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1
Page, Michael A., and William D. Mathers. "AcanthamoebaKeratitis: A 12-Year Experience Covering a Wide Spectrum of Presentations, Diagnoses, and Outcomes." Journal of Ophthalmology 2013 (2013): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/670242.
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Purpose. To review characteristics of confocal microscopy, clinical presentation, and clinical outcome in 372 cases ofAcanthamoebakeratitis (AK) from 1999 to 2011.Methods. A retrospective case review was performed on 372 cases of AK diagnosed by confocal microscopy (CFM) at a single institution in Portland, Oregon, from 1999 to 2011. A numbered grading system was devised for describing the relative microscopic severity of the AK infections detected.Results. “grade 1,” 94 as “grade 2,” 40 as “grade 3,” and 62 as “grade 4.” Peak incidences occurred during 2000–2002 and 2005–2007. Seasonal variation was noted, with a peak during summer months. For the 231 cases with complete records, 64% indicated a history of soft contact lens use. Nine progressed to multiple failed penetrating keratoplasties (PKPs) or enucleation.Conclusion. We report an average of 31 new cases of AK per year from 1999 to 2011. This figure equates to 10.3 new cases/1,000,000/year for the Portland metropolitan area. Patients diagnosed with AK exhibited a wide spectrum of clinical and microscopic characteristics. Soft contact lens use remained the single largest risk factor.
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Longuet-Higgins, Michael. "Lagrangian moments and mass transport in Stokes waves." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 179 (June 1987): 547–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112087001654.
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The orbital motions in surface gravity waves are of interest for analysing wave records made by accelerometer buoys. In this paper we derive some exact expressions for the first, second and third cumulants of the vertical orbital displacements in a regular Stokes wave of finite amplitude in terms of previously known integral quantities of the wave: the kinetic and potential energies, the phase speed c and the mass-transport velocity U at the free surface. These results generalize a remarkably simple relation found previously between the Lagrangian-mean surface level and the product Uc.Expansions are given in powers of the wave steepness parameter ak which show that the third Lagrangian cumulant is very small – of order (ak)6, indicating a high degree of vertical symmetry in the orbit. This contrasts with the situation in random waves, where the third cumulant is of order (ak)4 only. It is shown that the increased skewness in random waves is due mainly to an O(ak)2 shift in the Lagrangian mean level of individual waves. Such shifts in mean level may be too gradual to be fully detected by some accelerometer buoys. In that case the apparent skewness will be reduced.
3
Mnjama, Nathan. "Records Management and Freedom of Information: A Marriage Partnership." Information Development 19, no. 3 (September 2003): 183–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0266666903193006.
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Carnt, Nicole, Dana Robaei, Darwin C. Minassian, and John K. G. Dart. "Acanthamoeba keratitis in 194 patients: risk factors for bad outcomes and severe inflammatory complications." British Journal of Ophthalmology 102, no. 10 (January 3, 2018): 1431–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjophthalmol-2017-310806.
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Background/aimsTo determine demographic and clinical features of patients with Acanthamoeba keratitis (AK) that are independent risk factors both for bad outcomes and for severe inflammatory complications (SIC).MethodsA retrospective audit of medical records of AK cases at Moorfields Eye Hospital from July 2000 to April 2012, including 12 earlier surgical cases. Cases with a bad outcome were defined as those having one or more of the following: corneal perforation, keratoplasty, other surgery (except biopsy), duration of antiamoebic therapy (AAT) ≥10.5 months (the 75th percentile of the whole cohort) and final visual acuity ≤20/80. SICs were defined as having scleritis and/or a stromal ring infiltrate. Multivariable analysis was used to identify independent risk factors for both bad outcomes and SICs.ResultsRecords of 194 eyes (194 patients) were included, having bad outcomes in 93 (48%). Bad outcomes were associated with the presence of SIC, aged >34 years, corticosteroids used before giving AAT and symptom duration >37 days before AAT. The development of SIC was independently associated with aged >34 years, corticosteroids used before giving AAT and herpes simplex virus (HSV) keratitis treatment before AAT.ConclusionsThe prompt diagnosis of AK, avoidance of a misdiagnosis of HSV keratitis and corticosteroid use before the exclusion of AK as a potential cause of keratitis are essential to the provision of a good outcome for patients and for the avoidance of SIC. Older age is an unmodifiable risk factor that may reflect differences in the immune response to AK in this patient subset.
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N, Nastangin. "TELAAH FILOSOFIS TERHADAP UNDANG-UNDANG PERKAWINAN NOMOR 1 TAHUN 1974 PASAL 7 AYAT (1) TENTANG BATAS USIA PERNIKAHAN." Ahkam: Jurnal Hukum Islam 8, no. 1 (July 1, 2020): 89–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.21274/ahkam.2020.8.1.89-108.
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Underage marriage is marriage between men and women who both have not reached the age of 19 years for men and 16 years for women according to the regulations in the Marriage Law No. 1 of 1974. Marriage is done legally in formal lawand state law. State that is invalid if it does not meet the requirements. In the perspective of religion, underage marriage is marriage carried out by people who have not been mature. The majority of Islamic Law experts legalize early marriage. This understanding is the result of the interpretation of Q.S.Ath-Thalak: 4 and historical records The Prophet married Aisyah at a young age. Some scholars also legalize underage marriage has become a consensus of Islamic law experts. The purpose of this paper is to find out the nature of the existence of marriage records. This research uses a philosophical approach, by explaining the nature and wisdom of its formal object. The conclusion is that there is age limitation to give benefit to someone who wants to get married because age is very influential on family life
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Tonguç, Alper, and Murat Barlas. "Dolichopodidae (Diptera) of Inner West Anatolia (Turkey) with a new species record." Silva Balcanica 21, no. 2 (October 6, 2020): 19–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/silvabalcanica.21.e56073.
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This study was carried out between 2009 and 2011 in the Inner West Anatolia region (Afyonkarahisar, Kütahya and Uşak). It was determined that the collected species belonged to eight subfamilies, 21 genera and 54 species. Neurigona suturalis is a new record for Turkey and the other 53 species are new records for the Inner West Anatolia.
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Roy, Parimal, and Ian Hamilton. "Interethnic Marriage: Identifying the Second Generation in Australia." International Migration Review 31, no. 1 (March 1997): 128–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019791839703100107.
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Studies in Australia show that an increasing proportion of the population have ancestors from more than one country. Evidence regarding differences in the marriage patterns of first and second generation migrants has been restricted in scope as published marriage registration data includes only birthplace of partners. Marriage registration records include information about the birthplace of parents of partners, but it is available only through specially produced tabulations. Changes in the census for 1986 and 1991 make it possible to identify the second generation in households, and this article examines the use of census data as an alternative to marriage registration records in tracing changes in intermarriage patterns and differences between urban and rural areas.
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Zenina, Maria A., Elena V. Ivanova, Lee R. Bradley, Ivar O. Murdmaa, Eugene I. Schornikov, and Fabienne Marret. "Origin, migration pathways, and paleoenvironmental significance of Holocene ostracod records from the northeastern Black Sea shelf." Quaternary Research 87, no. 1 (January 2017): 49–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/qua.2016.2.
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AbstractMicropaleontological studies of the Black Sea, including ostracod records, have suggested that early Holocene salinity values were between ~5 and 10 practical salinity units (psu), contrasting with present values of 18–22 psu. However, more precise paleoenvironmental reconstructions based on ostracod assemblages require additional information related to their modern ecological affinities. This study uses modern species information collected from samples with living fauna to interpret the fossil Holocene assemblages of two sediment cores, Ak-2575 and Ak-521, collected from the northeastern outer shelf of the Black Sea. A total of 37 ostracod species are recorded in the fossil assemblages, with 2 related to freshwater/oligohaline environments, 23 from Caspian-type environments, and 12 from environments similar to the Mediterranean. Three distinct assemblage zones are identified from the Caspian type dominating in the early Holocene up to 7.4 cal ka BP, a mixed assemblage of Caspian type and Mediterranean type from 7.4 to 6.8 cal ka BP, and a progressive dominance of Mediterranean species from 6.8 cal ka BP. It is very likely that the dominant control of ostracod species occurrence during the period up to ~6.8 cal ka BP is salinity. A range of factors including temperature, biotope, and sedimentation rates influenced the species distribution over the last 6.8 cal ka BP.
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Haskey, John C. "Social and family characteristics of marriage in England and Wales: information derived from marriage registration records." Journal of Biosocial Science 23, no. 2 (April 1991): 179–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932000019209.
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SummaryInformation on social and family aspects of marriage was obtained from a sample of over a thousand marriages solemnised in England and Wales in 1979. The data include the standard demographic variables concerning the couple and their marriage and also: the day of the week the marriage was celebrated; whether the fathers or relatives of similar surname to the spouses acted as witnesses; the patterns of name usage by brides; the numbers of forenames of the marriage partners and their fathers; and the frequency of bridegrooms having one or more forenames in common with their fathers. The factors are analysed in terms of social class differences as well as in relation to the distance over which marriages range and other demographic characteristics of the partners and their marriage.
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Willis, D. M., and F. R. Stephenson. "Sporadic aurorae observed in East Asia." Annales Geophysicae 25, no. 2 (March 8, 2007): 417–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-25-417-2007.
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Abstract. All the accessible auroral observations recorded in Chinese and Japanese histories during the interval AD 1840–1911 are investigated in detail. Most of these auroral records have never been translated into a Western language before. The East Asian auroral reports provide information on the date and approximate location of each auroral observation, together with limited scientific information on the characteristics of the auroral luminosity such as colour, duration, extent, position in the sky and approximate time of occurrence. The full translations of the original Chinese and Japanese auroral records are presented in an appendix, which contains bibliographic details of the various historical sources. (There are no known reliable Korean observations during this interval.) A second appendix discusses a few implausible "auroral" records, which have been rejected. The salient scientific properties of all exactly dated and reliable East Asian auroral observations in the interval AD 1840–1911 are summarised succinctly. By comparing the relevant scientific information on exactly dated auroral observations with the lists of great geomagnetic storms compiled by the Royal Greenwich Observatory, and also the tabulated values of the Ak (Helsinki) and aa (Greenwich and Melbourne) magnetic indices, it is found that 5 of the great geomagnetic storms (aa>150 or Ak>50) during either the second half of the nineteenth century or the first decade of the twentieth century are clearly identified by extensive auroral displays observed in China or Japan. Indeed, two of these great storms produced auroral displays observed in both countries on the same night. Conversely, at least 29 (69%) of the 42 Chinese and Japanese auroral observations occurred at times of weak-to-moderate geomagnetic activity (aa or Ak≤50). It is shown that these latter auroral displays are very similar to the more numerous (about 50) examples of sporadic aurorae observed in the United States during the interval AD 1880–1940. The localised nature and spatial structure of some sporadic aurorae observed in East Asia is indicated by the use of descriptive terms such as "lightning", "rainbow", "streak" and "grid".
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Tucker, Judith E. "Marriage and Family in Nablus, 1720–1856: Toward a History of Arab Marriage." Journal of Family History 13, no. 2 (April 1988): 165–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/036319908801300201.
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Despite assumptions to the contrary, marriage practices among Arab Muslims in eighteenth- and nineteenth-century Nablus in Palestine varied in relation to the social background of the bride and groom. The significance of the indirect dower (mahr), the prevalence of child and cousin marriage, and the frequency of divorce and remarriage differed according to the role marriage played in the political and economic life of various urban classes. The records of the Islamic court, which include marriage contracts and the partition of estates, reveal this diversity and demonstrate the ways in which a woman's experience of marriage depended on her social background.
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Haskey, John C. "Divorce in the early years of marriage in England and Wales: results from a prospective study using linked records." Journal of Biosocial Science 19, no. 3 (July 1987): 255–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932000016916.
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SummaryA representative sample of over one thousand couples who married during 1979 in England and Wales was followed from the date of marriage until mid-1984 to investigate the characteristics of couples who divorce soon after marriage.Couples who apparently lived together before marriage had a below average chance of early divorce, whereas couples where the addresses of the partners before marriage were very close had a significantly high rate of early breakdown. The chance of early divorce was significantly above average for spouses marrying in their teens and for both husbands and wives who, at their marriage, belonged to social class V. Couples who married with a civil ceremony had an above average (and those marrying with a religious ceremony a below average) risk of early divorce, but such differences were found to be negligible on analysing the results from a matched case-control study in which each ‘case’ marriage (one which ended in early divorce) was matched with a ‘control’ marriage (one which did not end in early divorce). Age at marriage, marital status before marriage and the social class of both partners, the factors controlled for in the case-control study, are likely to be amongst the strongest predictors of early divorce.
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Goldin, Claudia, and Maria Shim. "Making a Name: Women's Surnames at Marriage and Beyond." Journal of Economic Perspectives 18, no. 2 (May 1, 2004): 143–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/0895330041371268.
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This paper tracks the fraction of college graduate women who kept their surnames upon marriage and after childbirth and explores some of the correlates of surname retention. Data from the New York Times, Harvard College alumni books, and Massachusetts birth records are used. Surname retention at marriage greatly increased from 1975 to about 1985 although Massachusetts birth records and the Harvard data show a decrease in the fraction keeping their surnames beginning around the early 1990s. The observable characteristics of importance in surname retention are those revealing that the bride has already “made a name” for herself.
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Sainul, Ahmad. "KONSEP PERJANJIAN PERKAWINAN DI INDONESIA." Jurnal el-Qanuniy: Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Kesyariahan dan Pranata Sosial 4, no. 1 (June 30, 2018): 61–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.24952/el-qonuniy.v4i1.1827.
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Marriage records related to the legal consequences of national law to date still reap a lot of disagreements.The issue of unfinished marriage recording to date is about whether or not marriage is legal if not recorded. According to the conventional Islamic law based on the concepts of the Jurisprudence book that the recording of marriage is not necessary.But different in Law No.1 Year 1974 About Marriage, Government Regulation of Republic Indonesia No. 9 Year 1975 About Implementation of Act No.1 Year 1974 About Marriage Presidential Instruction No. 1 Year 1991 About Compilation of Islamic Law, and Act No.22 Year 1946 expressly Explained that every marriage should be recorded.The marriage agreement rule in Indonesiacontained in the classical jurisprudence, Law number 1 of 1974 concerning marriage (UUP) and Compilation of islamic law (KHI).
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Czimbalmos, Mercédesz. "From Yidishe khasene to civil marriage." Scripta Instituti Donneriani Aboensis 28 (April 4, 2018): 159–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.30674/scripta.70071.
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The aim of this article is to present marriage patterns in the Jewish Community of Helsinki in the period 1919–80 in light of textual records partly preserved in public archives, but partly also in the community itself. The latter corpus of data has not been used previously as source material for ethnographic research. While introducing the legislation of civil marriages in Finland, the goal of this study is to reflect on the patterns of intermarriage in the congregation in the 1900s and to present some preliminary findings pertaining to their impact on congregational policies.
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Wolf, Arthur P., and Hill Gates. "MARRIAGE IN TAIPEI CITY: REASONS FOR RETHINKING CHINESE DEMOGRAPHY." International Journal of Asian Studies 2, no. 1 (December 10, 2004): 111–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1479591405000057.
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The only pre-1950 Chinese cities for which reliable demographic records exist are those in Taiwan. Analysis of two samples of the records from Taipei City produces surprising results. Urban women were far less likely to marry than rural women and consequently had markedly lower fertility. This was due to a greater demand for female labor in the city but not because employment outside of the home freed women to refuse marriages arranged by their parents. Parental authority was as strong in the city as in the country. The difference was that given the possibility of remunerative employment for their daughters many parents chose to keep them at home rather than giving them to another family in marriage.
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Payyappilly, Ignatius. "Mapping Dowry Exchanges: Snapshots of Nineteenth Century Palm Leaves." Artha - Journal of Social Sciences 11, no. 2 (July 13, 2012): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.12724/ajss.21.2.
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The Palm leave records of the Syrian Christian communities in Kerala, belonging to eighteenth and nineteenth century, remain as evidences of the practice of dowry (Stridhanam) among the Syrian Christians and donations such as passaram, nadavazhakkam, kurippanam, kudappanam etc made to the churches and priests in relation to the marriage. Records say that this social custom, also known as Stridhanam was a crucial point of marriage and it was very often a matter of dispute and family problems. In spite of all disputes and difficulties existed in the Syrian Christian families and in the society at large because of this custom, no church record could be traced against this system. This paper is an attempt to explore and analyse the nature and practice of this social custom among Syrian Christians in the nineteenth century, who are Christian in faith and religion but are not different from the Hindus in their social customs and practices. Likewise, this paper is an attempt to analyse the social and cultural impacts of dowry (stridhanam) and the attitude of the society as well as that of Church authorities towards this custom and how did they tax the people in connection with the marriage.
Keywords: Dowry; stridhanam; syrian christians; passaram; nadavazhakkam; palm leave records; christian marriage
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Nisa, Khairun, H. A. Lawali Hasibuan, and Zaini Munawir Lubis. "Aspek Hukum Pencatatan Perkawinan menurut Hukum Indonesia di Desa Tumpatan Nibung Kecamatan Batang Kuis Kabupaten Deli Serdang." Jurnal Ilmiah Penegakan Hukum 4, no. 2 (January 14, 2019): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.31289/jiph.v4i2.1947.
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<p class="1judul"><em>Legal </em><em>Aspects of </em><em>Marriage </em><em>Registration </em><em>According to </em><em>Law of Indonesia in Tumpatan Village Nibung Kecamatan Batang Kuis Deli Serdang District</em></p><p class="JudulAbstrakInggris">Abstract</p><h1>The background of this writing is that there are still records of marriages that have not been registered so that the purpose of this writing. A marriage is legal if carried out according to the laws of religion and their respective beliefs. In addition, every marriage must be registered in accordance with the applicable legislation. For those who are Muslim, recording at the Marriage Registrar, Divorce and Referral. Whereas for various non-Muslims, marriage records are conducted at the Civil Registry Office. However, it is still unregistered. The reason is because the cost of a marriage registration is expensive, the procedure is complicated, and people do not know the benefits of a marriage record. The legal consequences are registered, affecting the position of husband and wife, children's status and property position. Marriage carried out by religion and their respective beliefs is legal, even though they are not registered in the office of the civil register, strictly regulated in Article 2 Paragraph (1) of Law Number 1 of 1974 concerning marriage. If the marriage is not recorded, there is no validity of the marriage. This also means that the marriage never existed. In conclusion, according to Article 2 Paragraphs 1 and 2 that marriages are not listed on the Marriage Registrar, then the marriage is considered non-existent.<strong></strong></h1><p class="1judul"><em><br /></em></p>
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Parker, Brian. "Marriages at Woodstock Following the 1653 Marriage Act." Local Population Studies, no. 95 (December 31, 2015): 69–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.35488/lps95.2015.69.
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An extraordinary and substantial surge in the annual number of marriages is recorded in the Woodstock Parish Register during the period of the Protectorate. Records of marriages in the same period for rural parishes surrounding Woodstock do not show the same effect. The phenomenon appears to be related to the 1653 Marriage Act, but other factors are considered.
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Uggen, Christopher. "Commentary: Records, Relationships, and Reentries." ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 665, no. 1 (April 10, 2016): 142–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002716215625051.
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This commentary highlights some of the key lessons from the preceding articles by Sarah Lageson on online criminal histories and Robert Apel on cohabitation and marriage. To provide additional perspectives on institutions and families, it draws briefly on interview data from the Minnesota Exits and Entries Project, comparing the reentry experiences of 18- to 25-year-olds leaving prisons, jails, the armed forces, the juvenile justice system, foster care, drug treatment, and mental health facilities. While the prison surely ranks among the most salient institutions for U.S. families today and as such merits close scrutiny, there is also great benefit in “escaping prison”: considering how the justice system might productively import or borrow ideas and programs from other institutional domains. In collectively showing how specific punishment conditions affect family life, we can provide the research base needed to help institutions better support individuals and families.
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Fourie, Johan, and Kris Inwood. "Interracial marriages in twentieth-century Cape Town: evidence from Anglican marriage records." History of the Family 24, no. 3 (July 3, 2019): 629–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1081602x.2019.1631873.
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Latupono, Barzah. "Pencatatan Perkawinan Di Indonesia Dikaitkan Dengan Good Governance." SASI 24, no. 2 (February 28, 2019): 150. http://dx.doi.org/10.47268/sasi.v24i2.129.
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Marriage registration carried out by marriage registrar employees is often not in accordance with the rules set out in the Act. The law requires that the marriage record be carried out if it has fulfilled the legal requirements for marriage. There are cases of marriages that do not meet the legal requirements of marriage and there are also marriages that meet the legal requirements of marriage but are not stated. State apparatus in various service sectors, especially those concerning the fulfillment of civil rights and basic needs of the community, must be carried out in accordance with the mandate of the 1945 Constitution. Marriage records, such as the making of National Identity Cards or Driving Permits, actually discuss public services that are the responsibility of the state. So that it should pay attention to the principle of good governance, one of which is to establish costs that are in accordance with the standard of living of the people and procedures that are not user-friendly.
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Lizwary, Karina, and Wahyuni Safitri. "KAJIAN HUKUM TERHADAP PERKAWINAN BEDA AGAMA DENGAN ADANYA YURISPRUDENSI MAHKAMAH AGUNG NO. 1400K/PDT/1986." Yuriska : Jurnal Ilmiah Hukum 8, no. 1 (September 6, 2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.24903/yrs.v8i1.24.
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Indonesia as pluralistic country with assorted tribe, race, language and culture and religion so that intermarriage occurs frequently. Intermarriage itself is not regulated in Law No. 1 of 1974 on Marriage and with the jurisprudence of the Supreme Court No. 1400 K / PDT / 1986 in the Jurisprudence decision does not prohibit the intermarriage so that the terms of a marriage is no longer an obstacle for those who want to perpetuate Interfaith Marriage. The issue of interfaith marriage arises in our country as a logical consequence of the recognition of Pancasila as the foundation of legal product, which contained therein "The principle of religion freedom", so long as we continue to recognize the existence of these two things, the issue of interfaith marriage will always appear, therefore how records of a marriage which has rules that are different and what is contained in the jurisprudence, in consideration of a judge.
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CAPP, BERNARD. "BIGAMOUS MARRIAGE IN EARLY MODERN ENGLAND." Historical Journal 52, no. 3 (August 4, 2009): 537–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x09990021.
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ABSTRACTThough divorce followed by remarriage was illegal in early modern England, a considerable number of people whose marriage had failed or whose spouse had deserted ventured to marry again, either uncertain of the law or choosing to defy it. Bigamy, traditionally a spiritual offence, came to be seen as a significant social problem and was made a felony in 1604. Drawing on ecclesiastical and secular court records and a variety of other sources, this article examines the legal framework, offers a typology of bigamists, and explores the circumstances surrounding their actions. It finds that offenders, predominantly male, ranged from the unlucky or feckless to the cynically manipulative, among them a small number of serial bigamists. It also asks how such offences might come to light in an age of relatively poor communications, and examines the plight of those who had married a bigamist in good faith. Finally it examines the likelihood of conviction, and the punishment of those who confessed or were convicted.
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Damsuki, Ali. "KONSEP PERNIKAHAN MASYARAKAT SAMIN DAN PENDEKATAN DAKWAH KULTURAL." Islamic Communication Journal 4, no. 1 (July 7, 2019): 102. http://dx.doi.org/10.21580/icj.2019.4.1.3299.
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<p>The human patterns and behavior in the dynamics of society have internal uniqueness in forming a habit. The pattern and behavior become a social construction that tends to humanist values so that it has implications for culture. Culture is the result of human creativity, initiative, and taste. <br />Culture represents a distinctive feature for people living in an area. The Samin community remains a group that adheres to the teachings of Saminism. In the Samin community, the culture of the wedding ceremony is contrary to Islam. There are so many things deviate from Islamic ways, such as the term “weton” (birthday) which is frequently used as the fundamental tendency for the Samin community in determining marriage mates, days and dates of marriage in a Javanese perspective and do not involve the KUA in the marriage procession. In Islam, marriage unlimited to the symbol of the birthday of every couple, both male and female. This is explained in al-Dzariyat: 49. After the presence of Islam as a religion of da'wah, the culture of the Samin community began to experience systematic changes, both religious and nationalist through the propagation of empowerment with a cultural approach. Empowerment of da'wah with a cultural approach gradually began to come into contact with the culture of the Samin community which tended to be "conservative." This change occurred through the acculturation of Samin's Islamic marriage culture and administrative records by KUA. These changes occur through the acculturation of the culture of Samin's Islamic marriage and administrative records by the KUA.</p>
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VITÓRIA, ANDRÉ. "Two Weddings and a Lawsuit: Marriage Litigation in Fourteenth-Century Portugal." Journal of Ecclesiastical History 67, no. 3 (June 10, 2016): 513–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022046915003346.
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Based on one of the few surviving records of marriage cases brought before ecclesiastical courts in fourteenth-century Portugal, this article offers a rare glimpse of marriage practice in a small village in a remote corner of Western Europe and the complex ties that bound its inhabitants and which secular and ecclesiastical authorities sought to regulate. Clear parallels can be drawn with the patterns of marriage litigation observed in England and Northern France, but evidence also suggests that royal legislation played an important part in the resolution of marital disputes and in the shaping of conjugal behaviour.
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Curtin, Chris, Eoin Devereux, and Dan Shields. "Replaying the ‘Match’: Marriage Settlements in North Galway." Irish Journal of Sociology 2, no. 1 (May 1992): 85–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/079160359200200105.
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In this paper, marriage settlement records from a north Galway legal practice are utilised to provide additional insights into the socio-legal aspects of the marriage practices of west of Ireland farmers. The significant new findings include: the complexity and variety of forms of property transfer; the wide range of actors and interests involved in the settlements; and the far from universal presence of the dowry. While the empirical base of the paper is limited, the findings are such as to question some of the taken-for-granted elements of farmer's marriage patterns as they are described in previous accounts.
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Sumnall, Catherine. "The Social and Legal Reception of Illegitimate Births in the Gurk Valley, Austria, 1868–1945." Studies in Church History 56 (May 15, 2020): 362–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/stc.2019.20.
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This article uses a combination of sources, ranging from statistical material calculated from parish records, through oral history interviews and autobiographies, to letters sent by parish priests to their bishop, to illuminate the spaces between law, marriage and the church in the Gurk valley of southern Austria. It argues that local patterns and trends of illegitimacy were tolerated by the Catholic clergy, and that the relationships concerned were understood both as marriage without ceremonialization, and as stable unions where marriage was impeded by poverty. These attitudes hardened in the state legal practices that formed part of Nazi family policy and reduced rural illegitimacy.
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Wagner, Brandon G., Kate H. Choi, and Philip N. Cohen. "Decline in Marriage Associated with the COVID-19 Pandemic in the United States." Socius: Sociological Research for a Dynamic World 6 (January 2020): 237802312098032. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2378023120980328.
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In the social upheaval arising from the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, we do not yet know how union formation, particularly marriage, has been affected. Using administration records—marriage certificates and applications—gathered from settings representing a variety of COVID-19 experiences in the United States, the authors compare counts of recorded marriages in 2020 against those from the same period in 2019. There is a dramatic decrease in year-to-date cumulative marriages in 2020 compared with 2019 in each case. Similar patterns are observed for the Seattle metropolitan area when analyzing the cumulative number of marriage applications, a leading indicator of marriages in the near future. Year-to-date declines in marriage are unlikely to be due solely to closure of government agencies that administer marriage certification or reporting delays. Together, these findings suggest that marriage has declined during the COVID-19 outbreak and may continue to do so, at least in the short term.
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Juhn, Chinhui, and Kristin McCue. "Evolution of the Marriage Earnings Gap for Women." American Economic Review 106, no. 5 (May 1, 2016): 252–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.p20161120.
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Using Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP) panels linked to Social Security earnings records, we examine the earnings gap associated with marriage for cohorts of women born between 1936 and 1975. We compare ordinary least squares and fixed-effect estimates. We find that among women who work, the marital earnings gap has all but disappeared in fixed-effects estimates for recent birth cohorts. In fact, among women without children, married women earn more than single women, implying a diminished role for specialization when children are not present. In contrast, the motherhood earnings gap remains large even for recent birth cohorts.
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Zubaidah, Dwi Arini. "PENCATATAN PERKAWINAN DALAM PERSPEKTIF MAQĀṢID ASY-SYARĪ’AH JĀSIR ‘AUDAH." Al-Ahwal: Jurnal Hukum Keluarga Islam 12, no. 1 (August 6, 2020): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.14421/ahwal.2019.12102.
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Procedural rules for marriage recording have led to speculation that marriage records are only considered more administrative requirements. So that up to now under-age marriages are still often found among the public. The purpose of this study is to show the urgency of a marriage record for those bound by marriage. The type of research used is library research and descriptive analysis that describes objectively the rules of marriage recording by analyzing using the theory of maqāṣid ash-syarī'ah as a methodology approach to the philosophy of Islamic law. Based on the results of the study, the rules for recording marriage are a product of Islamic law reform that is at the forefront of the present. Marriage registration is a renewal of Islamic law as a new form of ijtihad towards witnessing in a marriage. By registering the marriage civil rights of the parties concerned will be guaranteed and secure. A marriage that is carried out may not be enough with a testimony according to existing marriage conditions. The logical consequence of the development of the developing period is also evidence that determines the validity of marriage. Features of Jāsir system theory udah Audah is six, namely the character of cognition, overallness, openness, interrelated hierarchy, multidimensionality, and intentions. The whole feature of Jāsir udah Audah is applicative which can realize the idea of the rules of marriage registration as a legitimate condition for determining a marriage.
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Beness, J. Lea, and Tom Hillard. "Insulting Cornelia, Mother of the Gracchi." Antichthon 47 (2013): 61–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0066477400000265.
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AbstractPlutarch records calumny directed at Cornelia, mother of the Gracchi, though he offers no detail as to its content. This article speculates that Cicero's reference to rhetorical misgivings concerning her marriage offers a clue. References by Pliny and Solinus to the ominous nature of Cornelia's postnatal condition prompt the further speculation that enemies of the Gracchi were able to claim that both her marriage and the birth of her children had run counter to divine injunction.
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CIAPPARA, FRANS. "Perceptions of marriage in late-eighteenth-century Malta." Continuity and Change 16, no. 3 (December 2001): 379–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0268416001003897.
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Although the Catholic Church claimed to control marriage, in late-eighteenth-century Malta the faithful still considered matrimony to be a personal affair. The study is based upon episcopal court records and parish registers, which reveal substantial numbers of clandestine marriages, contravening the Council of Trent's directives concerning entry into marriage. Couples separated from each other at will, without the Church's consent. A few took other partners, despite the inquisitors' nets. Couples viewed sexual relations as matters for themselves to regulate, and sex outside marriage as not something into which the Church was to intrude. Especially noteworthy in this respect were relations between betrothed, since a man would not marry a woman who could not bear children.
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Munasir, Munasir. "REKONSTRUKSI HUKUM PERKAWINAN DIBAWAH TANGAN DALAM PERSPEKTIF FIQH BERDASARKAN NILAI KEMASLAHATAN." Jurnal Pembaharuan Hukum 2, no. 1 (July 8, 2016): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.26532/jph.v2i1.1415.
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Marriage is a physically and mentally bond between a man and a woman as husband and wife with the intention of forming a family or household happy and everlasting based on God. The dualism of the legal status of Islam in Indonesian society marriage is a problem that must be solved with emphasis on the value of the benefit. Methods used normative juridical method, this study sought to find out whether the law to be applied in order to solve a particular problem, in other words, normative juridical approach is the approach that examines the law asthe norm. The results obtained are 1. that the marriage Construction under the hand according to Islamic jurisprudence Islamic marriage between husband and wife with Moslem or nonMoslem with a harmonious marriage include the willingness and consent qobul. Marriage is said to be valid if carried out in accordance with Islamic fiqh with the five pillars of marriage,namely a) Approval of the bride and groom, b) Mayor of marriage, c) Two witnesses, d) Ijab qobul and d) Mahar. And reconstruction of marital law under the hand in the perspective ofIslamic jurisprudence by requiring that the benefit of legal marriage should Replaces, ie the agreement of both bride and groom, guardian of marriage, two witnesses, the dowry, consentqobul and please register at KUA / civil records.
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Thorvaldsen, Gunnar, Joana Maria Pujadas-Mora, Trygve Andersen, Line Eikvil, Josep Lladós, Alícia Fornés, and Anna Cabré. "A Tale of Two Transcriptions. Machine-Assisted Transcription of Historical Sources." Historical Life Course Studies 2 (January 29, 2015): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.51964/hlcs9355.
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This article explains how two projects implement semi-automated transcription routines: for census sheets in Norway and marriage protocols from Barcelona. The Spanish system was created to transcribe the marriage license books from 1451 to 1905 for the Barcelona area; one of the world’s longest series of preserved vital records. Thus, in the Project “Five Centuries of Marriages” (5CofM) at the Autonomous University of Barcelona’s Center for Demographic Studies, the Barcelona Historical Marriage Database has been built. More than 600,000 records were transcribed by 150 transcribers working online. The Norwegian material is cross-sectional as it is the 1891 census, recorded on one sheet per person. This format and the underlining of keywords for several variables made it more feasible to semi-automate data entry than when many persons are listed on the same page. While Optical Character Recognition (OCR) for printed text is scientifically mature, computer vision research is now focused on more difficult problems such as handwriting recognition. In the marriage project, document analysis methods have been proposed to automatically recognize the marriage licenses. Fully automatic recognition is still a challenge, but some promising results have been obtained. In Spain, Norway and elsewhere the source material is available as scanned pictures on the Internet, opening up the possibility for further international cooperation concerning automating the transcription of historic source materials. Like what is being done in projects to digitize printed materials, the optimal solution is likely to be a combination of manual transcription and machine-assisted recognition also for hand-written sources.
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Armstrong-Partida, Michelle. "Concubinage, Clandestine Marriage, and Gender in the Visitation Records of Fourteenth-Century Catalonia." Journal of the History of Sexuality 26, no. 2 (May 2017): 207–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.7560/jhs26203.
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Steeb, Theresa, Anja Wessely, Matthias Harlaß, Franz Heppt, Elias A. T. Koch, Ulrike Leiter, Claus Garbe, Oliver Schöffski, Carola Berking, and Markus V. Heppt. "A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Interventions for Actinic Keratosis from Post-Marketing Surveillance Trials." Journal of Clinical Medicine 9, no. 7 (July 15, 2020): 2253. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm9072253.
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Multiple interventions are available for the treatment of actinic keratosis (AK) showing high efficacy in pivotal trials. However, data from post-marketing surveillance studies have received little attention until now. Here, we systematically investigate interventions for AK from post-marketing surveillance trials as a proxy for real-world efficacy and tolerability. A systematic literature search was conducted in Medline, Embase, and CENTRAL. Pertinent trial registers were hand-searched until 25 March 2020. Results were pooled using a random-effects model to calculate pooled proportions and relative risks (RR) or were described qualitatively. Eleven records with a total sample size of n = 4109 were included. Three of the studies had an active-controlled design, while seven were single-armed. Participant complete clearance ranged from 23.1% for diclofenac sodium 3% gel to 88.9% for ingenol mebutate 0.05% gel. The lesion-specific clearance rate for photodynamic therapy (PDT) was 74% (95% confidence interval (CI) 56–87%). The recurrence rate was significantly higher for diclofenac sodium 3% in comparison to imiquimod 5% cream (RR 1.10, 95% CI 1.02–1.1.8) and ranged from 10.6% for ingenol mebutate 0.015% gel to 23.5% for PDT. Few patients discontinued the trials due to adverse events. The results from the majority of the post-marketing surveillance studies deviated from those of pivotal trials.
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Berco, Cristian. "Syphilis, Sex, and Marriage in Early Modern Spain." Journal of Early Modern History 15, no. 3 (2011): 223–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157006511x565521.
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AbstractAlthough scholarship on the early modern syphilis epidemic has greatly increased our understanding of the medical, institutional, and individual responses to this illness, little is known about patients’ familial and personal lives beyond the hospital walls. Examining patients treated at Toledo’s Hospital de Santiago in the mid-seventeenth century, this article analyzes their attitudes towards sexuality and marriage as they lived with chronic venereal disease. Produced in a post-Tridentine context that ideally emphasized individual control of sexual sin, the hospital and notarial records patients left behind reveal ambivalence towards sexuality and marriage. Not only did competing messages on sexuality affect patients who displayed expressive sexual lives under specific circumstances, but only those who engaged communal networks, socioeconomic position, and medical assumptions on sexuality and disease successfully managed to marry.
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Abade, Augusto, and Jaume Bertranpetit. "Birth, marriage and death in illegitimacy: a study in northern Portugal." Journal of Biosocial Science 27, no. 4 (October 1995): 443–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932000023051.
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SummaryIn populations in which the frequency of illegitimacy is high, illegitimates and legitimates may be subjected to different demographic and social pressures, with social and genetic consequences. A rural population from north-east Portugal is studied and variables from birth, marriage and death records are compared according to the legitimacy of the individuals. The analysis shows important differential demographic patterns in infant and child mortality and in migration prior to and related to marriage, especially in women. Some changes over time and gender differences are also evident.
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Tambe, Ashwini. "The Moral Hierarchies of Age Standards: The UN Debates a Common Minimum Marriage Age, 1951–1962." American Historical Review 125, no. 2 (April 1, 2020): 451–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ahr/rhaa191.
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Abstract While the UN was still a fledgling organization in the early 1950s, it took on the question of what an appropriate minimum age for marriage should be across all its member countries. Two UN conventions—the 1956 Supplementary Convention on Slavery and the 1962 Convention on Consent to Marriage, Minimum Age for Marriage and Registration of Marriages—involved tense deliberations over a marriage age standard. Drawing on records of UN preparatory meetings, I show that delegates representing Britain and Portugal spearheaded an effort to frame early and forced marriage as forms of slavery, and thereby focused abolitionist attention on formerly colonized countries. The moral worth of newly independent countries came to be signaled by specifying a high chronological age for marriage rather than treating puberty as a threshold. Although there was no tidy polarization between colonizers and colonized in the deliberations, several delegates from former British colonies—especially Nigeria and India, large regional powers with aspirations to lead the budding Non-Aligned Movement—strenuously rejected the tutelary stance of the British delegates. These debates about a common marriage age reveal how, in this foundational moment of liberal internationalism, relationships of equivalence between countries were undercut by efforts to mark differences between imperial powers and newly independent countries.
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Mason, Rebecca. "Women, Marital Status, and Law: The Marital Spectrum in Seventeenth-Century Glasgow." Journal of British Studies 58, no. 4 (October 2019): 787–804. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jbr.2019.86.
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AbstractEarly modern women are often categorized by historians in relation to their marital status—whether they appeared as single, married, or widowed women. These identifications reflected the effects of marriage on women's legal and social status. Focusing on the records of the burgh and commissary courts of seventeenth-century Glasgow, this article shows how Scottish women's legal status existed instead on a “marital spectrum,” including liminal phases prior to the formation of marriage as well as overlapping phases following remarriage after the death of a spouse. This spectrum situates women's legal claims in relation to their marital career, allowing for a closer reading of women's legal activities. Court clerks working in Glasgow documented women's varied marital, familial, and legal identities within the court records, a Scottish practice that can shed new light on how women negotiated the boundaries of justice in early modern courts of law.
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Finch, A. J. "Sexual Relations and Marriage in Later Medieval Normandy." Journal of Ecclesiastical History 47, no. 2 (April 1996): 236–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022046900012859.
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The evidence left by the medieval church courts has proved to be a rich source for the study of both the social and legal aspects of marriage. This has been particularly true for the records of matrimonial litigation generated by the English courts as well as those from the continent and, to a lesser extent, Ireland. Much of this interest has focused on the instance business of the courts, corresponding roughly to modern-day civil litigation. In the context of the English courts, this usually involved an attempt to establish the existence of a valid marriage. Less attention has been paid to the ex officio actions brought by courts against errant individuals. Interest has also tended to concentrate on the actual act of marriage itself and the degree to which this matched the Church's ideal system of how marriages should be formed. Questions concerning courtship and the alternatives to marriage have only begun to be addressed.
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Day, Cathy. "Illegitimacy and its Effects on Marriage Prospects in Eighteenth and Nineteenth Century Rural England." Local Population Studies, no. 106 (June 30, 2021): 43–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.35488/lps106.2021.43.
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All births, marriages and deaths that occurred in two rural parishes in south-west England in the period 1754–1914 were examined, using a wide array of source material. Records of individuals were linked together into large multi-generational family groups. There were 4,940 births, of which 319 were illegitimate. For the illegitimate cases, the rates of subsequent marriage of mothers and fathers were determined and compared with those for other people in the same parishes. Being the father of an illegitimate child did not impact the chances of subsequent marriage. Being the mother of an illegitimate child decreased the chances of subsequent marriage but only if the mother was co-resident with her children. Where the mother did not live with the illegitimate child(ren), her chances of marriage were similar to that of other women. Mothers of illegitimate children were more likely to marry their cousins and were less geographically mobile than other mothers.
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Bronnikova, M. A., Yu V. Konoplianikova, A. R. Agatova, E. P. Zazovskaya, M. P. Lebedeva, I. V. Turova, R. K. Nepop, I. G. Shorkunov, and A. E. Cherkinsky. "Coatings in cryoaridic soils and other records of landscape and climate changes in the Ak-Khol Lake basin (Tyva)." Eurasian Soil Science 50, no. 2 (February 2017): 142–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1064229317020016.
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Masaki, Motofumi, and Akira Koizumi. "Demographic characteristics and their genetic implications in a small island." Journal of Biosocial Science 20, no. 2 (April 1988): 225–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932000017454.
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SummaryThe family registration records from a village population in a small island of Japan are used to assess the effect of demographic differentiation within a population on genetic measures. When the couples studied are classified by birth cohorts and origins, wives of the couples where one spouse came from elsewhere were older at marriage and had a shorter duration of marriage or registration than wives where both spouses were natives of the village. The mean number of offspring is statistically smaller in the former except for the latest cohort, due mainly to out-migration during the reproductive ages which also resulted in low rates of marriage among the offspring within the village. This leads to a small effective population size and an increased likelihood of genetic drift in the overall population.
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GARCIA-MORO, CLARA, D. I. TOJA, and PHILLIP L. WALKER. "MARRIAGE PATTERNS OF CALIFORNIA'S EARLY SPANISH-MEXICAN COLONISTS (1742–1876)." Journal of Biosocial Science 29, no. 2 (April 1997): 205–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932097002058.
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Marriage patterns of California's eighteenth and nineteenth century Spanish-Mexican families are analysed using data from genealogies and mission records. A shortage of women among the military based colonists led to an unusual marriage pattern with a large age differential between husbands and wives. The average age at marriage was 18·4 years for women and 28·4 years for men. Spatial mobility was high for both sexes, particularly for men. More husbands than wives were born in Mexico. The Monterey presidial district of central California was the birthplace of a disproportionate number of husbands and the southern California districts were a source of wives. The transition between a founding population predominantly composed of Mexican immigrants and a population of native-born Californians occurred at the beginning of the nineteenth century.
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Wan, Marco. "The invention of tradition: Same-sex marriage and its discontents in Hong Kong." International Journal of Constitutional Law 18, no. 2 (July 2020): 539–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icon/moaa026.
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Abstract In Leung Chun Kwong v. Secretary for the Civil Service, the Hong Kong Court of Final Appeal held that the government unlawfully discriminated against a gay civil servant by refusing to recognize his same-sex marriage—entered into abroad—when considering the granting of local spousal benefits and joint tax assessment. The year before, in QT v. Director of Immigration, the court had ruled against the government for denying the partner of a British lesbian a dependant visa on the basis of her sexual orientation. QT and Leung Chun Kwong are landmarks in the rapidly evolving jurisprudence on same-sex marriage in the territory. This article presents an analysis of the Hong Kong cases relating to gay rights and same-sex marriage. It contends that, even though the need to protect traditional marriage is cited as a reason against marriage equality in many jurisdictions, the claim is particularly problematic in Hong Kong, given the city’s unique marriage history. It draws on the historian Eric Hobsbawm’s notion of “the invention of tradition” to argue that the rhetoric of traditional marriage conjures up an imagined past that displaces a vast and varied set of long-standing marital practices. By exploring government reports and records pertaining to Chinese marriages in colonial Hong Kong, this article then examines these forgotten traditions and demonstrates their significance for understanding the marriage equality debate in the territory in our own time.
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Morris, Derek, and Ken Cozens. "The Thames as a Barrier in the Eighteenth Century." Local Population Studies, no. 101 (December 31, 2018): 26–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.35488/lps101.2018.26.
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Analysis of marriage registers, apprentice records, wills and insurance policies demonstrates that in the eighteenth century, the Thames, downstream from the Tower of London, was a major barrier to the development of strong business and marriage links between the residents on the north bank in Stepney, and those on the south bank in Surrey and Kent. Possible reasons for our findings are examined in the context of London's growth, migration patterns and business opportunities. The importance of Sun Fire Office insurance policies, in examining personal and commercial links between places far apart is emphasised. Suggestions are made for future research.
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Lhost, Elizabeth. "From Documents to Data Points: Marriage Registration and the Politics of Record-Keeping in British India (1880-1950)." Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient 62, no. 5-6 (November 12, 2019): 998–1045. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685209-12341499.
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AbstractIn 1880, the British Government of India passed an act for appointing individuals to the office of qazi to perform and record Muslim marriages. The act, a product of legislative collaboration, framed marriage registration as a solution to countless problems related to marriage. As a result, qazis and their assistants (nāʾibs) in places like Meerut recorded thousands of marriages using enumerative categories mirroring those found in colonial records. Yet rather than solving the problems surrounding Muslim marriages, as the act intended, these registers turned marital events into administrative facts and invited further management of Muslim marriages in the twentieth century.
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Avdela, Efi, Kostis Gotsinas, Despo Kritsotaki, and Dimitra Vassiliadou. "From Virginity to Orgasm: Marriage and Sexuality in Twentieth-century Greece." Journal of Family History 45, no. 3 (March 18, 2020): 315–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0363199020906852.
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This article charts the gradual sexualization of marriage in twentieth-century Greece, exploring both expert and lay ideas. First, through official writings and marital correspondence, it sketches the subtle transformation of the nineteenth-century ideal of conjugal love into a more sexualized emotion by the turn of the century. Then, it analyzes the writings of “sex experts” and the correspondence with their clients, showcasing how sexual pleasure became a priority within marriage after World War II. Lastly, the records of a postwar mental health service show that by the late 1970s, the consensus on the importance of mutual sexual satisfaction was being established.