Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Marriage as a greedy institution'

The purpose of this research was to provide a better understanding of handbooks and to establish criteria guidelines for handbook selection and use. Content analysis utilizing the library as fieldwork identified 15 handbooks for MsWs meeting selection criteria for this study. Coding and diagramming of over 2000 pages resulted in identification of 15 themes which grouped into 3 types of relationships: personal (to self and God), familial (to husband and children), and congregational (to the church). Six of these themes were recognized as distinctive to the life of the MsW. Three time frames (1940 to 1960, 1960 to 1980, and 1980 to 1998) were established, and handbooks were found to be consistent with the social context of their respective era. An unfolding picture of the life of the MsW as portrayed by key informants revealed a shift in emphasis, with earlier handbooks portraying a lifeworld revolving around role fulfillment, and later handbooks emphasizing development as a person. A lack of learning opportunities for MsWs was noted throughout the eras. A 30+ page appendix of metaphors indicates that MsWs use their gift of reasoning through word pictures. The authors taught lived world truth as they perceived it. This study indicated clues as to appropriateness of content in handbooks and safeguards to be taken in reading them for self-directed learning or other training purposes. The implication is that handbooks are adult education by default. Two original products resulting from this research were a schemata of the process of using handbooks as a format for learning and selection criteria guidelines for choosing a handbook. The process may be utilized in self-directed learning (individual or guided) and within other educational settings, and the guidelines may be adapted to handbooks for other populations. This research should encourage related studies to broaden the knowledge base of understanding handbooks and recognizing their place in training, utilizing field research using literature sources, and assisting MsWs with learning how to effectively manage their myriad roles and relationships.<br>Ed. D.

This thesis is a reassessment of the concept of the ‘fort community’ and analysis of the people who dwelled within it, utilising archaeological evidence from the northern frontier of Roman Britain. Traditional approaches which have focused on military functions or on military-civilian dichotomies cannot provide a full account of discrepant identities (Mattingly 2011). A holistic approach which acknowledges and incorporates non-military activities can provide an important alternative perspective into how the inhabitants of Roman fort communities related to one another. The thesis utilises Lewis Coser’s concept of the ‘greedy institution’ (1974) to resituate the imbalance of power affecting identity within the Roman military. The discussion is framed within nested layers of identity and community. In the first chapter, a historical overview of Roman military scholarship is presented that contextualises the current archaeological climate and illustrates key issues of bias. Three core forms of identity are analysed in the second chapter in the context of the Roman auxilia; socio-cultural, gender, and ethnicity. This discussion positions the auxiliaries as a group both empowered and subjugated, consisting of ‘martial races’ exploited within a military role. In the third chapter, the textual evidence for identity on the northern frontier is analysed, using epigraphy and the Vindolanda tablets. Within these the discrepant identities of members of the fort communities are identified. In the fourth chapter, I analyse the architectural underpinnings of military identity through an examination of the development and ideology of the ‘standard plan’ fort. In the fifth chapter, I analyse the material evidence for the habitus of fort community life, focusing on three activity contexts; military display, craft and industry, and bodily consumption. The thesis concludes by assessing the strengths of the ‘greedy institution’ approach and outlining its significance with regards to future research.

En el texto se investiga la evolución que ha sufrido el derecho familiar en todos los aspectos que guardan relación con las desigualdades existentes entre mujeres y hombres.Para ello, el estudio abarca un análisis detallado de aquellos factores, sociales y legales, que han obstaculizado durante siglos la igualdad sustancial entre los sexos, así como los avances que han favorecido el principio de igualdad en las relaciones familiares, mediante el establecimiento de diferentes políticas públicas y de la legislación actual.<br>The research describes the evoution of the family law under the gender equality perspective. In order to get that objective, the text makes a specific description and analysis of social and legal factors which have hampered the gender equality along the centuries. In addition, it is explained too the positive factors to get the gender equality into the family relations, by means of public policies and the current legislation.

L’objectif central de cette thèse est de montrer que les contrats de mariage religieux de cinq communautés libanaises s’identifient aux contrats de distribution sélective et que les comportements des ménages (en termes de prise de décision, d’offre de travail et de fertilité) sont largement expliqués par cette proximité législative. L’analogie entre ces deux types de contrats apparaît clairement au niveau des points suivants : d’abord, au niveau de l’objet du contrat, contrat d’échange et de réciprocité. Ensuite, au niveau des rapports entre les parties, la femme est assimilée au concessionnaire et l’époux au concédant, il est question de collaboration et d’interdépendance. En outre, au niveau de l’asymétrie dans les obligations des parties, tout comme le contrat de distribution sélective est dit contrat léonin au profit du concédant le contrat de mariage renferme des clauses patriarcales. Enfin, la rupture du contrat pose le problème de la précarité de la situation du concessionnaire. C’est la dimension « asymétrie dans les droits et les obligations » entre les parties qui détermine la proximité de chaque type de contrat de mariage de la distribution sélective. Et c’est par rapport à ce prisme que les choix des ménages seront analysés. Dans cette perspective, l’approche entrepreneuriale de la famille est retenue parmi les modèles d’analyse économique de la famille. Cette approche a l’avantage de considérer que la relation matrimoniale tout comme la relation commerciale est régie par un contrat. Une enquête est menée pour vérifier l’impact de la législation matrimoniale sur les choix des ménages. Les Beyrouthins semblent être les plus sensibles aux clauses contractuelles<br>This thesis attempts to look at religious marriage contracts of five Lebanese communities as selective distribution contracts and to explain the economic behavior of households (in terms of decision making, labor supply and fertility) by the proximity between the two legislations. The analogy between these two types of contracts is clear in the following points: First, the analogy is conceived in terms of the purpose of the contract, contract of exchange and reciprocity. Then, at the relationship between the parties, the woman is the dealer and the spouse is the manufacturer, it is about collaboration and interdependence. On the asymmetry in obligations of the parties, as the selective distribution contract is said one-sided contract in favor of the grantor, the marriage contract contains also patriarchal clauses. And finally, the precarious situation of the dealer for breach of contract. This is the “asymmetry in the rights and obligations "between the parties that determines the proximity of each type of religious marriage contract to the selective distribution contract. And it is from this prism that the economic choice of households will be analyzed. In this perspective, the entrepreneurial approach of the family is selected as a model for economic analysis of the family. This approach has the advantage of considering the marital relationship as a relation governed by a contract, as is the case of a trade contract. A survey has been conducted to justify the impact of legislation on the economic choice of Lebanese households. The inhabitants of Beirut seem to be most sensitive to the contractual terms

Objet d’affrontements régulièrement actualisées au 20e siècle, la production de discours pédagogiques sur la sexualité au sein de l’institution scolaire ne fait pas consensus. L’École ne parvient pas à constituer un monopole pédagogique relatif à l’éducation sexuelle. Si des connaissances biologiques concernant la reproduction humaine trouvent droit de cité dans le curriculum dès 1968, l’éducation sexuelle, rendue facultative en 1973, puis obligatoire en 1998, échappe en partie aux agents du système d’enseignement au profit d’associations en concurrence pour l’imposition de la morale familiale légitime. Des mobilisations hygiénistes contre la syphilis à la lutte contre le sida, en passant par la promotion du mariage ou de la contraception pour prévenir l’IVG, il s’agit d’étudier dans cette thèse le processus d’élaboration de ce bien pédagogique. En combinant observations en classe, entretiens biographiques et dépouillement de divers fonds d’archives, l’investigation s’attache ainsi à reconstruire les configurations où s’invente, se formalise et se vulgarise cet enjeu éducatif, objet d’une politique scolaire indissociable de l’expansion d’une École d’État et de la recomposition du mouvement familial<br>Subject of confrontations regularly bring up to date in the 20th century, the production of pedagogical discourses on sexuality within the school institution does not reach consensus. The school does not manage to constitute a pedagogical monopoly on sex education. Although biological knowledge concerning human reproduction has found its place in the curriculum since 1968, sex education, made optional in 1973, then compulsory in 1998, escapes part of the educational system for the benefit of competing associations for the imposition of legitimate family morality. From hygienist mobilizations against syphilis to the fight against AIDS, through the promotion of marriage or contraception to prevent abortion, it is a question of studying in this thesis the process of elaboration of this educational skill. By combining classroom observations, biographical interviews and the analysis of archives, the investigation thus seeks to reconstruct the configurations where invented, formalized and disseminated this educational challenge, the inseparable policy of expanding a school. of State and the recomposition of the family movement

Scholars describe both the military and the family as “greedy institutions,” or institutions that require expansive time and energy commitments, and alter participants’ master status (Segal 1986; Coser 1974). However, the military’s employment benefits may counteract its greedy elements. I use data from the 2008 Survey of Active Duty Members to examine commitment to military employment in wartime, accounting for greedy elements of military service (such as geographic mobility, risk of bodily harm, and separations), job benefits, family structure, and gender. The results show that women in dual-service marriages, unmarried men, and those who experienced separations reported lower career commitment and affective organizational commitment. In contrast, the use of military job benefits was positively associated with commitment. Counterintuitively, parenthood, geographic mobility, and being stationed in Afghanistan were also positively associated with commitment. These findings complicate the military’s label as a greedy institution, and contribute to the literature on work-family conflict and gendered organizations.

碩士<br>國立雲林科技大學<br>科技法律研究所<br>102<br>"The meaning of life, the universe was succeeded in creating life; purpose of life, the promotion of all human life," Road to make the meaning of life. In a biological point of view, the offspring is one of the animal natures; from the perspective of modern technology, is to spread their genes stretching it. The origin of human institution of marriage, whether Eastern or Western human coincidentally are started by the "group marriage." This is wild times in order to extend the life of the adopted model. With the Eastern and Western cultures their development, combined with its historical background and have different national conditions show back then because of the different style of marriage. With the institution of marriage in the history Literature countries, finishing in the world found a variety of the institution of marriage, the institution of marriage among the three most widely used, namely "monogamy", "monogamy and more concubine system", " Polygamy, "and another" minority walking marriage system "," marriage by capture "other systems, the institution of marriage between a variety of large differences exist, and rich culture of mankind. In contrast, China's current Domination "monogamous" marriage is consistent with the spirit of liberty guaranteed by the Constitution? Whether the formation of the personality right there harm? For non-marital cohabitation totally deny basic human rights? Legal existence value is "settling disputes" to solve human problems of everyday life, whether it is civil law claims, property, or criminal law, administrative law penalties associated penalties ... etc., are constructed in order of human civilization, which relatives inheritance provisions listed in the relevance of universal rights and obligations of the institution of marriage, a man and a woman in marriage only recognized architecture, completely ignoring the protection of "non-marital cohabitation of people," the rights of the constitutionality of the people's basic rights treated equally? Are worthy of our place. Our Constitution does not expressly regulate them on the institution of marriage, and the justices try to use to explain the text describes the meaning of marriage: "Maintaining ethical relationships between personality spouse, achieving gender equality and the principle of maintaining social order ..." "freedom of personality based on the value of the institution of marriage , the maintenance of order in human relations, gender equality, child-rearing and other social functions, the State in order to ensure survival of the institution of marriage and a successful, contented development of relevant norms, constraints, both spouses are liable to a duty of loyalty. ... "and so on, the third word in the June release No word and release the fifth five-track line II of the institution of marriage is monogamous identified and the fifth word in the release number Fourth German constitutional theory of direct introduction of cool, said: "the institution of marriage by the constitutional system of protection", so jump German-style references to constitutional theory, apply not only based on the current Taiwan lacks the constitutional framework, the more people feel a soft spot for the justices of China for thousands of years of traditional institution of marriage is intended, and for social reform Mom in huge increase resistance, especially in the case of low birth rate has been the driving force behind the serious to the extent of endangering national security, but also inconsistent with the new men and women of the 21st century marriage, not only to suppress social reform, but also to highlight the fundamental constitutional right to cast a shadow. The world on "gay marriage" issue, the constitutional protection of fundamental rights proclaimed in succession and made a number of significant changes in the global trend in Taiwan but was kidnapped in monogamy institutional Justice, after all, full of monogamous marriage system strong religious overtones, why do you want to impose a non-believer's body? Why not return to a rational discussion of institutional change? Due to world culture, customs, national and historical background are not the same, our unique style of thousands of years of the institution of marriage, despite the noise in the tide of history, but without losing the stability of society, between men and women the way to solve the problem of First, imagine future generations think "matriarchal society" more in line with the actual needs of the community, then polyandry is also an inevitable choice, why only monogamous marriage system can only be subject to the constitutional system of protection? Open mind to accept our unique culture and customs are what is wrong.

The thesis is thematically defined by the phenomenon of prostitution as one of the oldest trade items. The theoretical part defines the key concept of the work, i.e. prostitution, as well as the relationship between society and this social issue. A brief overview of the history of the particular handcrafts follows with all the regulations and legislation through which the leading elities tried to suppress the existence of marketable love. The practical part deals in- depth with the approach to the concept of love in Russian philosophy of the late 19th and 20 th centuries which is reflected in the works of authors of selected literary works. For a more detailed analysis the following authors were chosen: The Darkness and Christians by Leonid Andreyev, The Event and Nadezhda Nikolaevna by Vsevolod Garshin, novelette The Pit by Alexander Kuprin and at last the short story Fit by Anton Chekhov. To understand better the approach of individual authors toward the topic of love, particularly this motif is analysed more deeply in a separate chapter. All above mentioned literary works are presented with their historical and cultural background and their subsequent adoption by the then critics.The actual display of markable love is for ease of illustration and understanding of the analysed texts based on several key...

Cette thèse analyse les causes profondes du sous-développement et des inégalités de genre en Afrique Sub-Saharienne. Le premier chapitre teste empiriquement l’hypothèse de Engels (1884) selon laquelle l’origine des inégalités de genre en Afrique serait la domestication historique des bovins. Pour résoudre les problèmes de biais d’endogenéités dans le choix de la domestication des bovins, j’adopte la stratégie des variables instrumentales en exploitant les facteurs géo-climatiques qui prédisent les terres les plus adaptées pour l’élevage des bovins. Les résultats des analyses montrent que les sociétés qui ont historiquement domestiquées les bovins ont eu plus d’inégalités de genre qui persistent jusqu’aujourd’hui. Le deuxième chapitre est co-écrit avec Raphael Godefroy et Joshua Lewis. Dans ce chapitre, nous analysons les effets de court et long termes de la grande peste bovine survenue en Afrique dans les années 1890. Nous utilisons la méthode des doubles différences combinant les différences entre les terres favorables pour l’élevage des bovins et les conditions climatiques contemporaines. Notre étude montre que les sociétés les plus touchées par la peste bovine sont moins peuplés et ont moins de bovins, de plus les descendants de ces sociétés sont aujourd’hui les plus pauvres. Le dernier chapitre analyse comment le genre des frères et sœurs influence l’âge au mariage des femmes. Les analyses basées sur le sexe du deuxième enfant révèlent que les femmes qui ont une petite sœur se marient plus tôt, ont plus d’enfants et sont moins éduquées. Les effets sont plus accentués dans les groupes ethniques qui utilisent la dot comme norme culturelle du mariage.<br>This dissertation investigates the deep roots of differences in gender roles and development across societies in Sub-Saharan Africa. Chapter 1 examines the deep origins of differences in gender roles in Africa. I test empirically Engels (1884) hypothesis, that the origin of differences in gender roles in Africa was the historical domestication of cattle. To address potential endogeneity in historical cattle adoption, I adopt an instrumental variables approach that leverages geo-climatic factors affecting the suitability of lands for cattle-raising. I find empirical support for Engels (1884) hypothesis. Further, the results show that these differences in gender roles have persisted to present day. In chapter 2, which is co-authored with Raphael Godefroy and Joshua Lewis, we study the short- and long-run consequences of the 1890s African Rinderpest Epizoodic. We adopt a difference-in-differences strategy that combines differences across ethnic homelands in cattle-suitability with contemporaneous local drought conditions to identify ethnic groups that were more or less exposed to the outbreak. We find that the societies exposed to rinderpest experienced relative decreases in cattle-ownership in the decades after the outbreak. We uncover large relative long-run decreases in wealth among descendants of affected ethnic groups. These persistent economic losses appear to be partially driven by distressed migration. In chapter 3, I investigate how sibling gender composition affects women’s transition to first marriage in sub-Saharan Africa. To address potential endogeneity in the final sibling gender composition, I exploit the random assignment of the second child’s gender in household with at least two children. I find that female with a younger sister get married younger, with negative consequences for her education and literacy. The effects are stronger within countries that traditionally pay bride price at marriage.