Relevant bibliographies by topics / Marking constraints

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Marking constraints'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 25 May 2024
Last updated: 31 July 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Marking constraints"

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Chen, YuFeng, Abdulrahman Al-Ahmari, Chi Tin Hon, and NaiQi Wu. "Equivalent Transformation of Nonlinear Constraints to Linear Constraints in Petri Nets." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2015 (2015): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/640917.

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This paper focuses on the enforcement of nonlinear constraints in Petri nets. An integer linear programming model is formulated to transform a nonlinear constraint to a minimal number of conjunctive linear constraints that have the same admissible marking space as the nonlinear one does in Petri nets. The obtained linear constraints can be easily enforced to be satisfied by a set of control places with a place invariant based method. The control places make up a supervisor that can enforce the given nonlinear constraint. For a case that the admissible marking space decided by a nonlinear const
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Li, Hui Fang, and Fu Jian Feng. "Schedulability Analysis Algorithm of Timing Constraint Petri Nets." Advanced Materials Research 532-533 (June 2012): 1810–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.532-533.1810.

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A novel approach to the schedulability analysis is presented in this paper for timing constraint Petri nets, which have wide applications in the workflow management, software engineering, reliability engineering, and so on. The analysis can be conducted in two phases: finding firing sequences and timing constraint analysis, among which the first one is to find the transition sequences that transform the initial marking to a certain marking by using incidence matrix in the underlying Petri net, and the second one is to verify whether the reachable marking found in the first step is reachable wi
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PHUA, Chiew Pheng, and PHUA Chiew Pheng. "The double object constructions in Archaic Chinese*." Cahiers de Linguistique Asie Orientale 37, no. 1 (2008): 43–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1960602808x00028.

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This article demonstrates that double object constructions in Archaic Chinese display both patterns of direct and indirect object marking (DO+IO) and primary and secondary object marking (PO+SO). We propose two constraints to account for the grammatical distribution of GIVE verbs in the double object construction with PO+SO marking in Archaic Chinese. The first constraint is syntactic and explains why verbs like xiàn ? 'offer' cannot occur in the double object construction with PO+SO marking, unless the semantic role of recipient is available for mapping onto direct object in a monotransitive
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Hopp, Holger, and Mayra E. León Arriaga. "Structural and inherent case in the non-native processing of Spanish: Constraints on inflectional variability." Second Language Research 32, no. 1 (2015): 75–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0267658315605872.

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This article reports an eye-tracking study on the native and non-native processing of case in Spanish. Twenty-four native and 27 first language (L1) German non-native speakers of Spanish were tested on their sensitivity to case marking violations involving structural case with objects of ditransitive verbs and to violations of inherent case for objects of transitive verbs (differential object marking; DOM). Both groups distinguished between grammatical and ungrammatical case marking for all sentence types in off-line acceptability judgments. In reading, however, the non-native speakers, unlike
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Faraj, Suhair. "Optimality Theory and Syntactic Constraints in English and Arabic Prepositional Phrases: A Comparative Analysis." International Journal for Scientific Research 2, no. 7 (2023): 71–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.59992/ijsr.2023.v2n7p4.

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This research paper aimed to investigate the syntactic constraints that govern the use of prepositional phrases in English and Arabic, using Optimality Theory (OT) framework. A set of English and Arabic sentences containing prepositional phrases were collected and analyzed for constraint violations. This study compared the syntactic structures of prepositional phrases in both languages by examining the case marking, headedness, and subject-verb agreement requirements of OT. The findings indicated that although prepositional phrases are used similarly in Arabic and English, there are also struc
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Amin, Nurasiah, Abdul Muhid, and Hilda Hastuti. "Revealing the Form of Constraints and Switched Points in Cewek Smart #2." Humanitatis : Journal of Language and Literature 8, no. 2 (2022): 329–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.30812/humanitatis.v8i2.1823.

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This reserach was done to reveal the dominant form of Constraints and Switched Points of code switching usage in Cewek Smart #2 book by Ria Fariana, which the data is taken from chapter 1 to chapter 6 of total 53 pages. To reveal the form of constraints and switched points of code switching, it was considered to use theory by Poplack about code switching, and the data were analyzed by using a qualitative method. This current research shows that there were 21 forms of constraints and switched points and there are 6 dominant forms used in the book of Cewek Smart #2, namely between Adverb and VP,
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de Hoop, Helen, and Andrej L. Malchukov. "Case-Marking Strategies." Linguistic Inquiry 39, no. 4 (2008): 565–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/ling.2008.39.4.565.

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Two strategies of case marking in natural languages are discussed. These are defined as two violable constraints whose effects are shown to converge in the case of differential object marking but diverge in the case of differential subject marking. The discourse prominence of the case-bearing arguments is shown to be of utmost importance for case-marking and voice alternations. The analysis of the case-marking patterns that are found crosslinguistically is couched in a bidirectional Optimality Theory analysis.
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Tian, Wei, Xianwang Yu, and Haohao Hu. "Interactive Attention Learning on Detection of Lane and Lane Marking on the Road by Monocular Camera Image." Sensors 23, no. 14 (2023): 6545. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23146545.

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Vision-based identification of lane area and lane marking on the road is an indispensable function for intelligent driving vehicles, especially for localization, mapping and planning tasks. However, due to the increasing complexity of traffic scenes, such as occlusion and discontinuity, detecting lanes and lane markings from an image captured by a monocular camera becomes persistently challenging. The lanes and lane markings have a strong position correlation and are constrained by a spatial geometry prior to the driving scene. Most existing studies only explore a single task, i.e., either lan
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Bax, Anna, and Michael Diercks. "Information structure constraints on object marking in Manyika." Southern African Linguistics and Applied Language Studies 30, no. 2 (2012): 185–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.2989/16073614.2012.737596.

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Cameron, Richard. "Ambiguous agreement, functional compensation, and nonspecific tú in the Spanish of San Juan, Puerto Rico, and Madrid, Spain." Language Variation and Change 5, no. 3 (1993): 305–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954394500001526.

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ABSTRACTRichness of subject-verb agreement is implicit in the functional compensation interpretation of variable second person /-s/ in Puerto Rican Spanish (PRS). Because /-s/ is not variable in Madrid Spanish (MS), richer agreement is assumed, and a lower rate of pronominal expression is expected. Central to this interpretation are effects associated with ambiguous marking of person on finite singular verbs. Although an increase of pronominal expression correlates to ambiguous marking for PRS speakers, a similar result has not been reported for MS speakers. Nonetheless, a varbrul analysis yie
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Marking constraints"

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Bouazza, Syrine. "Contrôle des processus de désassemblage à l'aide des formalismes des systèmes à évènements discrets." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UPAST215.

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Le contrôle des processus de désassemblage fait référence aux méthodes et aux techniques utilisées pour démonter de manière sûre et efficace des composants mécaniques ou des ensembles complexes. Pour ce faire, des approches de commandes des contrôles sont développés pour satisfaire les contraintes imposées à ces systèmes. Plus précisément, dans cette thèse nous nous s'intéressons à trois types de spécifications : les contraintes marquages, les Contraintes de Marquage Généralisées (CMGs), et les Contraintes d'Exclusions Mutuelles (CEMs).Pour cela, nous avons proposé trois méthodes analytiques.
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Atli, Maen. "Contributions à la synthèse de commande des systèmes à évènements discrets : nouvelle modélisation des états interdits et application à un atelier flexible." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0412/document.

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Un Système de production peut être représenté par les systèmes à événements discrets. En dehors de la planification (où les gens travaillent avec des ratios de produits fabriqués par semaine ou par jour), la modélisation pourrait être basée sur les concepts d'événement et d'activités. Un événement correspond à un changement d'état. Une activité est une boîte noire d'encapsulation de ce qui se passe entre deux événements. En utilisant les réseaux de Petri (RdP), les événements sont représentés par les transitions, et les activités par les lieux. Notre travail propose une synthèse de commande pa
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Mphahama, Litsoanelo Evodiah. "Institutional constraints to horticulture production and marketing." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/428.

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Lesotho has a land area of about 30.340 square kilometers and is completely surrounded by the Republic of South Africa. Much of the country is mountainous. Its agricultural sector is characterized by low productivity due to erratic climatic conditions, limited arable land and fragile soils with a low water holding capacity. These conditions have proved very detrimental to crop production, rendering agriculture a risky economic activity. Numerous efforts have been made over the years to address the technical constraints confronting the sector, but nothing seems to be changing. The implication i
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Mingard, P. "Design constraints : An historical approach." Thesis, Brunel University, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.378449.

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Atli, Maen. "Contributions à la synthèse de commande des systèmes à évènements discrets : nouvelle modélisation des états interdits et application à un atelier flexible." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0412.

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Un Système de production peut être représenté par les systèmes à événements discrets. En dehors de la planification (où les gens travaillent avec des ratios de produits fabriqués par semaine ou par jour), la modélisation pourrait être basée sur les concepts d'événement et d'activités. Un événement correspond à un changement d'état. Une activité est une boîte noire d'encapsulation de ce qui se passe entre deux événements. En utilisant les réseaux de Petri (RdP), les événements sont représentés par les transitions, et les activités par les lieux. Notre travail propose une synthèse de commande pa
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Vanit-Anunchai, Chuthaporn. "Possibilities and constraints of marketing environmentally friendly produced vegetables in Thailand." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2006. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=982597886.

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Khushk, Ali Muhammed. "The mango production and marketing system in Sindh, Pakistan : constraints and opportunities." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.267809.

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Gress, Tobias. "South African Rooibos industry : opportunities and constraints with special reference to the German consumer market." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/5818.

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Includes bibliographical references.<br>Over the last decade a South African product, namely Rooibos, has conquered the German consumer market. It initially started as a small trend amongst health conscious people, developing into a staple product, to being difficult nowadays to imaging Rooibos not being available for sale. As Rooibos gained popularity on the extremely competitive German food market, marketing strategies had to change accordingly. To reach the mass market, it was necessary to market Rooibos at the discounters and supermarkets, important for the German grocery industry. Adverti
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Halforty, Gail Avril. "Constraints to students' participation in sport on a formalised level: implications for marketers." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1012120.

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The rate of obesity has risen dramatically over recent years and is an epidemic in many countries. School pupils and university students are no exception to this. The negative effects physically, mentally and emotionally of being overweight are detrimental to one’s quality of life. It is therefore critical to encourage pupils and students to participate in physical activity. Formalised sport is a key component of encouraging physical activity. The habits learnt in childhood and early adulthood are often carried through for the rest of one’s life. The benefits of participating in sport need to
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Lau, Wing-wah. "The marketing of environmental protection technologies in Hong Kong : developments to-date, potentials, and constraints /." [Hong Kong] : University of Hong Kong, 1994. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B13814047.

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Books on the topic "Marking constraints"

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O, Omolo Jacob, and Manyengo John U, eds. Policy constraints in vegetable marketing in Kenya. Institute of Policy Analysis and Research, 2004.

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1935-, MacCharles Donald C., ed. Canadian manufactured exports: Constraints and opportunities. Institute for Research on Public Policy, 1986.

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Sarada, Raju, Indian Council of Agricultural Research., and Institute for Techno-Economic Studies, eds. Marketing of rice and groundnut in Tamil Nadu, constraints to efficient marketing. Institute for Techno Economics Studies, 1988.

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H, Schwartz Hugh, ed. Supply and marketing constraints on Latin American manufacturing exports. Inter-American Development Bank, 1991.

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Alemu, Dawit. Haricot bean marketing and export performance: Constraints and opportunities. EARO, 2003.

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Figueroa, Enrique E. U.S. vegetable exports to North America: Trends and constraints to market analysis. Dept. of Agricultural, Resource, and Managerial Economics, Cornell University, 1994.

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Anjum, Muhammad S. Marketing constraints and development strategy for edible oils in Pakistan. USAID?, 1993.

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Vidanapathirana, Ruvini. Export market for organic food: Present status, constraints, and future scope. Hector Kobbekaduwa Agrarian Research and Training Institute, 2014.

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Monfort, Philippe. Export pricing behavior, foreign trade performance and capacity constraint. CIACO, 1994.

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Uliwa, P. Farm level viability, marketing opportunities, and constraints: Case of TIP water user groups. [s.n., 1996.

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Book chapters on the topic "Marking constraints"

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Cennamo, Michela, Francesco Maria Ciconte, and Luigi Andriani. "Syntactic and semantic constraints on differential object marking in Old Sardinian." In Linguistik Aktuell/Linguistics Today. John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/la.280.05cen.

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This paper explores the differential marking of (human) objects (DOM) in a corpus of old Sardinian texts from two different areas, Logudoro and Arborea. We investigate the constraints on the marking of objects, whether semantic, reflecting the Individuation Hierarchy (Silverstein, 1976, p. 122), syntactic, i.e., determined by verbal valency and/or the syntactic position of the O argument in relation to the verb and in the clause, or pragmatic, functioning as a marking device for topics. The data investigated reveal the role played by the notion of Individuation in the grammaticalization of the
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Cennamo, Michela, and Francesco Maria Ciconte. "Differential object marking in early Italo-Romance and old Sardinian." In Current Issues in Linguistic Theory. John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1075/cilt.369.10cen.

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Abstract This paper explores the differential marking of objects (DOM) in two southern early Italo- Romance vernaculars, namely old Sicilian and old Neapolitan, and in old Sardinian texts from two different areas, Logudoro and Arborea. We investigate the constraints on the marking of objects, whether semantic, encoding the Individuation Hierarchy, syntactic, determined by verbal valency and/or the position of the O argument in relation to the verb, or pragmatic, resulting from the topicality of the object. We show that, unlike in old Neapolitan and old Sicilian, in old Sardinian Topicality and
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Li, Xiang, Wenbing Liu, Xin Liu, and Jingyang Li. "Feature Extraction and Marking Method of Inertial Navigation Trajectory Based on Permutation Entropy Under Road Constraints." In Spatial Data and Intelligence. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-24521-3_4.

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Paro, Renato, Ueli Grossniklaus, Raffaella Santoro, and Anton Wutz. "Genomic Imprinting." In Introduction to Epigenetics. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-68670-3_5.

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AbstractA typical cell contains two sets of chromosomes: one that was inherited from the mother, the other from the father. Usually, autosomal alleles are expressed at similar levels from the maternally and paternally inherited chromosomes. This chapter is dedicated to an exception of this rule: the expression of genes that are regulated by genomic imprinting depends on the parental origin of the allele, leading to the non-equivalence of maternal and paternal genomes. Genomic imprinting is a paradigm of epigenetic gene regulation as genetically identical alleles can exist in two expression sta
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Holderer, Julius. "Obstruction Modeling." In Obstructions in Security-Aware Business Processes. Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-38154-7_3.

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AbstractObstructions exemplify the conflicting goals between business processes and classic IT security. The SecANet approach presented in this chapter will allow putting this field of tension into a well-founded, formal representation of security-aware processes that opens up acting within a security-sensitive realm of maneuver. The SecANet encoding will create an extendable framework that addresses workflow obstructions and will support their comprehensive analysis and handling.This chapter builds the central part of the thesis. In addressing the requirements for obstructability analysis (se
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Yu, Lei, Guohui Li, and Ling Yuan. "Constrained Viral Marketing in Social Networks." In Knowledge Science, Engineering and Management. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-55393-7_18.

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Petrie, Duncan J. "The Film-Making Process: Sales, Distribution and Marketing." In Creativity and Constraint in the British Film Industry. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-21473-0_6.

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Jari, Bridget, Gavin Fraser, and Ajuruchukwu Obi. "Influence of institutional factors on smallholder farmers ’ marketing channel choices." In Institutional constraints to small farmer development in Southern Africa. Wageningen Academic Publishers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/978-90-8686-704-2_5.

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Horváth, Tomáš, and Peter Vojtáš. "Ordinal Classification with Monotonicity Constraints." In Advances in Data Mining. Applications in Medicine, Web Mining, Marketing, Image and Signal Mining. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/11790853_17.

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Guardiano, Cristina. "Differential object marking in a dialect of Sicily." In Linguistik Aktuell/Linguistics Today. John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/la.280.08gua.

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This contribution proposes an overview of the distribution of a-marked objects in a Romance dialect of Sicily, focusing on the relation between a-marking and the syntactic properties of the nominal structure in object position. The following properties are considered: type of lexical head (pronouns vs. nouns); coding of the Person feature on the lexical head and its relation with the functional head D; type of noun (proper names, kinship nouns, other nouns); lexical realization of the determiner (D head); definiteness and animacy of the object; Number. It will be shown that, in the dialect exp
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Conference papers on the topic "Marking constraints"

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Li, Yingjie, YiFan Hou, and ZiZhuo Wu. "Optimal Input Calculation and Control for a Class of Timed Petri Nets under Marking Constraints." In 2021 IEEE International Conference on Networking, Sensing and Control (ICNSC). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icnsc52481.2021.9702177.

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Mualem, Loay, Murad Tukan, and Moran Feldman. "Bridging the Gap between General and Down-Closed Convex Sets in Submodular Maximization." In Thirty-Third International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-24}. International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2024/213.

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Optimization of DR-submodular functions has experienced a notable surge in significance in recent times, marking a pivotal development within the domain of non-convex optimization. Motivated by real-world scenarios, some recent works have delved into the maximization of non-monotone DR-submodular functions over general (not necessarily down-closed) convex set constraints. Up to this point, these works have all used the minimum L-infinity norm of any feasible solution as a parameter. Unfortunately, a recent hardness result due to Mualem and Feldman shows that this approach cannot yield a smooth
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Kumar, S. Sampath, M. Prithiv, S. Ravi Kumar, K. Senthil Kumar, and K. Vishnu. "Marking and Traceback Algorithm for IP Traceback with Bitwise Operator." In International Research Conference on IOT, Cloud and Data Science. Trans Tech Publications Ltd, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-o13fx8.

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Forswearing of Service (DoS) and Denial of Service (DDoS) assaults are not kidding strings to the Internet. The recurrence of DoS and DDoS assaults is expanding step by step. Computerized instruments are additionally accessible that empower non-specialized individuals to carry out such assaults without any problem. Consequently, it isn't simply essential to forestall such assaults, yet additionally need to traceback the aggressors. Following back the wellspring of the assaults, which is known as an IP traceback issue is a difficult issue due to the stateless idea of the Internet and parodied I
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Knill, David C. "The statistics of corner angles: implications for coding and estimation." In OSA Annual Meeting. Optica Publishing Group, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1992.thvv2.

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Corners in surface markings are skewed by orthographic projection into an image. This introduces a systematic bias into the distribution of corner angles in images. Under the assumption that all corner angles in surface markings are equally probable, the distribution of corresponding angles in contour corners shows a peak probability of occurrence at 0° and 180° and a minimum at 90°. The exact form of the distribution depends on the assumed distribution of surface orientations in scenes. The bias allows us to derive a maximum likelihood estimator of surface orientation from the information pro
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Rodríguez, Enrique, José Luis Blanco, José Luis Torres, Jose Carlos Moreno, Antonio Giménez, and José Luis Guzmán. "A ROS reactive navigation system for ground vehicles based on tp-space transformations." In Actas de las XXXVII Jornadas de Automática 7, 8 y 9 de septiembre de 2016, Madrid. Universidade da Coruña, Servizo de Publicacións, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.17979/spudc.9788497498081.1213.

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This work focuses on the analysis and bench- marking of the mrpt_navigation ROS package. The package includes a reactive navigation method based on Trajectory Parameter Space (TP-Space) transformations, together with other nodes such as an alternative particle-filter localization system. A description of its structure and methods in which it is based will be performed. To validate the suitability of the package, tests are performed with a mobile robot with strong kinematic constraints (Ack- erman steering) and the result will be compared with the navigation ROS package, a standard for robots a
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Stiassnie, Eli, Gila Molcho, and Moshe Shpitalni. "Holistic Design of Sustainable Systems With Improved Lifecycle Performance." In ASME 2008 9th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2008-59207.

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The rampant changes marking modern manufacturing are driven by: (a) excess manufacturing capacity and the consequent increase in competition, and (b) rising environmental awareness and legislation. This green legislation (WEEE, EuP, RoHS, etc.) has arisen in an attempt to resolve the inherent conflict between a number of competing needs: (1) environmental requirements and constraints, (2) consumer demands and (3) industrial profitability constraints. Consequently, modern industries seeking to maintain corporate profits while complying with new legislation have begun to shift from product deliv
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Rai, Sudhendu. "Multiobjective Optimization and Quantitative Trade-Off Analysis in Xerographic System Design." In ASME 1997 Design Engineering Technical Conferences. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc97/dtm-3885.

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Abstract A complex engineering system such as a xerographic marking engine is an aggregate of interacting subsystems that are coupled through a large number of constraints and design variables. The traditional way of designing these systems is to decouple the overall design into smaller subsystems and assign teams to work on these subsystems. This approach is critical to making the project manageable and enabling concurrent development. However, if the goal is to design systems that can deliver best possible performance, i.e. if the performance limits are being pushed to the extreme, character
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Mendelovits, Juliette, and Judy Nixon. "ACER models of writing: Changing the assessment mindset." In Research Conference 2022: Reimagining assessment. Australian Council for Educational Research, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37517/978-1-74286-685-7-4.

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This presentation outlines different models of writing assessment that have a proven track record in various programs delivered by ACER. These models include holistic scoring, and partial analytical scoring on a number of criteria. The writing prompts for these models assume extended pieces of writing. The presentation will also introduce a new and alternative model of writing assessment that ACER has implemented in several large-scale assessments. This model is built on shorter pieces of writing from each student, designed to give more accurate and diverse insights into students’ proficiency
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Spooner, Thomas, and Rahul Savani. "Robust Market Making via Adversarial Reinforcement Learning." In Twenty-Ninth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Seventeenth Pacific Rim International Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-PRICAI-20}. International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2020/633.

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We show that adversarial reinforcement learning (ARL) can be used to produce market marking agents that are robust to adversarial and adaptively-chosen market conditions. To apply ARL, we turn the well-studied single-agent model of Avellaneda and Stoikov [2008] into a discrete-time zero-sum game between a market maker and adversary. The adversary acts as a proxy for other market participants that would like to profit at the market maker's expense. We empirically compare two conventional single-agent RL agents with ARL, and show that our ARL approach leads to: 1) the emergence of risk-averse be
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Ene, Alexandra Gabriela, Mihaela Jomir, and Carmen Mihai. "STRUCTURAL ANALYSES OF THE COMPOSITE MATERIAL FOR AUTONOMOUS MODULAR SYSTEM USED AS LATERAL MARK IN BRACKISH WATER HABITAT." In 22nd International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2022. STEF92 Technology, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2022v/3.2/s12.23.

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The safety of navigation and life in the risk areas adjacent to the coastal area, represent the central objective of the paper and meet the provisions of the European directive "in force." In this context, for defining the geometry of the autonomous modular system used as physical system for marking the fairway, mathematical prediction models were developed. The prediction of phenomena and functional characteristics for autonomous modular system was possible by using a specialized software, where the calculation conditions were for sea state maximum 6 Beaufort scale. The configurations were ro
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Reports on the topic "Marking constraints"

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Vézina, Elizabeth J., Regina A. Asmutis-Silvia, Erica A. Fuller, et al. Report of the 6th Annual Ropeless Consortium Meeting: continued development and policy impact of on-demand fishing to prevent large whale entanglements. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1575/1912/71965.

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Seasonally closed trap fishery areas mitigate large whale entanglement risk. Acoustic retrieval of bottom traps without persistent vertical lines can restore fishery access. Concerns include functionality, cost and operational constraints of acoustically triggered ‘on-demand’ buoyant bottom-stowed line or an inflatable lift bags. Without surface gear attached to a vertical line from the trap(s), virtual gear marking and on-demand gear interoperability remain concerns. U.S.A. east coast lobster and west coast crab, as well as Canadian snow crab have been harvested using on-demand gear in areas
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Mikkelsen, Lene. Good Practices in Marketing for Micro and Small Enterprise Products: Cases from Latin-America. Inter-American Development Bank, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0008889.

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It has been established that access to profitable markets is a key factor which determines the long-term success for all businesses. For small and microenterprises, however, various constraints limit this access, such as inadequate technology, geographic isolation, lack of raw materials and inefficient production. By providing ways to overcome these constraints, marketing service providers play an essential role in developing the businesses of small and micro producers. Based on three case studies of marketing service providers -from Colombia, Nicaragua and El Salvador- dealing with handicraft
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Mitra, Arup, ed. ISSUES AND CHALLENGES ON THE PRODUCTIVITY PERFORMANCE OF THE INFORMAL SECTOR IN SELECTED APO MEMBERS. Asian Productivity Organization, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.61145/ekcf4946.

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The publication delves into informal sector challenges in 10 APO member economies (Bangladesh, Cambodia, Fiji, India, Mongolia, Pakistan, the Philippines, Thailand, Turkiye, Vietnam). Limited access to capital, technology, and marketing hinders growth despite the sector's significant workforce. Identifying constraints is crucial for productivity enhancement initiatives. COVID-19 underscores the need for sector revival assistance. Embracing product and process innovation for productivity growth is recommended. Linkages between formal and informal sectors and skilling initiatives for occupationa
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Johnny, Teneisha, and Mark D. Wenner. Tourism and Ecotourism Development in Guyana: Issues and Challenges and the Critical Path Forward. Inter-American Development Bank, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0009267.

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Guyana has high potential to develop a nature-based tourist niche market and help diversify its economic base, which now depends on the export of primary commodities. Despite many natural attractions, Guyana is still at a nascent stage of nature-based development relying on primary factors for tourism development as opposed to thorough planning, focused investments, and aggressive marketing efforts. Other segments of traditional tourism development such as business and leisure also are undeveloped and little studied. The tourism sector in general faces many constraints, such as high air travel
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Yim, Chea, and Bruce McKenney. Domestic Fish Trade: A Case Study of Fish Marketing from the Great Lake of Phnom Penh. Cambodia Development Resource Institute, 2003. https://doi.org/10.64202/wp.29.200311.

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This study investigates the domestic freshwater fish trade in Cambodia, focusing on the marketing chain from the Tonle Sap (Great Lake) to retail markets in Phnom Penh. As one of Cambodia’s most traded commodities, freshwater fish play a vital role in rural livelihoods and food security. The research examines market structures, transaction dynamics, and key constraints affecting trade efficiency. Based on interviews with fishers, traders, distributors, and retailers, as well as direct observation of trade activities, the study reveals a tightly linked credit-dependent system. Fishers are often
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Schiavuzzi, Alexandra, Cathelijne van Kemenade, Eleanor Wilson, Nick Petrunoff, and Eileen Goldberg. Physical activity in school playgrounds. The Sax Institute, 2024. https://doi.org/10.57022/jhly4812.

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This report, commissioned by the Northern Sydney Local Health District (NSLHD) and prepared by the Sax Institute, investigates strategies to enhance physical activity among primary school children (aged 5-12) in school playgrounds. The review evaluates interventions targeting physical activity during unstructured playground time, examining their effectiveness, implementation characteristics, and factors influencing success. A systematic search of peer-reviewed literature published since 2022 identified 16 relevant studies. Effective strategies to promote physical activity in school playgrounds
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Lowe, Nichola J. Overcoming the Challenges of Cooperation: The Case of Joint Upgrading in Guadalajara's Apparel Industry. Inter-American Development Bank, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0008903.

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This paper examines local efforts to facilitate interactive learning and knowledge sharing among small and medium-sized apparel manufacturers in Guadalajara, Mexico. It focuses on a government-sponsored training program that gets design-oriented and technologically-advanced producers (most of which are of medium size) to team up with their less experienced local counterparts. Under the close supervision of skilled mentor firms, smaller-sized and bare bones manufacturers from Guadalajara's historic apparel cluster are experimenting with higher-valued added processes, like product design, market
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Nakasone, Eduardo. Soap Operas for Female Micro Entrepreneur Training. Inter-American Development Bank, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011672.

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This paper analyzes the impact of the Strengthening Women Entrepreneurship in Peru (SWEP) program. SWEP trained female micro entrepreneurs in business management practices (such as accounting and marketing). The training, which was provided in 4- to 5-hour sessions, used soap operas and practical exercises specifically designed for the program. A field experiment was conducted among a group of micro entrepreneurs based in two Peruvian cities (Lima and Piura) to investigate whether SWEP had a positive impact on its beneficiaries. The results show that the program positively affected the adoptio
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Jebrail, F. F., and R. S. Kistler. L51753 Natural Draft Aerial Coolers. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010422.

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In recent years, environmental regulations have tightened and community involvement in environmental issues has increased. The pipeline industry has responded by attempting to reduce the negative economic and environmental impact of conventional air-cooled heat exchangers, which are characterized by high noise levels, excessive energy consumption, and high maintenance costs. While industry has had limited success in reducing air cooler noise using silencers and timed variable-speed fans, these solutions are costly. The most effective noise reduction method is to reduce or eliminate noise at it
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Casimiro, June Ann, Karenina Romualdo, and Via Shane Santiago. Innovation Strategies in Traditional Cultural Expressions MSMEs in the Philippines: A Case Study. Philippine Institute for Development Studies, 2025. https://doi.org/10.62986/dp2024.48.

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This study investigates the innovation strategies of cultural micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) in Northern and Central Luzon, Philippines, operating within the domain of traditional cultural expressions, particularly traditional crafts and culinary crafts. These enterprises play a dual role in preserving cultural heritage and contributing to local economic development. As cultural and creative industries (CCIs) gain increasing recognition for their economic and social contributions, cultural MSMEs in developing regions face unique challenges. Through a qualitative case study approa
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