Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Maroc – Politique et gouvernement – 1956-1999'
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Derrouich, Hamid. "Changement politique et politique étrangère : essai sur la continuité et la discontinuité de la politique étrangère marocaine." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009CLF10339.
Full textMonjib, Maâti. "L'Istiqlal, l'U. N. F. P. Et le pouvoir au Maroc 1955-1965." Montpellier 3, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989MON30016.
Full textFive years after the independance, the national movement was exhausted : party quarrels and molitants' haemorrhage weakene it. In may 1960 the king 7th, 1965 the king proclaimed the state of emergency
Bouzidi, Rachida. "La Presse du parti de l'Istiqlal : (1946-1986)." Paris 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA020113.
Full textBaita, Abdeslam. "L'État colonial au Maroc : 1912-1956." Paris 10, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA100184.
Full textThe colonial state in morocco is a result of the conquest. The reforms of the makhzen took the form of an articulation of the traditional structures of the state and the protectorate institutions. The state function of social control operated through a juridical system, the caidalism and the creation of representative institutions. But the legitimacy of the colonial state was always weak
Gagou, Ahmed. "La notion d'Etat au Maroc." Paris 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA020006.
Full textHassani, Ali. "Le nationalisme marocain : islam et modernité : 1920-1956." Paris 10, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA100083.
Full textThe evolution of moroccan nationalism wasachieved in two simultaneous processe: on one hand, by opposition to protectorate; on the other hand, its aron internal evolution. We have preferred to divide the work into two parts: the first one dals with the emergence, the evolution, the organization, the expansion and the formation of the nationalist ideology betwean the two wars. Its question of the opposition of the medina to the colonial orderin parallel with the collaboration that the nationalist elite seeks to heep up with the regime in place, while claining the application of the protectorate as a control and not as a direct administration. The social fondation and the doctrine war constituted throughout this period. The second part discusses the evolution of nationalism after second world war. It is question of the nationalist alliance with the sultan sidi Muhammad ben Yusuf at its the crisis of the regime of the protectorate caracterized by the schisms of cooperation. The sultan, pivot of system, opposes the politics of the protectorate and clains the establishment of a new regime enabling moroccans to assume the management of their society while ensuring the interests of the dethronement of the sultan in order to have the freedam of action for the establishment of a regime of co-souvereignty, but the exile becames asynbol of the emancipation of the moroccan people. Finally, france could only negotiate the return of Sidi Muhammad ben Yusuf,. .
Badri, Karim. "Légitimité religieuse et transition démocratique : le cas du Maroc." Nantes, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012NANT4015.
Full textThe Moroccan political system is characterized by its complexity and specificity. It is a system that tries to reconcile, on the one hand, religious legitimacy and, on the other hand, modern institutions. Hassan II, dedicated craftsman of a democracy Moroccan-style, used this specificity to refute the accusations of international organizations and Western countries about violations of human rights, considering that a universal system of Government would only be possible if men and morals were similar the world over. At the end of the 1980s, pressed by internal social movements on the one hand and an international environment conducive to a democratic opening and respect for human rights on the other hand, the monarchy had undertaken an institutional and constitutional opening while still attempting to manage the design and the consequences of this process. These controlled openings finally resulted in the undermining of the Moroccan political class. Under the pressure of the protest of February 20, 2011, spurred by the Arab spring, King Mohamed VI launched a new constitutional reform. This initiative raised high hopes of a true democratic transition but disappointment was great when considering the advances and stumbling blocks which it carried with it. Indeed, the new Constitution endorsed, as usual, the primacy of the institution of the Monarchy in the Moroccan political system. Mohamed VI’s Morocco has certainly evolved toward a less authoritarian system, nevertheless, it is far from a constitutional, democratic, parliamentary or social monarchy
Benbounou, Abdellatif. "La doctrine politico-juridique des mouvements islamistes au Maroc à l'épreuve de la participation politique : cas du Mouvement de l'Unicité et de la Réforme, de l'Alternative Civilisationnelle et du Mouvement pour la Oumma (1970-2015)." Rouen, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ROUED007.
Full textThis study aims at showing the evolution process and the transformation of doctrines of the Moroccan Islamic movements originating from Islamic youth (the chabiba islamiya). We decided to study the doctrines of three fundamental Islamic movements through the trials of their political participation. Thus, we will discuss the Reform and Uniqueness Movement (RUM) and its political wing the PJD (Party of Justice and Development), the civilizational alternative and the Movement for the Ummah (MFU). These three movements made a substantial effort which resulted in a revision of their political ideology in order to position themselves within the Moroccan political sphere, amongst other political actors. The principles of Islam are taken as a reference for these three movements, to which the Civilizational Alternative added the Human wisdom. The representation of the relationship between politics and religion has evolved. The leaders of these movements draw a theoretical distinction between the religious field and the political one; nonetheless, in practical terms, their political participation is not completely protected from an instrumental use of religion for political purposes. The caliphate institution is considered as a historical experience. Thus, the State is a civil institution in the service of the nation. Choura is a principle not contrary to democracy. The latter ensures political pluralism and respect for Human rights although there are some reservations. The application of the Charia is not the challenge anymore because its purpose is compromised by the rules of the positive law. The RUM and its political wing, the PJD, have already legalized their situation. The PJD is recognized as the official and main party of Morocco’s partisan political landscape. The limit to their political demand and the political context of the country during the Arab spring events, lead the PJD to exercise power by running the government under the guidance of the new constitution of 2011. Despite the recent recognition of the Civilizational Alternative, as an association having the same name, this association has been removed from the list of recognized political parties due to its political position, and the fact that the political parties map does not ensure the existence of this Islamic unifying current. The MPO (Mouvement for Oummah) has developed a reforming political doctrine, but its quest to get an official recognition from the regime did not succeed. The attempt at creating an autonomous political party named “Ummah Party” has been concluded by a ban from the Ministry of the Interior and supported by a judicial decision
Faraj, Abdelwaheb. "Les relations hispano-marocaines depuis l'indépendance du Maroc." Institut du droit de la paix et du développement (Nice), 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986NICE0030.
Full textBousdraoui, Najia. "Les fondements de l'Etat au Maroc (1666-1860)." Paris 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA010270.
Full textEl, Alami Ahmed. "Le Maroc de 1961 à 1971 à travers le discours du roi Hassan II : esquisse d'une thématisation." Toulouse 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996TOU10030.
Full text“Morocco from 1961 until 1971 through the speeches of king Hassan II” is an analytical view on the first decade of the reign of the successor of Mohammed V. In a country where monarchy reigns and governs, the king is at the same time “a constitutional monarch” ; and “god's shadow on earth”, that is to say : “commander of believers” (ameer al-moomeneen). Tradition and modernity, politics and religion are in the heart of the questions concerning political philosophy and development perspectives. From the constitutional abortive plan of 1908 until the ephemeral constitution of 1970 and the attempts of military putsch, we try to situate and understand the essential part of the Moroccan national debate on the following issues : - the constituent power between monarchy and people, from the principle of the constituent assembly to the royal drafting of the constitution, by the way of the designated constitutional council - elections, their regularity - or rather irregularity - the reduced weight of the elected representatives ; and the vicious circle of the permanent contesting of election operations - public freedom - political, trade-unionist and religious - the separation of powers and the beyond separation ; status of monarchy - stability as it is expressed by the management of the democratic margin (types of ballet and of multipartism, state of exception, the constitution of 1970. . . ), of the constitutional principle of authentic frontiers ; (Mauritany, Tindouf, 'Abadia, Ceuta. . . ), of "the relationship with the public force and of the mode of socio-economic development - the cultural dimension of development, the king's philosophy and firm agreements in view to stop the process of pauperization and of more and more unjust sharing of the national loot (agrarian reform, Islamic socialism, arabization. . . Etc). In order to grasp the scope of the royal vision we have surrounded it by the vision of the Moroccan elite represented by : 'a el fassl, h. Ei-Wazzami, m. Ben Barka. . . , without forgetting the fathers of resistance : Ma El-'Aynayn, 'Abd Al-Karim, Al-Khattahi and Moha or Hammou Zayani. . . It's all Morocco in motion, seeking a synthesis and its trajectory towards the heights of the XXIst century. .
Belhaj, Saif Mohammed Rachid. "La politique scolaire du protectorat français au Maroc (1912-1940)." Paris 5, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA05H078.
Full textThe colonial school introduced in morocco has been clearly marked by the marechal Lyautey's ideological choice. Three essential principle were defined : - principle of "difference" that consisted to create specific schools for every school public : European school, franco-jewish school and franco-arabic school ; - principle of "differenciation" that distinguished on one hand between schools reserved for the sons of the leading citizens and populars schools and, on the other hand, between barbers and Arabs ; - principle of "lingering evolution" : the schooling of natives has not to confer more values to his public and to turn out soured elements. The analysis and questioning of several data have shown that these principles had been effectively applied
Drissi, Nour Badraoui. "Les institutions politico-administratives marocaines et leur restructuration au début du Protectorat Français." Nancy 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993NAN20010.
Full textThrough the study of the spirit of the reforms applied to Moroccan institutions which consequently modified the status of those who were their representatives, this work aims at evaluating what has been done in this field by the French protectorate authorities in morocco between 1912 and 1925. In order to introduce reforms which, for different reasons, seemed necessary to establish 'modern' administration in morocco, the French protectorate authorities had to act according to requirements prevailing in modern administrative organization. In order to give this work a historical and cultural perspective without which the apprehension surrounding these reforms could not be fully grasped, a presentation of the institutional patrimony of the Cherifian Empire has been developed at length. Thus, certain significant aspects rooted in Islamic law and Moroccan tradition have been analysed in relation to their resistance vis-a-vis the hexogeneous political and ideological will. Similarly, the analysis of the institutional heritage whose aim is to facilitate the comprehension of the cherifian administrative system and the functioning of pre-colonial administration, also aims at understanding the perception of the protectorate's reforms in Moroccan society. Finally, the reference to the cherifian kingdom's cultural, political and administrative past aspires to show how the concerned elements of Moroccan society have been influenced in their foundations and identity by the protectorate's undertaking of administrative reforms
Houdaïgui, Rachid El. "Le système décisionnel marocain et la gestion de la politique étrangère sous le règne de Hassan II." Toulouse 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000TOU10019.
Full textBouterfas, Ali. "Les idées et la pratique constitutionnelle de Hassan II." Paris 5, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA05D003.
Full textThe purpose of this research focuses on the formulation of constitutional ideas of Hassan II, presented firstly through inheritance which underlies the ideological, religious and historical-political context; secondly in a more explicit set of pragmatic nature of discourse in which it is possible to extract legal principles and norms of constitutional law. We showed in the first instance the complex relationship between the Supreme Hassan II and the influence of conventions emanating from Koranic norms on organizing political power, patterns of devolution of royal power and the role of Mohammed V, his predecessor. The conceptualizations of Hassan's ideas on the constitution were influenced by his studies in French public law. Hassan II introduced in Morocco demands for a reorientation of the political destiny of the country towards the creating of a nation-state law derived essentially from Western nations. We have been able to decipher through speech ideas the underlying ideology of royal power against the institutions of a modern state, embodied in a certain vision of democracy. Furthermore, various views of Hassan II with regards to the doctrine of separation of powers, its mode of devolution, and the role of various bodies of power in the state can also be observed. Analysis of the 1962 to 1996 constitutions and its practice by the Moroccan king have also provided guidance on a synchronic approach by Hassan II of gradual constitutionalisation of royal power against the claims of the National Democratic Koutla by raising the relevant issues concerning the parliamentary reforms and governance. Ultimately, the constitutional ideas of Hassan II have matured to establish an original form of organizing power, combining specific features of the tradition and Shereefian Alawite and a reinterpretation of the role of the state and its organs of power in a legal system which favors royal institution
Azzouzi, Abdelhak. "Autoritarisme et aléas de la transition politique dans les pays du Maghreb : les trajectoires comparées du Maroc, de l'Algérie et de la Tunisie." Toulouse 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005TOU10062.
Full textThe three Maghreb countries (Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia) illustrate the indeterminate perspective of the trajectory of democratization. They present similarities and contrasts whose scientific and academic relevance are immediately visible and generate the curiosity of those who use a comparative approach. The objective of this study is to understand the longevity of Maghrebin authoritarianism whereas, paradoxically, the policies of “democratization” and “liberalization” are initiated and oriented in the three countries sometimes in a similar manner and sometimes in a contradictory manner. The hold of the Maghrebin regimes, as well as the development of the policies of “democratization” and “liberalization,” have largely contributed to the expansion of the powers in place, to increase their legitimacy, whereas “democracy” has become the slogan of the authoritarian rulers and their opponents. The latters end up no longer distancing themselves from the regime and participate in the rules of the political game delineated by those in power. However, these “transitions” appear to be “atypical” cases envisaged by the democratization studies in so far as the impulse to change always originates from the “ancient regime” the authoritarian regimes in place for a long time. Nevertheless, these measures of openness are, at the same time, a process of “institutionalization” and “legitimization” in time as they are “uncertain” in as much as the rulers are called to put in place the “democratic” political process that imposes constraints and so represent risks for the authoritarian regimes themselves
El, Achouri Mohammed Fouad. "La notion de démocratie au Maroc : essai d'analyse des discours du Trône, 1962-1995." Toulouse 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998TOU10044.
Full textJemaï, Mohamed. "La représentation socio-politique au niveau local au Maroc et la problématique modernité-tradition : terrain d'illustration, la ville d'Oujda." Paris 8, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA081208.
Full textThe traditionnal and socio-political representation of morroco at a local level has been much affected since independance (1956) by the importation of different modern and technical institutions of representation. As wel as society, as a whole, has wittenessed a lot of important changes. . Those tow realities have been understood considered through and whit in the realm of the problematic of modernity and tradition. The aim of this study is not only a descrition but also deals with the evolution of the representative institutions, the elites and their multidimentionnal environment ; in order to demonstrate how and why traditionalism imposed itself to link tradition and modernity, as a socio-cutural system ruling upon reality, but moreover, how it works and links the various fields of social political and economical life
Felhi, Jamaleddine. "Les partis socialistes marocains depuis 1975." Nancy 2, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985NAN20011.
Full textMohsen-Finan, Khadija. "Fonctions et enjeux du conflit du Sahara occidental : conflit régional et politiques intérieures." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995IEPP0010.
Full textThe Western Sahara conflict became, within the past years, a real stake between the North African countries political relationships on the one hand, and inside every concerned country of the region, on another hand. This work, in its two dimensional aspects - regional and national demonstrates how this war interfered and reacted with the regional politics together with major reactions on the national politics of Morocco and Algeria, and to a lesser degree, Mauritania. The Polisario having a specific role in this analysis. One major aspect of this war is also the utilization of the notion of referendum for political reasons by all sides
Zair, Tarik. "La gestion décentralisée du développement économique au Maroc." Toulouse 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006TOU10001.
Full textAttempt to shapeg a minimal State, the territorial decentralization is considered nowadays as on inevitable way to reach the local development. In Morocco, the option in favour of the local authorities, as economic agents, is the result of an “utilitarian necessity” which imposed itself on the central power. The State aims at hiding its inability to get the country out of its economic crises and to make responsible the decentralized power responsible for possible failures. Decentralized management of the economic development disclose a large amount of legal constraints that the reforms of 2002 were not able to overcome. Decentralized institutional and territorial frameworks turn out to be ill-adapted. The distribution of the economic skills was done at the expense on the local autonomies. The specific character of the economic skill favours the normative constraints which impose themselves on the decentralized powers. The growing politicization of the local development has probably weakened it. The difference of interest involved was done at the expense of the clarity which is necessary to the economic success. Thus, the development has taking a redistributive dimension and has not created wealth. The application of decentralized politic of development, in spite of its variety, resulted in visible shortcomings. The planning of the local development and its management show the difficulties to connect the two. The effectiveness of a decentralized politic of development is dependent on the improvement of the ressources devoted to the local development and on the overcoming of methodological gaps
Darhouani, Lahcen. "Le rôle de l'État et l'impact du contexte islamique sur l'évolution du Crédit populaire du Maroc, 1961-1995." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/mq31703.pdf.
Full textHannoun, Azedine. "L'ambivalence des stratégies marocaines sur le problème du Sahara occidental." Perpignan, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PERP0731.
Full textThis thesis proposes analysing the Moroccan policy towards the problem of the Western Sahara. It tries to answer to some questions about the specificity of the problem which last since thirty years ago and which govern the political life and the Moroccan foreign policy. The Moroccan policy towards this problem is divided in the time to tree strategies according to the objectives changes. As part of these tree strategies, we can notice certain ambivalence In the Moroccan attitude which finds its origin in complicated nature of the conflict. The question of the “Moroccan Sahara” became sacred in the internal level like the Islam and the person of the king. It arouses the unanimity within the society and the consensus among the political groups; It became equally the lever of the monarchy's legitimacy. However, the inscription of the territory in the UN's diary of decolonisation as a non self-governing territory obliged Morocco to adapt its attitude in order to avoid that the Sahara's problem become a factor of isolation and marginalization above the regional and international level. All the Morocco's Saharan policy sum up in a research of a balance between a necessity to keep the unanimity in the internal level about the “Moroccan Sahara”, moreover the necessity to find supports in abroad
Yakhlef, Mohamed M. B. L. "La municipalité de Fez à l'époque du Protectorat (1912-1956)." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/213108.
Full textOujjate, Abdeljalil. "La problématique de la démocratisation au Maroc depuis l'indépendance." Thesis, Paris 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA020099.
Full textSince the independence of Morocco (May 2nd, 1956), monarchy will succeed in establishing an absolute system of divine right. In concomitance, it will initiate several processes which aim, according to him, to democratize the political institutions of the Kingdom. The King Hassan II, successor and elder son of the King Mohammed V, will help with the assertion of this absolute monarchy. This consolidation will appear in the Constitution of 1962, then from the institutional practices which give the impression that everything works according to the order given by the monarchical institution or by the king/Emir of the believers. The introduction of the state of exception in 1965, after a short constitutional experiment, will plunge Morocco in a dictatorship which degrade the relationship between the State/Makhzen and the people. At the conclusion of the national consensus around the Western Sahara, the King starts a limited opening process that will not change the political balances of the country and which was largely splashed by the electoral special effects. However, several factors of internal and international order will urge the system to liberalize - and not inevitably to become more democratic - as from the years 1990. The arrival of King Mohammed VI will give a new breath to this politics of liberalization. However, no reduction in the powers of the King was carried out, until July 1st 2011 after the adoption of the new Constitution of the Kingdom
Agrour, Rachid. "Le mouvement hibiste et les tribus berbères de l'Anti-Atlas : une histoire de la périphérie (sud-ouest marocain) face au pouvoir central (1910-1934)." Paris 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA010566.
Full textMouhib, Leila. "Les politiques européennes de promotion de la démocratie: une analyse des rôles du Parlement et de la Commission dans les cas tunisien et marocain, 2006-2012." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209503.
Full textL’objectif est de comprendre et d’expliquer les pratiques des différents groupes d’acteurs impliqués dans ces politiques, au sein de la Commission (DG Relex/SEAE, DG Devco, délégations) et du Parlement (sous-commission DROI).
La position défendue est la suivante :les pratiques européennes de promotion de la démocratie au Maroc et en Tunisie sont fonction de l’identité des groupes institutionnels qui les mettent en œuvre. Pour chaque groupe institutionnel, peuvent être mis en évidence des normes, intérêts et ressources qui contribuent à défendre et renforcer l’identité institutionnelle. Dès lors, des pratiques qui peuvent paraître incohérentes au premier abord (pourquoi agir au Maroc et pas en Tunisie ?pourquoi créer l’IEDDH et, parallèlement, évincer l’objectif de promotion de la démocratie de la coopération bilatérale avec la Tunisie ?) prennent tout leur sens lorsqu’on parvient à restituer la fonction sociale qu’elles assurent.
Doctorat en Sciences politiques et sociales
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Dadi, Soumaya. "La Constitution marocaine du 29 juillet 2011 : rénovation institutionnelle et promotion des libertés." Thesis, Paris 5, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA05D003.
Full textIn an unprecedented scope in the Maghreb and Arab neighborhood, at a crucial moment in the evolution of the Arab-Muslim world, the comprehensive constitutional reforms announced by HM King Mohammed VI to the nation on 9 March 2011, is the culmination of a process of economic reforms, political and social begun since the late 90s. Fruit unprecedented participatory approach in the history of Morocco, the constitution adopted by referendum three years ago laid the foundations of a new phase in the process of consolidation of a Moroccan democratic model. This approach was welcomed by the entire international community, considering an important step in policy development underway in Morocco, and a significant proof of the commitment of all forces of the nation to the project company carried by the new constitution. The new constitution is based on several major foundations, which concern the separation des powers, consolidating the rule of law, expanding the scope of individual and collective freedoms, strengthening the system of human rights. It enshrines for the first time, the recognition of the Amazigh cultural component, the desire to build justice in an independent power. It also provides for strengthening the status of the Prime Minister is head of government, the establishment and entrenchment of bodies responsible for promoting human rights and good governance. Apart from these major issues, the new law is rich with several provisions affecting the foundations of Moroccan society and its insertion in the concert of modern and democratic country. It opens new perspectives, and goes beyond the aspirations expressed; it is a revolution in the political life of the country and a starting point of a new era. This work aims to show that this reform is not cyclical or due to a single factor, great burst of reform is hardly a matter of fact, now called the Arab Spring. This constitutional change that is part of the regime's stability seems to show political maturity through his choice to implement new mechanisms. It is therefore a new institutional context but essential objective to consolidate all the democratic gains that have been materialized throughout the modern history of Morocco and we propose to study. The new law confirms once again the exception of the Moroccan model and its singular character that revolves around a particularly active and dynamic political scene, drawing its strength from a constitutional monarchy, centuries old. His exception is actually a particularism, a singularity due to the nature of the monarchical regime and the specificities of the Kingdom, which make the change does not take place through the same channels and is not expressed in the same way
Bin, Saoud Fahad bin Saoud bin Abdallah. "Le poids géopolitique de la mer Rouge : de la crise de Suez de 1956 à 1999." Paris 4, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA040008.
Full textMazih, Benboucetta Bouchra. "Les émissions culturelles à la Télévision Marocaine : quel statut dans une démocratie en devenir ?" Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA030023.
Full textThis paper primarily seeks to verify whether the status of culture on Moroccan national television could be an indicator of the implementation of a democratic process in Morocco. Audiovisual reform is a pretext for observing the scope of reformist discourse, especially when such discourse is delivered by authoritarian regimes. As we intend to examine a specific aspect of policy in a given sector, it would be interesting to place it in the broader context in which it evolves. We shall take a close look at the country's colonial past to better understand the foundations of the Moroccan regime and the relations that it nurtures with the various stakeholders in the political landscape.We will use the relations between the monarchy and religion, politics and the media, and the Moroccan people to present the problematic of how authoritarian regimes now use reforms as a new way of reasserting their authority. The 2011 elections brought Islamists into the government. In the audiovisual sector, we can expect a confrontation between the true holders of power in this field and the ministry in charge of the sector when it comes to drafting the terms of reference for public radios and televisions. We shall examine how political stakes influence the decisions of the various professionals through the conditions for implementing these texts; for we wish to participate in viewing from a different angle, the modernization processes of a country such as Morocco
Tarbouni, Younasse. "THE ARAB CENTURY opposing trajectories of Arab activism in MENA What has changed? the case of the Moroccan movement of February 20, 2011." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEH014.
Full textWith the MF20 as the major Case Study , I argue against the claims of the newness, uniqueness, success and failure or finality of these Arab movements. I revisit the first decade of the 21st century and the declaration of War on Terrorism (2003) as one trigger of sociopolitical conflicts that were already entrenched in the MENA region. What we witnessed in the second decade of this century is that the Arab uprisings only exposed transgressions in human rights and atrocities in the Middle East to the world. These uprisings were hurriedly reduced to seasonal uprisings. The third decade unfortunately looks to be in the hands of right-wing ideologues standing against multiculturalism and stressing the fear of religious extremism to change the focus from social issues and force the narrative of us-against-them on the forefront. For these reasons, I claim, there is no finality to the Arab uprisings, they have just begun and they are not in a state of thaw as Davis (2013) depicts them, but they are in slumbering phase recouping for a stronger come back. The close analysis in the project of the saga of struggles of these Arab movements with the Arab autocratic regimes who engineered nothing but preemptive reforms, requires our close attention for the remaining decades in this 21st century. Even the so-called successful cases, Tunisia and Morocco, indicate that what is celebrated is a state of temporary stability with major and alarming short comings in social change and social justice; two of the main reasons of the so called Arab Spring. Thomas Friedman suggests great historical details, in his great piece for the New York Times, calling for the expression “Arab Spring” be retired and be replaced by Anthony Cordesman’s the “Arab Decade” or “Arab Quarter Century” . I claim we are beyond that, and that we are witnessing an Arab Century in movement.If the recent political changes around the world are any indication, social change in the Arab world will be overlooked for at least another decade. The rise of the extreme right to power in the US and in Europe has already shifted the focus from the social injustices in the Arab world to the everlasting issue of Islam and extremism in the West. This is proving to be a big break for Arab autocratic regimes, who are using this rise of Islamophobia in the West as a unifying argument that distracts from the social injustices within their republics and kingdoms. Thus, the struggle of Arab citizens within the Arab states for social dignity will be overlooked until the revived narrative of the clash of Islam and the West dies down