Academic literature on the topic 'Market forces factor'
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Journal articles on the topic "Market forces factor"
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Liang, Samuel Xin. "The Driving Forces of Stock Returns in Hong Kong." Accounting and Finance Research 8, no. 4 (September 2, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/afr.v8n4p1.
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We comprehensively investigate what drives stock returns in Hong Kong stock market which has been consistently ranked as one of the most important markets for IPOs. We find that Hong Kong inflation rate is a systematic pricing factor across stocks after controlling for Fama-French three-factor. It is different from the U.S. market and other developed markets that the momentum, dividend yield, cash-flow yield, earnings yield, and return-reversal factors are not significant pricing factors for stock returns in Hong Kong. Our Fama-MacBeath (1973) regressions show that a stock’s value (cash-flow yield and book-to-market ratio) is the strongest predictor of stock returns in Hong Kong after controlling for market, value, and size factors and macroeconomic factors.
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SAITO, OSAMU. "Land, labour and market forces in Tokugawa Japan." Continuity and Change 24, no. 1 (April 20, 2009): 169–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0268416009007061.
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ABSTRACTThis article examines the markets for land and labour in traditional Japan, where peasant families accounted for 80 per cent of the population; it focuses on the extent of these markets and how they operated. The survey of evidence, both literary and statistical, indicates that, while the size of the factor markets was small and limited, lease arrangements for farmland and the markets for seasonal labour and the rural–urban transfer of manpower functioned rather well. It is therefore suggested that market forces must have played an indispensable part in the process of Tokugawa Japan's proto-industrialization and Smithian growth.
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Golomsha, Nataliia, and Olha Holomsha. "Research of competitiveness factors of Ukrainian corn in the world markets." INNOVATIVE ECONOMY, no. 3-4 (May 2020): 51–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.37332/2309-1533.2020.3-4.7.
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Purpose. The aim of the article is to carry out factor analysis of the parameters that determine the competitiveness of Ukrainian corn in the world markets, to substantiate their impact and to formulate a set of recommendations on the use of identified trends and patterns. Methodology of research. Methodological approaches of competition theories and international trade are combined in the process of modelling the competitiveness parameters of Ukraine in the world corn market. A factor analysis technique is used to identify the parameters of Ukrainian corn's competitiveness in the world markets. A list of the most important factors is formed, the direction and strength of their influence on the level of competitiveness of domestic corn is determined by means of correlation-regression analysis Findings. The method of factor analysis to identify the parameters of competitiveness of Ukrainian corn in the world markets is substantiated. On the basis of correlation-regression analysis based on the combination of methodological principles of competition theories and international trade, the list of the most important factors is formed, the direction and strength of their influence on the level of competitiveness of domestic corn is determined. Unlike existing models and concepts, this approach takes into account the complex influence of competitive forces, market size, and trading conditions, which allows a high degree of probability to achieve competitiveness of Ukrainian grain in the world markets. It is found that market factors, including market capacity and population of the importing country, have positive influence on the competitiveness of Ukrainian corn in the world markets, and competitive forces (influence of direct competitors) and spatial factors, including remoteness of the main markets have negative influence. Proposals on the reaction of market participants to the objective conditions of foreign trade - market parameters, activity of competitors, conditions of trade have been developed. The expediency of intensifying export efforts in the markets of large capacity with positive population growth, which import corn from distant countries, building complex business relations with these countries, and their interest in importing Ukrainian corn, forming a comprehensive logistic advantage, is substantiated. Originality. The method of factor analysis of ensuring the competitiveness of Ukrainian corn has been improved, which results in an objective list of favourable and restraining factors, as well as substantiates the main reactions of market participants to their impact. Practical value. The obtained model results and factor dependencies form a strong methodological basis for modelling and forecasting the competitiveness of Ukrainian grain in the world markets, as well as for developing scenarios of domestic market actors' response to the events and forces that accompany grain exports. Key words: factor analysis, competitiveness, world corn market, correlation-regression modelling, export, grain, foreign trade.
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van der Spek, Robartus J. "Factor Markets in Hellenistic and Parthian Babylonia (331 BCE-224 CE)." Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient 57, no. 2 (March 29, 2014): 203–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685209-12341347.
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AbstractBecause the evidence is meagre, this article takes a qualitative rather than a quantitative approach to the markets of land, labour, and capital in Hellenistic and Parthian Babylonia. The evidence consists of administrative documents from Babylon and Uruk (Babylonian clay tablets in cuneiform script), from Dura Europos on parchment or papyrus (in Greek and Aramaic), and from Avroman in (Greek and Pahlavi). These texts suggest that the land market was restricted by the legal rights of king and temple. There is little information on wage labour. Slave labour existed, but neither its role in the economy nor the importance of the slave trade has been adequately assessed. The use of credit, interest, cheques, and other financial instruments is attested, but its significance is small, not least because of the prevalence of iconic interest rates of 20%, set by tradition rather than by market forces. As far as the evidence goes, the markets for land, labour, and capital were restricted by tradition and by the claims of king and temples on land, while the commodity markets were much more market-oriented.
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Koulafetis, Panayiota. "Alternative Estimating Methodologies of the UK Industry Cost of Equity Capital: The Impact of 2007 Financial Crisis and Market Volatility." International Journal of Economics and Finance 8, no. 1 (December 24, 2015): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijef.v8n1p111.
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<p>We compare estimates of the UK industry cost of equity capital between the unconditional beta Arbitrage Pricing Model (APM), the conditional beta APM and the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM). A statistically significant eight-factor APM leads to the best estimates of the UK industry cost of equity capital. During our full sample time period any of the APMs, unconditional APM or conditional APM, do a much better job than the CAPM.</p>However at times of extreme market volatility during the 2007 financial crisis, the conditional APM is the best model with the least errors. During a financial crisis investors and market participants’ expectations are revised. Economic forces at play include: increased market uncertainty, increased investors’ risk aversion and capital scarcity. We find that the macroeconomic factors impeded in the Conditional APM that vary over time using the latest information in the market, incorporate the economic forces at play and capture the extreme market volatility. Our findings have direct implications in the financial markets for regulators, corporate financial decision makers, corporations and governments.
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Hutchison, Norman, and Alan Disberry. "Market forces or institutional factors: what hinders housing development on brownfield land?" Journal of European Real Estate Research 8, no. 3 (November 2, 2015): 285–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jerer-07-2015-0029.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to understand the barriers to housing development on brownfield land in the UK, making clear the distinction between market and institutional factors and identify appropriate public and private sector solutions to encourage more residential development. Design/methodology/approach – In this research, the city of Nottingham in the East Midlands of England was chosen as the case study city. The research was based on secondary literature review of relevant local authority reports, Internet searches, consultancy documents and policy literature. Detailed case studies were undertaken of 30 sites in Nottingham which included a questionnaire survey of developers. Officials from Nottingham City Council assisted with the gathering of planning histories of the sites. The investigation took place in 2014. Findings – Based on the evidence from Nottingham, the most frequently occurring significant constraint was poor market conditions. At the local level, it is clear that there are options that can be promoted to help reduce the level of friction in the market, to reduce delay and cost and, thus, to encourage developers to bring forward schemes when the market allows. Securing planning permission and agreeing the terms of a S106 agreement is recognised as a major development hurdle which requires time to achieve. Practical implications – Market forces were clearly the dominant factor in hindering development on brownfield sites in Nottingham. The local authority should be more circumspect in the use of S106 agreements in market conditions where brownfield development is highly marginal. Imposing additional taxation on specific developments in weak markets discourages development and is counterproductive. Originality/value – This detailed study of 30 development sites is significant in that it provides a better understanding of the barriers to residential development on brownfield land in the UK.
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Ahamed Lebbe, S. M. "Interlocking Factor Market in Agrarian Economy of Sri Lanka." International Letters of Social and Humanistic Sciences 58 (September 2015): 25–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilshs.58.25.
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Informal credit market plays a crucial role in the rural sector in developing countries. Prices of goods and services, in general, in the competitive markets are determined by the market forces but, prices of factors of production in agrarian economy are interlinked, thus reward of land, labour and credit also are determined by the interlockers.. An interlinked transaction is one in which the parties trade in at least two markets on the condition that the terms of all trade between them are jointly determined (Bell and Srinivasan, 1989). Agriculture sector is the foremost economic activity in Sri Lanka. Nearly 70 percent of total population living in rural areas depends completely or partially on agriculture sector. The main objective of the study is to examine the incidence of different types of linkages prevalent in the developed and backward villages among paddy farming households in Sammanthurai Divisional Secretariat area of Ampara district in Sri Lanka. This study is based on primary data and the data related to the year 2011-2012 (2011 Yala and 2011-2012 Maha). According to the results 95 per cent of the households in backward villages and 65 per cent of households in developed villages are involved in interlinked credit transactions, Hence, the result exhibits that interlinked credit transaction is higher in backward villages than that of developed villages. The results further reveal that Cash-to-Labour and Kind-to-Labour transactions in developed villages are allowed free of charge. Kind-Cash and Input-to-Output transactions are completely seen in the backward villages. Input-to-Output market link which is foremost in the backward villages and it is found to be exploitative to the paddy farmers.
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Malle, Silvana. "From Market to Capitalism: the Building of Institutional Ethics." Journal of Public Policy 14, no. 1 (January 1994): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0143814x00001227.
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ABSTRACTThis paper discusses the ethical barriers to development in economies whose institutions have not quite adjusted to the needs of capitalism. It is argued that at a given stage of market development, the market forces will either impose behaviours and moral codes which further sustain the development of capital markets or will be defeated. The defeat may lead a country back to pre-capitalist relations, behaviours and rules that will jeopardize any further development. In post-socialist economies, in particular, large sections of society are unprepared to apply the rules of advanced capitalist markets. Resistance to market becomes an obstacle to the building of institutional ethics and transparent markets. Only openness to foreign competition and foreign demand for higher ethical standards in business can help the adjustment of economic and legal institutions to the requirement of advanced markets. The Italian case offers an instructive example of contradiction between institutional backwardness and market dynamism in which the catalysing factor was foreign competition.
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Zamani, Mahmoud, Changiz Valmohammadi, and Mona Moshiri. "Market Factors, Training Programs, Strategic Management and Performance." International Journal of Strategic Information Technology and Applications 5, no. 4 (October 2014): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijsita.2014100101.
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The main purpose of this study is to carry out an empirical research to investigate the relationship between market factors (competitive intensity and industry attractiveness), training programs development, strategic management and organizational performance of insurance companies in Iran. nda clarify the importance role of market forces as an essential factor influencing training programs development, strategic management and organizational performance in insurance companies in the context of Iran. This research is based on an empirical survey of marketing and sales experts in four private insurance companies, namely Saman, Parsian, Karafarin and Pasargad in capital city of Iran, Tehran. Questionnaire is the main data collection instrument for this research. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses as well as structure equation modeling were employed for data analysis. Statistical analyses revealed that competitive intensity, industry attractiveness, training programs development and strategic management have a positive and significant relationship with the organizational performance of the surveyed companies.
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Rasmussen, Jens Lehrmann. "Economic Inequality, Human Rights, and Labour Markets." Netherlands Quarterly of Human Rights 15, no. 2 (June 1997): 143–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/092405199701500202.
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The purpose of the article is to analyse relations between human rights and economic inequality. Further, the role played by markets in these relations is examined. The importance of choice of dimension in which to measure inequality, such as consumption or hourly wages, is outlined. It is argued that the important thing in a human rights context is inequality of opportunity, not inequality of outcome. An analysis of reasons for making inequality a social concern, and of reasons for accepting inequality under certain circumstances, is attempted. By means of this, a hierarchy of reasons for inequality is suggested, where inequality is considered least morally acceptable, if it is founded on discrimination, more morally acceptable if it is founded on differences in methods of acquisition, and most acceptable if it is founded on differences in effort and talents. Important effects of factor market interactions on such types of inequality are examined. It is suggested that market forces tend to reduce discrimination. Inequality due to differences in method of acquisition is likely to be enhanced by market forces, possibly beyond the point generally acceptable by moral standards. The same is possible concerning inequality due to differences in effort and talents. Further, it is indicated that market forces cannot prevent poverty and may enhance it. If market forces are unable to generate an acceptable distribution, redistribution will be called for. It is suggested in this article that in a democracy the extent of redistribution is likely to be determined by the preferences of the median voters.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Market forces factor"
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al, Hussaini Ammar. "What factors are driving forces for credit spreads?" Thesis, Jönköping University, JIBS, Business Administration, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-964.
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The purpose of this study is to examine what affects the changes in credit spreads. A
regression model was performed where the explanatory variables were; volatility,
SP&500 index, interest-rate level the slope of yield curve and the dependent
variable was credit spread for each of CSUSDA, CSUSDBBB, and CSUSDB. We
found a positive correlation between these independent variables (Volatility, S&P
500index) and a negative correlation between interest-rate level and credit spreads.
These results were consistent with our hypothesis. However, the link between the
slope of yield curve and credit spreads was positive and that was inconsistent with
our hypothesis and some previous studies. The conclusion of this paper was a
change in credit spread is related to the variables that we used in our model. And
these variables explained about 50 per cent of this change.
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Grahovac, Veseljka. "PCR technology, factors and forces driving market potential and technology transfer in the modern food industry." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ58342.pdf.
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White, Christopher P. "NHS resource allocation 1997 to 2003 with particular reference to the impact on rural areas." Thesis, St Andrews, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/825.
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Salman, Lubna Hussein. "L'implicite dans "A la recherche du temps perdu" : étude sur un aspect du discours proustien." Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00984982.
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L'implicite se définit comme un contenu présent dans le discours sans être formellement exprimé. Le présupposé et le sous-entendu forment les deux concepts fondamentaux de cette notion. Ils agissent comme des informations impliquées dans le discours, dont on peut saisir ou décrypter l'essence à l'aide des théories de la pragmatique et de la linguistique énonciative. Le discours proustien fait un usage remarquable de cette notion et de ses concepts. Ce travail est entièrement consacré à la recherche de l'implicite dans À la recherche du temps perdu de Marcel Proust. Le développement de cette notion, dans cette œuvre, se dessine d'une part, à travers l'interaction verbale des personnages proustiens, et d'autre part, à travers le discours du narrateur qui s'oriente vers une nouvelle tendance, celle d'un narrateur et d'un narrataire implicites. L'intérêt de cette étude consiste à catégoriser l'implicite proustien et à mettre en lumière son statut linguistique, puis la façon dont il est employé.
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Ghadie, Mohamed A. "Analysis and Reconstruction of the Hematopoietic Stem Cell Differentiation Tree: A Linear Programming Approach for Gene Selection." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/32048.
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Stem cells differentiate through an organized hierarchy of intermediate cell types to terminally differentiated cell types. This process is largely guided by master transcriptional regulators, but it also depends on the expression of many other types of genes. The discrete cell types in the differentiation hierarchy are often identified based on the expression or non-expression of certain marker genes. Historically, these have often been various cell-surface proteins, which are fairly easy to assay biochemically but are not necessarily causative of the cell type, in the sense of being master transcriptional regulators. This raises important questions about how gene expression across the whole genome controls or reflects cell state, and in particular, differentiation hierarchies. Traditional approaches to understanding gene expression patterns across multiple conditions, such as principal components analysis or K-means clustering, can group cell types based on gene expression, but they do so without knowledge of the differentiation hierarchy. Hierarchical clustering and maximization of parsimony can organize the cell types into a tree, but in general this tree is different from the differentiation hierarchy. Using hematopoietic differentiation as an example, we demonstrate how many genes other than marker genes are able to discriminate between different branches of the differentiation tree by proposing two models for detecting genes that are up-regulated or down-regulated in distinct lineages. We then propose a novel approach to solving the following problem: Given the differentiation hierarchy and gene expression data at each node, construct a weighted Euclidean distance metric such that the minimum spanning tree with respect to that metric is precisely the given differentiation hierarchy. We provide a set of linear constraints that are provably sufficient for the desired construction and a linear programming framework to identify sparse sets of weights, effectively identifying genes that are most relevant for discriminating different parts of the tree. We apply our method to microarray gene expression data describing 38 cell types in the hematopoiesis hierarchy, constructing a sparse weighted Euclidean metric that uses just 175 genes. These 175 genes are different than the marker genes that were used to identify the 38 cell types, hence offering a novel alternative way of discriminating different branches of the tree. A DAVID functional annotation analysis shows that the 175 genes reflect major processes and pathways active in different parts of the tree. However, we find that there are many alternative sets of weights that satisfy the linear constraints. Thus, in the style of random-forest training, we also construct metrics based on random subsets of the genes and compare them to the metric of 175 genes. Our results show that the 175 genes frequently appear in the random metrics, implicating their significance from an empirical point of view as well. Finally, we show how our linear programming method is able to identify columns that were selected to build minimum spanning trees on the nodes of random variable-size matrices.
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Hoerter, Jeanne. "To what extent does pharmaceutical company research in South Africa reflect the countries burden of disease?" Thesis, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/1870.
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Student Number : 0310496H -
MPH research report -
Faculty of Health SciencesThis study compares pharmaceutical company research on new medicines in South Africa with the country’s burden of disease and describes the process and criteria that companies use to set their research priorities. A quantitative survey of pharmaceutical companies shows that company research conducted from 2000 to 2003 is moderately associated with the country’s burden of disease estimates for 2000. The degree of association is dependent on which measures of company research and burden of disease are compared, and which comparative statistic is used. A qualitative analysis of company interviews reveals that feasibility of clinical trials, market forces, and environmental factors are core criteria for company research priority setting. The burden of disease, although important, is not a sole criterion, and has considerable limitations. Furthermore, this study reveals the complex nature of health priority setting by pharmaceutical companies and thus can assist policy decision makers in identifying practical strategies to encourage research in diseases of need by pharmaceutical companies.
Books on the topic "Market forces factor"
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Shumilina, Vera, Vadim Kleptsov, Viktoria Grushina, Galina Krohicheva, Anastasia Popova, Liubov Ovchinnikova, Ekaterina Boguslav, et al. Business security management in modern conditions. au: AUS PUBLISHERS, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.26526/978-0-6487435-9-0.
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The modern economy is characterized by a high level of dynamism of the factors of the external and internal environment of enterprises, influencing the possibility of their stable development.
With the transition of the Russian economy to market methods of doing business, in which enterprise management must take into account various scenarios, risk becomes an integral element of socio-economic relations. Risk is present in all spheres of life, regardless of whether its presence is taken into account in the situation of choosing an alternative method of managing a business entity or not. The presence of risk is a significant factor in the development of business and the economy as a whole. To minimize and neutralize risks, the enterprise must constantly ensure its safety.
In modern conditions, due to the pandemic and economic downturn, enterprises are forced to revise their methods of safety management and risk neutralization.
This monograph, dedicated to modern problems of business security management, is the result of the joint work of teachers and students of the Department of Economic Security, Accounting and Law of the Don State Technical University.
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Nagimova, Al'mira. Islamic Finance in the CIS countries. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1182772.
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Over the past decades, Islamic finance has expanded its presence to many countries, including the former Soviet Union. It is not surprising that their expansion has become a subject of great interest for scientists, politicians, practitioners and the general public. How big is the market for Islamic finance in the post-Soviet region? Who are the main market players? What are their investment strategies here? Finally, what limits the development of the Islamic finance industry in the CIS countries? In this monograph, we try to answer these questions by examining a broad empirical base consisting of more than 1,000 transactions for the period from 1991 to 2020, as well as using a sociological approach. In addition, we assess the total volume of Islamic capital and identify the problems and prospects of this market in the CIS countries. It will be of interest to the management of banks, investment companies, funds, ministries, as well as to anyone interested in the world economy, international relations and the religious factor in the economy of post-Soviet countries.
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Nagimova, Al'mira. ISLAMIC FINANCE IN THE CIS COUNTRIES. xxu: Academus Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31519/0021-8.
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Over the past decades, Islamic Finance has expanded its presence to many countries, including the former Soviet Union. It is not surprising that its expansion has become a subject of great interest to scholars, politicians, practitioners, and the general public. How big is the market for Islamic Finance in the post-Soviet region? Who are the key market players? What are their investment strategies on this territory? Finally, what are the limits for the development of the Islamic Finance industry in the CIS countries? This book attempts to find the answers to these questions by examining a broad empirical base of more than 1,000 deals from 1991 to 2020, as well as using a sociological approach. Another attempt has been made to assess the total volume of Islamic capital and determine the problems and prospects of this market in the CIS countries.
The book will be of interest to the management of banks, investment companies, funds, ministries, as well as anyone interested in the world economy, international relations and the religious factor in the economy of post-Soviet countries.
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Haynes, Richard W. Alternative simulations of forestry scenarios involving carbon sequestration options: Investigation of impacts on regional and national timber markets. Portland, Or. (333 S.W. First Ave., P.O. Box 3890, Portland 97208-3890): U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 1994.
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Haynes, Richard W. Alternative simulations of forestry scenarios involving carbon sequestration options: Investigation of impacts on regional and national timber markets. Portland, Or: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 1994.
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Randelli, Filippo, and Francesco Dini, eds. Oltre la globalizzazione: le proposte della Geografia economica. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-6655-307-6.
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In 1980 Froebel, Heinrichs and Kreye published the English-language The New International Division of Labour, trying to highlight the consequences of market reorganization after the crisis of the mid 1970s, which was soon to transform into so-called globalization. A third of a century later, the "fantastic adventure" of market integration seems to have been crystallized by the 2007-2008 crisis, opening a further period of great instability. But the geography of wealth production has transformed radically and appears unrecognizable to the early-80s scholar. In a framework of great social, political and cultural change, China, a country at the time defined as an "economic dwarf", is the second largest economy on the planet and has become its "factory". The standardizing concept of "Third World" having vanished, some former colonial economies have undertaken rapid growth processes, while others have ruinously accentuated their underdevelopment. The traditionally advanced regions, then defined as "industrial", have opened out into trajectories defined, vice versa, as "post-industrial", some consolidating their competitive edge and others sparking lengthy declines.
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Garofalo, Giuseppe, ed. Capitalismo distrettuale, localismi d'impresa, globalizzazione. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-8453-605-1.
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From the late Sixties on, industrial development in Italy evolved through the spread of small and medium sized firms, aggregated in district networks, with an elevated propensity to enterprise and the marked presence of owner-families. Installed within the local systems, the industrial districts tended to simulate large-scale industry exploiting lower costs generated by factors that were not only economic. The districts are characterised in terms of territorial location (above all the thriving areas of the North-east and Centre) and sector, since they are concentrated in the "4 As" (clothing-fashion, home-decor, agri-foodstuffs, automation-mechanics), with some overlapping with "Made in Italy". How can this model be assessed? This is the crucial question in the debate on the condition and prospects of the Italian productive system between the supporters of its capacity to adapt and the critics of economic dwarfism. A dispassionate judgement suggests that the prospects of "small is beautiful" have been superseded, but that the "declinist" view, that sees only the dangers of globalisation and the IT revolution for our SMEs is risky. The concept of irreversible crisis that prevails at present is limiting, both because it is not easy either to "invent", or to copy, a model of industrialisation, and because there is space for a strategic repositioning of the district enterprises. The book develops considerations in this direction, showing how an evolution of the district model is possible, focusing on: gains in productivity, scope economies (through diversification and expansion of the range of products), flexibility of organisation, capacity to meld tradition and innovation aiming at product quality, dimensional growth of the enterprises, new forms of financing, active presence on the international markets and valorisation of the resources of the territory. It is hence necessary to reactivate the behavioural functions of the entrepreneurs.
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Traviglia, Arianna, Lucio Milano, Cristina Tonghini, and Riccardo Giovanelli. Stolen Heritage Multidisciplinary Perspectives on Illicit Trafficking of Cultural Heritage in the EU and the MENA Region. Venice: Fondazione Università Ca’ Foscari, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30687/978-88-6969-517-9.
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It is a well-known fact that organized crime has developed into an international network that, spanning from the simple ‘grave diggers’ up to powerful and wealthy white-collar professionals, makes use of money laundering, fraud and forgery. This criminal chain, ultimately, damages and dissipates our cultural identity and, in some cases, even fosters terrorism or civil unrest through the illicit trafficking of cultural property.The forms of ‘possession’ of Cultural Heritage are often blurred; depending on the national legislation of reference, the ownership and trade of historical and artistic assets of value may be legitimate or not. Criminals have always exploited these ambiguities and managed to place on the Art and Antiquities market items resulting from destruction or looting of museums, monuments and archaeological areas. Thus, over the years, even the most renowned museum institutions have - more or less consciously - hosted in their showcases cultural objects of illicit origin. Looting, thefts, illicit trade, and clandestine exports are phenomena that affect especially those countries rich in historical and artistic assets. That includes Italy, which has seen its cultural heritage plundered over the centuries ending up in public and private collections worldwide.This edited volume features ten papers authored by international experts and professionals actively involved in Cultural Heritage protection. Drawing from the experience of the Conference Stolen Heritage (Venice, December 2019), held in the framework of the NETCHER project, the book focuses on illicit trafficking in Cultural Property under a multidisciplinary perspective.The articles look at this serious issue and at connected crimes delving into a variety of fields. The essays especially expand on European legislation regulating import, export, trade and restitution of cultural objects; conflict antiquities and cultural heritage at risk in the Near and Middle East; looting activities and illicit excavations in Italy; the use of technologies to counter looting practices.The volume closes with two papers specifically dedicated to the thorny ethical issues arising from the publication of unprovenanced archaeological objects, and the relevance of accurate communication and openness about such topics.
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Bacha, Carlos José Caetano. The Agricultural Sector. Edited by Edmund Amann, Carlos R. Azzoni, and Werner Baer. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190499983.013.13.
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This chapter analyzes the evolution of agriculture in Brazil from the early sixteenth century until the second decade of the twenty-first century. It focuses on seven domestic and external conditioning factors that have stimulated and supported the sector’s expansion in Brazil. These factors and the way that they have impacted agricultural expansion and will continue to drive Brazil’s agricultural sector for at least the next two decades. Given the availability of fallow arable land, at current productivity levels, this idle area could be used to double crop production. The transference of road operation to the regulated private sector will lead to improved road surfaces and maintenance, thereby facilitating the transportation of agricultural production to exporting ports. The reduction of agricultural sector subsidies and the increased forest conservation efforts by the European Union should improve Brazilian agriculture’s competitive position in many foreign markets currently served by EU farmers. The increasing share of Brazil’s agricultural production sold in world markets makes the country’s agricultural sector more vulnerable than ever to uncontrollable outside forces. World economic growth, especially that of China and the European countries, is a necessity if the Brazilian agricultural sector is to continue expanding and improving efficiencies. Most Brazilian agricultural inputs continue to be produced by foreign companies or their Brazilian subsidiaries. These overseas entities are a very strong force in the domestic inputs market and represent another uncontrollable factor that affects local farmers’ earnings and Brazil’s balance of trade.
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Distributors in the '90s: An analysis of the forces and factors shaping distribution in the professional salon industry : an American Salon market report. New York, NY (747 Third Ave., 7th Floor, New York 10017): American Salon, 1989.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Market forces factor"
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Song, Di, and Aiqi Wu. "Pursuing International Opportunities in a Digitally Enabled World." In Digital Entrepreneurship, 265–81. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-53914-6_13.
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AbstractDigitalization has tremendously challenged how international opportunities are created and captured. Inspired by researches in the field of both entrepreneurship and international business, this study provides a comprehensive framework toward the impact of digital technologies (DTs) on opportunity pursuit in foreign markets. We identify two perspectives of DTs, i.e., DTs as ‘driving force’ and DTs as ‘disrupting force,’ which characterize DTs as a catalyst of experiential knowledge acquisition, and as a factor altering the relative significance of experiential knowledge to opportunity pursuit, respectively. By bridging these two perspectives with the notion of market-specific knowledge and general knowledge within internationalization process theory, some arguments with regard to what specific influences DTs play on international opportunity pursuit are further introduced. We hope this study can potentially offer some nuances to both practitioners as well as the research in the interaction of digitalization and international opportunity.
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Shadymanova, Jarkyn, and Sarah Amsler. "Institutional Strategies of Higher Education Reform in Post-Soviet Kyrgyzstan: Differentiating to Survive Between State and Market." In Palgrave Studies in Global Higher Education, 229–57. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-52980-6_9.
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AbstractBetween 1991 and today, the Soviet system of state-funded and Communist Party controlled higher education institutions (HEIs) in Kyrgyzstan has been transformed into an expansive, diverse, unequal, semiprivatized and marketized higher education landscape. Drawing on national and international indicators of higher education in Kyrgyzstan and data about the history and substance of these changes in policy and legislation, this chapter examines key factors which have shaped patterns of institutional differentiation and diversification during this period. These include the historical legacies of Soviet educational infrastructures, new legal and political frameworks for HE governance and finance, changes to regulations for the licensing of institutions and academic credentials, the introduction of multinational policy agendas for higher education in the Central Asian region, changes in the relationship between higher education and labor, the introduction of a national university admissions examination, and the adoption of certain principles of the European Bologna Process. The picture of HE reform that emerges from this analysis is one in which concurrent processes of diversification and homogenization are not driven wholly by either state regulation or forces of market competition, but mediated by universities’ strategic negotiations of these forces in the context of historical institutional formations in Kyrgyzstan.
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Haschemi Yekani, Elahe. "Foundations: Defoe and Equiano." In Familial Feeling, 69–121. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-58641-6_2.
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AbstractThis chapter discusses Daniel Defoe’s Robinson Crusoe and Olaudah Equiano’s The Interesting Narrative as foundational texts of emergent enlightenment thinking about the subject in relation to modernity and slavery. The aesthetics of their entangled foundational tonality is characterised by self-reflexive descriptions of psychological interiority, a retrospective temporal framework, religious conversion, and a belief in the emerging modern market economy. While both self-made men develop an emotive claim to Britishness, the representation of familial feelings remains stifled. In contrast to insular adventurer Robinson Crusoe, former slave Olaudah Equiano’s life story is much more strongly reliant on bonds to establish commonality. Moreover, their constructions of masculinity are spatially distinct. While Equiano’s “oceanic” identity is mostly formed in movement on the sea, Crusoe’s “insular” version seems to fend off any form of Otherness. For Equiano claiming familiarity is instrumental in the process of being recognised as a citizen, for Crusoe, the flight from familial obligations is part of the narrative appeal of his adventure. Thus, this chapter argues that while Black writing is often dismissed as imitative, it is in fact the marginalised perspective of the ex-slave that can be considered foundational of a more realistic description of intersubjectivity in English writing.
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Vasanthapriyan, Shanmuganathan. "Study of Employee Innovative Behavior in Sri Lankan Software Companies." In Human Factors in Global Software Engineering, 188–218. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-9448-2.ch008.
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Along with the advancement of the technology, software companies have to face a huge competition in the global market. To face this competition, innovations can be used as a strategic weapon. As employees are the main driving forces of innovation, their behavior can be a crucial factor in boosting innovation. Innovative behavior is referred as the introduction and application of new ideas, products, processes, and procedures to a person's work role or an organization. This behavior directly affects innovation performance of an organization. The main aim of this study is to identify the factors that affect employee innovative behavior and their effect in Sri Lankan software companies using a quantitative methodology. Apart from that, this study provides a conclusive summary of the current status of innovative behavior of employees. The initial step mapping study was done to find the past literature related to the research topic. From that study, 17 papers were identified as primary studies.
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Chacko, Priya. "Indira Gandhi, the “Long 1970s,” and the Cold War." In India and the Cold War, 178–96. University of North Carolina Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469651163.003.0009.
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This chapter focuses on Indira Gandhi’s turn to populism and authoritarianism from the late 1960s and 1970s. It is argued that populism and authoritarianism had a long-term impact on Indian politics and political economy by creating the conditions that facilitated the emergence of long-term processes of political fragmentation – due to the decline of the Congress Party and the rise of various social forces and political formations – and economic reform. The chapter first shows how Cold War interventionism played a key role in Indira Gandhi’s shift toward agrarian populist policies and authoritarianism. It then details the ways in which the outcomes of populism and authoritarianism laid the path for the turn to pro-business and pro-market policies as well as political fragmentation and democratic deepening. Hence, the chapter makes the case for seeing the 1970s as a critical juncture in Indian history which laid the foundations for the major economic and political changes India has recently experienced. Within this period, the Cold War context was a crucial factor in the decisions and choices made by the Indian leadership.
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Ruffing, Kai. "Driving Forces for Specialization: Market, Location Factors, Productivity Improvements." In Urban Craftsmen and Traders in the Roman World, 115–31. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198748489.003.0006.
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Petit, Nicolas. "Antitrust in Moligopoly Markets." In Big Tech and the Digital Economy, 172–237. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198837701.003.0006.
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This chapter draws the implications of the theory of moligopoly competition for antitrust law and policy. In digital industries, economic forces discounted in received theory produce socially beneficial incentives on monopoly firms to compete by indirect entry in untipped markets, when they understand that their monopoly rents in tipped markets are under pressure. Antitrust should thus focus on maintaining competitive pressure in markets that have tipped, and apply more forgiving rules towards the leveraging of market power in untipped markets. Besides, antitrust should adopt tools that allow fact finders to draw a better line between tipped and untipped markets, complementing inferences of monopoly power drawn from structural methods of market definition and evaluation of market power.
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Brint, Steven, and Jerome Karabel. "The Great Transformation: 1970–1985." In The Diverted Dream. Oxford University Press, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195048155.003.0008.
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During the 1970s, the community colleges were finally able to realize the vocationalization project that visionaries in the junior college movement from Koos to Gleazer had favored for almost half a century. Since the 1920s, as we saw in Chapters 2 and 3, the advocates of junior college vocationalization pursued their project in the face of persistent student indifference and occasional overt opposition. But in the early 1970s, a complex concatenation of forces—among them, a changed economic context and an unprecedented degree of support for vocational education from key institutions—including private foundations, the federal government, and business—tilted the balance in favor of the vocationalizers. A key factor behind the sharp increase in vocational enrollments at the community college, we shall argue, was the declining labor market for graduates of four-year institutions. But the objective change in the structure of economic opportunities for college graduates was not, as the consumer-choice model would have it, the sole factor responsible for the shift in junior college enrollments; indeed, the impact of such objective changes is, of necessity, mediated through subjective perceptions—perceptions that, we shall attempt to demonstrate below, tended to exaggerate the economic plight of college graduates. Moreover, the community college itself, driven by a powerful organizational interest in expanded enrollments and in carving out a secure niche for itself in the highly competitive higher education industry, actively shaped its economic environment by pursuing those segments of its potential market—in particular, adults and part-time students— most likely to enroll in occupational programs. By almost any standard, the rise in vocational enrollments during the 1970s was remarkable. Between 1970–1971 and 1979–1980, for example, the proportion of A.A. degrees awarded in occupational fields rose from 42.6 percent to 62.5 percent (Cohen and Brawer 1982, p. 203). With respect to total enrollments (full-time and part-time) the picture was similar: between 1970 and 1977, the proportion of students enrolled in occupational programs rose from less than one-third to well over half (Blackstone 1978). In the midst of a long-term decline in the liberal arts, Cohen and Brawer (1982, p. 23) observed, “occupational education stands like a colossus on its own.”
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Silajdzic, Sabina, and Eldin Mehic. "Institutions, Culture and Foreign Direct Investment in Transition Economies: Does Culture Matter and Why?" In Emerging Markets [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.95326.
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The aim of this research is to analyse the importance of cultural and institutional determinants in attracting FDI to transition countries. We rely on gravity econometric framework and examine the impact of cultural and institutional factors on FDI using bilateral FDI flows between home (i.e. major trading partners) and eight transition economies in the period 2000–2018. We study this relationship in an integrated framework considering principal gravity forces, traditional FDI determinants, policy and institutional factors. We provide strong and robust evidence that cultural factors, depicted in Hofmann cultural indices, influence MNCs’ locational decisions. Other things held constant, specific cultural features seem more important than formal institutions, which seems at odds with standard neoclassical propositions, and shed some new light on the way we understand international business transactions.
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Silajdzic, Sabina, and Eldin Mehic. "Institutions, Culture and Foreign Direct Investment in Transition Economies: Does Culture Matter and Why?" In Emerging Markets [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.95326.
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The aim of this research is to analyse the importance of cultural and institutional determinants in attracting FDI to transition countries. We rely on gravity econometric framework and examine the impact of cultural and institutional factors on FDI using bilateral FDI flows between home (i.e. major trading partners) and eight transition economies in the period 2000–2018. We study this relationship in an integrated framework considering principal gravity forces, traditional FDI determinants, policy and institutional factors. We provide strong and robust evidence that cultural factors, depicted in Hofmann cultural indices, influence MNCs’ locational decisions. Other things held constant, specific cultural features seem more important than formal institutions, which seems at odds with standard neoclassical propositions, and shed some new light on the way we understand international business transactions.
Conference papers on the topic "Market forces factor"
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Staudt, James E. "Optimizing Compliance Cost for Coal-Fired Electric Generating Facilities in a Multipollutant Control Environment." In ASME 2004 Power Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2004-52090.
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Higher natural gas prices have increased the importance of coal-fired generation at a time when environmental uncertainty is raising the risks of operating coal-fired units. The likely need for increased investment in environmental control technologies comes at a time when many electricity generators are under great financial stress. This combination of forces makes a structured and comprehensive approach to assessing compliance strategies essential to managing generating assets. The approach needs to incorporate the high degree of uncertainty that can be otherwise buried in key assumptions, such as regulatory requirements, market pricing of allowances, plant capacity factor, wholesale electric prices, etc. The approach should also facilitate testing of assumptions under a range of scenarios to allow for flexibility in possible compliance strategies. In this paper an approach for evaluating compliance risks and quantifying the potential costs under various scenarios will be described. The approach integrates market-based compliance mechanisms with capital improvements in control technology while providing methods to address the uncertainty of key assumptions. The approach facilitates optimizing the balance between market-based and technology-based compliance approaches so that the environmental compliance risk profile can be tailored to the specific situation. A unique feature of this approach is that it incorporates the effects of the market risk associated with emissions markets along with market derivative instruments designed to manage risk, while also incorporating comprehensive technology analysis so that costs and risks can be well quantified under any regulatory scenario. The approach lends itself to active scenario review to facilitate flexibility in decision making while avoiding premature commitments.
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Parthiban, Sujeeth, Christopher Yang, Loren Jones, Amit Baftiri, and Craig Niederberger. "Bicycle Riding, Arterial Compression and Erectile Dysfunction." In ASME 2012 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2012-80607.
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A National survey approximately estimates 57 million people rode a bicycle in 2002. Males were more likely to ride bicycle than were females1. Another survey estimates US bicycles and accessories sales in 2010 to be 6 billion dollars. Several research studies implicated bicycle riding as risk factor for erectile dysfunction2. One possible reason is ischemic injury due to compression of perennial arteries between the bony pelvis and the bicycle seat. Previous studies attempted to measure this damage employed several indirect methods including computational models3, pressure mats on a stationary bike4, measuring transcutaneous oxygen pressure in the penis5, MR imaging of the pelvic region6, doppler flowmetry. None of these studies measured forces exerted directly on the perennial arteries and correlated to each riders occlusion force. Most of these studies are done on a stationary bike set up inside the lab. The objective of our study is to build a device to measure the forces exerted on the perennial arteries and develop a method to correlate the forces with each riders occlusion force. Another goal is to conduct the rides on the road where actual bike riding takes place. Recent publications4 suggested that cutting off the nose from the saddles may help to prevent the damage to the arteries. Based on these findings several noseless seats came to market. We also wanted to test some of them in our study.
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Torselletti, Enrico, Luigino Vitali, Erik Levold, and Kim J. Mo̸rk. "Submarine Pipeline Installation JIP: Strength and Deformation Capacity of Pipes Passing Over the S-Lay Vessel Stinger." In 25th International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2006-92378.
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The development of deep water gas fields using trunklines to carry the gas to the markets is sometime limited by the feasibility/economics of the construction phase. In particular there is a market for using S-lay vessels in water depth larger than 1000m. The S-lay feasibility depends on the applicable tension at the tensioner which is a function of water depth, stinger length and stinger curvature (for given stinger length by its curvature). This means that, without major vessel up-grading and to avoid too long stingers that are prone to damages caused by environmental loads, the application of larger stinger curvatures than presently allowed by current regulations/state of the art is needed. The work presented in this paper is a result of the project “Development of a Design Guideline for Submarine Pipeline Installation” sponsored by STATOIL and HYDRO. The technical activities are performed in co-operation by DNV, STATOIL and SNAMPROGETTI. The scope of the project is to produce a LRFD (Load Resistant Factor Design) design guideline to be used in the definition and application of design criteria for the laying phase e.g. to S and J-lay methods/equipment. The guideline covers D/t from 15 to 45 and applied strains over the overbend in excess of 0.5%. This paper addresses the failure modes relevant for combined high curvatures/strains, axial, external pressure and local forces due to roller over the stinger of an S-lay vessel and to sea bottom contacts, particularly: • Residual pipe ovality after laying, • Maximum strain and bending moment capacity. Analytical equations are proposed in accordance with DNV OS F101 philosophy and design format.
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Korovkin, Andrey. "Labor Force Intersectoral Movement As A Factor Of Russian Labor Market Development." In IV International Scientific Conference "Competitiveness and the development of socio-economic systems" dedicated to the memory of Alexander Tatarkin. European Publisher, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2021.04.62.
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Wiendahl, Hans-Peter, Christian Fiebig, and Roberto Herna´ndez. "The Transformable and Reconfigurable Factory: Strategies, Methods and Case Study." In ASME 2002 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2002-32960.
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The often discussed challenge facing today’s manufacturing companies can be summarized in just a few words: the rapid fulfillment of customers’ requests in agile networks to secure a competitive position in the market. The continual changes occurring in the markets demand greater agility on the part of companies in adjusting to changing circumstances. In the past years, persistent pressures from the market forced enterprises to fundamentally reconsider their production concepts regarding quality and delivery reliability, among other things. The realization of those goals was closely related to a consistent reduction of setup times and to the creation of thorough and easy setting-up procedures. If this idea is transferred to the entrepreneurial level, the necessary continualy modification, transformation and reconfiguration of factories in response to their turbulent environment may be understood as analogous to technical setting-up. Along the value-added chain, components or elements of agility allow for an “easily transformable factory”.
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Miao Renbing and Wang Zhenyan. "Creative driving force and market rational factors in innovation path selection." In 2010 IEEE International Conference on Emergency Management and Management Sciences (ICEMMS). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icemms.2010.5563413.
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Brazinskas, Sigitas. "Foreign Market Selection Methods in a Changing International Trade Environment: the Case of Lithuanian SMEs." In Contemporary Issues in Business, Management and Education. VGTU Technika, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/cibme.2015.09.
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International business environment is changing: globalization, trade sanctions, domestic regulations, international operations across different cultures, importance of communication, demand of sustainable supply chains and other factors force companies to diversify their markets continuously, adapt foreign market development strategies and meet market requirements at a large scale. A dilemma for SMEs is obvious as the future road in foreign market selection is uncertain: global or regional approach has to be followed. The objective of this paper is to unravel and assess market selection methods and market diversification situation as well as analyze their future strategic international trade trends in regional and global perspective. Implemented on-line survey of 450 Lithuanian vendors aimed to unlock and answer methods used in market selection, analyze market diversification situation and assess future approach towards regional and global development. The survey results reveal the perspective of Lithuanian vendors regarding their approach to use market selection methods, a demand of more formal and research based approach as well as development components versus promotion. By incorporating view on diversification, market selection methods and future market entries methods, the paper provides with a more complete view on international trade strategies development set for SMEs and their five-year vision of regional integration approach.
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Sheng, Shilun, Johan Flegler, Balazs Janos Becs, and Michael Dankert. "HCF Component Tests on Full-Scale Low Pressure Steam Turbine End Stage Blades." In ASME Turbo Expo 2016: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2016-56988.
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The design of steam turbine components is driven by high efficiency demands and also requirements for increased operational flexibility due to more renewable energy sources being added to the grid. Therefore, fossil power plants which operate reliably under these conditions must be designed. Robust low pressure (LP) end stage blades are one key factor for modern steam turbine design to meet current and future market requirements. In operation, LP end stage blades of steam turbines are exposed to complex mechanical load, resulting in stresses mainly due to blade vibration and high centrifugal forces. Design methods accounting for high cycle fatigue (HCF) and low cycle fatigue (LCF) are required for fatigue lifetime calculation. To determine the HCF component strength and to validate the calculation procedure, an HCF component test facility for full-scale LP end stage blades has recently been established at Siemens. Besides the validation of the calculation procedures, the full-scale component tests serve as part of upfront validation to minimize risk for first time implementation of newly developed as well as next generation blades, and to demonstrate operational robustness of the existing fleet. This paper describes the development and setup of the HCF component test facility for full-scale LP end stage blades at Siemens, the successful execution of HCF component tests with blades of different sizes, surface conditions and materials, and the evaluation of the results. In addition, crack growth and threshold behavior has been investigated in detail. Based on the test results, validation of the corresponding calculation methods has been performed. An outlook on further development of test facilities is provided.
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Stepanova, E. N. "THE CURRENT STATE OF THE PACKAGING INDUSTRY AS A FACTOR OF OPTIMIZATION OF SOME LOGISTIC PROCESSES." In New forms of production and entrepreneurship in the coordinates of neo-industrial development of the economy. PD of KSUEL, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.38161/978-5-7823-0731-8-2020-205-210.
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Modern packaging is one of the key keys to the successful sale of products. The criteria of reliability, safety and aesthetic attractiveness help to promote the product and increase its popularity in the eyes of potential buyers. The printing market offers a wide range of materials - from cardboard and glass to polypropylene and natural fabrics, which allow the most careful to bring the product to the consumer and as effectively as possible to present it on the shelves store or exhibition centre.
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Sönmezer, Sıtkı, and Gürol Aytüre. "Dynamics in Turkish Housing Market." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c11.02248.
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The recent economic crises of the summer 2018 has led to hiking foreign currency prices and an increased risk perception. Moreover, promising returns of alternative investments has convinced investors to refrain from the housing market and the demand in real estate market has fallen significantly. Measuring the demand for housing precisely is crucial for overcoming economic difficulties as well as understanding the profitability, liquidity and the future of construction sector in Turkey. In this study, significant factors that have impact on the demand for real estate market are assumed to be dynamic. Different regimes are formed based on interest rates and factors like housing prices, location, mortgage rates, bond rates, foreign currency returns, gold returns and iron prices are used to test the changes in the demand for real estate.
Reports on the topic "Market forces factor"
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Prysyazhnyi, Mykhaylo. UNIQUE, BUT UNCOMPLETED PROJECTS (FROM HISTORY OF THE UKRAINIAN EMIGRANT PRESS). Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2021.50.11093.
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In the article investigational three magazines which went out after Second World war in Germany and Austria in the environment of the Ukrainian emigrants, is «Theater» (edition of association of artists of the Ukrainian stage), «Student flag» (a magazine of the Ukrainian academic young people is in Austria), «Young friends» (a plastoviy magazine is for senior children and youth). The thematic structure of magazines, which is inferior the association of different on age, is considered, by vital experience and professional orientation of people in the conditions of the forced emigration, paid regard to graphic registration of magazines, which, without regard to absence of the proper publisher-polydiene bases, marked structuralness and expressiveness. A repertoire of periodicals of Ukrainian migration is in the American, English and French areas of occupation of Germany and Austria after Second world war, which consists of 200 names, strikes the tipologichnoy vseokhopnistyu and testifies to the high intellectual level of the moved persons, desire of yaknaynovishe, to realize the considerable potential in new terms with hope on transference of the purchased experience to Ukraine. On ruins of Europe for two-three years the network of the press, which could be proud of the European state is separately taken, is created. Different was a period of their appearance: from odnogo-dvokh there are to a few hundred numbers, that it is related to intensive migration of Ukrainians to the USA, Canada, countries of South America, Australia. But indisputable is a fact of forming of conceptions of newspapers and magazines, which it follows to study, doslidzhuvati and adjust them to present Ukrainian realities. Here not superfluous will be an example of a few editions on the thematic range of which the names – «Plastun» specify, «Skob», «Mali druzi», «Sonechko», «Yunackiy shliah», «Iyzhak», «Lys Mykyta» (satire, humour), «Literaturna gazeta», «Ukraina і svit», «Ridne slovo», «Hrystyianskyi shliah», «Golos derzhavnyka», «Ukrainskyi samostiynyk», «Gart», «Zmag» (sport), «Litopys politviaznia», «Ukrains’ka shkola», «Torgivlia i promysel», «Gospodars’ko-kooperatyvne zhyttia», «Ukrainskyi gospodar», «Ukrainskyi esperantist», «Radiotehnik», «Politviazen’», «Ukrainskyi selianyn» Considering three riznovektorni magazines «Teatr» (edition of Association Mistciv the Ukrainian Stage), «Studentskyi prapor» (a magazine of the Ukrainian academic young people is in Austria), «Yuni druzi» (a plastoviy magazine is for senior children and youth) assert that maintenance all three magazines directed on creation of different on age and by the professional orientation of national associations for achievement of the unique purpose – cherishing and maintainance of environments of ukrainstva, identity, in the conditions of strange land. Without regard to unfavorable publisher-polydiene possibilities, absence of financial support and proper encouragement, release, followed the intensive necessity of concentration of efforts for achievement of primary purpose – receipt and re-erecting of the Ukrainian State.