Relevant bibliographies by topics / Marketing - Evolution

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Marketing - Evolution'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 11 June 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Marketing - Evolution"

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Kuazaqui, Edmir, and Teresinha Covas Lisboa. "Marketing: The Evolution of Digital Marketing." Archives of Business Research 7, no. 9 (2019): 89–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/abr.79.7027.

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 The present qualitative research had the objective of presenting a study on Marketing evolution, in order to demonstrate the changes and transformations that occurred to meet market demands. Without Marketing, we would not have the products and services available on a large scale, to the detriment of regional demands and offers, guaranteeing opportunities for all those that want to develop businesses. The methodology of the study consisted in the use of bibliographical and field techniques. The marketing evolution concept was presented, from traditional to digital, from the common to the different and disruptive, and within the conception of Marketing 4.0. It was concluded that the companies are inserted in environments of great changes and transformations and that they must perceive these changes in order to accompany the new generations in relation to the digital environment and the instruments used for its operati
 
 
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Shadrin, Vladislav, and Olga Kotova. "Digital Marketing Evolution." Bulletin of Kemerovo State University. Series: Political, Sociological and Economic sciences 2020, no. 2 (2020): 263–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.21603/2500-3372-2020-5-2-263-269.

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Marketing complex acquires a new content as it tries to adjust itself to the changing business practices and consumer behavior. The research objective was to study the content of Marketing 4.0 and the changing relationship between the brand and the consumer. The authors conducted a comparative analysis of the changes in marketing concepts, which proved that consumers have become partners in marketing communications. Internet communities and opinion leaders proved to affect consumer behavior. Social networks and messengers shape attitude of whole communities. The research revealed an increasing role of customization and personalization in the promotion of brands and products in the era of digitalization. Consumer experience and pleasure derived from marketing interaction are becoming more and more important. Previously obtained materials made it possible to define the change in the marketing complex in the digital economy from 4P to 4C. New consumer communities search for information on the Internet, thus overlooking traditional methods of marketing communications.
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Mazurek-Łopacińska, Krystyna, and Magdalena Sobocińska. "Content Marketing in the Aspect of the Evolution of Internet Function and the Development of Marketing Concept." Marketing i Zarządzanie 52 (2018): 83–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.18276/miz.2018.52-08.

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Kuyucu, Mihalis. "MUSIC MARKETING EVOLUTION FROM TRADITIONAL TO DIGITAL MARKETING." Socrates Journal of Interdisciplinary Social Researches 7, no. 9 (2021): 14–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.51293/socrates.27.

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Fullerton, Ronald A. "How Modern is Modern Marketing? Marketing's Evolution and the Myth of the “Production Era”." Journal of Marketing 52, no. 1 (1988): 108–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002224298805200109.

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The widely accepted belief in a Production Era implies that serious and sophisticated marketing is a recent phenomenon. Analyzing conditions in Britain, Germany, and the United States, the author shows that the Production Era concept obscures the extent and level of development of earlier marketing practice, as do the Sales Era and Marketing Era concepts. A new model of marketing's evolution is used to propose a more accurate periodization of modern marketing's development.
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Morosan, Cristian, John T. Bowen, and Morgan Atwood. "The evolution of marketing research." International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management 26, no. 5 (2014): 706–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijchm-11-2013-0515.

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Purpose – The purpose of this study is to provide a domain statement for hospitality marketing research. The objectives of the study are to analyze the evolution of hospitality marketing research over the past 25 years, determine how the research paradigms changed over time in hospitality marketing relative to mainstream marketing and provide scholars with suggestions for developing and managing a marketing research agenda. The findings of this study help not only scholars involved in marketing research but also hospitality scholars across all disciplines. Design/methodology/approach – A content analysis of > 1,700 marketing articles is provided, with articles published in three leading hospitality journals and one mainstream marketing journal over a 25-year period. Additionally, the authors consulted leading hospitality scholars to solicit their views and suggestions on hospitality marketing research. Findings – The results show the evolution of hospitality marketing over a 25-year period. This provides insights into how hospitality has unique aspects, which can lead to contributions in mainstream marketing. Originality/value – Due to its longitudinal nature and breadth (e.g., number of journals covered), this is the most comprehensive study of hospitality marketing research. The findings of the study provide direction for all hospitality scholars as well as those involved in hospitality marketing research.
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Manea, Natalia, and Mihaela PURCARU. "THE EVOLUTION OF EDUCATIONAL MARKETING." Annals of Spiru Haret University. Economic Series 17, no. 4 (2017): 37–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.26458/1744.

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The association of the term ‘educational’ to the term ‘marketing’ generates a specialized domain, by applying methods, politics and marketing strategies in the area of education. Due to the cultural, social and complex role of the education, educational marketing represents a part of the services marketing, the social marketing and the non-profit organizations. By offering mandatory educational services, financed from the state budget, the school units, through their activity, respect the principles of social marketing, regardless of the financial benefits that result from the provision of these services. This article aims to place educational marketing below the conceptual level in the field of service marketing; the reference works in the field of educational marketing are not many, a consequence of the fact that this is a new field.
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Hutton, James G. "Integrated marketing communications and the evolution of marketing thought." Journal of Business Research 37, no. 3 (1996): 155–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0148-2963(96)00065-3.

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Hills, Gerald E., Lee Hertzman, Sumaria Mohan-Neill, et al. "Marketing Theory: Evolution and Evaluation." Journal of Marketing 54, no. 1 (1990): 138. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1252180.

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Sharma, Prabhanjan, and Beaulah Soundarabai P. "Evolution of Social Media Marketing." IJARCCE 6, no. 3 (2017): 147–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.17148/ijarcce.2017.6331.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Marketing - Evolution"

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Handtmann, Henry H. "The Evolution of Political Marketing: 1952 to Present." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2012. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/360.

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According to the American Marketing Association (AMA), marketing is defined as the activity, set of institutions, and processes for creating, communicating, delivering, and exchanging offerings that have value for customers, clients, partners, and society at large.[1] To do this, marketing institutions have developed systematic processes for evaluating the wants and needs of the masses, and designed mechanisms to persuade large groups of people, as well as smaller targeted markets. If the "product" is a presidential candidate…. The marketing objective of a political party / candidate is to communicate, deliver, and exchange offerings (policies for votes). Hence, political campaigning and traditional marketing have similar objectives. For clarity, the term candidate and political party are synonymous when applied to marketing concepts. In the 1950s, marketing experts realized the potential of selling the value of their candidate, party, and specific initiatives, through a systematic process now known as "political marketing."[2] This study will review the evolution of political marketing, evaluate how several presidential candidates gained a competitive advantage over their opponents by both utilizing traditional marketing practices, and, with social marketing, gained leverage with the Internet. It concludes with the significance of the Internet, online campaigning, social media, and their collective effects on the current and future of the political system. [1] "Definition of Marketing," The American Marketing Association, http://www.marketingpower.com/AboutAMA/Pages/DefinitionofMarketing.aspx. [2] Dominic Wring, "The Marketing Colonization of Political Campaigning," in The Handbook of Political Marketing, ed. by Bruce I. Newman. (London: Sage Publications, Inc, 1999), 44-45.
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Mitchell, Lorianne D., and Dana Harrison. "The Evolution of Ford Motor Company’s Green Marketing Strategy." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2012. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/8332.

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Myungseop, Lee. "The evolution of place marketing : focusing on Korean place marketing and its changing political context." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10036/4061.

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Over the last three decades, within the context of globalisation and intensified inter-urban competition, we have observed the growing use of market-centred strategy such as ‘marketing or branding places’. Despite the worsening of the economic situation since the 2008 global financial crisis, the overall trend of expansion of place marketing based on marketing science keeps going further in many cities in South Korea. Why does this phenomenon happen? How can we interpret it at this time? What does this mean for the cities and their residents? In order to answer these questions, this thesis attempts to understand the process of place marketing projects, and analyse how they were politically formed and what their actual effects were for residents. In addition, it develops a critical understanding of the evolution of urban place marketing projects from the political perspective in Gwangju, South Korea: the Gwangju Biennale, the Asian Culture Complex, the Dome Baseball Stadium, the Urban Folly, and the Gwangju Universiade 2015. Through a nation-wide Korean expert survey and a case study of Gwangju, this research shows that Korean place marketing shares common trends with Western cities as well as having some specifically Korean characteristics. In particular, it tries to reveal the evolving nature of Korean place marketing by employing a combination of multi-scalar and cultural politics approaches. The thesis concludes that some Korean cities such as Gwangju have moved toward neo-liberalisation by employing entrepreneurial strategies of place marketing.
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Lindgren, Nikki, and Claes Lindgren. "Marketing’s Evolution as an Economic Development Strategy : a Washington County, Utah Case Study." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för ekonomi, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-9891.

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ABSTRACT       Authors:                                 Nikki Lindgren and Claes Lindgren   Professor:                               Stig Sörling   Title:                                       Marketing’s Evolution as an Economic Development Strategy: A Washington County, Utah Case Study   Background:                          Economic development has been a priority of areas for some time. In the mid-1980s, economic policies and marketing practices joined forces. During this time, cities, regions, states and countries began a clear shift from narrow economic development views to a broader set of strategies to attract new and maintain old businesses, boost tourism, attract investors and expand overseas trade. Today, places have increased their use of highly sophisticated marketing strategies aimed at building competitive markets while targeting specific buyers and positioning the community’s resources to respond to specialized buyer needs and desires.   Aim and Purpose:                 The purpose of the study is twofold: first, to explore how place marketing fits into general marketing efforts and secondly, to provide insights into what factors influence the success of places. Three questions were developed to assist in the direction of the research and to assist in gaining practical and tactical insights obtainable through a case study analysis.   Methodology:                         Theoretical and empirical data is provided and analyzed using the actor’s approach. Primary data is collected via direct observations, email, phone interviews and open dialogues. Secondary data is collected via Internet, magazines and newspapers and meeting notes to provide further depth and to elaborate upon the theoretical findings.   Results:                                   We expect the study to highlight important phenomena that occur when viewing place marketing as a general marketing effort. We also expect to uncover practical “success factor” insights into place marketing from which civic and private entities can learn.
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Andersson, Per. "Concurrence, transition and evolution : perspectives of industrial marketing change processes." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm : Economic Research Institute, Stockholm School of Economics [Ekonomiska forskningsinstitutet vid Handelshögsk.] (EFI), 1996. http://www.hhs.se/efi/summary/409.htm.

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Thorpe, Eleri Rhian. "Mid-level marketing managers and marketing strategy implementation effectiveness : an empirical study from the guided evolution perspective." Thesis, Aberystwyth University, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.529899.

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Kennedy, Eric. "The Evolution of Brand Co-Creation: Models and Exploration of Stakeholders' Motivations." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2017. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1011858/.

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Co-creation is an emerging phenomenon that occurs when two or more parties work together to create value. Co-creation, which is a key component to service dominant logic, is present in business to business, business to consumer, and consumer to consumer processes. This dissertation will focus on the business to consumer (and consumer to business) co-creation relationship. Much of the current business to consumer co-creation literature is qualitative in nature, with quantitative work just now beginning to emerge. As such, there is still much about the phenomenon of co-creation that is not understood. When looking at co-creation in the context of brand management, even less is known. In today's age of digital interaction where consumers are gaining more power on a daily basis, practitioners and academics should understand the motivations for consumers to engage brands in co-creation and what the outcomes of these co-creation partnerships are. Because of this, the dissertation contains three essays with the purpose of (1) identifying the motivations for co-creation from consumer and brand perspectives, (2) exploring each of these motivators on their individual relationship to the outcome of co-creation, and (3) understanding how the perceived ability to influence a brand impacts the outcomes of co-creation. Essay 1, titled "Co-creation of brand identities: consumer and industry influence and motivations," aims to develop an understanding of the phenomena of co-creation and how the practice is used in shaping brand identities. Two studies are undertaken to provide insight into co-creation. First, a qualitative study is used to gain insight from key decision makers with responsibility for a brand. Second, a study of millennial consumers is used to develop the antecedents of consumer motivations of co-creation of brand identities. This essay then presents a comprehensive framework that encompasses two models (industry and consumer) of brand identity co-creation. Much of the current literature on co-creation is conceptual or qualitative, and these results provide the analytical support for the building blocks of co-creation theory development. Essay 2, titled "An examination of the factors leading to consumer co-creation of brand," further explores the consumer model of co-creation proposed in Essay 1. Through a series of five studies, the factors of social, fun, brand compatibility, brand commitment, and communication appeal are analyzed individually to determine how each factor impacts the consumers' willingness to engage in co-creation. The results of this study expand the academic knowledge of co-creation, by providing information about why consumers engage with brands in co-creation. Additionally, practitioners will benefit from the descriptive results which provide insight into which motivations a brand should manipulate if it wishes to engage consumers in co-creation. Essay 3, titled "When perceived ability to influence plays a role: brand co-creation in web 2.0," examines how co-creation is impacted by consumers' attributions about a brand's ability to be influenced. Through two studies, focusing on millennial consumers, this essay seeks to understand the attributions that consumers make about brands, what kind of attributions are made, and what the outcome of these attributions are – in terms of co-creation and perceived influence. This essay enhances the current knowledge on the co-creation phenomena and provides insight into the importance of a brand being perceived as being able to be influenced, which will lead to co-creation and increased purchase intentions. In sum, the three essays contained in this dissertation specify a framework for the antecedents of co-creation, an in-depth analysis of those antecedents, and an examination of how perceived influence impacts co-creation. The resulting body of work provides academics and practitioners with a base to better understand the process of co-creation.
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Wherry, Julie S. "Simulated test marketing : its evolution and current state in the industry." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/37225.

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Thesis (M.B.A.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, 2006.<br>Includes bibliographical references (p. 33-34).<br>Simulated test markets are powerful tools that are used frequently to aid marketing managers in making a go/no-go decision before bringing a product to test market. Over the past twenty years, STMs have expanded beyond application in fast-moving consumer goods to industries such as financial services, pharmaceuticals, durables, and new technology. Today, the STM industry is fairly consolidated, with models that are in principal, very similar, whether they are based in purchase intent or share of preference. However, the major vendors discussed here are able to differentiate and position themselves through additional diagnostics and customized services. Advances in data collection and incremental refinements to STM models are presented in addition to challenges that the STM industry currently faces.<br>by Julie S. Wherry.<br>M.B.A.
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Laurie, Leona 1976. "Web 2.0 and the Marketing of Media: The (R)evolution of Product." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/7894.

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xi, 83 p. A print copy of this thesis is available through the UO Libraries. Search the library catalog for the location and call number.<br>Traditional media companies are launching new marketing strategies that make use of the tools Web 2.0, the interactive Internet, has to offer. This thesis examines the elements of the traditional marketing mix (Product, Price, Place, and Promotion) in a Web 2.0 context. Using generative criticism to conduct a rhetorical analysis of articles from Billboard and Variety magazines and a series of interviews with marketing practitioners, I present case studies and industry context for two media companies-Live Nation and NBC-that typify the transition into the digital era. The themes that emerge support my argument that the ultimate effect Web 2.0 is having on the marketing of media is a blurring of the lines between the elements of the marketing mix and increasing ambiguity in the definition of product. These findings are consistent with the principles of remediation theory, the idea that new media embrace old media and transform them.<br>Advisers: Julianne H. Newton, Kelli Matthews, Patricia Curtin
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Smith, Blake. "The Evolution of the Marketing and Branding Strategies for the National Parks." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2019. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/3568.

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Since the first national park Yellowstone was established, people from across the world have come to visit the natural wonders that our national parks have to offer. While much empirical research has been conducted concerning the marketing and branding strategies of non-profit organizations, government agencies, and tourism destinations; not much has been conducted on national parks. This research seeks to understand how our national parks have marketed and branded themselves over time and determine how marketing and branding will play a role in the development and conservation of the parks. This research was conducted utilizing in- depth methods such as an autoethnographic reflection and content analysis. Throughout the content analysis, themes arose amongst the strategies of the national parks over time such as “Romanticism,” “Exploration,” “Nature Preservation,” and many more discussed throughout this research. Each of these unique themes represents what was culturally important.
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Books on the topic "Marketing - Evolution"

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Shaw, Susan A., and Neil Hood, eds. Marketing in Evolution. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-14089-3.

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Gilbreath, Bob. The Next Evolution of Marketing. McGraw-Hill, 2009.

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1936-, Gardner David Morgan, and Garrett Dennis E, eds. Marketing theory: Evolution and evaluation. Wiley, 1988.

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Gilbreath, Bob. The next evolution of marketing: Connect with your customers by marketing with meaning. McGraw-Hill, 2010.

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Corali, Enrico. The Italian natural gas market evolution. F. Angeli, 2001.

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Dawson, John A. Retail evolution and structure in Europe. University of Edinburgh, Management School, 1999.

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Corali, Enrico. The Italian natural gas market evolution. F. Angeli, 2001.

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Ferguson, Charles. The evolution of professional marketing within U.K. building societies. Queen's University, 1993.

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Agarwal, Rajshree. The market evolution and sales take-off of product innovations. Marketing Science Institute, 2002.

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Fullerton, Ronald A. How modern is modern marketing?: Marketing's evolution and the myth of the "production era". American Marketing Association, 1988.

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Book chapters on the topic "Marketing - Evolution"

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Petersen, Dennis. "Affiliate Marketing." In Brand Evolution. Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-15816-3_17.

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Wensley, Robin. "Another Oxymoron in Marketing: Marketing Strategy." In Marketing in Evolution. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-14089-3_3.

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Jürgens, Sven. "App-Marketing für Unternehmen." In Brand Evolution. Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-15816-3_23.

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Zimmermann, Thomas. "Digitale Markenführung mit Affiliate Marketing." In Brand Evolution. Gabler, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-8349-6913-2_17.

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Vorndran, Elke. "E-Mail-Marketing – Dialogorientierte Markenkommunikation." In Brand Evolution. Gabler, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-8349-6913-2_18.

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Rajagopal. "Evolution of Marketing Scholarship." In Transgenerational Marketing. Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-33926-5_1.

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Shaw, Susan A., and Neil Hood. "Introduction." In Marketing in Evolution. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-14089-3_1.

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Saunders, John. "Star of Marketing Academe: the Person, the Place, the Nation, the World, the Universe and Everything." In Marketing in Evolution. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-14089-3_10.

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Grönroos, Christian. "The Rise and Fall of Modern Marketing — and its Rebirth." In Marketing in Evolution. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-14089-3_2.

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Shaw, Susan A., and John A. Dawson. "The Evolution of Distribution Channels for Consumer Goods." In Marketing in Evolution. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-14089-3_4.

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Conference papers on the topic "Marketing - Evolution"

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Liu, Quanhong. "The Evolution of Marketing Capability Theory." In 2010 International Conference on Management and Service Science (MASS 2010). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icmss.2010.5578191.

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Ustinova, Olga, Svetlana Karpova, and Kirill Turbanov. "Evolution of technologies in marketing: leading trends." In Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Social, Business, and Academic Leadership (ICSBAL 2019). Atlantis Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icsbal-19.2019.21.

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Prinsloo, J. J., T. G. Pelser, and P. S. Radikonyana. "MARKETING EVOLUTION OF PERFORMANCE ENHANCING DRUGS IN PROFESSIONAL CYCLING." In 54th International Academic Virtual Conference, Prague. International Institute of Social and Economic Sciences, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.20472/iac.2020.054.021.

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Yazdanifard, Rashad, Wan Fadzilah Wan Yusoff, Azade Dehghan Pour, and Ludovic Froget. "The evolution of internet marketing: holistic diagram of underlying theories." In International Association of Management Science and Engineering Technology. WIT Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/aie120811.

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Estima, Ana, and Susana Marques. "EXAMINING THE EVOLUTION OF MARKETING CURRICULA IN PORTUGAL – A LONGITUDINAL STUDY." In 14th annual International Conference of Education, Research and Innovation. IATED, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21125/iceri.2021.0516.

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Ma, Jing, and Xiao-Hong Qin. "The Evolution Model of Enterprise Marketing Networks Based on Complex Network Theory." In 2013 Fifth International Conference on Computational and Information Sciences (ICCIS). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccis.2013.103.

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Zhao, J., J. He, F. Yu, and G. H. Zhan. "Evolution of corporate marketing model based on the era of big data." In 2015 International Conference on Social Science, Education Management and Sports Education. Atlantis Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/ssemse-15.2015.393.

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Savych, Oleksandr, and Tetiana Shkoda. "The concept of marketing efforts consolidation at the global car market." In 11th International Scientific Conference „Business and Management 2020“. VGTU Technika, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/bm.2020.542.

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The purpose of the study is to research the peculiarities of the marketing concept development and form the concept of marketing efforts consolidation on the global car market. There are achieved the following principal objectives: 1) to research the evolution of marketing concepts; 2) to define the elements of the concept of marketing efforts consolidation; 3) to form the peculiarities and build the model of the concept of marketing efforts consolidation on the global car market. The results of the research are the created concept of marketing efforts consolidation on the global car market that is intended to accelerate sales and profits of car manufacturers as well as to be used by companies from different commodities markets. The method of systematic, critical and comparative analysis as well as synthesis and modeling method is employed.
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Morgina, Elena Sergeevna. "THE EVOLUTION OF VIEWS ON THE GENESIS OF THE SALES FUNNEL MARKETING CONCEPT AND ITS MODERN CONTENT." In Russian science: actual researches and developments. Samara State University of Economics, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46554/russian.science-2020.03-1-239/246.

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Currently there is a significant lag in theoretical and practical ideas regarding approaches to sales management from the realities of modern business. This article is devoted to the study of the actual marketing concept of sales management by systematizing practical and scientific provisions. The result of the study is the formation of a modern approach to sales management based on the cross-functional integration of marketing, sales and service, providing a comprehensive building of relationships with the buyer and effective interaction with him.
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Matthews, Jason, Baljinder Singh, Glen Mullineux, and Tony Medland. "Modelling the Evolution of Packaging Systems for Product Variation." In ASME 2008 9th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2008-59144.

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Manufacturing practices such as mass customization mean producers are often making changes to their product and its respective packaging. Many of these changes arise over short periods due to marketing and customer demands. Some products are stable over long periods whilst others are short lived or seasonal. This paper presents an approach employing the capability of a constraint-based modelling environment to model and simulate variations in machine design configuration to cope with evolving product. The paper continues to explain the product effects, and how understanding product constraint relationships can offer the full understanding of the processing capability for the change product.
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Reports on the topic "Marketing - Evolution"

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Zilberman, David, Amir Heiman, and Yanhong Jin. Use of Branding and Sampling in Agricultural Fresh Produce. United States Department of Agriculture, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2013.7697116.bard.

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The original proposal has three main objectives: a conceptual framework on willingness to pay (WTP) for fruits and vegetables, the introduction of branding and sampling in fresh food, and empirical applications to the United States and Israel. We modified our research plan over time based on availability of data and emergence of new problems. We expanded the range of products to include poultry and the range of techniques to use real experiments as well as more traditional surveys. We expanded the range of problems to understand attitudes toward genetically modified (GM) food. There is a growing interest in introduction of marketing tools like demonstration sampling, money-back guarantees, labeling, and brands in agriculture. These marketing tools are important for enhancing demand for agricultural products and food safety. However, the methodology needed to assess the effectiveness of these tools and understand their performance in different agricultural sectors is limited. Our analysis demonstrated the importance of brands as a marketing tool in agriculture. In particular, we showed conceptually that strong brands can be substitutes for other marketing tools like sampling or demonstration. We were able to conduct real experiments for the demand for safe chicken and show that consumers are willing to pay significantly more for products branded as more safe. Yet, using experiments in Israel and the United States, we found that WTP for brands of fresh fruits and vegetables is smaller than in other product categories. Warning labels are a sort of negative branding. The GM-free labeling is particularly important since it serves as a trade barrier to U.S. crops exports. Our analysis of acceptance of GM products found that WTP for GM products in Israel and the United States depends on framing of information about the impact ofGM and the quantity of information disclosed. Finally, in analyzing the evolution of support for Proposition 37 that aimed to introduce mandatory labeling of GM in California, we found that support for mandatory labeling ofGM products is broad as long as it is not perceived to be costly. Our project demonstrates the feasibility of conducting real experiments to assess consumer demand in agriculture. When looking at interdisciplinary groups, one can design new products and assess the WTP for their characteristics. We also show that, while branding is a very strong marketing tool, its use in fresh fruit and vegetables is likely to be limited. However, brands can be important with processed food. Furthermore, we have proven that, while some consumers strongly object to GM products, most consumers in the United States and Israel would be willing to buy them for a discount, and some would pay extra if they are associated with improved characteristics. Finally, we expanded the notion of warning labels to calorie information and showed that the response to calorie information depends on gender, education, and how the information is presented.
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Salavisa, Isabel, Mark Soares, and Sofia Bizarro. A Critical Assessment of Organic Agriculture in Portugal: A reflection on the agro-food system transition. DINÂMIA'CET-Iscte, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.15847/dinamiacet-iul.wp.2021.05.

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Over the last few decades, the organic agriculture sector has experienced sustained growth. Globally, as well as in the European Union and Portugal, organic production accounts for just under 10% of total Utilised Agricultural Area (UAA) (FiBL, 2019; Eurostat, 2019; DGADR, 2019; INE, 2019; GPP, 2019). This growth has been seen in terms of production, number of producers, amount of retail sales, imports and exports. This article attempts to build on the multi-level perspective (MLP) of the socio-technical (ST) transitions theory by employing a whole systems analysis (Geels, 2018) of organic agriculture in Portugal, which defends an integrated vision of the systems, where multiple interactions occur within and among the niche, the regime and the landscape levels. This approach has been employed in order to develop a critical analysis of the current state of the Portuguese organic agriculture sector, stressing the multiplicity of elements that are contributing to the agro-food system´s transformation into a more sustainable one. In fact, the agro-food system is related with climate change but also has connections with other domains such as public health, water management, land use and biodiversity. Therefore, it is affected by shifts in these areas. This analysis considers developments in increasing domestic organic production, number of producers, amount of retail sales, imports, exports, market innovations, and the sector´s reconfiguration. The organic sector´s increase has been attributed to European regulation, institutionalization, standardization, farmer certification, external (government) subsidy support programs, incremental market improvements (visibility and product access), the emergence of new retailers, the rise of supporting consumers and a shift away from conventional agriculture (Truninger, 2010; DGADR, 2019; Pe´er et al, 2019). However, together with positive incentives, this sector also faces numerous barriers that are hindering a faster transformation. Difficulties for the sector to date have included: product placement; a disconnect between production, distribution and marketing systems; high transport costs; competition from imports; European subsidies focused on extensive crops (pastures, olive groves, and arable crops), entailing a substantial growth in the area of pasture to the detriment of other crops; the fact that the products that are in demand (fresh vegetables and fruit) are being neglected by Portuguese producers; expensive certification procedures; lack of adequate support and market expertise for national producers; the hybrid configuration of the sector; and price. Organic agriculture as a niche-innovation is still not greatly contributing to overall agricultural production. The low supply of organic products, despite its ever-increasing demand, suggests that a transition to increased organic production requires a deeper and faster food system reconfiguration, where an array of distinct policies are mobilized and a diversity of actions take place at different levels (Geels, 2018; Pe´er et al, 2019). This paper will attempt to contribute an overall critical assessment of the organic sector´s features and evolution and will identify some of the main obstacles to be overcome, in order to boost the sustainability transition of the agro-food system in Portugal.
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