Relevant bibliographies by topics / Married women – Employment – Germany

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Married women – Employment – Germany'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 March 2023
Last updated: 19 July 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Married women – Employment – Germany"

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Cristina Samper and Michaela Kreyenfeld. "Marriage migration and women's entry into the German labour market." Journal of Family Research 33, no. 2 (2021): 439–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.20377/jfr-491.

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Objective: We analyse the employment patterns of childless first-generation migrants to Germany. In particular, we focus on the behaviour of female "marriage migrants". Marriage migrants are defined as individuals who married after their spouse had moved to Germany.
 Background: Demographic studies have illustrated that marriage migrants have particularly high childbirth rates upon arrival. There is, however, little empirical evidence on how the childbearing behaviour of migrant women is related to their employment behaviour.
 Method: We use event history techniques to study women's
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Afary, Janet, and Roger Friedland. "Critical theory, authoritarianism, and the politics of lipstick from the Weimar Republic to the contemporary Middle East." Critical Research on Religion 6, no. 3 (2018): 243–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2050303218800374.

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In 2012–13, we signed up for Facebook in seven Middle East and North Africa (MENA) countries and used Facebook advertisements to encourage young people to participate in our survey. Nearly 18,000 individuals responded. Some of the questions in our survey dealing with attitudes about women’s work and cosmetics were adopted from a survey conducted by the Frankfurt School in 1929 in Germany. The German survey had shown that a great number of men, irrespective of their political affiliation harbored highly authoritarian attitudes toward women and that one sign of authoritarianism was men’s attitud
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FRANKEL., H. "THE EMPLOYMENT OF MARRIED WOMEN." Bulletin of the Oxford University Institute of Economics & Statistics 4, no. 9 (2009): 183–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0084.1942.mp4009002.x.

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Macpherson, David A. "Self-employment and married women." Economics Letters 28, no. 3 (1988): 281–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0165-1765(88)90132-2.

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Warren, Lynda W., and Lyla McEachren. "Derived Identity and Depressive Symptomatology in Women Differing in Marital and Employment Status." Psychology of Women Quarterly 9, no. 1 (1985): 133–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-6402.1985.tb00866.x.

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Derived identity, defined as a sense of self that is overly influenced by and dependent upon relationships with significant others, and depressive symptomatology, measured by the CES-D scale, were assessed in a sample of 564 adult women classified into one of six marital-employment status groups: married professional, single professional, married nonprofessional, single nonprofessional, married nonemployed, and single nonemployed. Married women were found to report more derived identity than single women and, when age effects were controlled, married women also had higher CES-D scores than sin
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Demoussis, Michael, and Nicholas Giannakopoulos. "Employment dynamics of Greek married women." International Journal of Manpower 29, no. 5 (2008): 423–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/01437720810888562.

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Jain, Bandana Kumari. "Employment Empowering Women: An Experience of Nepal." Tribhuvan University Journal 35, no. 2 (2020): 116–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/tuj.v35i2.36196.

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The study aims to examine the association between employment and the empowerment of Nepali currently married women. It harnesses women’s employment status and their empowerment; in terms of ‘household decision making’, ‘attitudes towards wife-beating’, and ownership of the house/land’ with the help of the Nepal Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS) 2016 data set. Married women’s employment exhibits a significant association (0.05) with their socio-demographic characteristics, and empowerment variables as well. The employment status of married women influences their household decision-making, an
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Khazanah, Uswatun, and Firmansyah Firmansyah. "Labor Supply Analysis: Case Study of Married Women Workers." Economics Development Analysis Journal 13, no. 2 (2024): 151–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/edaj.v13i2.78969.

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Women in the labor market contribute to labor as part of the production factors in economic activities. Women's participation in the labor market cannot be separated from their role and status in the family. Personal characteristics, socio-economic conditions, and demographics influence women's decisions to work. The research aim is to analyze the supply of married women workers in Indonesia. The data used is secondary data originating from Sakernas February 2022. The method used is Logit Regression. The variables used in this research are the supply of married women workers, location, househo
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August, Andrew. "How Separate a Sphere? Poor Women and Paid Work in Late-Victorian London." Journal of Family History 19, no. 3 (1994): 285–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/036319909401900305.

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The essay traces patterns of poor women's employment in late-nineteenth-century London. It shows that employment was common among single, married and widowed women, except among mothers of young children. Unpaid domestic work and paid employment dovetailed into a constant burden of work facing poor women. This challenges the prevalent argument that married women earned wages only at moments of severe crisis in the household economy. It reveals a culture of women's work among the poor that contrasts sharply with the ideology of separate spheres that excluded middle-class women from employment.
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Ngo, Hang-Yue. "Employment Status of Married Women in Hong Kong." Sociological Perspectives 35, no. 3 (1992): 475–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1389330.

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This paper examines the choices married women in Hong Kong make concerning their employment status. We attempt to relate such choices to wives' role constraints in the family. It is hypothesized that, given their primary responsibilities for child care and domestic labor, married women are likely to choose an employment status that best accomodates their familial obligations. The analysis of recent census data supports this expectation. Waged employment and self-employment are found to be in conflict with women's domestic responsibilities, whereas outworking and unpaid work in family enterpris
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Married women – Employment – Germany"

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Usuda, Akiko History &amp Philosophy Faculty of Arts &amp Social Sciences UNSW. "Inconsistencies and resistance: Japanese husbands?? views on employment of married women." Publisher:University of New South Wales. History & Philosophy, 2009. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/43313.

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This thesis investigates Japanese married men??s views on their wives?? employment and married women??s employment in general. I was inspired to undertake this study by the relatively low rate of wives, particularly mothers, in full-time employment in Japan. 291 Japanese husbands in Kawasaki and the Tokyo area answered the questionnaire. Their occupations were company employees, teachers and self-employed men and their ages ranged from the 20s to 50s. The results of my survey revealed that these Japanese husbands did not actively participate in housework and childcare. Their participation incr
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Ali, El-kharouf Amal Mahummed. "Factors influencing the employment of women, from the view of employed and non-employed women and managers in Amman City, Jordan." Thesis, University of Bradford, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.536647.

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Zhang, Huiping, and 张会平. "Relative income and marital quality among urban Chinese women: a meaning-oriented resource exchange model." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2011. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B46090241.

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Krieger, Magdalena. "A Gendered Look at Integration: The Employment of Immigrant Women and Men in Germany." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/22872.

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Weltweit migrieren Männer und Frauen, ihre Arbeitsmarktintegration ist jedoch grundsätzlich verschieden. Erklärungen hierfür sind bislang unzureichend. Daher entwickelt diese Dissertation ein Konzept zu Migration, Geschlecht und Erwerbstätigkeit, dessen Kernargument ist, dass sich Geschlechterunterschiede über die Immigration reproduzieren. Die Papiere der Dissertation testen drei Mechanismen, die diesen Prozess bedingen können. Im ersten Papier betrachtet diese Dissertation die folgende Frage: Wie wirken sich Dynamiken in den Migrationsentscheidungen von Paaren auf deren Erwerbstätigkeit aus?
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Xiang, Xiaoping, and 向小平. "The changing life experience of migration, intimacy and power among married female migrant workers in China: therise of dagongsao." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2011. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B47147155.

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Proulx, Francine Pamela. "The impact of farm women's external employment on farm and family functioning: a case study of Virginia." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/45922.

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<p>Many American farmers have faced financial stress in the early 1980s unprecedented since the Depression. Simultaneously, farm wives have joined the off-farm labor market at rates exceeding urban women. Since prior research has found different correlates of family functioning and of external employment for rural and urban families, this descriptive study of Virginia farm wives (N = 128) investigated the impact of farm wives' external employment on the functioning of the farm and the farm family. While the sample did not represent the total Virginia farm population, it did appear to r
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Krieger, Magdalena [Verfasser]. "A Gendered Look at Integration: The Employment of Immigrant Women and Men in Germany / Magdalena Krieger." Berlin : Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1233986252/34.

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Schnittger, Maureen H. "Role strain and coping among dual-career men and women across the family life cycle." Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/77831.

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Differences in role strain and coping across five family life cycle stages were assessed using responses from 329 dual-career women and men. MANOVA on role strain confirmed a significant effect by gender. Women reported a significantly higher level of personal role strain than men. Coping strategy use differed significantly by gender and life cycle stage. Women utilized the coping strategies Cognitive Restructuring, Delegating Responsibility, Limiting Responsibility, and Using Social Support significantly more often than men. Dual-career men and women without children at home used Balancing Wo
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Lappin, Chelsea Michelle. "‘Irreconcilable Differences’?: The Experiences of Middle-Class Women Combining Marriage and Work in Post-War English Speaking Canada (1945-1960)." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/38594.

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Following the Second World War, middle-class married women in English speaking Canada became for the first time a significant proportion of the labour force. Nonetheless, society still encouraged them to take up their domestic roles as housewives and mothers. They were subjected to discriminatory government policy, justified by traditional gender norms supported by academic research and popular social commentators. As a result, their lives became increasingly divorced from the prescriptions that encouraged them to remain at home. The differences meant that their work, and its associated challe
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Evans, Amelia. "The subjective well-being and experience of life roles of white employed married mothers: a multiple case study." Thesis, University of Port Elizabeth, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/290.

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The number of women who choose to combine careers and traditional roles as mothers has been increasing steadily over the last number of years. As a result, the subjective wellbeing of these women has been the focus of many research projects over the last number of years. Subjective well-being has been defined in various ways by different authors. One definition describes subjective well-being as people's evaluations of their lives, which includes happiness, pleasant emotions, life satisfaction, and a relative absence of unpleasant moods and emotions. The current study, which took the form of a
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Books on the topic "Married women – Employment – Germany"

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Untiedt, Gerhard. Das Erwerbsverhalten verheirateter Frauen in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland: Ein mikroökonometrische Untersuchung. Physica-Verlag, 1992.

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von, Schuttenbach Liliane, and Karlsen Ann-Cathrin, eds. Die Rolle der mittätigen Unternehmerfrauen in der mittelständischen Wirtschaft: Eine empirische Untersuchung in Baden-Württemberg. Physica-Verlag, 1996.

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Federspiel, Ruth. Soziale Mobilität im Berlin des zwanzigsten Jahrhunderts: Frauen und Männer in Berlin-Neukölln 1905-1957. W. de Gruyter, 1999.

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Klein, Viola. Britain;s married women workers. Routledge, 1998.

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Michaud, Pierre-Carl. Employment dynamics of married women in Europe. IZA, 2005.

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Narang, Sandhya. Coping with role-conflicts: Employed married women. M.D. Publications, 1996.

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Jones, Larry E. Why are married women working so much? Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis, 2003.

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Narang, Sandhya. Dilemma of married women teachers in India. Himanshu Publication, 1994.

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Wiesner, Merry E. Working women in Renaissance Germany. Rutgers University Press, 1986.

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Scarlett, Epstein T., ed. Women, work, and family inBritain and Germany. St. Martin's Press, 1986.

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Book chapters on the topic "Married women – Employment – Germany"

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Graham, Philip. "3. An Academic Marriage." In Susan Isaacs. Open Book Publishers, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.11647/obp.0297.03.

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Susan was not happy at Cambridge, where, for two years from 1912, she was attached to Newnham College. Compared to Manchester, she found it élitist and patriarchal. Her research project, a study of the use of imagery in spelling, was uninspiring, but she completed it over two years, and a peer-reviewed paper emerged from the findings. She was to carry out no further experimental work. In 1914, she obtained a post as Mistress of Method in the Infant Department of Darlington Training College. Here she made an impression on her students as a gifted, inspiring, demanding teacher. While at Manchester, Susan had begun a relationship with William Brierley, a brilliant botany student. They had many common interests. She had continued to visit him while at Cambridge and, during her year at Darlington, they decided to marry. At that time, it was not permitted for women to remain in employment after marriage, so in 1914 Susan resigned her job after a year. The couple lived in a suburb of Manchester for the first year of their married life, while they both worked in academic departments in the University there. Shortly after their marriage, war with Germany was declared and William enlisted. He was invalided out of the Army in 1916. In the meantime, he had been appointed to a post as a botanist in Kew Gardens. Shortly afterwards, in 1918, he was appointed Head of the Department of Mycology in the newly established agricultural research station in Rothamsted, Hertfordshire.
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Ma, Xinxin. "Market Wage, Child Care and the Employment of Married Women." In Female Employment and Gender Gaps in China. Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-6904-7_2.

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Buchholz-Will, Wiebke. "Why Do Women Organise Through Trade Unions in Germany?" In Computer-aided Manufacturing and Women’s Employment: The Clothing Industry in Four EC Countries. Springer London, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-1837-4_14.

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Davis, Angela. "Childminders and the Limits of Mothering as Experiential Expertise, England c. 1948–2000." In Palgrave Studies in the History of Experience. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-64987-5_5.

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AbstractThis chapter will explore how childminders were seen as experts in the care of young children. Focusing on three key pieces of legislation—the Nurseries and Child-Minders Regulation Act (1948), the Health Service and Public Health Act (1968) and the Children Act (1989)—it will trace the ways in which their experiential expertise was constructed and the limits of their characterisation as experts. The portrayal of childminders also reveals wider concerns about gender, class and race as they often intersected in the figure of the childminder and her clients. The chapter will therefore explore whether the experiential expertise of all childminders (and the mothers who employed them) was viewed equally. Recent research has explored how the growing number of working married women encouraged debate over how their employment and domestic responsibilities should best be combined. Yet childminders have rarely been written about within historical scholarship. Based on an analysis of parliamentary papers, medical and sociological literature and press reports, this article will therefore add to existing scholarship by focusing on childminders themselves and exploring the notion of childminders’ status as experts in the care of young children.
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Kleinert, Corinna, Kathrin Leuze, Ann-Christin Bächmann, Dörthe Gatermann, Anna Erika Hägglund, and Kai Rompczyk. "Occupational Sex Segregation and its Consequences for the (Re-)Production of Gender Inequalities in the German Labour Market." In Methodology of Educational Measurement and Assessment. Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-27007-9_13.

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AbstractIn Germany, the structuring principle connecting the educational system and the labour market is occupations. In theory, this occupational principle is gender-neutral, because both women and men are channelled into jobs according to the occupations for which they are trained. In practice, however, it means that patterns of occupational sex segregation in the education system are reproduced in the labour market. As a consequence, occupational sex segregation has important consequences for the subsequent employment biographies and life courses of women and men. In this chapter, we study the relevance of occupational sex segregation for the (re-)production of gender inequalities in the German labour market. More specifically, we examine long-term trends in occupational sex segregation, how occupational sex segregation is causally linked to other occupational characteristics, how these occupational characteristics translate into gender inequalities regarding non-monetary labour market outcomes, and how these occupational characteristics affect the gender wage gap.
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Pfau-Effinger, Birgit, and Thordis Reimer. "The interplay of welfare state policies with supply- and demand-side factors in the production of marginalised part-time employment among women in Germany." In Dualisation of Part-Time Work. Policy Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447348603.003.0010.

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In the early 2000s, Germany's Red-Green government introduced a new type of marginal employment in the form of 'Minijob' legislation. In the context of the dualisation strategy of the German welfare state, Minijob legislation has supported firms in extending the secondary segment of marginal jobs. However, Minijobs are associated with particularly low social security and high poverty risks, and these positions are primarily staffed by women. Therefore, the extension of the Minijob system has contributed to the persistence of traditional structures of gender inequality. This empirical study examines how demand and supply side factors interact with welfare state institutions and politics in the production of marginal employment of women in part-time jobs. Using data from the German Socio-Economic Panel, we used logistic regression to analyse women's risk of working in Minijobs based on family, educational, biographical and workplace characteristics. The research results identify both supply side and demand side factors as being significant in shaping a situation whereby married women with small children and lower levels of education who work in small, non-public firms are particularly exposed to the risks of marginal employment in Minijobs.
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Rublack, Ulinka. "Married Life." In The Crimes of Women in Early Modern Germany. Oxford University Press, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198208860.003.0006.

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Drobnič, Sonja, and Ewa Fratczak. "Employment Patterns of Married Women in Poland." In Careers of Couples in Contemporary Societies. Oxford University PressOxford, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199244911.003.0012.

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Abstract New household economics (Becker 1993; Cigno 1991) draws attention to the fact that an individual's allocation of time to the market and unpaid work in the home can be best understood within the context of the family, taking the interdependence of family members into account. A core feature of this model is that spouses tend to specialize within the marriage because specialization is the most efficient productive strategy and maximizes the utility for the household as a whole. The economic theory of the family predicts that specialization of a husband and a wife towards either market or unpaid household work will follow the principle of comparative or relative efficiency.
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Bernardi, Fabrizio. "The Employment Behaviour of Married Women in Italy." In Careers of Couples in Contemporary Societies. Oxford University PressOxford, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199244911.003.0006.

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Abstract THE aim of this study is to analyse the mechanism that accounts for married women’s participation in the labour market. More specifically I will be studying the processes that take some women out of the labour market as housewives, as well as the processes taking or keeping other women in it. It has recently been shown that the employment behaviour of married women is strongly dependent on events related to the family life course and, particularly, the partner’s parallel career (Bernasco 1994; Bernasco et al. 1998). Following this longitudinal approach, in my analysis of the mechanism responsible for female participation in the labour market, I focus on two questions. First,
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Fine-Davis, Margret. "Social-psychological predictors of employment status of married women 1." In Women and Work in Ireland. Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315103679-3.

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Conference papers on the topic "Married women – Employment – Germany"

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Rochani, Dewi. "The Effects of Children's Age on the Non-employment Duration of Married Women In Indonesia." In 2nd International Conference on Indonesian Economy and Development (ICIED 2017). Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icied-17.2018.12.

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Gökçek Karaca, Nuray, and Erol Karaca. "The Future Expectations and Laboration of Migrant Women From Turkey in Germany." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c07.01490.

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This study sought to investigate future expectations and laboration of the migrant women from Turkey in Germany. The research was carried out with 570 migrant women from Turkey in Germany in 2012-2013. The data were collected by using a questionnaire developed by the researcher based on a literature review. Data were analyzed with factor analysis by using the statistical package SPSS. According to the research results, a significant number of women said that they are housewives but not working. This result points out the continuity of perception and evaluation of being a housewife “as not a pr
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Alazab, Seham, and Norah Almosaed. "WHY STAY? SAUDI WOMEN’S ADAPTIONS TO VIOLENCE." In SSHRA 2024 – Social Science & Humanities Research Association International Conference, 07-08 May, Kuala Lumpur. Global Research & Development Services, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.20319/icssh.2024.247248.

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The study investigates the reasons why women continue to live with an abusive husband and examines the relationship between their reasons and a number of variables that support one’s ability to cope with spousal violence. These variables include employment status, educational level, number of children, marriage duration, the social status of the wife's family and the number of violent incidents. A demographic survey and a spousal violence adaption scale were administered to a sample of 114 abused wives. The results revealed that all of the variables and several of the dimensions represented by
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Tazkiyah, Iftah, and Sudarto Ronoatmodjo. "http://theicph.com/id_ID/122-siti-zakiah-zulfa-cesa-septiana-pratiwi/." In The 7th International Conference on Public Health 2020. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.02.12.

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Background: Menopause was the time of life when menstrual cycles cease and are caused by reduced secretion of the ovarian hormones estrogen and progesterone. the proportion of women aged menopause increases with increasing age. This study aimed to find the relationship between employment status, age at first delivery, number of children and smoking status to the incidence of early menopause in women aged 30 to 40 years. Subjects and Method: This was a cross sectional study conducted from secondary data Indonesian Health Data Survey (IDHS), 2017. The inclusion criteria were female respondents 3
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"Professional Life of Information System Graduates—Impressions and Experiences." In InSITE 2019: Informing Science + IT Education Conferences: Jerusalem. Informing Science Institute, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/4325.

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Aim/Purpose: We explore impressions and experiences of Information Systems graduates during their first years of employment in the IT field. The results help to understand work satisfaction, career ambition, and motivation of junior employees. This way, the attractiveness of working in the field of IS can be increased and the shortage of junior employees reduced. Background: Currently IT professions are characterized by terms such as “shortage of professionals” and “shortage of junior employees”. To attract more people to work in IT detailed knowledge about experiences of junior employees is n
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Rafique, Samia, Jecha Suleiman Jecha, and Hui Lyu. "Evaluation of ergonomic needs among female sewing machine operators in garments industry of Bangladesh: a pilot study." In 14th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2023). AHFE International, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1003037.

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The enrichment of the garments industry in Bangladesh has given employment to millions of people, especially women. With cellular manufacturing, enhanced productivity accompanies increased musculoskeletal disorders risk (Shaheen A., Mohammad Z.R, 2014). Sewing operators working posture is a vital factor related to musculoskeletal symptoms (Dianat et al., 2015). However, there is limited research on the ergonomic needs evaluation among Bangladesh female sewing machine operators.Seven female sewing machine operators in a garment manufacturing unit in Dhaka, Bangladesh, were recruited for this pi
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Jakovljević, Milena, Bojana Matejić, and Anđa Ćirković. "Factors related to unmet dental health care needs in the Republic of Serbia in 2019: A cross-sectional analysis." In Proceedings of the International Congress Public Health - Achievements and Challenges. Institute of Public Health of Serbia "Dr Milan Jovanović Batut", 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/batutphco24170j.

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Background: Ensuring timely and equal access to quality dental health care is an important public health issue. This study provides insight into significant individual factors associated with unmet dental health needs in Serbia in 2019. Method: The study is a secondary analysis of data from Survey of income and living conditions 2019, conducted as a cross-sectional study on a sample of 13,733 respondents aged 16+ (source: Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia). The outcome variable is self-reported unmet need for dentist's service during last 12 months. Multivariate logistic regression
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Reports on the topic "Married women – Employment – Germany"

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Blau, Francine, and Adam Grossberg. Wage and Employment Uncertainty and the Labor Force Participation Decisions of Married Women. National Bureau of Economic Research, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w3081.

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Bradley, Cathy, David Neumark, Zhehui Luo, and Heather Bednarek. Employment-Contingent Health Insurance, Illness, and Labor Supply of Women: Evidence from Married Women with Breast Cancer. National Bureau of Economic Research, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w11304.

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Schwartz, J. B., D. B. Bell, Paul A. Gade, and Zita M. Simutis. Labor Force Participation, Employment, and Earnings of Married Women: A Comparison of Military and Civilian Wives. Defense Technical Information Center, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada226270.

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Bender, Stefan, Annette Kohlmann, and Stefan Lang. Women, work, and motherhood: changing employment penalties for motherhood in West Germany after 1945 - a comparative analysis of cohorts born in 1934-1971. Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.4054/mpidr-wp-2003-006.

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Un, Leang, Somolireasmey Saphon, and Serey Sok. Gender Analysis of Survey on Cambodia’s Young and Older Generation: Family, Community, Political Knowledge and Attitudes, and Future Expectations. Cambodia Development Resource Institute, 2019. https://doi.org/10.64202/wp.117.201909.

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Abstract:
Cambodia, following more than two decades of impressive economic performance and development, is fast becoming one of Asia’s new tiger economies. Sustained robust GDP growth of over 7 percent has supported improvements in physical infrastructure (economic and social) and substantial poverty reduction. This economic improvement, mostly made possible by rapid manufacturing (garment industry), construction and tourism growth, is paving the way for rapid urbanisation. The pace of urbanisation combined with demographic change, improved access to education, and widespread internet use is playing a s
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