular rice variety ‘Swarna’ by marker-assisted backcross breeding approach. Genotyping results of 796 BC1F1 backcross derived lines showed the presence of GW2, OsSPL14, SCM2 yield component QTLs, Sub1A for submergence tolerance and bacterial blight resistance genes xa5 and Xa21 in the progenies. The four stacked QTLs and two resistance genes were observed in six backcrosses derived progenies only. These progenies will be used in the next generation for further selection and evaluation for enhancing submergence tolerance, yield potential and bacterial blight resistance in Swarna rice variety background.

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Tripathy, Swapan K., Devraj Lenka, Dinesh Manohar Ithape, and Manasmita Maharana. "Development of opaque - 2 introgression line in maize using marker assisted backcross breeding." Plant Gene 10 (June 2017): 26–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.plgene.2017.03.005.

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Shah, L., A. Ali, Y. Zhu, S. Wang, H. Si, and C. Ma. "Wheat resistance to Fusarium head blight and possibilities of its improvement using molecular marker-assisted selection." Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding 53, No. 2 (May 16, 2017): 47–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/139/2016-cjgpb.

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Wheat, one of the world’s major crops, is seriously affected by fungal diseases, especially in regions with high moisture and moderately warm temperatures. This paper reviews various molecular and conventional techniques that are used to identify genotypes with resistance alleles associated with Fusarium head blight (FHB) diseases. Quantitative trait loci (QTL) type II, designated as Fhb1, are frequently applied in plant breeding, and the newly recognized genes related to resistance to this fungal disease give extra insights into marker-assisted selection (MAS). Molecular markers are robust tools that may be routinely used in MAS for the mapping of resistance genes in crop breeding. FHB resistance is polygenic, and different resistance genes could be conveyed into a single genotype by MAS, which might ensure greater resistance to FHB disease. In conclusion, different researchers have used various techniques to control FHB resistance, such as MAS, gene pyramiding (through backcross), and molecular markers (association with resistance QTLs or genes).

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Fatimah, Fatimah, Joko Prasetiyono, Kurniawan Rudi Trijatmiko, and Sustiprijatno Sustiprijatno. "Molecular Evaluation for Drought Tolerant Using Marker Assisted Breeding Method." ANNALES BOGORIENSES 22, no. 2 (December 31, 2018): 94. http://dx.doi.org/10.14203/ann.bogor.2018.v22.n2.94-100.

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The sustainability and increasing the national rice production require the readiness of food and agriculture sector cope with the impacts of climate change, land degradation, drought area, sloping production and the raising of population growth. Adaptation plays an important role in ensuring the sustainability of food security. This research aimed to develop drought-tolerant variety of Inpari 30 (submergence tolerance variety) and Situ Bagendit through marker-assisted backcrossing-through pyramiding gene of identified QTLs for foreground selection and to explore SSRs and 6K SNPs for background selection distributed in 12 rice chromosome of drought tolerant donor (Cabacu) and recipient rice (Inpari 30 and Situ Bagendit). The foreground selection revealed that flanking SSRs of each QTLs (qRPF2.1, qGPP2.1, qSPP4.1 and Sub1) was less than 2 cM. The background selection through polymorphic survey of Rice 6K SNP primers revealed 2457 (53,3%) polymorphic SNPs on Inpari 30 vs Cabacu and 2563 (55,6%) polymorphic SNPs on Situ Bagendit vs Cabacu with the average distance about 0.74 cM/chromosome. The genotypic selection of F1 Inpari 30/Cabacu and F1 Situ Bagendit/Cabacu have already in heterozygote condition for these 4 QTLs target. These lines was continued for backcross breeding to develop BC1F1 Inpari 30/Cabacu and BC1F1 Situ Bagendit/Cabacu generation.

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Srichant, Nawaporn, Sompong Chankaew, Tidarat Monkham, Petcharat Thammabenjapone, and Jirawat Sanitchon. "Development of Sakon Nakhon Rice Variety for Blast Resistance through Marker Assisted Backcross Breeding." Agronomy 9, no. 2 (February 1, 2019): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy9020067.

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The Sakon Nakhon (SKN) rice cultivar is non-photosensitive, rich in aroma, and an excellent choice for cooking quality; which adapts well to both upland and lowland conditions. Furthermore, it has been adopted by Thailand’s sugarcane growers, as it has proved fit for an upland crop preceding the sugarcane cropping system. However, SKN is very susceptible to blast disease caused by Pyricularia oryzae. The purpose of this study was to breed SKN for blast resistance, using marker-assisted backcrossing, together with phenotypic selection. The breeding population was constructed by crossing the SKN (recurrent) with the RD6 introgression line (donor), which contained four blast resistant quantitative trait loci (QTLs). Franking microsatellite markers for blast resistance QTLs on chromosomes 1, 2, 11 and 12 were used for selection through BC2F2. Thirteen BC2F3 selected lines were evaluated under greenhouse conditions, and seven lines of BC2F4 were evaluated against blast, along with their agronomic traits, under field conditions (upland and lowland). SKN 39-10-19-29-12 and SKN 39-10-19-29-13 presented high resistance to leaf and neck blast; and were non-photosensitive, with the same agronomic traits as the SKN. This study successfully demonstrates the improvement of the recommended SKN variety blast resistance, while maintaining similar agronomic traits.

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Khan, Mohd Kamran, Anamika Pandey, Mehmet Hamurcu, Sait Gezgin, Ali Topal, Ahmet Tamkoc, Necdet Akgun, and Erdogan Esref Hakki. "Introgression of salt tolerance genes in Turkish wheat genotypes using marker-assisted backcross breeding." Journal of Biotechnology 280 (August 2018): S29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiotec.2018.06.091.

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Yi, Myint, Khin Than Nwe, Apichart Vanavichit, Witith Chai-arree, and Theerayut Toojinda. "Marker assisted backcross breeding to improve cooking quality traits in Myanmar rice cultivar Manawthukha." Field Crops Research 113, no. 2 (August 2009): 178–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2009.05.006.

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Chukwu, Samuel Chibuike, Mohd Y. Rafii, Shairul Izan Ramlee, Siti Izera Ismail, Yusuff Oladosu, Isma’ila Muhammad, Ibrahim Musa, Muideen Ahmed, Muhammed Itopa Jatto, and Bashir Rini Yusuf. "Recovery of Recurrent Parent Genome in a Marker-Assisted Backcrossing Against Rice Blast and Blight Infections Using Functional Markers and SSRs." Plants 9, no. 11 (October 22, 2020): 1411. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants9111411.

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The most vital aspect of marker-assisted backcross breeding is the recurrent parent genome recovery. This enables the selection of only parents with recovered recipient/recurrent parent genome in addition to the targeted genes. The recurrent parent genome recovery (RPGR) ensures that non-desirable genomic segments are removed while the gene of interest is sustained in the recombined progenies without further segregations. This work was aimed at quantifying the RPGR of backcross populations with introgression of bacterial leaf blight resistance genes. Putra-1, a Malaysian elite variety, high yielding with inherent resistance to blast but susceptible to bacterial leaf blight (BLB), was crossed with IRBB60 which is resistant to BLB disease. The IRBB60 has four Xoo resistance genes—Xa4, xa5, xa13 and Xa21. Tightly linked polymorphic functional and SSR markers were used for foreground selection at every stage of backcrossing to select progenies with introgressed target genes. Background selection was done to quantify the percentage of RPGR in the selected lines using 79 confirmed polymorphic microsatellites. Result obtained showed that the percentage of RPGR was 80.11% at BC1F1, 95.30% at BC2F1 and 95.9% at BC2F2. The introgression of Xa4, xa5, xa13 and Xa21 Xoo resistance genes were faster through the adopted marker-assisted backcross breeding compared to what could be obtained through conventional breeding. All the 16 selected lines displayed resistance to BLB with three lines showing high resistance to the disease. The blast resistance contained in the genetic background of Putra-1 was also sustained in all the selected lines. The newly developed lines were recommended as new rice varieties for commercial cultivation.

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Foolad, Majid R., Arun Sharma, Hamid Ashrafi, and Guoyang Lin. "Genetics and Breeding of Early Blight Resistance in Tomato." HortScience 40, no. 4 (July 2005): 1114C—1114. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.40.4.1114c.

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Early blight (EB), caused by the fungus Alternaria solani, is a destructive disease of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) worldwide. Sources of genetic resistance have been identified within related wild species, including green-fruited L. hirsutum and red-fruited L. pimpinellifolium. We have employed traditional protocols of plant breeding and contemporary molecular markers technology to discern the genetic basis of EB resistance and develop tomatoes with improved resistance. Backcross breeding has resulted in the development of germplasm with improved resistance; however, linkage drag has been a major obstacle when using L. hirsutum as a donor parent. To identify and map QTLs for EB resistance, we used several filial and backcross populations derived from interspecific crosses between L. esculentum and either L. hirsutum or L. pimpinellifolium. In each population, an average of seven resistance QTLs were detected. While similar QTLs were detected in different generations of the same cross, generally different QTLs were identified in populations derived from different crosses. The results suggested stability of QTLs across environments and generations but variation in QTLs in different interspecific populations. It is expected that marker-assisted pyramiding of QTLs from different sources results in development of germplasm with strong and durable resistance. Further inspection of the results led to the identification and selection of six QTLs with stable and independent effects for use in marker–assisted selection (MAS). However, to facilitate “clean” transfer and pyramiding of these QTLs, near-isogenic lines (NILs) containing individual QTLs in a L. esculentum background should be developed.

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Pradhan, Sharat Kumar, Deepak Kumar Nayak, Elssa Pandit, Lambodar Behera, Annamalai Anandan, Arup Kumar Mukherjee, Srikanta Lenka, and Durga Prasad Barik. "Incorporation of Bacterial Blight Resistance Genes Into Lowland Rice Cultivar Through Marker-Assisted Backcross Breeding." Phytopathology® 106, no. 7 (July 2016): 710–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-09-15-0226-r.

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Bacterial blight (BB) of rice caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae is a major disease of rice in many rice growing countries. Pyramided lines carrying two BB resistance gene combinations (Xa21+xa13 and Xa21+xa5) were developed in a lowland cultivar Jalmagna background through backcross breeding by integrating molecular markers. In each backcross generation, markers closely linked to the disease resistance genes were used to select plants possessing the target genes. Background selection was continued in those plants carrying resistant genes until BC3 generation. Plants having the maximum contribution from the recurrent parent genome were selected in each generation and hybridized with the recipient parent. The BB-pyramided line having the maximum recipient parent genome recovery of 95% was selected among BC3F1 plants and selfed to isolate homozygous BC3F2 plants with different combinations of BB resistance genes. Twenty pyramided lines with two resistance gene combinations exhibited high levels of tolerance against the BB pathogen. In order to confirm the resistance, the pyramided lines were inoculated with different X. oryzae pv. oryzae strains of Odisha for bioassay. The genotypes with combination of two BB resistance genes conferred high levels of resistance to the predominant X. oryzae pv. oryzae isolates prevalent in the region. The pyramided lines showed similarity with the recipient parent with respect to major agro-morphologic traits.

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Bernatzky, Robert, and David L. Mulcahy. "Marker-aided selection in a backcross breeding program for resistance to chestnut blight in the American chestnut." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 22, no. 7 (July 1, 1992): 1031–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x92-137.

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Marker-assisted selection in backcross breeding is discussed in general and with specific reference to obtaining resistance to chestnut blight in American chestnut (Castaneadentata (Marsh.) Borkh.). Resistance from Chinese chestnut (Castaneamollissima Blume) is thought to be controlled by two unlinked codominant genes. Hybrids and backcross generations are available that would allow (i) the identification of DNA markers that linked to the resistance and (ii) the development of a genetic linkage map for the genome. These markers are codominant. Markers that are linked to the resistance genes would permit detection of the different genetic classes of resistance that may have similar phenotypes. Linked markers also provide the ability to identify individuals with a maximum amount of recombination surrounding the resistance loci thereby eliminating unwanted linked donor genetic material. Having molecular markers scattered throughout the genome would allow general selection against the background donor genome. This can reduce the number of backcross generations required to obtain individuals with the phenotype of C. dentata but with the blight resistance of C. mollissima. Methods are presented for the development of a set of random genomic markers.

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Kamal, Nasrein Mohamed, Yasir Serag Alnor Gorafi, Hanan Abdeltwab, Ishtiag Abdalla, Hisashi Tsujimoto, and Abdelbagi Mukhtar Ali Ghanim. "A New Breeding Strategy towards Introgression and Characterization of Stay-Green QTL for Drought Tolerance in Sorghum." Agriculture 11, no. 7 (June 28, 2021): 598. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11070598.

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Several marker-assisted selection (MAS) or backcrossing (MAB) approaches exist for polygenic trait improvement. However, the implementation of MAB remains a challenge in many breeding programs, especially in the public sector. In MAB introgression programs, which usually do not include phenotypic selection, undesired donor traits may unexpectedly turn up regardless of how expensive and theoretically powerful a backcross scheme may be. Therefore, combining genotyping and phenotyping during selection will improve understanding of QTL interactions with the environment, especially for minor alleles that maximize the phenotypic expression of the traits. Here, we describe the introgression of stay-green QTL (Stg1–Stg4) from B35 into two sorghum backgrounds through an MAB that combines genotypic and phenotypic (C-MAB) selection during early backcross cycles. The background selection step is excluded. Since it is necessary to decrease further the cost associated with molecular marker assays, the costs of C-MAB were estimated. Lines with stay-green trait and good performance were identified at an early backcross generation, backcross two (BC2). Developed BC2F4 lines were evaluated under irrigated and drought as well as three rainfed environments varied in drought timing and severity. Under drought conditions, the mean grain yield of the most C-MAB-introgression lines was consistently higher than that of the recurrent parents. This study is one of the real applications of the successful use of C-MAB for the development of drought-tolerant sorghum lines for drought-prone areas.

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Lachyan, T. S., V. G. Jayalekshmy, and Swapna Alex. "SSR Polymorphism Survey between CRMS31A and Aruna (MO8) for Marker Assisted Backcross Breeding in Rice." International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 8, no. 11 (November 10, 2019): 2555–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2019.811.295.

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Lee, Jong-Hee, Ji-Yoon Lee, Young-Nam Yoon, Sang-Yeol Kim, Yeon-Jae Hur, Un-Sang Yeo, Young-Bo Sohn, et al. "Enhancement of Panicle Blast Resistance in Korean Rice Cultivar ‘Saeilmi’ by Marker Assisted Backcross Breeding." Plant Breeding and Biotechnology 3, no. 1 (March 30, 2015): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.9787/pbb.2015.3.1.001.

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Fatimah, Fatimah, Joko Prasetiyono, Ahmad Dadang, and Tasliah Tasliah. "IMPROVEMENT OF EARLY MATURITY IN RICE VARIETY BY MARKER ASSISTED BACKCROSS BREEDING OF Hd2 GENE." Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science 15, no. 2 (October 13, 2014): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/ijas.v15n2.2014.55-64.

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Early-maturing and high-yielding rice variety is very useful for increasing rice production in Indonesia. The aim of this research was to develop new lines of Indonesian rice containing Hd2 gene using Code variety as a recipient parent and Nipponbare variety as a donor parent through targetted MAB approach using RM1362 and RM7601 in chromosom 7 for foreground selection. After two generations of backcrossing, the positive alleles of Hd2 gene from Nipponbare had successfully trans-ferred into Code. The plant number CdNp_29 in BC2F2 popula-tion had the highest genome recovery of 82.7%. The twelve BC2F3 plants were selected for self-pollination to generate BC2F4. These selected lines that carried the Hd2 gene were screened in the greenhouse for the evaluation of heading date and agronomic traits. All improved lines had Hd2 gene similar to the donor parent Nipponbare. The heading date of the breeding lines ranged from 73 to 89 days (Code 85 days) or fill the third criterion of rice maturity that is 103-104 days compared to Code of 116-119 days, whereas their agronomic performances were similar with that of Code. Application of MABc for im-proving rice early maturity has accelerated the development and selection in early generation of superior lines having genetic background of Code. It is expected that the newly developed lines of Code will be utilized to increase rice production in Indonesia.

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Fatimah, Fatimah, Joko Prasetiyono, Ahmad Dadang, and Tasliah Tasliah. "IMPROVEMENT OF EARLY MATURITY IN RICE VARIETY BY MARKER ASSISTED BACKCROSS BREEDING OF Hd2 GENE." Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science 15, no. 2 (October 13, 2014): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/ijas.v15n2.2014.p55-64.

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Early-maturing and high-yielding rice variety is very useful for increasing rice production in Indonesia. The aim of this research was to develop new lines of Indonesian rice containing Hd2 gene using Code variety as a recipient parent and Nipponbare variety as a donor parent through targetted MAB approach using RM1362 and RM7601 in chromosom 7 for foreground selection. After two generations of backcrossing, the positive alleles of Hd2 gene from Nipponbare had successfully trans-ferred into Code. The plant number CdNp_29 in BC2F2 popula-tion had the highest genome recovery of 82.7%. The twelve BC2F3 plants were selected for self-pollination to generate BC2F4. These selected lines that carried the Hd2 gene were screened in the greenhouse for the evaluation of heading date and agronomic traits. All improved lines had Hd2 gene similar to the donor parent Nipponbare. The heading date of the breeding lines ranged from 73 to 89 days (Code 85 days) or fill the third criterion of rice maturity that is 103-104 days compared to Code of 116-119 days, whereas their agronomic performances were similar with that of Code. Application of MABc for im-proving rice early maturity has accelerated the development and selection in early generation of superior lines having genetic background of Code. It is expected that the newly developed lines of Code will be utilized to increase rice production in Indonesia.

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Shetti, Prashant, Deepti B. Sagare, M. Surender, and S. S. Reddy. "Development of lysine and tryptophan rich maize (Zea mays) inbreds employing marker assisted backcross breeding." Plant Gene 23 (September 2020): 100236. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.plgene.2020.100236.

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Frisch, Matthias, and Albrecht E. Melchinger. "The Length of the Intact Donor Chromosome Segment Around a Target Gene in Marker-Assisted Backcrossing." Genetics 157, no. 3 (March 1, 2001): 1343–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/157.3.1343.

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Abstract Recurrent backcrossing is an established procedure to transfer target genes from a donor into the genetic background of a recipient genotype. By assessing the parental origin of alleles at markers flanking the target locus one can select individuals with a short intact donor chromosome segment around the target gene and thus reduce the linkage drag. We investigated the probability distribution of the length of the intact donor chromosome segment around the target gene in recurrent backcrossing with selection for heterozygosity at the target locus and homozygosity for the recurrent parent allele at flanking markers for a diploid species. Assuming no interference in crossover formation, we derived the cumulative density function, probability density function, expected value, and variance of the length of the intact chromosome segment for the following cases: (1) backcross generations prior to detection of a recombinant individual between the target gene and the flanking marker; (2) the backcross generation in which for the first time a recombinant individual is detected, which is selected for further backcrossing; and (3) subsequent backcross generations after selection of a recombinant. Examples are given of how these results can be applied to investigate the efficiency of marker-assisted backcrossing for reducing the length of the intact donor chromosome segment around the target gene under various situations relevant in breeding and genetic research.

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Triano, Steven R., and Dina A. St. Clair. "465 PB 324 QTL MAPPING AND MARKER-ASSISTED SELECTIONUSING INDEPENDENTLY GENERATED INBRED BACKCROSS TOMATO POPULATIONS." HortScience 29, no. 5 (May 1994): 497g—498. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.29.5.497g.

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The inbred backcross (IBC) breeding method is being used to introgress genes controlling high fruit soluble solids from a wild tomato species (Lycopersicon cheesmanii f. minor) into a California processing tomato cultivar (Lycopersicon esculentum cv. UC204B). One IBC tomato population (i.e. P1: 106 lines) is being used to map quantitative trail loci (QTL) for soluble solids and other traits. A genetically related but independently generated IBC population (i.e. P2: 96 lines) is being used to lest the efficiency of QTL-linked RPLPs for indirect marker-assisted selection (MAS) to improve soluble solids. P1 was analyzed for fruit quality traits in a replicated field design over 2 years. Twelve P1 lines were significantly greater than UC204B for soluble solids and also had acceptable fruit weights and horticultural traits. All twelve lines have been publicly released for further breeding efforts. In P1. we have identified RPLP markers that have significant correlations to QTL. Some of these markers map to regions previously reported by other researchers to contain QTL for the same traits. We will use 70-80 markers spaced approximately 10-20 cM apart across the genome to screen PI and map QTL. The RPLP analyses are currently in progress. P2 was replicated for one year using the same field design as P1. and analyzed for the same traits. P2 will be screened with QTL-linked RFLPs identified in P1 to test the consistency of QTL locations between independently derived populations. P2 lines selected using RFLP data will be compared to P2 lines identified by classical selection indices. This will indicate if MAS for QTL is effective in a population (P2) genetically independent from the mapping population (P1).

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Raghvendra, P., and S. Hittalmani. "Novel male sterile line development through marker-assisted backcross breeding suitable for aerobic planting in rice." Journal of Environmental Biology 39, no. 3 (May 1, 2018): 277–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.22438/jeb/39/3/mrn-525.

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Bharathkumar, S., R. S. David Paulraj, P. V. Brindha, S. Kavitha, and S. S. Gnanamanickam. "Improvement of Bacterial Blight Resistance in Rice Cultivars Jyothi and IR50 via Marker-Assisted Backcross Breeding." Journal of Crop Improvement 21, no. 1 (January 8, 2008): 101–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j411v21n01_07.

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Divya, Balakrishnan, S. Robin, R. Rabindran, S. Senthil, M. Raveendran, and A. John Joel. "Marker assisted backcross breeding approach to improve blast resistance in Indian rice (Oryza sativa) variety ADT43." Euphytica 200, no. 1 (May 27, 2014): 61–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10681-014-1146-9.

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Kim, Me-Sun, Ju-Young Yang, Ju-Kyung Yu, Yi Lee, Yong-Jin Park, Kwon-Kyoo Kang, and Yong-Gu Cho. "Breeding of High Cooking and Eating Quality in Rice by Marker-Assisted Backcrossing (MABc) Using KASP Markers." Plants 10, no. 4 (April 19, 2021): 804. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10040804.

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The primary goals of rice breeding programs are grain quality and yield potential improvement. With the high demand for rice varieties of premium cooking and eating quality, we developed low-amylose content breeding lines crossed with Samgwang and Milkyqueen through the marker-assisted backcross (MABc) breeding program. Trait markers of the SSIIIa gene referring to low-amylose content were identified through an SNP mapping activity, and the markers were applied to select favorable lines for a foreground selection. To rapidly recover the genetic background of Samgwang (recurrent parent genome, RPG), 386 genome-wide markers were used to select BC1F1 and BC2F1 individuals. Seven BC2F1 lines with targeted traits were selected, and the genetic background recovery range varied within 97.4–99.1% of RPG. The amylose content of the selected BC2F2 grains ranged from 12.4–16.8%. We demonstrated the MABc using a trait and genome-wide markers, allowing us to efficiently select lines of a target trait and reduce the breeding cycle effectively. In addition, the BC2F2 lines confirmed by molecular markers in this study can be utilized as parental lines for subsequent breeding programs of high-quality rice for cooking and eating.

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Pandit, Elssa, Swapnil Pawar, Saumya Ranjan Barik, Shakti Prakash Mohanty, Jitendriya Meher, and Sharat Kumar Pradhan. "Marker-Assisted Backcross Breeding for Improvement of Submergence Tolerance and Grain Yield in the Popular Rice Variety ‘Maudamani’." Agronomy 11, no. 7 (June 22, 2021): 1263. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11071263.

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Submergence stress due to flash floods reduces rice yield drastically in sensitive varieties. Maudamani is a high yielding popular rice variety but is highly susceptible to submergence stress. The selection of progenies carrying Sub1 and GW5 (wide-grain) enhanced the submergence stress tolerance and grain yield of theMaudamani variety by following the marker-assisted backcross breeding method. Foreground screening detected 14 BC1F1, 17 BC2F1, and 12 BC3F1 backcross progenies that carried the target QTLs for submergence tolerance and grain width. Background screening was performed in the progenies carrying the target QTL and enhanced the recovery of a recipient parent’s genome by upto 96.875% in the BC3 pyramided line. The BC3F1 plant containing the highest recipient parent genome content and the target QTLs was self-pollinated. In BC3F2 generation, the target QTLs the Sub1 and GW5 (wide-grain) alleles and recipient parent’s yield component QTL OsSPL14 were tracked for homozygous states in the progenies. Seven pyramided lines showed tolerance to submergence for 14 days and higher grain yield than both the parents. The pyramided lines were similar to the recipient parent for the majority of the studied morphological and quality traits. The pyramided lines are useful as cultivars and can serve as potential donors for transfer of Sub1, OsSPL14, Gn1a, GW5 (wide-grain), and SCM2 QTLs.

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Li-Feng, Liu, Zhang Hong-Liang, Mu Ping, Qu Yan-Ying, and Li Zi-Chao. "Construction and evaluation of near-isogenic lines for major QTLs of basal root thickness and 1000-grain-weight in lowland and upland rice." Chinese Journal of Agricultural Biotechnology 4, no. 3 (December 2007): 199–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1479236207001787.

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AbstractThe development of near-isogenic lines (NILs) is an important fundamental step in the cloning of quantitative trait loci (QTL) and molecular marker assisted breeding. In the present study, NILs for two major QTLs of basal root thickness (BRT) and 1000-grain-weight (TGW) were obtained by molecular marker-assisted selection (MAS) through foreground selection for target QTL and background selection in three backcross generations (BC1F1, BC2F1 and BC3F1). After phenotypic evaluation in the BC3F2 generation, nine BRT QTL-NILs with BRT ranges of 1.07–1.16 mm (6.11–15.18% greater than the recurrent parent) and an average recovery ratio of genetic background (RRGB) of 97.22%, and 11 TGW QTL-NILs with ranges of 21.25–26.25 g (7.05–32.16% greater than the recurrent parent) and 95.97% of RRGB, were selected.

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Reyes, Vincent P., Rosalyn B. Angeles-Shim, Merlyn S. Mendioro, Ma Carmina C. Manuel, Ruby S. Lapis, Junghyun Shim, Hidehiko Sunohara, et al. "Marker-Assisted Introgression and Stacking of Major QTLs Controlling Grain Number (Gn1a) and Number of Primary Branching (WFP) to NERICA Cultivars." Plants 10, no. 5 (April 22, 2021): 844. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10050844.

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The era of the green revolution has significantly improved rice yield productivity. However, with the growing population and decreasing arable land, rice scientists must find new ways to improve rice productivity. Although hundreds of rice yield-related QTLs were already mapped and some of them were cloned, only a few were utilized for actual systematic introgression breeding programs. In this study, the major yield QTLs Grain Number 1a (Gn1a) and Wealthy Farmer’s Panicle (WFP) were introgressed and stacked in selected NERICA cultivars by marker-assisted backcross breeding (MABB). The DNA markers RM3360, RM3452, and RM5493 were used for foreground selection. At BC3F4 and BC3F5 generation, a combination of marker-assisted selection and phenotypic evaluation were carried out to select lines with target alleles and traits. Further, genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) was conducted to validate the introgression and determine the recurrent parent genome recovery (RPGR) of the selected lines. The Gn1a and/or WFP introgression lines showed significantly higher numbers of spikelets per panicle and primary branching compared to the recurrent parents. In addition, lines with Gn1a and/or WFP alleles were comparatively similar to the recurrent parents (RP) in most yield-related traits. This study demonstrates the success of utilizing yield QTLs and marker-assisted selection to develop and improve rice cultivars.

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Alzate-Marin, Ana Lilia, Gilson Soares Baía, Trazilbo José de Paula, Geraldo Assis de Carvalho, Everaldo Gonçalves de Barros, and Maurilio Alves Moreira. "Inheritance of Anthracnose Resistance in Common Bean Differential Cultivar AB 136." Plant Disease 81, no. 9 (September 1997): 996–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.1997.81.9.996.

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Inheritance of anthracnose resistance of the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) differential cultivar AB 136 to races 89, 64, and 73 (binary system designation) was studied in crosses with the susceptible differential cultivars Michelite (race 89), Mexico 222 (race 64), and Cornell 49-242 (race 73). In each cross two progenitors, the F1, F2, and backcross-derived plants were inoculated with the respective race under environmentally controlled greenhouse conditions. The results indicate that single dominant gene(s) control resistance to races 89 and 64, giving a segregation ratio of 3:1 in the F2, 1:0 in the backcrosses to AB 136, and 1:1 in the backcross to Michelite (race 89), and to Mexico 222 (race 64). For race 73, the following segregation ratios between resistant and susceptible plants were observed: 13:3 in the F2, 1:0 in the backcross to AB 136, and 1:1 in the backcross to Cornell 49-242. Such results suggest that two independent genes may determine resistance of AB 136 to race 73, one dominant (Co-6) and one recessive that is proposed to be assigned co-8. Genotypes Co-6_ or co-8 co-8 would condition resistance, whereas susceptibility would be present in genotypes co-6 co-6 Co-8_. Given the dominant nature of anthracnose resistance genes present in line AB 136 and its resistance to 25 races of Colletotrichum lindemuthianum identified in Brazil by other researchers, we included this cultivar as one of the donor parents in our molecular marker-assisted backcross breeding program, to develop common bean cultivars resistant to anthracnose and adapted to Central Brazil.

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MIAO, XUE-XIA, WEI-HUA LI, MU-WANG LI, YUN-PO ZHAO, XIAN-RU GUO, and YONG-PING HUANG. "Inheritance and linkage analysis of co-dominant SSR markers on the Z chromosome of the silkworm (Bombyx mori L.)." Genetics Research 90, no. 2 (April 2008): 151–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016672308009221.

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SummaryMicrosatellites or simple sequence repeats (SSRs) are co-dominant molecular markers. When we used fluorescent SSR markers to construct a linkage map for the female heterogametic silkworm (Bombyx mori, ZW), we found that some loci did not segregate in a Mendelian ratio of 1:1 in a backcross population. These loci segregated in a 3:1 ratio of single bands compared with double bands. Further examination of band patterns indicated that three types of SSR bands were present: two homozygotes and one heterozygote. In the beginning, we considered to discard these markers. By scoring male and female F1 individuals, we confirmed that these loci were located on the Z chromosome. Using the sex-linked visible mutation sch (K05) and its wild-type (C108), we constructed an F1 male backcross (BC1M) mapping population. The combination of sch backcross and SSR data enabled us to map the SSR markers to the Z chromosome. By adjusting input parameters based on these data, we were able to use Mapmaker software to construct a linkage map. This strategy takes advantage of co-dominant markers for positional cloning of genes on the Z chromosome. We localized sch to the Z chromosome relative to six SSR markers and one PCR marker, covering a total of 76·1 cM. The sch mutation is an important sex-linked visible mutation widely used in breeding of commercial silkworms (e.g. male silkworm selection rearing). Localization of the sch gene may prove helpful in cloning the gene and developing strains for marker-assisted selection in silkworm breeding.

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S.Cho, Khin, Pasajee Kongsil, Thanakorn Wangsawang, and Tanee Sreewongchai. "Marker-assisted pseudo-backcross breeding for improvement of amylose content and aroma in Myanmar rice cultivar Sinthukha." ScienceAsia 46, no. 5 (2020): 539. http://dx.doi.org/10.2306/scienceasia1513-1874.2020.070.

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Rai, Neha, Amasiddha Bellundagi, Prashant K. C. Kumar, Ramya Kalasapura Thimmappa, Sushma Rani, Nivedita Sinha, Hari krishna, et al. "Marker-assisted backcross breeding for improvement of drought tolerance in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em Thell)." Plant Breeding 137, no. 4 (June 27, 2018): 514–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/pbr.12605.

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Pukalenthy, Bharathi, Dhasarathan Manickam, Sarankumar Chandran, Karthikeyan Adhimoolam, Vellaikumar Sampathrajan, Ravikesavan Rajasekaran, Kavithapushpam Arunachalam, et al. "Incorporation of opaque-2 into ‘UMI 1200’, an elite maize inbred line, through marker-assisted backcross breeding." Biotechnology & Biotechnological Equipment 33, no. 1 (January 1, 2019): 144–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13102818.2018.1556121.

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Singh, Vikas K., Atul Singh, S. P. Singh, Ranjith K. Ellur, Vikas Choudhary, S. Sarkel, Devinder Singh, et al. "Incorporation of blast resistance into “PRR78”, an elite Basmati rice restorer line, through marker assisted backcross breeding." Field Crops Research 128 (March 2012): 8–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2011.12.003.

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Zheng, Tangchun, Bo Qin, Suzhen Li, Ming Cai, Huitang Pan, Jia Wang, Tangren Cheng, and Qixiang Zhang. "Screening of Applicable SSR Molecular Markers Linked to Creeping Trait in Crape Myrtle." Forests 10, no. 5 (May 18, 2019): 429. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f10050429.

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Creeping plants have unique ornamental value because they have more branches and flowers and the creeping trait is rare in crape myrtle (Lagerstroemia indica L.). In this study, the first filial generation (F1) population was derived from Lagerstroemia fauriei Koehne (standard) and L. indica “Creole” (creeping) and the backcross1 (BC1) population was derived from the backcross of F1 individual S82 (creeping) and L. fauriei. The segregation of the creeping trait was analyzed for 174 seedlings of the BC1 population to examine the linkage relationship between simple sequence repeat (SSR) molecular markers and the creeping trait. Creeping genes were screened using bulked segregant analysis combined with 322 SSR primers, which were detected with good polymorphism. The results show that two SSR markers (S364 and LYS12) were detected, with genetic distances of 23.49 centimorgan (cM) and 25.86 cM from the loci controlling the plant opening angle trait and the branching angle trait, respectively. The accuracy rate for phenotypic verification using S364 and LYS12 was 76.51% and 74.14%, respectively. Our results provide basic information for the molecular marker-assisted selective breeding and cloning of the creeping gene to improve architecture diversity in the breeding of crape myrtle.

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Ellur, Ranjith K., Apurva Khanna, Ashutosh Yadav, Sandeep Pathania, H. Rajashekara, Vikas K. Singh, S. Gopala Krishnan, et al. "Improvement of Basmati rice varieties for resistance to blast and bacterial blight diseases using marker assisted backcross breeding." Plant Science 242 (January 2016): 330–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.plantsci.2015.08.020.

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Singh, Ashok K., Vikas K. Singh, Atul Singh, Ranjith K. Ellur, R. T. P. Pandian, S. Gopala Krishnan, U. D. Singh, M. Nagarajan, K. K. Vinod, and K. V. Prabhu. "Introgression of multiple disease resistance into a maintainer of Basmati rice CMS line by marker assisted backcross breeding." Euphytica 203, no. 1 (October 9, 2014): 97–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10681-014-1267-1.

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46

Divya, Balakrishnan, S. Robin, R. Rabindran, N. Senthil, M. Raveendran, and A. John Joel. "Erratum to: Marker assisted backcross breeding approach to improve blast resistance in Indian rice (Oryza sativa) variety ADT43." Euphytica 200, no. 1 (July 4, 2014): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10681-014-1182-5.

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Ghritlahre, S. K., Mahesh Rao, S. L. Pavani, Vineeta Singh, U. S. Singh, Sandhya Sandhya, and P. K. Singh. "Estimation of yield and grain qualities of marker assisted backcross derived lines of submergence rice against sheath blight disease." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 9, no. 2 (June 1, 2017): 1042–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v9i2.1319.

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Sheath blight caused by Rhizoctonia solani is one of the most devastating diseases of rice (Oryza sativa) and causes enormous yield losses over the world after blast, the disease can cause yield loss upto 50 per cent in advanced stage and adversely affects quality of straw. Breeding for resistant varieties is the only viable option to combat the disease efficiently. In this study, our findings showed a significant increase in number of spikelet’s per panicle (3.45 %), test weight (0.62 %) and grain yield (0.72 %) compared to recurrent parent Swarna sub-1. The range of mean performance of 18 BC2F1 selected improved lines varied for per cent disease severity from 26.75 to 43.58 at 16 days after inoculation. Among the 18 improved lines, only four lines (Swarna sub-1-6, Swarna sub-1-32, Swarna sub-1-13 and Swarna sub-1-29) showed resistance score of 1-3. The remaining fourteen lines showed moderate resistance with a score of 3-5. Hence, the resistance line could be exploited in sheath blight resistance breeding programme and the same line can also be released as a variety against sheath blight of rice after testing over multilocation trails.

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Janaki Ramayya, Perumalla, Vishnu Prasanth Vinukonda, Uma Maheshwar Singh, Shamshad Alam, Challa Venkateshwarlu, Abhilash Kumar Vipparla, Shilpi Dixit, et al. "Marker-assisted forward and backcross breeding for improvement of elite Indian rice variety Naveen for multiple biotic and abiotic stress tolerance." PLOS ONE 16, no. 9 (September 2, 2021): e0256721. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0256721.

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The elite Indian rice variety, Naveen is highly susceptible to major biotic and abiotic stresses such as blast, bacterial blight (BB), gall midge (GM) and drought which limit its productivity in rainfed areas. In the present study, a combined approach of marker-assisted forward (MAFB) and back cross (MABC) breeding was followed to introgress three major genes, viz., Pi9 for blast, Xa21 for bacterial blight (BB), and Gm8 for gall midge (GM) and three major QTLs, viz., qDTY1.1, qDTY2.2 and qDTY4.1 conferring increased yield under drought in the background of Naveen. At each stage of advancement, gene-based/linked markers were used for the foreground selection of biotic and abiotic stress tolerant genes/QTLs. Intensive phenotype-based selections were performed in the field for identification of lines with high level of resistance against blast, BB, GM and drought tolerance without yield penalty under non-stress situation. A set of 8 MAFB lines and 12 MABC lines with 3 to 6 genes/QTLs and possessing resistance/tolerance against biotic stresses and reproductive stage drought stress with better yield performance compared to Naveen were developed. Lines developed through combined MAFB and MABC performed better than lines developed only through MAFB. This study exemplifies the utility of the combined approach of marker-assisted forward and backcrosses breeding for targeted improvement of multiple biotic and abiotic stress resistance in the background of popular mega varieties.

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Howell, P. M., A. G. Sharpe, and D. J. Lydiate. "Homoeologous loci control the accumulation of seed glucosinolates in oilseed rape (Brassica napus)." Genome 46, no. 3 (June 1, 2003): 454–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g03-028.

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The genetic control of seed glucosinolate content in oilseed rape was investigated using two intervarietal backcross populations. Four QTLs segregating in the population derived from a Brassica napus L.'Victor' × Brassica napus L.'Tapidor' cross, together accounting for 76% of the phenotypic variation, were mapped. Three of these loci also appeared to control the accumulation of seed glucosinolates in a Brassica napus L. 'Bienvenu' × 'Tapidor' cross, and accounted for 86% of the phenotypic variation. The three QTLs common to both populations mapped to homoeologous regions of the B. napus genome, suggesting that seed glucosinolate accumulation is controlled by duplicate genes. It was possible to extend the comparative analysis of QTLs controlling seed glucosinolate accumulation by aligning the published genetic maps generated by several research groups. This comparative mapping demonstrated that high-glucosinolate varieties often carry low-glucosinolate alleles at one or more of the loci controlling seed glucosinolate accumulation.Key words: backcross, comparative mapping, genetic linkage map, marker-assisted breeding, QTL.

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Oo, Kyaw Swar, Subbaiyan Gopala Krishnan, Kunnummal Kurungara Vinod, Gaurav Dhawan, Priyanka Dwivedi, Pankaj Kumar, Prolay Kumar Bhowmick, et al. "Molecular Breeding for Improving Productivity of Oryza sativa L. cv. Pusa 44 under Reproductive Stage Drought Stress through Introgression of a Major QTL, qDTY12.1." Genes 12, no. 7 (June 24, 2021): 967. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes12070967.

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Increasing rice production is quintessential to the task of sustaining global food security, as a majority of the global population is dependent on rice as its staple dietary cereal. Among the various constraints affecting rice production, reproductive stage drought stress (RSDS) is a major challenge, due to its direct impact on grain yield. Several quantitative trait loci (QTLs) conferring RSDS tolerance have been identified in rice, and qDTY12.1 is one of the major QTLs reported. We report the successful introgression of qDTY12.1 into Pusa 44, a drought sensitive mega rice variety of the northwestern Indian plains. Marker-assisted backcross breeding (MABB) was adopted to transfer qDTY12.1 into Pusa 44 in three backcrosses followed by four generations of pedigree selection, leading to development of improved near isogenic lines (NILs). Having a recurrent parent genome (RPG) recovery ranging from 94.7–98.7%, the improved NILs performed 6.5 times better than Pusa 44 under RSDS, coupled with high yield under normal irrigated conditions. The MABB program has been modified so as to defer background selection until BC3F4 to accelerate generational advancements. Deploying phenotypic selection alone in the early backcross generations could help in the successful recovery of RPG. In addition, the grain quality could be recovered in the improved NILs, leading to superior selections. Owing to their improved adaptation to drought, the release of improved NILs for regions prone to intermittent drought can help enhance rice productivity and production.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Marker-assisted backcross breeding'

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