Journal articles: 'Marriage – Zimbabwe'

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Dodo, Obediah. "Selected approaches for conflict resolution in marriage disputes in Zimbabwe." International Journal of Modern Anthropology 15, no. 2 (May 27, 2021): 414–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijma.v15i2.2.

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Realising an increase in marriages, an increase in marriage violence and a subsequent rise in marriage homicide, the study explored the possibility of taking divorce as a preferred option towards ending marriage violence and subsequent homicide. The triangulated study adopted a descriptive survey design which collected data through questionnaires that were distributed to 160 purposively sampled participants. The study followed an anti-positivist approach which relies on depth rather than width of data. Data were analysed and interpreted using NVIVO software and dyadic analysis, which provided for the analysis of descriptive and statistical data. It was the study’s finding that marriage conflicts and homicide are rampant in Zimbabwe and the available resolution systems have lost relevance and effectiveness. The study, noted that while marriages are good for the development of any society, if there are irreparable differences between couples, there is need to separate or divorce under what the study calls ‘just divorce’. The study concludes that ’just divorce’ is basically meant to save lives while allowing divorcees to reconnect after they would have really made up their minds and addressed emotions. It takes national authorities to appreciate the essence of ‘just divorce’ for them to embrace it as a policy. Key words: Marriage violence; Divorce; Marriage homicide; Family conflicts; Conflict resolution; Just Divorce

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Dodo, Obediah. "Selected approaches for conflict resolution in marriage disputes in Zimbabwe." International Journal of Modern Anthropology 2, no. 15 (May 27, 2021): 414–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijma.v2i15.2.

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Realising an increase in marriages, an increase in marriage violence and a subsequent rise in marriage homicide, the study explored the possibility of taking divorce as a preferred option towards ending marriage violence and subsequent homicide. The triangulated study adopted a descriptive survey design which collected data through questionnaires that were distributed to 160 purposively sampled participants. The study followed an anti-positivist approach which relies on depth rather than width of data. Data were analysed and interpreted using NVIVO software and dyadic analysis, which provided for the analysis of descriptive and statistical data. It was the study’s finding that marriage conflicts and homicide are rampant in Zimbabwe and the available resolution systems have lost relevance and effectiveness. The study, noted that while marriages are good for the development of any society, if there are irreparable differences between couples, there is need to separate or divorce under what the study calls ‘just divorce’. The study concludes that ’just divorce’ is basically meant to save lives while allowing divorcees to reconnect after they would have really made up their minds and addressed emotions. It takes national authorities to appreciate the essence of ‘just divorce’ for them to embrace it as a policy. Key words: Marriage violence; Divorce; Marriage homicide; Family conflicts; Conflict resolution; Just Divorce

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Sayi, Takudzwa S., and Amson Sibanda. "Correlates of Child Marriage in Zimbabwe." Journal of Family Issues 39, no. 8 (January 31, 2018): 2366–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0192513x18755198.

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In countries where child marriage remains widespread, concerted efforts are underway to eliminate it, but overall progress remains uneven and slow. One in three Zimbabwean girls marries by age 18. To inform the country’s efforts to reduce child marriage, data from 5,542 women aged 20 to 24 years in the 2005-2006, 2010-2011, and 2015 Zimbabwe Demographic and Health Surveys are used to examine individual-, household-, and cluster-level correlates. Cumulative incidence functions first document changes over time, and multilevel models are used to explore correlates. Although prevalence is high, younger cohorts were less likely to marry young. A woman’s education, wealth quintile, religion, and provincial residence correlated with marrying as a child. Cluster-level female schooling, number of children ever born, and proportions using contraceptives were also correlated with child marriage. Efforts should promote socioeconomic well-being and target cultural practices promoting the practice. Interventions targeting at-risk women should complement universal approaches to combating child marriage.

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Samanga, T., and V. M. Matiza. "Depiction of Shona marriage institution in Zimbabwe local television drama, Wenera Diamonds." Southern Africa Journal of Education, Science and Technology 5, no. 1 (August 28, 2020): 53–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/sajest.v5i1.39824/sajest.2020.001.

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Marriage is a highly celebrated phenomenon among the African people. It is one of the important institutions among the Shona and Ndebele people in Zimbabwe as expressed in the saying ‘musha mukadzi’ and ‘umuzingumama’ (home is made by a woman) respectively. However with the coming of colonialism in Zimbabwe, marriage was not given the appropriate respect it deserves. This has given impetus to this paper where the researchers in the study through drama want to bring out the depiction of marriage institution in a post -independence television drama, Wenera Diamonds (2017). This paper therefore, aims to show the impact of neo-colonialism on Shona marriage institution. The neo colonial period is characterised with the perpetuation of Western imperial interests through protocols of diplomatic relations, treaties and existing bilateral agreements which marked a new phase of relationships with former colonisers. The aim of this article therefore is to depict marriage institution in neo colonial Zimbabwe in Wenera Diamonds (2017), a Zimbabwean television drama. Using qualitative research methodology, the research employs content analysis to elucidate the depiction in the said performance. Guided by the Africana womanist perspective, the article argues that the indigenous knowledge needed for African social development is rendered irrelevant by a dysfunctional set of values of the western hegemony. Against that, the paper establishes that the depiction of marriage institution in Wenera diamonds is a reflection of imperialist colonial forces on the black person hence the need to go back to basics and resuscitate their culture.

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Bengesai, Annah V., Lateef B. Amusa, and Felix Makonye. "The impact of girl child marriage on the completion of the first cycle of secondary education in Zimbabwe: A propensity score analysis." PLOS ONE 16, no. 6 (June 9, 2021): e0252413. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0252413.

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Background The association between girl child marriage and education is widely acknowledged; however, there is no large body of demographic studies from Zimbabwe that have addressed this aspect. This study aimed to examine the extent to which child marriage affects one academic milestone, i.e. completion of the Ordinary Level, the first cycle of high school, which is also the most critical indicator of educational achievement in Zimbabwe. Methods We used the 2015 Zimbabwe Demographic and Health Survey and extracted 2380 cases of ever-married women aged between 20–29 years. We applied a propensity score-based method, which allowed us to mimic a hypothetical experiment and estimate outcomes between treated and untreated subjects. Results Our results suggest that child age at first marriage is concentrated between the ages of 15–22, with the typical age at first marriage being 18 years. Both logistic regression and PSM models revealed that early marriage decreased the chances of completing the first cycle of high school. Regression adjustment produced an estimate of prevalence ratio (PR) of 0.446 (95% CI: 0.374–0.532), while PSM resulted in an estimate (PR = 0.381; 95% CI: 0.298–0.488). Conclusion These results have implications for Zimbabwe’s development policy and suggest that girl-child marriage is a significant barrier to educational attainment. If not addressed, the country will most likely fail to meet sustainable development Goal 4.2 and 5.3. Social change interventions that target adults and counter beliefs about adolescent sexuality and prepubescent marriage should be put in place. Moreover, interventions that keep teenage girls in school beyond the first cycle of high school should be prioritised.

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Dzimiri, Cynthia, Plaxedes Chikunda, and Viola Ingwani. "Causes of Child Marriages in Zimbabwe: A Case of Mashonaland Province in Zimbabwe." IRA-International Journal of Management & Social Sciences (ISSN 2455-2267) 7, no. 1 (May 10, 2017): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.21013/jmss.v7.n1.p9.

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<div><p><em>Increasing concerns on the welfare of a girl child world wide is observed and yet there are significant matters still to be discussed. In addition to all the causes raised by other researchers one of the objectives of this study is to focus on the impact of the legal systems that are already in place on child marriage. This is elucidated by a sample of thirty (30) participants in one of the districts within Mashonaland Province of Zimbabwe. This study examines the reasons why child marriage is on the rise in this province and what the law, parents, teachers and the children themselves say about it which seems to be a dearth study in this issue. The study also focuses on the solutions to this disturbing issue. The researchers employed descriptive survey as a way of collecting evidence, analysing and reporting on the findings (Chiromo, 2009) and triangulation which refers to the use of multiple sources of data ( Palmer and Quinn, 2003 in Chinomona and Tam, 2013 ). Various independent sources of evidence including interviews, focus group discussion and document analysis provided the data. Data collection and analysis were done at the same time for accuracy’s sake. The results indicate that the major causes of child marriage in this province in particular are religious beliefs and practices as also indicated in the research by Masinire (2015). In addition to that the following were also highlighted as other factors that contribute to child marriage: lack of serious sex education in schools due to cultural beliefs and practices, socio-economic background of learners, early socialisation, parental expectations and level of education and also lack of adequate knowledge on the children‘s rights and other legal systems that support them. Shortcomings of these policies are discussed and recommendations are given before paving way forward for other researchers. </em></p></div>

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7

Mhloyi, Marvellous M. "Perceptions on Communication and Sexuality in Marriage in Zimbabwe." Women & Therapy 10, no. 3 (November 14, 1990): 61–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j015v10n03_06.

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Ncube, Welshman. "Re-Allocation of Matrimonial Property at the Dissolution of Marriage in Zimbabwe." Journal of African Law 34, no. 1 (1990): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021855300008159.

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Most countries of the world have at one time or another been confronted with questions of what principles or rules should guide the courts in readjusting the property rights of spouses at the dissolution of their marriage. Virtually all civilised countries have accepted marriage as an equal partnership of two legally equal individuals to which each one of them contributes in one way or another. Most policy makers agree that the partners contribute to the marriage through their division of labour and that these contributions although not equal in absolute terms are nonetheless of equal relative value to the welfare of the family.This recognition of the equal worth and equal importance of the two spouses to a marriage relationship has had profound effects on the matrimonial property regimes of numerous countries which have had to tackle the problem of the construction of a fair and equitable legal formula for the reallocation of matrimonial property rights at the dissolution of marriage. The fundamental problem has been whether a fair and equitable system is achieved by means of fixed rules of apportionment or through flexible discretionary judicial powers exercisable at the discretion of courts, in the light of the individual circumstances of each case.

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Nenge, Richard Tafara. "A Hermeneutical Challenge in the Fight against hiv and aids in the Johane Marange Apostolic Church." Exchange 42, no. 3 (2013): 252–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1572543x-12341274.

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Abstract This paper addresses the unique religious beliefs and practices of a prominent church in Zimbabwe, the Johane Marange Apostolic church. The Johane Marange Apostolic Church resists internationally accepted biomedical practices and social-cultural interventions in the fight against hiv and aids. The church resists these practices and interventions primarily because of its traditional Biblical interpretation. This paper argues that the church’s rejection of biomedicine and its promotion of deleterious marriage practices hamper Zimbabwe’s fight against aids. It advocates for a paradigm shift in the religious beliefs and practices of the Johane Marange Apostolic church including the valuing of girls’ and women’s education as part of the solution to overcome aids.

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10

Chireshe, Excellent, and Regis Chireshe. "Monogamous marriage in Zimbabwe: An insurance against HIV and AIDS?" Agenda 25, no. 1 (January 2011): 93–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10130950.2011.575588.

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11

Machingura, Francis. "The Significance of Glossolalia in the Apostolic Faith Mission, Zimbabwe." Studies in World Christianity 17, no. 1 (April 2011): 12–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/swc.2011.0003.

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This study seeks to look at the meaning and significance of Glossolalia 1 in the Apostolic Faith Mission in Zimbabwe. 2 This paper has also been influenced by debates surrounding speaking in tongues in most of the Pentecostal churches in general and the Apostolic Faith Mission in Zimbabwe in particular. It was the Apostolic Faith Mission (AFM) that brought Pentecostalism to Zimbabwe. 3 The paper situates the phenomenon of glossolalia in the Zimbabwean socio-economic, spiritual, and cultural understanding. The Pentecostal teachings on the meaning and significance of speaking in tongues have caused a stir in psychological, linguistics, sociological, anthropological, ethnographical, philological, cultural, and philosophical debates. Yet those in the Apostolic Faith Mission in Zimbabwe argue that their concept of glossolalia is biblically rooted. Surprisingly non-glossolalist Christians also use the Bible to dismiss the pneumatic claims by Pentecostals. The emphasis on speaking in tongues in the AFM has rendered Zimbabwean ‘mainline’ churches like Anglicans, Catholics and Methodists as meaningless. This is the same with African Indigenous Churches which have also been painted with ‘fault-lines’, giving an upper hand to AFM in adding up to its ballooning number of followers. This is as a result of their restorationist perspective influenced by the history of the Pentecostal Churches that views all non-Pentecostal churches as having fallen from God's intentions through compromise and sin. The AFM just like other Pentecostal churches in Zimbabwe exhibit an aggressive assault and intolerance toward certain aspects of the African culture, which they label as tradition, 4 for example, traditional customs, like paying homage to ancestral spirits (Kurova Guva or bringing back the spirit of the dead ceremony), and marriage customs (polygamy, kusungira or sanctification of the first born ritual). The movement has managed to rid itself of the dominance of the male adults and the floodgates were opened to young men and women, who are the victims of traditional patriarchy. Besides glossolalia being one of the pillars of AFM doctrines, the following also bear some importance: personal testimonies, tithing, church weddings, signs/miracles, evangelism and prosperity theology.

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Ingwani, Viola, Shamiso Iline Chingombe, Loveness Chindanya, and Sarah Moyo. "Psycho-Social Effects of Teenage Pregnancy in Masvingo Province, Zimbabwe." IRA-International Journal of Management & Social Sciences (ISSN 2455-2267) 7, no. 1 (May 10, 2017): 96. http://dx.doi.org/10.21013/jmss.v7.n1.p11.

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<div><p><em>This qualitative research design focused on the psychological effects of teenage pregnancy in Masvingo Zimbabwe. In depth interviews were employed for data collection .The sample compromised five school girls with friends who dropped out of school due to teenage pregnancy, five girl child drop outs and three elders knowledgeable in Shona culture. The analysis was concerned with the attitudes of Shona society on teenage pregnancy and dropping out of school; in particular the girls’ family, the girls’ prospective in-laws, her school peers and the church. Findings revealed the trauma that the pregnant girl-child faces. It was noted that she suffers rejection, isolation, shame and low self esteem. Furthermore due to economic hardships the boys responsible for the pregnancy are not economically ready to start a family. Prospective in-laws discourage marriage because they feel that their boy children are not ready for marriage and are being taken advantage of. Recommendations were made that the family and the society should take a more supportive role when faced with pregnant teenagers.</em></p></div>

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Makaudze, Godwin. "WOMEN, WEALTH GENERATION AND PROPERTY OWNERSHIP IN TRADITIONAL SHONA CULTURE IN ZIMBABWE." Latin American Report 30, no. 2 (July 20, 2016): 18–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.25159/0256-6060/1237.

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Feminist scholarship is awash with literature that strives to vindicate its position that women in general have never enjoyed status and platforms equal to those of their male counterparts in the social, economic, religious and political spheres in life. The literature bemoans the invisibility of women in matters to do with economics and property ownership. The literature further posits that women neither wielded any power nor had any platforms for the generation and accumulation of wealth or the ownership of property. Leaning on Africana Womanist theory, this paper contends that such a perception is the antithesis of what actually takes place in the Shona milieu where, traditionally, women have, not just platforms to generate and accrue personal wealth, but have also authority over the use and disposal of such wealth. Avenues for the generation and accumulation of wealth and other property by Shona women range from marriage negotiations, the institution of marriage itself as well as the family, working using one’s hands and commanding positions of leadership.

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14

Coldham, Simon. "The Government of Zimbabwe's White Paper on Marriage and Inheritance, 1993." Journal of African Law 38, no. 1 (1994): 67–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021855300011487.

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Far from heralding a comprehensive and long-overdue reform of the law relating to marriage and inheritance in Zimbabwe, this White Paper is a modest document, only seven pages long, which largely restricts itself to considering the extent to which the law of intestate succession applicable to a person’s estate should depend on the type of marriage into which the deceased had entered. Even so, the issues raised are controversial and the government clearly wishes to stimulate public debate and to receive suggestions from all quarters before formulating its policy. It appears that the paper has succeeded in generating interest as well as some harsh criticism.

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Schumacher, C., C. Nyamukapa, G. Garnett, and S. Gregson. "P1-S5.19 Marriage dissolution and HIV prevalence in rural Zimbabwe 2003-2008." Sexually Transmitted Infections 87, Suppl 1 (July 1, 2011): A182. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/sextrans-2011-050108.197.

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Muchacha, Munyaradzi, and Abel Blessings Matsika. "Developmental Social Work: a Promising Practice to Address Child Marriage in Zimbabwe." Journal of Human Rights and Social Work 3, no. 1 (October 26, 2017): 3–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s41134-017-0042-3.

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Peta, Christine. "The ‘Sacred’ Institution of Marriage: The Case of Disabled Women in Zimbabwe." Sexuality and Disability 35, no. 1 (November 5, 2016): 45–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11195-016-9463-7.

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18

Meekers, Dominique. "The Noble Custom of Roora: The Marriage Practices of the Shona of Zimbabwe." Ethnology 32, no. 1 (1993): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3773544.

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19

Cremin, I., P. Mushati, T. Hallett, Z. Mupambireyi, C. Nyamukapa, G. P. Garnett, and S. Gregson. "Measuring trends in age at first sex and age at marriage in Manicaland, Zimbabwe." Sexually Transmitted Infections 85, Suppl 1 (April 1, 2009): i34—i40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/sti.2008.033431.

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Luseno, Winnie Kavulani, Lei Zhang, Bonita J. Iritani, Shane Hartman, Simbarashe Rusakaniko, and Denise Dion Hallfors. "Influence of school support on early marriage experiences and health services utilization among young orphaned women in Zimbabwe." Health Care for Women International 38, no. 3 (May 21, 2016): 283–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07399332.2016.1191494.

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21

Kanjanda, Offard, and Getrude Vongai Chiparange. "The Effects of Early Girl-Child Marriage in Mutasa District- Manicaland Province: A Cases Of Samanga ‘A’Ward in Honde Valley." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 12, no. 11 (April 27, 2016): 539. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2016.v12n11p539.

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Girl-child marriages in the developing countries of the world have caused a lot of suffering on the girl-children. According to Giddens (2009) issues of poverty, cultural practices, and political instability and gender inequalities have been noted as some of the major causes of girl-child marriages in developing countries. The situation has caused great concern to the communities of the global village because of the serious damages on the victims. Gage (2011) states that the status quo was exacerbated by the historical gender inequalities that continue to exist within families systems and place the girl-child an inferior citizen in her country. The girl-child remained vulnerable and segregated particularly, in educational advancement which is the key to self-empowerment, knowledge and skills development because of the high rate of girl-child marriage in the area. It appears there is little significant research on the matter in the developing countries. In order to establish some strategies to promote the girl-child’s life-skills a study was conducted in Samanga ‘A’ in Honde Valley in Manicaland Province- Zimbabwe. From a population of 1500 a sample size of 100 participants was selected using the cluster, systematic and purposive techniques because of their appropriateness to the two paradigms (Punch, 2009). Cluster technique was employed because the participants lived in different kraal-heads. The systematic technique was engaged because the participants were selected from every tenth household in each of the five kraal-heads. The purposive technique was used to select the influential participants such as local community leaders and the victims of early girl-child marriage. Marshall and Roseman (2006) support that purposive technique in qualitative study because the participants are powerful sources of information that is needed. Both qualitative and the quantitative paradigms were used in the study because some aspects of the study required simple response, while some of the questions demanded the participants’ in-depth knowledge on the problem (Newman, 2010). A case study methodology was adopted because of its ability to focus on a specific issue in a concerned area (Croll, 2010). Data were collected through the use of direct observation, questionnaire with both open and closed ended questions and interviews. The data were descriptively analysed. The research revealed that the prevalence of early girl-child marriage was perpetuated by the society’s cultural deprivation ideology which has since seen the girl-child discriminated in her efforts for self - empowerment through education. The study recommended that there is need for the government to enforce and implement gender-sensitive policies which aim at protecting the girl-child in-order to enhance economic, social, cultural and political transformation for sustainable development in the community.

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Christiansen, Lene Bull. "‘Respectable Women’ versus ‘Small Houses’: Feminist Negotiations of Sexual Morality, Marriage and the Challenge of HIV/AIDS in Zimbabwe." Journal of Southern African Studies 39, no. 3 (September 2013): 511–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03057070.2013.826069.

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Zirima, Herbert. "Father absence and sexual partner preference amongst women in Masvingo urban, Zimbabwe." Global Journal of Psychology Research: New Trends and Issues 10, no. 1 (March 31, 2020): 85–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.18844/gjpr.v10i1.4116.

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Father absence is a trend that has been on the surge globally and locally, and its effects can be felt in children’s lives up to adulthood. This study sought to explore how father absence mediates sexual partner preference amongst women who would have grown without their biological fathers. This was achieved by comparing the sexual partner preferences of women who grew up without fathers against those who grew up with their fathers. A quantitative approach was taken, particularly employing an ex post facto research design. A one-stage cluster sampling strategy was used to select 392 women, who participated in this study. Of the 392 participants, 168 were women who had grown up in father-absent homes, whereas the remaining 224 had grown up with a resident father. A standardised instrument, the mate preference questionnaire, was used to collect data. This study revealed that father absence influences the preference of a sexual partner, particularly the age gap with the preferred romantic partner, physical aspects of the sexual partner and values about chastity. Women who grew up in fatherless homes showed a preference for good looks and masculinity in a romantic over issues such as good financial prospect and ambitiousness and industriousness. The most preferred characteristic expressed by women who emerged from father-absent homes was that the romantic partner should be a father figure. This study recommends that voluntary organisations that promote fatherhood programs should be set up to raise awareness on the importance of fathering. Moreover, future research should explore the impact of father absence amongst married women so as to ascertain if father absence affects relationships within a marriage. Keywords: Partner preference, father absence, romantic partner, women, relationship.

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CHIKOVORE, JEREMIAH, GUNILLA LINDMARK, LENNARTH NYSTROM, MICHAEL T. MBIZVO, and BETH MAINA AHLBERG. "THE HIDE-AND-SEEK GAME: MEN’S PERSPECTIVES ON ABORTION AND CONTRACEPTIVE USE WITHIN MARRIAGE IN A RURAL COMMUNITY IN ZIMBABWE." Journal of Biosocial Science 34, no. 3 (July 2002): 317–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932002003176.

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This paper is based on a study aimed at understanding the perceptions of men to induced abortion and contraceptive use within marriage in rural Zimbabwe. Two qualitative methods were combined. Men were found to view abortion not as a reproductive health problem for women. Instead, they described abortion as a sign of illicit sexual activity and contraceptive use as a strategy married women use to conceal their involvement in extramarital sexual activity. Men felt anxious and vulnerable for lack of control over women. In the absence of verbal communication on sexual matters, women and men resort to what are called here ‘hide-and-seek’ strategies, where women acquire and use contraceptives secretly while men search for evidence of such use. It is concluded that promoting women’s sexual and reproductive health requires both short- and long-term strategies. The short-term strategy would entail providing women with reproductive technology they can use without risking violence. The long-term strategy would entail understanding men’s concerns and the way these are manifested. In turn this requires the use of methodologies that encourage dialogue with research participants, in order to capture their deep meanings and experiences.

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Ngonidzashe, Mutanana, and Gasva Douglas. "Community Perceptions on Marriage and Family Counselling: A Survey on Married Couples in Hintonville Community of Chegutu in Mashonaland West Province of Zimbabwe." Greener Journal of Social Sciences 4, no. 5 (September 20, 2014): 154–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.15580/gjss.2014.5.012914074.

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Varela Tembra, Juan José. "DORIS LESSING’S THE GRASS IS SINGING: AN APOLOGY OF THE RHODHESIAN SOCIETY AS A POSTCOLONIAL PSYCHOSOCIAL DRAMA." RAUDEM. Revista de Estudios de las Mujeres 1 (May 22, 2017): 258. http://dx.doi.org/10.25115/raudem.v1i0.576.

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ResumenDoris Lessing, one of the most significant postcolonial writers, made her debut as a novelist with The Grass Is Singing (1950). The novel examines the relationship between Mary Turner, a white farmer’s wife, and her black African servant in Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe) during the 1940s. The novel does not only deal with racial politics between whites and blacks, but also explores feminist issues. Moreover, the description of Mary Turner merits closer examination on account of Lessing’s incomparable depictions of the female psyche in the midst of restrictions imposed by gender, race and class. Core themes of the novel include a failed marriage, the sexual obsessions mainly on the part of whites, and the fear of black power and revenge which still obtain today while the British Colonial past is only a memory.Key words: Rhodesia, feminism, racism, colonialism, postcolonial, social issues Titulo en español: The Grass Is Singing de Doris Lessing: una apología de la sociedad de Rodesia como drama postcolonial psicosocialResumen: Una de las escritores poscoloniales más relevantes, Doris Lessing, comenzó su carrera como novelista con The Grass Is Singing (1950). La novela examina la relación entre María Turner, esposa de un granjero blanco y su sirviente negro africano en Rodesia, actual Zimbabue, durante la década de los años 40 del pasado siglo. La novela no sólo trata de la política racial entre blancos y negros, sino también explora temas feministas. Sin embargo, la descripción que Lessing nos proporciona de Mary Turner aporta una perspectiva única, un examen detenido de la psique femenina en medio de situaciones de raza, sexo y sexo, la raza y problemática social. Los motivos internos de la novela nos muestran una temática en torno a un matrimonio fracasado, la obsesión por la sexualidad, mayoritariamente por parte de los blancos, y el miedo al poder negro y a la venganza; algo todavía muy válido en la actualidad cuando el pasado colonial británico sólo permanece como un legado.Palabras clave: Rodesia, feminismo, racismo, colonialismo, postcolonialismo, temas sociales.

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Mangombe, Aveneni, Philip Owiti, Bernard Madzima, Sinokuthemba Xaba, Talent M. Makoni, Kudakwashe C. Takarinda, Collins Timire, et al. "Does peer education go beyond giving reproductive health information? Cohort study in Bulawayo and Mount Darwin, Zimbabwe." BMJ Open 10, no. 3 (March 2020): e034436. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-034436.

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ObjectivePeer education is an intervention within the voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC)–adolescent sexual reproductive health (ASRH) linkages project in Bulawayo and Mount Darwin, Zimbabwe since 2016. Little is known if results extend beyond increasing knowledge. We therefore assessed the extent of and factors affecting referral by peer educators and receipt of HIV testing services (HTS), contraception, management of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and VMMC services by young people (10–24 years) counselled.DesignA cohort study involving all young people counselled by 95 peer educators during October–December 2018, through secondary analysis of routinely collected data.SettingAll ASRH and VMMC sites in Mt Darwin and Bulawayo.ParticipantsAll young people counselled by 95 peer educators.Outcome measuresCensor date for assessing receipt of services was 31 January 2019. Factors (clients’ age, gender, marital and schooling status, counselling type, location, and peer educators’ age and gender) affecting non-referral and non-receipt of services (dependent variables) were assessed by log-binomial regression. Adjusted relative risks (aRRs) were calculated.ResultsOf the 3370 counselled (66% men), 65% were referred for at least one service. 58% of men were referred for VMMC. Other services had 5%–13% referrals. Non-referral for HTS decreased with clients’ age (aRR: ~0.9) but was higher among group-counselled (aRR: 1.16). Counselling by men (aRR: 0.77) and rural location (aRR: 0.61) reduced risks of non-referral for VMMC, while age increased it (aRR ≥1.59). Receipt of services was high (64%–80%) except for STI referrals (39%). Group counselling and rural location (aRR: ~0.52) and male peer educators (aRR: 0.76) reduced the risk of non-receipt of VMMC. Rural location increased the risk of non-receipt of contraception (aRR: 3.18) while marriage reduced it (aRR: 0.20).ConclusionWe found varying levels of referral ranging from 5.1% (STIs) to 58.3% (VMMC) but high levels of receipt of services. Type of counselling, peer educators’ gender and location affected receipt of services. We recommend qualitative approaches to further understand reasons for non-referrals and non-receipt of services.

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Kurebwa, Jeffrey, and Nyasha Yvonne Kurebwa. "Child Marriages in Rural Zimbabwe." International Journal of Civic Engagement and Social Change 5, no. 1 (January 2018): 40–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijcesc.2018010103.

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The objectives of this article was to understand the causes, effects and measures to reduce child marriages in rural Zimbabwe. Child marriages have serious social, economic, health and political implications on young girls and their communities. Young girls are also robbed of their locally and internationally recognised rights. Ending child marriages demands a multi-sectoral approach where all actors, such as parents, national governments, non-governmental organisations (NGOs), local culture, and religion are involved. This article relies on qualitative methodology to gather data. Purposive sampling and snow ball sampling methods were used to identify key informants and women who were victims of child marriages. Stakeholders involved in children's rights should provide reproductive health and education services to local communities in order to end child marriages.

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Gwatimba, Leah, Nanga Raymond Raselekoane, and Anthony O. Nwafor. "Customary Marriages and Gender Equality : Zimbabwean and South African Perspectives." African Journal of Gender, Society and Development (formerly Journal of Gender, Information and Development in Africa) 10, no. 2 (June 1, 2021): 41–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.31920/2634-3622/2021/v10n2a3.

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Patriarchy continues to place limitations on women’s rights in many societies. This is manifested by the unequal gender power relations between sexes, which also adversely impact women’s sexual and reproductive health rights. Using the key human rights principles of non-discrimination and gender equality, the study aimed to analyse gender equality within the sexual and reproductive health domain in customary marriages from the Zimbabwean and South African perspectives. The study was qualitative, conducted in Makwarela (South Africa) and Concession (Zimbabwe) with 16 participants using semi-structured interviews to collect data which were analysed using narrative analysis. The study established that there are restrictive gender norms that negatively affect the interaction of women with the health system, thereby producing negative health outcomes. The study recommends that women be empowered educationally, politically and financially so that they can make their own decisions regarding their health and well-being.

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Hallfors, Denise Dion, Bonita J. Iritani, Lei Zhang, Shane Hartman, Winnie K. Luseno, Elias Mpofu, and Simbarashe Rusakaniko. "‘I thought if I marry the prophet I would not die’: The significance of religious affiliation on marriage, HIV testing, and reproductive health practices among young married women in Zimbabwe." SAHARA-J: Journal of Social Aspects of HIV/AIDS 13, no. 1 (January 2016): 178–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17290376.2016.1245627.

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Mugweni, Esther, Stephen Pearson, and Mayeh Omar. "Traditional gender roles, forced sex and HIV in Zimbabwean marriages." Culture, Health & Sexuality 14, no. 5 (May 2012): 577–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13691058.2012.671962.

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Thebe, Phillip. "DETERMINANTS OF FEMINIZATION OF MIGRATION IN TSHOLOTSHO DISTRICT OF ZIMBABWE." Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal 6, no. 10 (October 29, 2019): 297–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/assrj.610.7297.

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Tsholotsho District is one of the most significant contributors of migrants in Zimbabwe. Until recently, many of these migrants have been males, with females remaining behind assuming both feminine and masculine roles. Of late, however, females are increasingly venturing in migration expeditions. Why is this the case? Are women taking up economic roles in a society that has largely relegated them to familial responsibilities? What determines their increasing participation in a male dominated practice? These questions are answered in this paper based on a research conducted in Ward 5 of Tsholotsho District in 2016 as well as continued interaction with interlocutors till present day. The results indicated that reasons for feminized migration cut across different realms such as fleeing unfavourable economic conditions, to unite with their migrant spouses, to contribute towards diversifying household income sources, and fleeing unhappy marriages and burdensome familial controls among others. This led the researcher to firmly conclude that feminization of migration is a new reality and future of Tsholotsho’s migration trajectory, one that will be accompanied by resultant problems and opportunities. It will require therefore, careful migration management systems in the country to harness the benefits of this migration typology while offsetting the possible problems.

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Manwa, Lilian. "Influence of Divorce on Academic Performance of Female Scholars in Masvingo High Schools and Colleges, Zimbabwe." IRA International Journal of Education and Multidisciplinary Studies (ISSN 2455-2526) 8, no. 1 (July 27, 2017): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.21013/jems.v8.n1.p3.

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The aim of this study was to establish the influence of divorce<strong> </strong>on academic performance of female scholars in Masvingo High Schools and Colleges, Zimbabwe. This interpretive inquiry involved a descriptive survey in order to find out the influence of divorce on the academic performance of female students. In-depth interviews and open-ended questionnaires were used to collect data from forty participants from ten high schools and two colleges. A sample of forty participants was purposively selected from all the institutions. Early teen marriages were established as one of the major causes of divorce as young brides and grooms fail to understand the level of commitment they are expected of. Drug abuse, infidelity, lack of communication, poverty and migration were the factors that caused divorce. The study revealed that divorce like death causes grief and pain to the people involved especially females. It was noted that it is one of the major causes of stress and negatively impacts on academic performance of female scholars. The findings also revealed that most of the study time is spend trying to solve or adjust to the new life style. The study recommends that both the international and national communities to seriously look into the effects of divorce on scholars with the aim of trying to reduce the rate of divorce and its effects on people involved. Legislations that are pro women should be in place as they also severely punish culprits who recklessly break their marriages.

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Manamere, Kundai Tichagwa. "Majoni-joni – Wayward Criminals or a Good Catch?" African Diaspora 7, no. 1 (2014): 89–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18725465-00701005.

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This article explores how intense cross-border flows of young Zimbabwean men across the border into South Africa are reworking ideas of masculinity and marriage in rural sending communities. It examines moral discourse in rural Chiredzi over these issues, exploring performances of masculinity on the part of returning male labour migrants themselves, the evaluations and agency of young women who enter into relationships with them, and the views of rural elders whose derogatory opinions of the youth of today are underpinned by romanticised versions of respectable labour migration in the past. Even during the crisis period, I argue that cross-border migrancy was about more than simply work: young people’s decisions and mobility in desperate economic times are deeply enmeshed with their sexuality and aspirations towards marriage, the future and the quest for respectable adulthood. By scrutinising polarised stereotypes of majoni-joni as either wayward criminals or a good catch, the article reveals more complex realities shaped by class, types of work and levels of education, providing a nuanced picture of the moral economies of migrancy, marriage and sexuality as these are debated and enacted in rural Chiredzi. The circulation of both stereotypes of majoni-joni matters: the derogatory view underpins elders’ efforts to control youthful sexualities, particularly those of young women, while the positive view underpins young people’s own dreams for a better future and attempts to seek out opportunities to fulfil them.

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Mudyiwa, Misheck. "Light of Life Christian Group as a New Religious Movement in Zimbabwe." Exchange 44, no. 2 (June 8, 2015): 144–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1572543x-12341356.

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The birth and rapid growth of new religious movements in Zimbabwe is a marked phenomenon in the history of Christianity in Africa. Ever since the Reformation that split the Western Church in the 16th century, a number of efforts have since been made by various new religious movements to try and foster ecumenism amongst the deeply divided ecclesiastical communities. Whilst great strides have since been made in critical areas such as common witnessing, inter-religious dialogue, common prayers, mixed marriages, ecumenism in faculties of theology, among other areas, one key element of ecumenism, namely, the common celebration of the Eucharist has always remained very remote and a no go area. To a greater extent, the Roman Catholic authorities in particular have been accused of dragging their feet or taking a ‘distant and detached’ approach to the same practice.1 This current article specifically examines the Light of Life Christian Group’s (llcg) vision of ecumenism, particularly its practice of Eucharistic intercommunion that dates back to the early 1970s. The main argument developed in this article is that, whilst llcg may stand in sharp opposition to the traditional Christian (particularly Catholic) view with regard to sharing the Eucharist with non-Catholics and norms governing the formation of public associations, it has made a breakthrough in the realization of the highest goal of ecumenism. To a greater extent, it has also succeeded in uniting the various denominations that for centuries had been separated by doctrine, history and practice. The article also argues that whilst llcg’s breakthrough is of pinnacle importance in the history of Christianity in Zimbabwe in particular, it is also unique in the sense that, instead of starting from above, from popes and bishops as is always expected and canonically constituted, the breakthrough has started from below.

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Dziva, Cowen, and Delis Mazambani. "The Constitutional Court Ruling against Child Marriages in Zimbabwe: A Landmark Decision for Advancing the Rights of the Girl Child." Eastern Africa Social Science Research Review 33, no. 1 (2017): 73–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/eas.2017.0003.

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Mugweni, E., M. Omar, and S. Pearson. "Understanding barriers to safer sex practice in Zimbabwean marriages: implications for future HIV prevention interventions." Health Education Research 30, no. 3 (December 12, 2014): 388–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/her/cyu073.

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Musoni, Phillip. "White garment churches (Vapositori) and ZANU-PF party politics in Zimbabwe: True marriage or marriage of convenience during and post-Mugabe era." HTS Teologiese Studies / Theological Studies 75, no. 1 (November 29, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/hts.v75i1.5412.

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The white garment churches’ (Vapositori) involvement in party politics, particularly in favour of ZANU-PF, continued to flourish in Zimbabwe even after the demise of Mugabe. Robert Gabriel Mugabe ruled Zimbabwe from 1980 until he was deposed by the Zimbabwean Army on 21 November 2017. Unlike other Christian boards in Zimbabwe, the Vapositori churches played a significant role in authenticating and validating the continuation of ZANU-PF holding onto power from 1980 till the present even after the removal of Mugabe. This article describes the relationship between ZANU-PF and Vapositori analogically as a marriage. This article posited that this marriage between Vapositori and the ruling ZANU-PF political party did not end with Mugabe. President Emmerson Dambudzo Mnangagwa and his vice president, Constantino Kuvheya Chiwenga, are seen masquerading Vapositori by attending and addressing Vapositori church gatherings. Thus, this article interrogates whether the marriage between Vapositori and ZANU-PF was borne out of real love or is just a marriage of convenience. Moreover, if it’s a marriage of convenience then who controls whom and why? These and other related questions require a critical investigation to deepen our understanding of the ‘Church and politics’ in Zimbabwe during and after the Mugabe era.

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"ZIMBABWE: A Forced Marriage." Africa Research Bulletin: Political, Social and Cultural Series 46, no. 1 (February 2009): 17826C—17829C. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-825x.2009.02147.x.

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Mujinga, Martin. "Towards redeeming marriage custom from ‘triangular captivity’: The missional dilemma of the Methodist Church in Zimbabwe." Verbum et Ecclesia 41, no. 1 (August 20, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/ve.v41i1.2067.

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Marriage in the Methodist Church in Zimbabwe (MCZ) is under siege. This scenario was bequeathed by the British imperialists. This siege is evident because the ecclesiastical theology of marriage in the MCZ is fastened on both African culture and the civil order. Firstly, marriage is anchored on African culture because the MCZ is an African church and it grows its mission using African epistemology. Secondly, marriage in the MCZ is affixed on civil authority because adult membership in the the MCZ is defined by being ‘properly married’ for those who have spouses. The triangular net is evident because marriage starts and proceeds culturally, the government legalises marriages and the MCZ uses marriage certificates to grow its membership, whilst the clergy solemnise marriages as government agents using the civil Marriage Act Chapter 5:11. The aim of this article was to investigate how the MCZ’s mission is informed by both African culture and civil order given that it regards marriage as the canon of adult membership, blousing of women and badging of men, participation in the sacrament of Holy Communion, confirmation into full membership, leadership positions, accredited as local preachers and acceptance into ministry. In responding to this aim, the article uses a qualitative research method to interrogate the MCZ policy books and minutes of conferences that address the theology of marriage. The research will conclude by challenging the MCZ to come up with a theology of marriage that unties itself from the cultural and civil net of this rite to interpret its ecclesial mission.Intradisciplinary and/or interdisciplinary implications: This article is interdisciplinary in the sense that it addresses the issues of ecclesiology, missiology, theology, African culture, gender, church polity and the power of civil authority. The research calls the MCZ to define its marriage theology not contaminated by civil ideologies and African philosophy.

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Thupayagale-Tshweneagae, Gloria B., Kesiwe Phuthi, and Olabisi Fatimo Ibitoye. "Patterns and Dynamics of Sexual Violence among Married Adolescents in Zimbabwe." Africa Journal of Nursing and Midwifery 21, no. 2 (December 20, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.25159/2520-5293/6455.

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Getting married in adolescence is common in most parts of Africa. It has in many cases salient direct links with sexual violence among adolescents. Sexual violence and the vulnerabilities of adolescents have been reported in literature. However, the patterns and dynamics of sexual violence among married adolescents are not known or have not been fully studied. The purpose of this study was to explore the patterns and dynamics of sexual violence among married adolescents. A qualitative approach using in-depth interviews was used in the study. A total of 15 married adolescents were recruited through purposive snowball sampling in one rural district of Zimbabwe. Braun and Clarke’s six-step thematic analysis framework was used for data analysis. Three major themes emerged, namely sexual control, rape, and forced marriage. Each theme had three sub-themes. The study confirms what has already been reported in the literature that marriage at a young age has a correlation with sexual violence. There is therefore a need to strengthen family education on the effects of early marriages.

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Ndhlovu, Ntandokayise, and Adebola Olaborede. "The aftermath of Mudzuru & Another v The Minister of Justice, Legal and Parliamentary Affairs & Others: Legal mechanisms as tools against child marriage in Zimbabwe." Journal of Law, Society and Development 5, no. 1 (December 31, 2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.25159/2520-9515/7069.

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This article examines the recent ruling of Mudzuru & Another v The Minister of Justice, Legal and Parliamentary Affairs & Others regarding the harmful practice of child marriage and the impact of the role of the courts and other legal instruments as mechanisms to curb the vice in Zimbabwe. Despite the variety of international, regional and domestic laws protecting children, child marriage remains a recurring practice in Zimbabwe. This article therefore examines the practice of child marriage, which is often done under the pretext of culture and religion, and considers the question of whether the landmark ruling and legal instruments imposing obligations on Zimbabwe have had an impact inter alia on the protection of child rights against harmful practices and, more importantly, in combating the scourge. On the one hand, the article finds that legal means play a very important role in combating the vice. On the other, it also finds that there is no single strategy to combat the recurring practice of child marriage in the country. Hence it is paramount that any strategy which seeks to deal with the harmful practice of child marriage must include both legal and non-legal mechanisms. This is because the harmful practice is reinforced by deep multifaceted and interrelated factors beyond the merely legal inconsistencies that existed in the legislative framework.

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Vengesayi, Priccilar. "LOBOLA (BRIDE PRICE) CULTURE AND THE EQUALITY OF WOMEN IN ZIMBABWE." Pretoria Student Law Review, no. 12 (2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.29053/pslr.v12i.1887.

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This paper seeks to examine the effects of lobola custom on the status of women and their right to equality. It argues that lobola creates a hierarchy in the marriage institution which forms the basis for unequal power relations between husbands and wives. In its form and procedure, lobola perpetuates the subjugation of women to men. Women are subjected to control by men. This violates equal rights enshrined in Section 56 of the Constitution of Zimbabwe, Amendment (No 20) Act, 2013 (hereinafter referred to as 2013 Zimbabwean Constitution).

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Muzvidziwa, Victor Ngonidzashe. "Marriage as a survival strategy: The case of Masvingo, Zimbabwe." Zambezia: The Journal of Humanities of the University of Zimbabwe. 28, no. 2 (February 1, 2001). http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/zjh.v28i2.6763.

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Shumba, Sibiziwe, and Christina Landman. "Towards the inculturation of marriage rituals in the National Baptist Convention of Zimbabwe." HTS Teologiese Studies / Theological Studies 75, no. 1 (December 13, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/hts.v75i1.5432.

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Mugandani, Viola, and Dorette Vermeulen. "JANGWA WEDDING SONGS AMONG THE MANYIKA PEOPLE OF ZIMBABWE: CULTURAL MEANINGS AND FUNCTIONS CONVEYED THROUGH SONG LYRICS." Southern African Journal for Folklore Studies 26, no. 1 (September 21, 2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.25159/1016-8427/565.

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Jangwa music is indigenous to the Manyika people of Zimbabwe. African societies carefully craft song texts for different contexts to serve a functional and educational purpose, and an investigation was undertaken to explore the ways in which this is embodied through jangwa wedding music. The aim of this article is to discuss the cultural meanings and functions conveyed through song lyrics amongst the Manyika people of Zimbabwe. Since the young generation no longer values traditional music being performed at weddings, 150 elderly Manyika people acted as key informants, performing jangwa songs of which they had extensive knowledge and experience.Data collection strategies included participant observation, in-depth interviews and focus-group discussions. Most jangwa wedding songs have a positive outlook and encouragement for the newly-weds, while other songs are more critical and warn of the possible pitfalls in marriage. Findings revealed that the majority of jangwa wedding songs focus on the role of brides and married women as a whole, signifying the pivotal role they play within the Manyika society. Active participation in indigenous African musical arts is diminishing, therefore a concerted effort is needed to ensure that jangwa wedding music is revived and documented for future generations.

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Madambi, Sanction. "Breaking the Shackles of Gender Stereotyping to Create New Norms: The Case of Zimbabwean Migrant Women in Mthatha Town." Gender Questions 8, no. 1 (May 29, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.25159/2412-8457/6847.

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The migration of Zimbabweans into South Africa is shaped by several factors and processes. Traditionally, the decision to migrate was mostly based on family considerations (where gender stereotypic roles were a priority), although in some cases the migrants exercised individualism and personal agency. This led to migration trends that were male dominated. Current Zimbabwean migration trends reflect large volumes of women as the socio-economic crisis forces them to leave their country. These migrant women encounter a myriad of challenges in their host countries. This paper explores Zimbabwean women’s migration to the town of Mthatha in South Africa, highlighting their challenges and the strategies they employ to overcome these, as found in a recent case study. Applying a qualitative research design and using questionnaires and interviews to gather data from the 100 purposively sampled women, the study found that many Zimbabwean migrant women in Mthatha encountered numerous challenges. They lacked the required documents to live and work in South Africa, experienced exploitation and marriage constraints, and had broken ties with their families back in Zimbabwe. According to the study, these women managed to navigate these challenges, rising above the stereotypic norms and values that used to label them as non-productive citizens to superheroes who were supporting their families and the country’s economy—thus breaking the shackles of gender stereotyping to create new norms. These findings underline the importance of shifting from the traditional approaches to women migration and pursuing perspectives that present migration as a critical component of the process of social change and development to all migrants.

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Mwambene, Lea. "Recent legal responses to child marriage in Southern Africa: The case of Zimbabwe, South Africa and Malawi." African Human Rights Law Journal 18, no. 2 (2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/1996-2096/2018/v18n2a5.

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Mushonga, Rufaro Hamish, and Vupenyu Dzingirai. "Marriage of convenience as a strategy of integration and accumulation among Nigerian migrant entrepreneurs in Harare, Zimbabwe." African Identities, July 29, 2020, 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14725843.2020.1796588.

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"Marriage Discord and Social Media Platforms among Couples: A Case Study of One Selected High-Density Suburb in Marondera, Zimbabwe." International Journal of Humanities, Social Sciences and Education 8, no. 4 (2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.20431/2349-0381.0804008.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Marriage – Zimbabwe'

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