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1
Dris, Ghezala. "Autour du discours humoristique dans « Ravisseur » de Leila Marouane." Traduction et Langues 14, no. 2 (December 31, 2015): 52–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.52919/translang.v14i2.748.
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Around The Humoristic Speech in "Ravisseur" by Leila Marouane
Ravisseur is a story placed under the sign of rupture. This story, published in 1998 by Julliard, comes at a time when Algerian novel production had just run out of steam in the repetition of the themes of the black tragedy that the country had experienced. Its originality lies in the crossing of two discourses, namely tragedy and humour. Although Ravisseur is rooted in the Algerian reality, he leaves a lot of room for the imagination and denounces the tragedy of a family and a society through metaphorical, humorous and ironic writing. The humoristic discourse used makes it possible to go beyond the existential situation and make fun of a society to which the characters refuse to adhere. In this article, we will discuss one of Leila Marouane's writing strategies.
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Redouane, Rabia. "Le Châtiment des hypocrites by Leïla Marouane." Women in French Studies 11, no. 1 (2003): 143–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/wfs.2003.0013.
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Milò, Julie. "Leïla Marouane, La jeune fille et la mère." Studi Francesi, no. 150 (L | III) (December 31, 2006): 646–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/studifrancesi.28161.
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Labbé, Bleuenn. "Décrouvrir Fanon. Marouane Essadek Les éditions sociales, 2022." L'Autre Volume 24, no. 1 (May 15, 2023): 132. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/lautr.070.0132.
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Ayadi, Hanna. "Écrire chez Leïla Marouane : une réappropriation littéraire de l’Histoire." Babel, no. 41 (May 18, 2020): 93–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/babel.10151.
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Malinowska, Magdalena. "Représentations stéréotypées de la femme célibataire chez Leïla Marouane et Kaouther Adimi." Romanica Silesiana 16, no. 2 (March 31, 2021): 239–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.31261/rs.2019.16.23.
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In this paper, the author analyzes the stereotypical representations of single woman from two French-language Algerian novels: Les Pierres dans ma poche by Kaouther Adimi and La fille de la Casbah by Leïla Marouane. By using different literary techniques, the chosen writers formulate a severe criticism of contemporary Algerian society which, despite the hard-won liberties of the second sex, maintains the status quo by enclosing women in stereotypical social roles and by stigmatizing those who do not do not conform to societal standards.
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Kara, M. H., K. A. Bengraine, F. Derbal, L. Chaoui, and M. Amarouayache. "Quality evaluation of a new strain of Artemia from Chott Marouane (Northeast Algeria)." Aquaculture 235, no. 1-4 (June 2004): 361–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2004.02.016.
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Gravet, Catherine. "Comment la folie vient aux femmes. Personnages de folles dans quelques récits de Maghrébines : d’Isabelle Eberhardt à Leïla Marouane." Çédille 7 (September 1, 2017): 131. http://dx.doi.org/10.21071/ced.v7i.10892.
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Isabelle Eberhardt, Leïla Sebbar, Azza Filali, Malika Madi y Leïla Marouane: estas cinco autoras, cuyas relaciones con el Magreb mostraremos, ponen en escena a mujeres locas en varios de sus relatos (cuatro relatos cortos y cuatro novelas). Recopilaremos las descripciones de las manifestaciones de aquella locura y los contextos en los cuales surgen los comportamientos considerados “anormales” por la narr dora y/o los demás protagonistas. A continuación, intentaremos destacar el origen y las causas de dicha locura (o presunta psicosis). De forma general, viene provocada por la violencia contra las chicas y/o las mujeres, bien sea parental, social, masculina o vinculada al contexto geográfico-cultural. La imagen de las mujeres locas, para estas autoras magrebíes, demuestra una exclusión que les impone un sistema patriarcal abusivo y que nos parece específica de cierta literatu a femenina del Magreb.
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Ayadi, Hanna. "D’une rive à l’autre, littérature et pratiques culturelles : la virginité dans les romans de Leïla Marouane." Babel, no. 30 (July 1, 2014): 293–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/babel.3990.
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Vendetti, Maria. ""Quel étranger ici ne se sent pas chez lui?": Leïla Marouane and the Pathology of Failed Integration." Journal of the Midwest Modern Language Association 49, no. 2 (2016): 111–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/mml.2016.0040.
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Durand, Annick. "Mère tortionnaire, société tortionnaire. Maternité, virginité et révolte dans La jeune fille et la mère de Leïla Marouane." Sextant, no. 32 (December 19, 2015): 41–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/sextant.2894.
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Chaimae, Senhaji, Ahansal Khadija, Abdelwahed Rabha, Diria Ghizlane, Gaboun Fatima, Udupa Sripada Mahabala, Douira Allal, and Iraqi Driss. "Development of an efficient regeneration system for mature bombarded calli of Moroccan durum wheat varieties." March 2021, no. 15(03):2021 (March 5, 2021): 431–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.21.15.03.p2976.
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This study examined the effects of various environmental and genetic factors on callus induction and plant regeneration of bombarded calli from mature embryos of durum wheat using the biolistic method. In this study, three Moroccan durum wheat varieties ('Isly', 'Amria', 'Marouane') were cultivated on two induction media (IM1 and IM2) with different nitrogen sources and contents. After that, each variety cultured on both induction media was transferred in to two regeneration media (RM1 and RM2) with different phytohormones, whereas each variety distributed through four combinations of treatments: IM1RM1, IM1RM2, IM2RM1, and IM2RM2. A completely randomized design with five replications per treatment for each genotype was used. Parameters considered in this study were phytohormones, nitrogen source and its content, plant variety, and their interactions. The study found that variety, medium and variety × medium interactions have a statistically significant effect on callus induction and plantlets regeneration. Prior to bombardment, the maximum percentage of callus induction was obtained under IM1. Conversely, the callus survival rate was not affected by the induction media once bombarded for all three varieties. The induction media had a significant effect on all regeneration parameters (p < 0.01). The variety ‘Isly’ showed the best regeneration efficiency after bombardment, with nearly 80% of plantlets regenerated under IM1 and RM2 combination. These media can be used for genetic transformation of durum wheat
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Ahansal, Khadija, Rabha Abdelwahd, Sripada Udupa, Hanane Aadel, Fatima Gaboun, Mohammed Ibriz, and Driss Iraqi. "Effect of type of mature embryo explants and acetosyringone on agrobacterium-mediated transformation of moroccan durum wheat." Bioscience Journal 38 (February 16, 2022): e38007. http://dx.doi.org/10.14393/bj-v38n0a2022-54513.
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Drought is one of the major constraints in durum wheat production in the Mediterranean Basin. In order to overcome this problem, the genetic transformation of durum wheat is one of the choices for improvement. However, the recalcitrance to Agrobacterium-mediated transformation in durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L.) is one of the factors limiting a successful genetic transformation. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of explant type and acetosyringone concentration for the efficient Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation of three Moroccan durum wheat varieties (Amria, Chaoui, and Marouane). The mature embryos (intact, halved and pieces) were inoculated with Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain EHA101 harboring the binary vector pTF101.1 containing drought tolerance gene HVA1 from barley, and a selectable marker phosphinothricin (PPT) resistance (bar) gene. The explants were inoculated with A. tumefaciens (cell density OD650 at 0.7) at four different concentrations of acetosyringone (0, 100, 200, and 400 µM). The results showed that embryogenic calli from mature embryos showed higher regeneration and transformation than mature embryo halves and pieces. The integration of the transgene was confirmed by PCR amplification using primers specific to the bar gene, 2x35S promoter, and HVA1 gene. The transformation efficiency ranging from 0.33% to 2.33% was obtained in Amira variety using embryogenic calli and acetosyringone concentrations of 200 and 400 µM. The integration, as well as inheritance of the transgene, was confirmed by PCR amplification in T0 and T1 generations. This is the first report describing a genetic transformation of Moroccan durum wheat varieties via Agrobacterium tumefaciens.
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Duranti, Andrea. "Breaking Silence in the ‘Language of the Other’: The Depiction of the Algerian Civil War in the Works of Assia Djebar, Leïla Marouane and Malika Mokeddem." Maghreb Review 36, no. 1 (2011): 59–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/tmr.2011.0012.
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Kędzierska, Ewelina Agnieszka, Krzysztof Petelczyc, Karol Kakarenko, Marcin Bieda, Adam Kowalczyk, Anna Byszewska, and Andrzej Kolodziejczyk. "Standardized ETDRS charts for mobile devices." Photonics Letters of Poland 9, no. 3 (September 30, 2017): 88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4302/plp.v9i3.757.
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Charts displayed on mobile devices was verified in comparison to standardized ETDRS charts. Such method of visual acuity assessment is characterized by stabile brightness and contrast. Moreover the ability to dynamically display random optotypes eliminates the problem of memorizing the contents of charts, making measurements more reliable. Our tests showed that the VA measured with mobile device and the VA tested using standardized printed charts are not significantly different. Full Text: PDF ReferencesB. Shneiderman, Leonardo's Laptop: Human Needs and the New Computing Technologies (Boston, MIT Press 2002).A. Holzinger, M. Errath, "Mobile computer Web-application design in medicine: some research based guidelines", P. Univ. Access Inf. Soc. 6, 31 (2007). CrossRef R. K. Lord et al., "Novel Uses of Smartphones in Ophthalmology", Ophthalmology 117, 1274 (2010). CrossRef M. D. Crossland, R. S. Silva and A. F. Macedo, "Smartphone, tablet computer and e-reader use by people with vision impairment", Ophthalmic Physiol. Opt. 34, 552 (2014). CrossRef E. Zvornicanin, J. Zvornicanin and B. Hadziefendic, "The Use of Smart phones in Ophthalmology", Acta Inform. Med. 22, 206 (2014). CrossRef S. Tofigh et al., "Effectiveness of a smartphone application for testing near visual acuity", Eye 29, 1464 (2015). CrossRef C. Perera et al., "The Eye Phone Study: reliability and accuracy of assessing Snellen visual acuity using smartphone technology", Eye 29, 888 (2015). CrossRef Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study: Manual of Operations. (Baltimore, U.S. Department of Commerce 1985).F. L. Ferris et al., "New Visual Acuity Charts for Clinical Research", Am. J. Ophthalmol. 94, 91 (1982). CrossRef W. F. Long, G. C. S. Woo, "Measuring Light Levels with Photographic Meters", Optometry Vision Sci. 57, 51 (1980). CrossRef F. L Ferris, R. D. Sperduto, "Standardized Illumination for Visual Acuity Testing in Clinical Research", Am. J. Ophthalmol. 94, 97 (1982). CrossRef Ch. Dancey, J. Reidy, Statistics Without Maths for Psychology (Harlow, Prentice Hall 2011).N. Balakrishnan, Methods and applications of statistics in the life and health sciences (New Jersey, John Wiley & Sons 2010).ISO 8596:2009 Ophthalmic optics - Visual acuity testing - Standard optotype and its presentation (2009).S. Koenig et al., "Assessing visual acuity across five disease types: ETDRS charts are faster with clinical outcome comparable to Landolt Cs", Graefes Arch. Clin. Exp. Ophthalmol. 252, 1093 (2014). CrossRef A. Glasser, M. W. C. Campbell, "Presbyopia and the optical changes in the human crystalline lens with age", Vision Research 38, 209 (1998). CrossRef P. K. Kaiser, "Prospective Evaluation of Visual Acuity Assessment: A Comparison of Snellen Versus ETDRS Charts in Clinical Practice (An AOS Thesis)", Trans. Am. Ophthalmol. Soc. 107, 311 (2009). DirectLink L. Hyvärinen, R. Näsänen and P. Laurinen, "New Visual Acuity Test For Pre-School Children", Acta Ophthalmol. 58, 507 (1980). CrossRef M. Schuster, "Speech Recognition for Mobile Devices at Google", Lecture Notes in Computer Science 6230 (2010). CrossRef M. Werner, M. Kessel and C. Marouane, "Indoor positioning using smartphone camera", IPIN, International Conference on. IEEE (2011). CrossRef
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Azize, Joseph. "On the Foundation Period of the Maronite Tradition." Religions 15, no. 5 (May 13, 2024): 596. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel15050596.
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The Maronite Church states that it is an Antiochene and Syriac Church. This article traces, in chronological and discursive fashion, the emergence of the Maronite tradition. It explores the life and significance of St Maroun (d. ca AD 418–23), giving consideration to thinkers who helped to understand his outlook and methods and assessing what we know of the St Maroun monastery (Dayr Mar Maroun) and its vicissitudes down to the sixth century. The piece then treats Maronites in the context of the seventh-century monothelite controversy, following their foundational developments up to the time of their first patriarch Yohanna Maroun (flor. 680s). The paper considers not only the ascetic and monastic currents in the early Maronite community but also touches on the influence of Syriac typology and its gradual displacement by analytic and dogmatic theology.
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Donfack, Charveline Francine, Brice B. S. Wandjie, Andre Lenouo, David Monkam, and Clement Tchawoua. "Irrigation Requirements and Yields of Maize Crop Under Future Climate in Some Cities of Northern Cameroon." Journal of Agricultural Science 12, no. 8 (July 15, 2020): 226. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v12n8p226.
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Using meteorological data obtained from Regional Model (REMO), maize yields from the years 2020 to 2099 were simulated by AquaCrop Model in Maroua, Garoua and Kaélé. These future yields are almost nil for the three cities. In view to determine the minimum quantities of water needed to improve them, the hypothesis of no water moisture stress was considered. For the four periods of 20 consecutive years (2020-2039, 2040-2059, 2060-2079 and 2080-2099), average yields of 5.21, 5.11, 4.97, and 4.73 ton/ha are obtained in Garoua, 5.05, 4.97, 4.64, and 3.87 ton/ha in Maroua and 4.91, 4.82, 4.51 and 3.69 t/ha in Kaélé. The average quantities of water irrigation (also obtained with AquaCrop) for the same periods are 13, 19, 46 and 78 mm for Garoua; 34, 48, 84 and 147 mm for Maroua and 57, 68, 111 and 171 mm for Kaélé. The yields by considering these irrigation water quantities are improved and the following values are obtained for the four periods indicated above: 5.20, 5.10, 4.99 and 4.82 ton/ha for Garoua; 5.10, 5.00, 4.78 and 4.35 ton/ha for Maroua and 4.99, 4.91, 4.75 and 4.50 ton/ha for Kaélé.
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Tebeu, Pierre-Marie, Patrick Petignat, and Paulette Mhawech-Fauceglia. "Gynecological malignancies in Maroua, Cameroon." International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics 104, no. 2 (October 15, 2008): 148–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijgo.2008.09.005.
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Zieba Falama, Ruben, Felix Ngangoum Welaji, Abdouramani Dadjé, Virgil Dumbrava, Noël Djongyang, Chokri Ben Salah, and Serge Yamigno Doka. "A Solution to the Problem of Electrical Load Shedding Using Hybrid PV/Battery/Grid-Connected System: The Case of Households’ Energy Supply of the Northern Part of Cameroon." Energies 14, no. 10 (May 14, 2021): 2836. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14102836.
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A techno-economic study of a hybrid PV/Battery/Grid-connected system for energy supply is carried out in this paper to respond to the problem of electrical load shedding. An optimal design of the system is realized thanks to a double-objective optimization based on a proposed operational strategy of the system and on Firefly Algorithm (FA). The system is designed for household energy supply in three different towns of the northern part of Cameroon. For different LPSP (Loss of Power Supply Probability), the double objective simulation determines the optimal configurations of the system with their related cost. The optimal and reliable PV/Battery subsystem configuration corresponding to LPSP of 0% obtained for one household is composed for the towns of Maroua and Garoua by 8 PV modules and a battery capacity of 11.304 kWh with 1-day autonomy. For the town of Ngaoundéré, it is composed by 10 PV modules and battery capacity of 11.304 kWh with 1-day autonomy. The related investment costs corresponding to these optimal configurations are USD 6225.6 for Maroua and Garoua and USD 7136.6 for Ngaoundéré. The great proportion of the monthly energy demand consumed by the load is provided by the PV/Battery system. The monthly PV/Battery energy represents 60.385% to 72.546% of the load consumed in Maroua, 58.371% to 71.855% of the load consumed in Garoua, and 61.233% to 74.160% of the load consumed in Ngaoundéré. The annual main grid energy consumed for one household is 1299.524 kWh in Maroua, 1352.818 kWh in Garoua, and 1260.876 kWh in Ngaoundéré. Moreover, the annual PV/Battery energy consumed for one household is 1580.730 kWh in Maroua, 1527.815 kWh in Garoua, and 1619.530 kWh in Ngaoundéré. Thus, the PV/Battery system, by reducing the grid energy consumption, acts as the principal source of energy of the whole system. The time the PV/Battery/Grid-connected system needs to be economically more advantageous than the electric grid without blackouts is 17 years for Maroua and 18 years for both Garoua and Ngaoundéré. It is demonstrated in this paper that the hybrid PV/Battery/Grid-connected system is an effective solution for electrical load shedding in sub-Saharan zones. This system is very useful for grid energy consumption reduction. For a long-term investment, the PV/Battery/Grid-connected system is more economically advantageous than the main grid alone.
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Yaouba, Ruben Zieba Falama, Felix Ngangoum Welaji, Marcel Hamda Soulouknga, Fabrice Kwefeu Mbakop, and Abdouramani Dadjé. "Optimal Decision-Making on Hybrid Off-Grid Energy Systems for Rural and Remote Areas Electrification in the Northern Cameroon." Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering 2022 (April 12, 2022): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/5316520.
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Hybrid renewable energy systems are effective solutions to the problem of lack of electricity in many localities around the world. In this paper, a comparative study of ten different options of standalone hybrid energy systems is done. These systems are used for household energy supply in rural and remote areas. The three regions of the northern Cameroon have been chosen as study sites. HOMER optimization Pro software has been performed for the optimal sizing of the proposed systems. The system reliability, the cost of energy, the renewable energy penetration, and the carbon dioxide emissions are the main comparative indexes considered. For an energy demand of 46418.100 kWh/year and a lifetime project of 25 years, the best optimal system configuration for the sites considered based on economic analysis is the PV/DG/battery system with a cost of energy of 0.378 $/kWh in Garoua, 0.359 $/kWh in Maroua, and 0.394 $/kWh in Ngaoundéré. When considering the environmental criteria, the PV/Battery and the PV/wind/Battery are the best options with 0 kgCO2 emissions per year and 100% renewable energy penetration. The renewable energy penetration of the PV/DG/Battery system is 95.6% in Garoua, 96.3% in Maroua, and 95.1% in Ngaoundéré. Thus, when taking into account both economic and environmental aspects, the PV/DG/Battery could appear as the best optimal system for rural and remote areas electrification in the northern part of Cameroon. The sensitivity analysis revealed that the studied systems are more attractive when increasing the project lifetime (up to 50 years, the COE is 0.375 $/kWh, 0.356 $/kWh, and 0.391 $/kWh, respectively, in Garoua, Maroua, and Ngaoundéré). However, the studied systems are more attractive when reducing the fuel price and the discount rate. When reducing the fuel price to up to 0.01 $/l, the COE is 0.359 $/kWh in Garoua, 0.342 $/kWh in Maroua, and 0.371 $/kWh in Ngaoundéré. When reducing the discount rate to up to 1%, the values of the COE are 0.253 $/kWh, 0.240 $/kWh, and 0.264 $/kWh, respectively, in Garoua, Maroua, and Ngaoundéré.
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Wanie, Clarkson Mvo, and Roland Akoh Ndi. "Governance issues constraining the deployment of flood resilience strategies in Maroua, Far North Region of Cameroon." Disaster Prevention and Management: An International Journal 27, no. 2 (April 3, 2018): 175–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/dpm-12-2017-0300.
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Purpose Cities across the globe, particularly those of the less developed world, face long-term challenges associated with floods which impact negatively on the resilience of city systems and their inhabitants. In the city of Maroua, most urban management stakeholders have been unable to integrate flood resilience research into urban development issues. It is against this background that the purpose of this paper is to evaluate the governance issues constraining the deployment of flood resilience strategies implemented by residents in flood-prone zones and those used by the government via administrative authorities and institutions charged with urban development to flood-related risks in the city of Maroua, Far North Region of Cameroon. Design/methodology/approach Field surveys, participant observations, interviews, and on-the-spot appraisals were carried out with residents in flood-prone neighbourhoods and municipal authorities on the state of recurrent floods including mitigating strategies being implemented. Findings The results revealed that Maroua has a fragile ecological setting which has increased the vulnerability of the town to flood-related risks. This is further aggravated by the fact that municipal authorities are yet to have a thorough mastery of such recurrent flood incidences due to their limited planning horizons, rendering the urban poor disproportionately susceptible to flood-related stresses. This exposes them to unavoidable flood associated hazards such as water borne diseases (typhoid and cholera) as they are bogged down by physical and financial limitations. Besides, decision-making processes in relation to managing urban systems are not guided by good governance as efforts to enhance and integrate the local population for flood resilience are neither participatory nor inclusive, ushering the urban environment of Maroua into a frivolous path to profligacy. Originality/value For resilience to be deeply entrenched, the paper proffers for the mainstreaming of flood resilience strategies into urban development plans through multi-stakeholder involvement across different sectors and departments, as well as the setting up of a practical time table for monitoring the progress of these measures through geospatial technologies such as remote sensing and geographical information systems.
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Tsamo, Cornelius, Guillaume Patrice Koffa, and LADY Astaharam. "Physico-chemical Characterization and Zero Valent Iron Treatment of Borehole Water of Maroua-Cameroon." Journal of Environment and Ecology 10, no. 2 (November 16, 2019): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jee.v10i2.15568.
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The quality of borehole water of Maroua was evaluated using physico-chemical properties and treated using Fe/sand mixture of different composition and 100% sand in the reactive zone column filtration. While the pH, iron and chloride amounts were generally within WHO standards other measured parameters were generally above these standards. The Fe/sand system improves pH and entirely removes colour than 100% sand system. It also more performant for hardness removal in three days than 100% sand but the latter is more efficient over a longer period. There is a reduction in the flow rate of the Fe/sand mixture. The borehole water of Maroua I council area is not very potable and can be rendered more potable by using a cheap and simple filtration system based on sand and Fe.
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Elhai, M., M. Boubaya, N. Sritharan, A. Balbir-Gurman, E. Siegert, E. Hachulla, J. De Vries-Bouwstra, et al. "POS0140 PREDICTING OUTCOMES IN SYSTEMIC SCLEROSIS: STRATIFICATION BY AUTO-ANTIBODIES OUTPERFORMS CUTANEOUS SUBSETTING IN THE EUSTAR COHORT." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 81, Suppl 1 (May 23, 2022): 297.1–297. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2022-eular.1224.
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BackgroundRisk-stratification is key in a heterogeneous disease like systemic sclerosis (SSc). Until now, SSc patients are stratified according to the extent of skin involvement into limited cutaneous, diffuse cutaneous and sine scleroderma subtypes. However, this classification remains inaccurate to capture disease heterogeneity. Autoantibodies are found in more than 90% of the patients and can be detected before onset of the disease. Among them, three predominant and specific antibodies are used: anti-centromere, anti-Scl70 and RNA polymerase III antibodies.ObjectivesTo compare the performances of stratification into LeRoy’s cutaneous subtypes versus autoantibody status in SSc versus combination of cutaneous subtypes and autoantibodies status.MethodsPatients from the EUSTAR database were classified either as (i) limited cutaneous, diffuse cutaneous or sine scleroderma (based on the recording made by the treating physician) or (ii) according to autoantibodies with the following subclassifications: (1) no specific autoantibodies, (2) isolated ANA, (3) anti-centromere antibodies, (4) anti-Scl70 antibodies and (5) anti-RNA polymerase III antibodies or (iii) according to combination of cutaneous subset and auto-antibodies. The respective performance of each model to predict overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), disease progression and different organ involvements was assessed and the three models were compared by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC 95%CI) and the net reclassification improvement (NRI). Missing data were imputed through multiple imputation using chain equations.ResultsIn all, 10’711 patients were included: 84.6% females, mean age: 54.4±13.8 years, mean disease duration: 7.9±8.2 years. In the prospective analysis (n= 6’467 to 7’829 according to the outcome), after a mean follow-up of 56 months and a mean of three visits per patient, we did not identify any difference in AUC between the cutaneous-based model and the antibody-based model for prediction of OS and disease progression. However, the NRI showed a significant improvement in prediction of OS (0.57 [0.46-0.71] vs. 0.29 [0.19-0.39]) and disease progression (0.36 [0.29-0.46] vs. 0.21 [0.14-0.28]) at 4 years using the antibody-based model. Regarding prediction of each organ involvement in longitudinal analyses, the antibody-based model showed better performance than the cutaneous-one for renal crisis (AUC: 0.719 [0.696-0.742] vs. 0.664 [0.643-0.685]), with the highest association observed with anti-RNA polymerase III (OR: 7.47 [1.63-34.24], p= 0.010). Similarly, the antibody-based model was better than the cutaneous model in predicting lung fibrosis (AUC 0.719 [0.715-724] vs. 0.653 [0.647-0.659]) and restrictive lung fibrosis (AUC 0.759 [0.749-0.766] vs. 0.711 [0.701-0.721]) which were both associated with anti-Scl70 antibodies (OR: 9.29 [8.17-10.55] and 7.92 [5.37-11.69], respectively, p<0.0001 for both). Although there was no difference in the AUC to predict digital ulcers, NRI showed an improvement using the antibody-based model (0.31 [0.29-0.33] vs. 0.24 [0.22-0.26]) with the highest association with anti-Scl70 antibodies (OR: 3.57 [2.68-4.75], p<0.0001). The two models had similar performances in assessing occurrence of intestinal involvement, heart dysfunction or elevated sPAP. Combining both antibody status and cutaneous subtype did not improve the performance of our models. In the exploratory analysis, there was no change using modified Rodnan skin score to define cutaneous form.ConclusionAuto-antibody status outperforms the common cutaneous subsetting to risk-stratify SSc patients in the EUSTAR cohort. This easily performed subclassification using autoantibodies specific status can be used by the clinicians to risk-stratify their patients and to adapt disease monitoring in routine practice.Disclosure of InterestsMuriel Elhai Speakers bureau: BMS outside of the submitted work, Marouane Boubaya: None declared, Nanthara Sritharan: None declared, Alexandra Balbir-Gurman: None declared, Elise Siegert: None declared, Eric Hachulla: None declared, Jeska de Vries-Bouwstra: None declared, Gabriela Riemekasten: None declared, Jörg H.W. Distler: None declared, Douglas Veale: None declared, Edoardo Rosato: None declared, Francesco Del Galdo: None declared, Fabian A Mendoza: None declared, Daniel Furst Consultant of: Abbvie, Novartis, Pfizer, R-Pharm, Grant/research support from: Emerald, Kadmon, PICORI, Pfizer,Prometheus, Talaris, Mitsubishi, Carlos De la Puente Bujidos: None declared, Anna-Maria Hoffmann-Vold Speakers bureau: Actelion, Boehringer Ingelheim, Jansen, Lilly, Medscape, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Roche, Consultant of: Actelion, ARXX, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Jansen, Lilly, Medscape, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Roche, Grant/research support from: Boehringer Ingelheim, Armando Gabrielli: None declared, Oliver Distler Speakers bureau: Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Janssen, Medscape, Consultant of: Abbvie, Acceleron, Alcimed, Amgen, AnaMar, Arxx, AstraZeneca, Baecon, Blade, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Corbus, CSL Behring, 4P Science, Galapagos, Glenmark, Horizon, Inventiva, Kymera, Lupin, Miltenyi Biotec, Mitsubishi Tanabe, MSD, Novartis, Prometheus, Roivant, Sanofi and Topadur, Grant/research support from: Kymera, Mitsubishi Tanabe, Boehringer Ingelheim, Coralie Bloch-Queyrat: None declared, Yannick Allanore Consultant of: Actelion, Bayer, BMS, Boehringer-Ingelheim, Inventiva, Roche, Sanofi-Aventis, Grant/research support from: Actelion, Bayer, BMS, Boehringer-Ingelheim, Inventiva, Roche, Sanofi-Aventis
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Billa, Robert Nanche. "Age as a Determinant of Livelihood Strategies and Poverty in Maroua." Journal of Social Sciences Research, no. 81 (February 27, 2022): 9–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.32861/jssr.81.9.21.
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The main question we asked in this work was: what is the state of the livelihood of the people of Maroua considering their high poverty rate (74%) and an economic dependency ratio of 1.19? The main objective was to examine how age influences livelihood in Maroua in terms of income difference, subsistence resources, quality of life: feeding habits, health-seeking behavior, number of persons per house, possession of mobile and immobile goods. We used the stratified sampling method, in which we administered 720 questionnaires to men and women ensuring that the percentage of females equal that of males as much as possible for easy comparison. We obtained the following results: those who are between 36–46 and 47–57 significantly produce millet, Niébé, groundnuts, and other subsistence resources such as corn which significantly help them to survive. This is because those who are between 36–46 are significantly civil servants and farmers. Older persons only significantly produce millet and groundnut. This explains why those who are between 36–46 and 47–57 have a higher income than those who are older than them. Consequently, those who are between 36-46 years,47-57 years vary their meals more than four times per week because as compared to the other age groups they earn higher income per month and they produce or have nearly all the subsistence resources in Maroua. More so, the age group 47-48 stock more foods than the other age-groups.
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Patouma, Lewa, Elias Nchiwan Nukenine, Ibrahima Adamou, and Champlain Djieto-Lordon. "Caractérisation de l’entomofaune de la tomate (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill) en champ dans la localité de Meskine, région de l’Extrême-nord, Cameroun." International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences 14, no. 6 (October 6, 2020): 2069–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijbcs.v14i6.11.
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La localité de Meskine à Maroua, longtemps considérée comme une zone céréalière de l’Extrême-nord du Cameroun, est devenue, de nos jours, une région de production de tomate par excellence. Les producteurs de cette culture font face à plusieurs contraintes parmi lesquelles les activités des insectes ravageurs. Dans le but de contribuer à l’amélioration de la production de cette culture, la présente étude a permis d’établir une liste des insectes ravageurs et utiles pullulant dans les champs de tomate. Les insectes, collectés par aspiration et par fauchage, ont été identifiés dans les laboratoires de Zoologie appliquée des universités de Ngaoundéré et Yaoundé I au Cameroun. L’inventaire a montré que les insectes inféodés à la culture de la tomate dans la localité de Meskine à Maroua sont représentés par huit (8) ordres, vingt-une (21) familles et vingt-deux (22) genres. Ces insectes. Bien que la majorité de ces insectes soit des ravageurs, on note la présence de quelques prédateurs et pollinisateurs. La détermination de l’entomofaune de la culture de tomate dans cette localité est un outil qui peut ainsi servir à la conception de stratégies de lutte contre les ravageurs.
Mots clés: Lycopersicon esculentum, insectes ravageurs, insectes prédateurs, Maroua.
English Title: Entomofauna associated to the tomato crops (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill) in the locality of Meskine, Far North region, Cameroon
Meskine in the Far North region, Cameroon has long been considered as cereal zone production. This locality has become today a region of tomato production per excellence. Farmers in this locality are faced to many constrains among which activities of insect pests. In order to improve the production of this crop, the present study allows us to establish a list of potential insect pests and benefit insects of tomato crops. Insects collected using aspirator and sweep net were identified in the laboratories of applied Zoology at the Universities of Ngaoundéré and Yaoundé I, Cameroon. The results of our study showed that, insects associated to tomatoes in the locality of Meskine were from eight (8) orders, twenty-one (21) families and twenty-two (22) genera. Although the majority of these insects were represented by potential insect pests, some predators and pollinators were recorded. The establishment of the lists of harmful and benefits insects associated to the tomato crop in this locality can therefore be used to design strategies for the management of insect pests.Keywords: Lycopersicon esculentum, insect pests, predator insects, Maroua
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A, Tagne Tadié. "Physicochemical evaluation and microbiological properties of artisanal Yoghurt sold in Maroua-Cameroon." Food Science & Nutrition Technology 6, no. 1 (January 4, 2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/fsnt-16000245.
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Malnutrition remains a real health problem in the Far North Region of Cameroon despite the presence of many food commodities. The objective of this work was to evaluate physicochemical and microbiological properties of ten artisanal yoghurt (kossam) sold in Maroua-Cameroun. Proximate composition, viscosity and titratable acidity were determined by standard Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC) methods. Mineral contents: calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, iron, zinc and manganese were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry and phosphorus by Murphy Riley reagent. The microbiological analyses were carried out following the standard protocols. Analysis of variance revealed a significant difference in the levels of the parameters analysed in the different yoghurt samples (p<0.05). The results of this study revealed for all the samples an acid pH (3.20 - 4.37); titratable acidity (2.01-2.74% ); viscosity (1.32-1.51). Other contents per 100g fresh matter are as fellow: Moisture (87.29- 92.45%); Protein (2.02-3.72g); Carbohydrate (4% for all the samples); ashes (0.28-0.49g); calcium (74-113mg); magnesium (4-20mg); zinc (0,117-0,333mg); potassium (60.4-165mg); sodium (10- 17,25mg); iron (0.034-0.088mg) and phosphorus (51-80mg). The microbiological analyses revealed that fungal flora were only detected in few samples (1.2-4.47 log10cfu/ml); Total aerobic mesophilic flora (4.36 -9 log10cfu/ml); Staphylococcus (1.30-5.31 log10cfu/ml) and total coliforms (1- 3 log10cfu/ml). These yoghurts could therefore contribute nutrients for human nutrition and for the management of some nutritional diseases.
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Dute´, Pascale, Marie-Christine Chalandre, Pierre Cabalion, and Jean Bruneton. "(+)-auroramine and (+)-maroumine, new seco-bis-benzyl-isoquinoline dimers from Gyrocarpus americanus." Phytochemistry 27, no. 2 (January 1988): 655–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(88)83172-8.
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Iyeby-Mandjek, O. "Distribution et commerce de l'eau potable à Maroua (Cameroun)." Cahiers d'outre-mer 47, no. 187 (1994): 305–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/caoum.1994.3524.
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Khatib, Lina. "Violence and masculinity in Maroun Baghdadi's Lebanese war films." Critical Arts 21, no. 1 (July 2007): 68–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02560040701398780.
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Moore, Leslie C. "Body, text, and talk in Maroua Fulbe Qur'anic schooling." Text & Talk - An Interdisciplinary Journal of Language, Discourse Communication Studies 28, no. 5 (January 2008): 643–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/text.2008.033.
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BADAWE TONDJE, Jean Parfait. "LES APPRENANTS DE LA LANGUE CHINOISE AU CAMEROUN : MOTIVATIONS, ENJEUX ET DÉFIS." JOURNAL OF SINO-AFRICAN STUDIES 1, no. 1 (October 31, 2022): 139–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.56377/jsas.v1n1.3951.
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Cet article met en exergue l’intérêt que les apprenants camerounais portent à l’apprentissage de la langue chinoise. L’accroissement du nombre d’élèves et étudiants camerounais dans l’apprentissage de cette langue intervient dans un contexte marqué par le renforcement des liens entre le Cameroun et la Chine. C’est aussi, le résultat de la transformation du centre de formation en langue chinoise en institut Confucius, l’introduction de la langue chinoise dans le système éducatif secondaire, l’ouverture de filière en cycle de licence et master à l’Université de Maroua multiplication des classes Confucius et l’adoption progressive de la langue chinoise comme langue vivante dans les lycées et collèges du Cameroun. Basé sur une recherche qualitative et s’appuyant sur des entretiens récoltés dans les villes de Maroua, Yaoundé et Douala (Cameroun), cet article s’intéresse aux motivations, enjeux et défis de ces apprenants de la langue chinoise au Cameroun. Les résultats de cette étude montrent que les apprenants de la langue chinoise au Cameroun s’intéressent à cette langue pour les raisons principales suivantes : travailler dans des entreprises chinoises comme traducteurs et interprètes, devenir enseignant de cette langue et faire une carrière en Chine.
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Benjamine, Anguessin, and Bouikoum Wadou. "Diversité des Espèces Cultivées et Stratégies d’Adaptation aux Changements Climatiques : Cas du Maraîchage dans l’Arrondissement de Maroua 1er/Cameroun." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 19, no. 27 (September 30, 2023): 336. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2023.v19n27p336.
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La ville de Maroua est soumise à une variabilité climatique qui affecte la production agricole et la sécurité alimentaire des ménages. Pour y faire face, diverses stratégies sont développées notamment les cultures maraîchères au bord des cours d’eau comme moyen de résilience. La présente étude vise à identifier les différentes espèces cultivées ainsi que les contraintes liées à cette activité pour une meilleure résilience aux changements climatiques. Pour y parvenir, une enquête exploratoire de six mois a été effectuée grâce à la méthode d’interview individuel sur la base d’un questionnaire auprès de 240 maraîchers et l’observation directe. Les résultats ont montré que pour bien mener le maraîchage, les producteurs font varier les cultures en fonction de leur moyen, la superficie et les types de culture pratiquée. Plusieurs espèces ont été sélectionnées pour s’adapter aux changements climatiques notamment des légumes 24 %, oignons 31%, tomates 7%, laitue 6%, chou 5%, carotte 5%, condiments verts 5%, pastèque 1%, patate 1% et d’autres cultures (14%) constituées de moringa, aubergine et concombre. La principale source d’irrigation pour les cultures maraîchères est l’eau de surface utilisée par plus de 90% des producteurs. Le maraîchage reste une activité très rentable dans la ville de Maroua quel que soit le type d’espèce cultivée. Les difficultés liées à cette activité sont surtout d’ordres climatiques : situation aléatoire des pluies, manque d’eau, vent violent et augmentation de la température ; et d’ordre non climatiques : difficultés d’accès aux intrants, insuffisance d’équipements, ravageurs, commercialisation et manque de formation et d’organisation.
The city of Maroua is subject to climatic variability that affects agricultural production and household food security. Various strategies have been developed to cope with this, including market gardening along waterways as a means of resilience. The aim of this study is to identify the different species grown and the constraints associated with this activity in order to improve resilience to climate change. To achieve this, a six-month exploratory survey was carried out using a questionnaire-based individual interview method with 240 market gardeners and direct observation. The results showed that, in order to carry out market gardening successfully, growers vary their crops according to their means, area and the types of crop grown. Several species were selected to adapt to climate change, including vegetables (24%), onions (31%), carrots (5%), tomatoes (7%), lettuce (6%), cabbage (5%), carrots (5%), green condiments (5%), watermelon (1%) and potatoes (1%), and other crops (14%) consisting of moringa, aubergine and cucumber. The main source of irrigation for market garden crops is surface water, used by over 90% of growers. Market gardening remains a very profitable activity in Maroua, whatever the type of crop. The difficulties associated with this activity are mainly climatic: unpredictable rainfall, lack of water, strong winds and rising temperatures; and non-climatic: difficulties accessing inputs, inadequate equipment, pests, marketing and lack of training and organization.
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SADOU Ismaël, MONDJELI Constantin, WOIN Noé, MADI ALI, Fernand-Nestor TCHUENGUEM F, WOUSSOU Felix Alain, and BIYACK WOULBO Cyrille. "Inventory of insect pests of rice in agro-ecosystems of far north region of Cameroon." International Journal of Scientific Research Updates 7, no. 1 (February 28, 2024): 049–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.53430/ijsru.2024.7.1.0026.
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The entomofauna vector of rice yellow mottle virus was studied from June to September 2023 in the rainfed rice ecosystem of Maroua and in the main irrigated rice ecosystems of Yagoua and Maga in the Far North Region, Cameroon . Insect vector sampling was conducted in rainfed and irrigated rice fields every two weeks using a sweep net and a D-Vac (vacuum trap). From the samples obtained in the different rice-growing sites, the dominant structure of insect vectors of rice yellow mottle as well as their natural enemies was analyzed according to the phenology of rice. It appears from the inventory of insects in irrigated rice (Maga, Yagoua) and rainfed rice (Maroua) that this crop harbors many vectors of the rice yellow mottle virus. In the different rice-growing sites, we have numbers of vector insect individuals captured of 267, 286 and 385 respectively in Maroua (rainfed rice), Maga and Yagoua (irrigated rice). The vector insects captured are distributed as follows, eight species of vector insects in irrigated rice in Maga belonging to five families divided into three orders: Chnootriba similis (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), Chaetocnema pulla (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), Locris rubra ( Hemiptera: Cicadellidae), Nephotettix nigropictus (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae), Sogatella furcifera (Hemiptera: Delphacidae), Cofana spectra (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae), Niparvata lugens (Hemiptera: Delphacidae) and Diopsis thoracica (Diptera: Diopsidae). In irrigated rice in Yagoua, eleven species of vector insects belonging to seven families divided into three orders were collected: Chnootriba similis (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), Chaetocnema pulla (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), Locris rubra (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae), Nephotettix nigropictus (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae), Sogatella furcifera (Hemiptera: Delphacidae), Cofana spectra (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae), Recilia dorsalis (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae), Niparvata lugens (Hemiptera: Delphacidae), Leptocorisa oratorius (Hemiptera: Alydidae), Diploxys spp. (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) and Diopsis thoracica (Diptera: Diopsidae). As for rainfed rice in Maroua, thirteen vector insect species belonging to seven families and three orders were collected: Chnootriba similis (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), Chaetocnema pulla (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), Trichispa sericea (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), Locris rubra (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae), Nephotettix nigropictus (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae), Sogatella furcifera (Hemiptera: Delphacidae), Cofana spectra (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae), Recilia dorsalis (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae), Niparvata lugens (Hemiptera: Delphacidae) and Diopsis thoracica (Diptera: Diopsidae). These species proved to be particularly important by the size of their populations at the tillering stage of rice. The irrigated rice ecosystems of Yagoua and Maga are the most infested by insect vectors of rice yellow mottle virus and among these insect vectors Nephotettix nigropictus (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) is the abundant species with 87 and 90 individuals collected respectively from Maga and Yagoua. Nephotettix nigropictus (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) was collected in abundance at the tillering stage of rice. As for the predators and parasitoids present in the rice fields, there were spiders Araneus sp. (Araneae: Araneidae), Tetragnatha sp. (Araneae: Tetragnatidae), Pardosa injucunda (Araneae: Lyconidae) and lady beetles Xanthadalia effusa (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) as predators and Hydrellia griseola (Diptera: Ephydridae), Bracon sp. (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), Xiphosomella sp. (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), Platygaster sp. (Hymenoptera: Platygasteridae) as parasitoids. The parasitoid species Hydrellia griseola (Diptera: Ephydridae) and the predatory species Araneus sp. (Araneae: Araneidae) are the most abundant natural enemies in the rice ecosystems of the Far North.
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Maïrama, Rosalie. "Étude stylistique du sociolecte des normaliens de l’université de Maroua." Multilinguales, no. 4 (December 1, 2014): 113–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/multilinguales.1237.
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ARABI, MOUHAMAN. "Risques en milieu urbain sahélien : cas de Maroua au Cameroun." Analele Universitatii Bucuresti: Geografie/Annals of the University of Bucharest – Geography Series 1, no. 1 (December 23, 2022): 61–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.5719/aub-g/71.1/4.
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Dawaï, Daouda, Mélina Macouin, Sonia Rousse, Jean-François Léon, Merlin Gountié Dedzo, and Loïc Drigo. "Tracking Airborne Pollution with Environmental Magnetism in A Medium-Sized African City." Atmosphere 12, no. 10 (October 1, 2021): 1281. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos12101281.
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As in other parts of the world, air pollution over West and Central Africa has major health and meteorological impacts. Air quality assessment and its possible sanitary impact have become essential even in medium-sized towns, therefore amplifying the need for easy-to-implement monitoring methods with low environmental impact. We present here the potential of magnetic methods to monitor air quality at street level in the medium-sized city of Maroua (northern Cameroon) affected by dust-laden desert winds. More than five hundred (544) samples of bark and leaves taken from Neem trees in Maroua were analyzed. Magnetic susceptibility, saturation remanence, and S-ratio were found to determine the concentration and nature of magnetic particles. They are dominated by magnetite-like particle signals as a part of particulate emissions due to urban activities, including both traffic, composed of a substantial proportion of motorcycles, and wood burning for food preparation. We show that both bark and leaves from Neem trees are adequate passive bio-recorders. The use of both enables different times and heights to be sampled, allowing for the high-resolution monitoring, in terms of spatialization, of various urban environments. Particle emissions require assessment and screening that could be carried out rapidly and efficiently by magnetic methods on bio-recorders, even in cities impacted by dust-laden wind.
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Tebeu, Pierre Marie, Charles-Henry Rochat, Jean Marie Kasia, and Thérèse Delvaux. "Perception and attitude of obstetric fistula patients about their condition: a report from the Regional Hospital Maroua, Cameroon." Urogynaecologia 24, no. 2-3 (February 3, 2011): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/uij.2010.e2.
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Background. Obstetric fistula results in a continuous leakage of urine or feces through the vagina. The social consequences of obstetric fistula are severe, with affected women often ostracized from the community, divorced, abandoned and remaining childless. Objective. The general objective of this study was to analyze the perception and attitude of obstetric fistula patients treated at the Regional Hospital of Maroua, Cameroon. Design and Methods. This is a case series study of 42 obstetric fistula patients at the Regional Hospital of Maroua, Cameroon. After confirmation of the diagnosis of obstetric fistula, the patients were invited to participate to a survey prior to the surgical procedure, from May 2005 to August 2007. Results. Thirty-two percent of patients (13/41) said that they used to isolate themselves. Fifteen percent of patients (6/41) cited suicide as a solution for their fistula problem. Among the 29 patients who had never been operated before, 12 (41%) declared that this was due to a lack of financing means; eight (28%) cited the lack of fistula treatment services; seven (24%) said that this fistula was recent and 2 (7%) declared that they did not consult before. Conclusion. Obstetric fistula patients have a very negative perception about their condition. It is strongly recommended to improve the accessibility to maternal health program in order to prevent and manage the obstetric fistula in Far North Cameroon.
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Todou, G., M. Hassan, Akamba Ze, D. Kombo, S. Machewere, and T. Vroumsia. "Diversity of used plant species for producing charcoal and its trade-off in Far-North Region, Cameroon." International Journal of Environment 6, no. 2 (May 23, 2017): 19–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ije.v6i2.17359.
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The Northern Regions of Cameroon belong to sudano-zambesian region. In these regions, woody species are scarce compared to Guinean-Congolese Region and they undergo the human pressure like abusive exploitation of plants. In order to contribute to valorization of phytogenetic resources and contribute to struggle desert progression in sahelian region, a study on plants diversity which are used to produce charcoal and its trade-off was carried out in Far-North Region of Cameroon. Census of plants species was made on the basis of semi-structured surveys through the producers of charcoal and identification of tree trunks on the sites of charcoal production. Data of trade of charcoal was collected by direct observation and a semi-structured survey questionnaire in Maroua. In total, 25 species grouped in 17 genera and 8 families have been recorded. Acacia and Combretum were the richest genera with four species each. They were quoted as multipurpose species which can be used elsewhere as fruits, timbers, medicinal plants or essential oils and exudates. In Maroua almost, 98 % of households use charcoal for heating. In the absence of the charcoal, up to 60 % of those use firewood, 18.46 % use domestic gas and 18.46% use kerosene. Because of poverty and unemployment, people of primary education are mostly charcoal sellers. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTVolume-6, Issue-2, Mar-May 2017, Page: 19-29
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Awah-Ndukum, J., J. Temwa, V. Ngu Ngwa, M. M. Mouiche, D. Iyawa, and P. A. Zoli. "Interpretation Criteria for Comparative Intradermal Tuberculin Test for Diagnosis of Bovine Tuberculosis in Cattle in Maroua Area of Cameroon." Veterinary Medicine International 2016 (2016): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/4834851.
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Intradermal tuberculin test (TST) is the choice method for diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis (Tb) in live animals. This work was done to assess the performance of single intradermal comparative cervical tuberculin (SICCT) test in randomly selected cattle in Maroua, Cameroon, against detection of Tb lesions and detection of Tb lesions plus acid fast bacilli in lesions. While 22.28% of slaughtered cattle presented Tb lesions at meat inspection, detection rates of anti-bovine-Tb antibody, Tb lesions, and Tb lesions plus acid fast bacilli were 68.57%, 32.95%, and 22.35%, respectively. SICCT-bovine-Tb positive cattle were 35.29%, 29.41%, 25.88%, 24.7%, and 21.18% at ≥2 mm, ≥2.5 mm, ≥3 mm, ≥3.5 mm, and ≥4 mm cut-offs, respectively. Higher sensitivity and predictive values were obtained at severe interpretations. The best performance was at ≥3 mm and ≥3.5 mm cut-offs. Against detection of Tb lesions, ≥3 mm and ≥3.5 mm showed sensitivity of 67.8% and specificity of 94.7% and 96.5%, respectively. For detection of Tb lesions accompanied with acid fast bacilli in lesions, ≥3 mm and ≥3.5 mm showed sensitivity of 89.4% and specificity of 92.4% and 93.9%, respectively. These findings revealed that interpretations of SICCT-bovine-Tb should be at ≥3 mm and/or ≥3.5 mm cut-offs. Severe interpretation of TST is essential for optimal diagnosis of bovine Tb in cattle in Maroua, Cameroon.
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MAYOUDOM, Denise. "Recettes gastronomiques en milieu universitaire." Linguistique du développement, Volume 1, Numéro 6 (December 22, 2022): 339–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.17184/eac.2579.
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Le plat consommé par l’allogène à Maroua présente parfois des ingrédients qui ne relèvent pas de sa culture. Mais le fait de consommer ces repas constitue déjà une mise en relation des éléments culturels, tant il est vrai que l’art culinaire participe de la définition d’une culture donnée. En fonction des perspectives imagologiques de Daniel-Henri Pageaux, la présente communication cherche à montrer que l’adoption des plats d’origine nordiste participe de la rencontre des cultures entre population allogène et autochtone.
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Niwah, Claudette Baye, Gilbert Todou, Konsala Souare, Abassi Abdoulaye, Sakitai Bay, and Efuet Atem. "Diversité et usages des plantes ligneuses des agrosystèmes périphériques de la ville de Maroua (Extrême-Nord, Cameroun)." International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences 14, no. 3 (June 19, 2020): 966–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijbcs.v14i3.25.
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Une étude a été menée en périphérie de Maroua (Extrême-Nord, Cameroun) dans le but de contribuer à une gestion durable des ressources végétale sahélienne. Cette étude a identifié et a calculé la diversité des plantes ligneuses des champs de case suivant un dispositif de 20 quadrats (50 m x 50 m) dans cinq localités. Elle a aussi déterminé les catégories d’usage et les organes récoltés de chaque plante utilisée. La Méthode Accélérée de Recherche Participative (MARP) a été reprise pour collecter les données ethnobotaniques auprès de 100 ménages. Les analyses des résultats obtenus ont montré que les champs de case comportent au total, 38 espèces (26 plantes locales) réparties dans 27 genres et 26 familles. Les familles les plus abondantes ont été Méliacées (32,26%) et Mimosacées (29,26%). Acacia nilotica, Acacia albida, Balanites aegyptiaca, Moringa oleifara, Sclerocarya birrea, Tamarindus indica et Ziziphus mauritiana sont les espèces locales les plus utilisées (au moins quatre catégories d’usages). Les résultats ont montré que les champs de case peuvent être des bons systèmes de valorisation et de conservation des plantes locales.Mots clés : Champs de case, plantes ligneuses, enquête ethnobotanique et socio-économique, valorisation, usage durable.
English Title: Diversity and uses of woody plants from peripheral agro-systems in the city of Maroua (Far North, Cameroon)A study was conducted around Maroua (Far North, Cameroon) with the aim of contributing to sustainable management of Sahelian plant resources. This study identified and calculated the diversity of woody plants in village fields using a system of 20 quadrats (50 mx 50 m) in five localities. It also determined the categories of use and the organs harvested from each plant used. The Accelerated Participatory Research Method (MARP) was used to collect ethnobotanical data from 100 households. Analyzes of the results obtained have shown that the village fields contain in total 38 species (26 native plants) in 27 genera and 26 families. The most abundant families were Meliaceae (32.26%) and Mimosaceae (29.26%). Acacia nilotica, Acacia albida, Balanites aegyptiaca, Moringa oleifara, Sclerocarya birrea, Tamarindus indica and Ziziphus mauritiana found to be the most commonly used local species (at least four categories of uses). The results showed that village field can be good systems for the recovery and conservation of native plants.Keywords: Village field, woody plants, ethnobotanical and socio-economic survey, valorization, sustainable use.
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Hamadou, Bakari, Djomdi, Ruben Zieba Falama, Cedric Delattre, Guillaume Pierre, Pascal Dubessay, and Philippe Michaud. "Influence of Physicochemical Characteristics of Neem Seeds (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) on Biodiesel Production." Biomolecules 10, no. 4 (April 17, 2020): 616. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom10040616.
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The aim of this work is to study the influence of the physicochemical characteristics of neem seeds, according to their mass and oil content, on the production of biodiesel. After the physical characterization of the seeds and extraction of the oil (triglycerides), biodiesel was produced from crude neem seed oil by transesterification with ethanol in the presence of sodium hydroxide. This study shows that the physicochemical characteristics of these seeds vary according to the origin of the samples. The seeds from Zidim, with a mass average of 200 seeds evaluated at 141.36 g and an almond content of 40.70%, have better characteristics compared to those collected in the city of Maroua, with average values evaluated at 128.00 g and 36.05%, respectively. Almonds have an average lipid content of 53.98 and 56.75% for the Maroua and Zidim samples, respectively. This study also reveals that neem oil, by its physicochemical characteristics, has a satisfactory quality for a valorization in the production of biodiesel. However, its relatively high free fatty acid content is a major drawback, which leads to a low yield of biodiesel, evaluated on average at 89.02%, and requires a desacidification operation to improve this yield. The analysis of biodiesel indicates physicochemical characteristics close and comparable to those of petrodiesel, particularly in terms of calorific value, density, kinematic viscosity, acid value, evaluated at 41.00 MJ/kg, 0.803, 4.42 cSt, and 0.130 mg/g, respectively.
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Alexander, Simone A. James. "Witches, Goddesses, and Angry Spirits: The Politics of Spiritual Liberation in African Diaspora Women’s Fiction, written by Maha Marouan." New West Indian Guide 89, no. 3-4 (2015): 402–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134360-08903041.
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Tsamo, Cornelius, Arbam Tsafam, and Poliance Dougoua Djiantio. "Assessment of Medical Waste Management in Health Centers of Maroua-Cameroon." IOSR Journal of Environmental Science, Toxicology and Food Technology 11, no. 04 (May 2017): 96–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.9790/2402-11040296107.
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Goodson, James L., Steve Sosler, Omer Pasi, Ticha Johnson, Marie Kobella, Martin E. Monono, and Amra Uzicanin. "Impact of a Measles Outbreak Response Immunization Campaign: Maroua, Cameroon, 2009." Journal of Infectious Diseases 204, suppl_1 (July 2011): S252—S259. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jir151.
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Goyal, Vinay. "Don't Wait for a Crisis: Rotate Your Auditors." Management Practice Insights 1, no. 1 (May 12, 2023): 12–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.59571/mpi.v1i1.3.
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Problem of Practice: Have you ever wondered what skeletons are hiding in your organization's closet? Is there a flaw in your incentive structure that encourages employees to hide risks instead of raising them? Have you been with the same auditor, or simply swapping two auditors with similar approaches, for many years now? If your answer is 'yes' to any of these questions, perhaps you should consider opting for a new auditor. Recent research by de Ricquebourg and Maroun suggests that rotating your auditor might bring in some surprises but you will avoid any scandals.
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Paltahe, Abba, Tsamo Cornelius, Balkissou Sambo, Djaoyang Christian, Téri Téri, Danga Rallet, and Abdoul Wahabou. "Physico-Chemical Characterization of Local Tannery Waste Water Before and After Flocculation Treatment." International Journal of Chemistry 11, no. 2 (July 22, 2019): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijc.v11n2p77.
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This paper presents the variation in physico-chemical properties of a local Maroua tannery effluent before and after a flocculation treatment. Tanning is a process that consists of the transformation of the animal skin into leather by using different baths which contain many chemical reagents and produces high quantity of liquid and solid waste. The used water of traditional tannery of Maroua is directly thrown in nature without any pre-treatment posing a potential risk to the environment and human health. Physico-chemical parameters such as temperature, pH and conductivity, Total suspended solids, Total hardness, chlorides, sulfides, nitrates,COD, BOD5 , ammonium ion, dissolve oxygen, turbidity, colour and odour were determined before and after aluminum sulfate powder flocculation treatment for effluents collected from soaking, liming, deliming and vegetable tanning stages of the tannery process. The results obtained showed that most of the physico-chemical parameters are higher than the international standard. The results obtained made it possible to classify these four effluents in order of toxicity as follows: Liming water > vegetable tanning water > deliming water > soaking water. The treatment of these waste waters by flocculation reduces the concentrations of certain pollutant loads such as TSS, turbidity, hardness, COD, BOD5, sulfate; but remains less effective on others such as nitrate, chloride and ammonium ion (8%). There is also a decrease in pH, an increase in dissolved oxygen and conductivity. The flocculation treatment thus considerably reduced the toxicity of these effluents, especially its organic load.
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BASSIROU ARABO, Mohamadou. "Formation initiale et langue nationale à l’école normale d’instituteurs d’enseignement général bilingue (ENIEGB) de Maroua." Linguistique du développement, Volume 1, Numéro 6 (December 22, 2022): 385–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.17184/eac.2582.
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La formation initiale à l’école normale d’instituteurs d’enseignement général bilingue de Maroua, comme dans les établissements ayant ce statut comporte trois niveaux : BACC, PROBATOIRE, BEPC. Les enseignants forment les futurs maîtres des écoles primaires et maternelles. L’appui théorique qui va faire l’objet de notre développement: d’abord le niveau d’expression des élèves maîtres en fulfulde, leur compétence de lire, de comprendre et d’écrire le fulfulde.Pour ce qui est de la formulation des objectifs pédagogiques clairs, nous visiterons les idées sur la conduite de la leçon de fulfulde. L’objectif principal de notre étude est d’analyser les différents effets de l’apprentissage d’une langue nationale à l’ENIEGB.Il s’agit de montrer que ces élèves maîtres dans leur formation sont en contact de langue nationale, en l’occurrence le fulfulde. Montrer que des méthodes et techniques d’enseignementadéquates permettent d’encadrer les élèves dans les écoles expérimentales de l’enseignement en fulfulde. D’expliquer qu’il y a des compétences exigées pour enseigner en fulfulde dans les différentes écoles expérimentales.Ainsi les connaissances, les savoirsappropriés doivent être cohérents par rapport aux objectifs fixés pour l’enseignement en langue nationale. Notre méthodologie consiste en la collecte des données à travers un questionnaire soumis à quelques élèves maîtres pour obtenir des éléments de réponse aux préoccupations qui sont les nôtres. Les élèves maîtres des différents niveaux constituent notre échantillon, leurs réponses nous permettront d’obtenir les informations pour développer nos idées. Pour les résultats attendus, la formation initiale des élèves maîtres à l’ENIEGB de Maroua produit des maîtres compétents, cependant elle nécessite des connaissancesadéquates poursatisfaire les exigences de l’enseignement en fulfulde dans les écoles expérimentales.
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Fombang, Nancy Ambo, and Ibrahim Bienvenu Mouliom Moungbakou. "THE UTILIZATION OF MOSQUITO NETS IN THE MAROUA II MUNICIPALITY IN THE DIAMARE DIVISION OF THE FAR NORTH REGION OF CAMEROON." International Journal of Health Sciences 5, no. 2 (July 24, 2022): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.47941/ijhs.939.
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Purpose
One of the highly recommended strategies to “Roll Back Malaria” was the utilization of treated mosquito nets as personal protective devices to kill or repel mosquitoes. Since the adoption of Insecticide Treated Nets (ITNs) as a key preventive tool in 2002, several campaigns of free distribution of ordinary nets and of late, long lasting insecticidal treated nets (LLINs) were conducted all over the country. The aim of this study is to show that there is a lot of misuse of mosquito nets in the Maroua II municipality.
Methodology
This research is based on both direct and indirect sources of information as 25 key informants were randomly selected and interviewed. Primary data is collected through interviews with key informants. Direct observation was also used during which, many photographs illustrating the various uses of mosquito nets were shot. Secondary data was collected from documentations with relevant information pertaining to this study. The data collection tools used were a question guide, a recorder, dicta phone, a note book, a pen and above all a field aider who assisted most of the time on the field in translating from Fulfude language to French language. Data collected from this study was analyzed by explaining and describing phenomenon with the aid of photos and tables.
Findings
In Maroua II municipality, mosquito nets have both the universal and necessary functions as it is very hard to regulate or prevent the inappropriate uses in a country where so many people are poor. While some see the treated nets as a lifesaving gift, others see them as a discomfort that provides only partial protection against a trivial illness, this is why many uses of nets have been created which means that these mosquito nets are versatile. 28% use mosquito nets for malaria prevention, 32% for economic activities, 20% for esthetics, 8% for sports and 12% had no use for the nets. 96% of the treated mosquito nets owned in Maroua II were acquired free of charge. The nets are being used for so many other purposes other than the prevention of malaria. 72% of the respondents did not use the nets for the right purpose. Items acquired free of charge are not valued that is why these nets were used for other things rather than preventing malaria.
Recommendations
There is need for intense sensitization on the utilization of mosquito needs in the community. Mosquito nets should not be given free of charge as so many people do not value gifts. All those who use mosquito nets for other activities rather than to prevent malaria should be severely punished.
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Richard, Babong. "Language Learning and AI in Higher Education Institutions in Cameroon: The Case of the University of Maroua." International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science VIII, no. III (2024): 818–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.47772/ijriss.2024.803059.
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This research delves into the evolving landscape of language learning in higher education institutions in Cameroon, specifically addressing the role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) at the University of Maroua. The research explores the implementation of AI-powered tools and methodologies in language education, examining their effectiveness in enhancing linguistic proficiency. Additionally, it investigates the attitudes and perceptions of both educators and students towards the integration of AI in language learning. The study also considers potential challenges and opportunities associated with this technological shift, contributing valuable insights to the broader discourse on the intersection of AI and education in the Cameroonian context.