Relevant bibliographies by topics / Mars Global Surveyor

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Mars Global Surveyor'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 12 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Mars Global Surveyor"

1

Cowen, Ron. "Global Surveyor Maps Mars' Northern Ice." Science News 154, no. 24 (December 12, 1998): 373. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4011014.

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Cunningham, Glenn E. "Mars global surveyor mission." Acta Astronautica 38, no. 4-8 (February 1996): 367–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0094-5765(96)00035-5.

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Cowen, R. "Global Surveyor Arrives at Mars." Science News 152, no. 12 (September 20, 1997): 182. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3980987.

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Justus, C. G., Aleta Duvall, and D. L. Johnson. "Mars-GRAM validation with Mars global surveyor data." Advances in Space Research 34, no. 8 (January 2004): 1673–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2003.08.077.

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Lyons, Daniel T., Joseph G. Beerer, Pasquale Esposito, M. Daniel Johnston, and William H. Willcockson. "Mars Global Surveyor: Aerobraking Mission Overview." Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets 36, no. 3 (May 1999): 307–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/2.3472.

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Crider, D., M. Acuña, J. Connerney, D. Mitchell, R. Lin, P. Cloutier, H. Rème, et al. "Magnetic field draping around Mars: Mars Global Surveyor results." Advances in Space Research 27, no. 11 (January 2001): 1831–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0273-1177(01)00333-7.

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Crowley, Geoff, and Robert H. Tolson. "Mars Thermospheric Winds from Mars Global Surveyor and Mars Odyssey Accelerometers." Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets 44, no. 6 (November 2007): 1188–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/1.28625.

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Wilmoth, R. G., D. F. Rault, F. M. Cheatwood, W. C. Engelund, and R. W. Shane. "Rarefied Aerothermodynamic Predictions for Mars Global Surveyor." Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets 36, no. 3 (May 1999): 314–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/2.3473.

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Houben, H. "Assimilation of Mars Global Surveyor meteorological data." Advances in Space Research 23, no. 11 (January 1999): 1899–902. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0273-1177(99)00273-2.

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Albee, Arden L., Raymond E. Arvidson, Frank Palluconi, and Thomas Thorpe. "Overview of the Mars Global Surveyor mission." Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets 106, E10 (October 1, 2001): 23291–316. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2000je001306.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Mars Global Surveyor"

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Wang, Huiqun Murray Bruce C. "Global observations of Martian clouds with the Mars Orbiter camera of the Mars Global Surveyor Spacecraft /." Diss., Pasadena, Calif. : California Institute of Technology, 2004. http://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-04142004-151205.

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Bishop, Louise Jane. "Quantitative studies of volcanic processes on Mars using data from the Mars Global Surveyor." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2006. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1445373/.

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Volcanic processes on Mars were investigated using topographic profiles derived with the help of IDL software from data collected by the Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter (MOLA) on the Mars Global Surveyor Mission (MGS) in 1997-2001 and images obtained by the MGS Mars Orbiter Camera (MOC) and by the earlier Viking mission. Thickness and slope values for lava flows at both Elysium Mons and Alba Patera made it possible to compute flow emplacement times and effusion rates using the flow growth model proposed by C. R. J. Kilburn and R. M. C Lopes in 1990. Geological mapping of the Elysium volcanic region showed that Elysium Mons was emplaced as a result of a single shift in vent position on top of an older volcanic edifice, here termed the Ancient Volcanic Edifice (AVE). This implies that there have been substantial variations in both position and time for the magma supply. Calculations suggest that the flows at Alba Patera were emplaced more quickly than those at Elysium Mons, possibly owing to differences in fissure width and lava composition. There is evidence for both aa and pahoehoe on the summit areas of Elysium Mons and Alba Patera. The presence of aa is consistent with the view that long lava flows on Mars are emplaced quickly. Pahoehoe flows imply slow emplacement, and their inferred presence on Mars provides support for the theory that long terrestrial lavas are often emplaced as sheets of inflated pahoehoe. MOC image analysis indicated that late-stage explosive activity has occurred at several Martian volcanoes where it was previously undetected, contrary to the prevalent view that Martian volcanism evolves from explosive to effusive activity. To resolve the many ambiguities inherent in morphological data and imagery the need remains for ground truthing by experienced observers and detailed geochemical analyses in situ or by means of a sample return mission.
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Langlais, Benoit. "Les champs magnétiques de la Terre et de Mars : apport des satellites Ørsted et Mars Global Surveyor." Paris, Institut de physique du globe, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001GLOB0004.

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Le sujet de cette thèse est l'ulilisation des mesures magnétiques effectuées à bord de satellites pour mieux décrire et comprendre le champ magnétique de la Terre et celui de Mars. Dans un premier temps, nous décrivons les techniques d'acquisition des mesures magnétiques terrestres, en insistant particulièrement sur la validation et le traitement des données du satellite Orsted. Après avoir introduit les modèles magnétiques de référence, et leur limitation due à la mauvaise répartition des données terrestres, nous montrons l'apport essentiel des données Orsted pour décrire le champs magnétique terrestre avec une résolution qui jusqu'ici n'avait été atteinte que pendant la période MAGSAT (1979-1980). Les nouveaux modèles du champ géomagnétique, et leur comparaison avec des modèles dérivés des données MAGSAT permettent de mieux appréhender la dynamique du champ magnétique à la surface du noyau, mais aussi de mieux décrire et interpréter (en termes de structures géologiques) le champ magnétique d'origine lithosphérique. Dans un deuxième temps, nous utilisons les données de la mission Mars Global Surveyor pour obtenir les premières description du champ magnétique martien. Celui-ci, figé dans les couches superficielles, ne présente pas les mêmes caractéristiques que le champ lithosphérique terrestre. Nous discutons la corrélation du champ magnétique martien avec les données topographiques et gravimétriques disponibles, et nous énonçons des hypothèses quant aux séquences temporelles de la mise en place de la lithosphère, et plus généralement sur l'histoire de l'évolution de la planète Mars. L'étude combinée du champ magnétique terrestre et du champ magnétique martien, et leur comparaison apportera à terme des contraintes quant à la dynamo terrestre et l'ancienne dynamo martienne
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Civet, François. "Caractérisation de la structure électrique de Mars par méthode d'induction électromagnétique globale à partir des données magnétiques satellitaires de Mars Global Surveyor." Thesis, Brest, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BRES0084/document.

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Les méthodes d'induction électromagnétique permettent de caractériser la conductivité électrique des matériaux, dont les corps planétaires telluriques, depuis les couches superficielles de la croûte jusqu'aux zones les plus internes, dans le manteau inférieur. Pour une source de champ électromagnétique donnée, des courants sont induits dans les matériaux qui y sont soumis. Avec l'essor des données magnétiques satellitaires, de nouvelles méthodes d'analyse des données magnétiques permettent d'obtenir des images unidimensionnelles de la structure électrique de ces corps car la structure spatio-temporelle de la source électromagnétique en est bien connue. Les travaux de mon doctorat ont eu pour but de mettre en place une nouvelle méthode d'analyse permettant de déterminer des modèles de structure interne globaux pour n'importe quel corps du système solaire pour lequel on dispose de longues séries temporelles magnétiques satellitaires. Après avoir testé cette méthode sur des modèles synthétiques et l'avoir appliqué au cas de données réelles terrestre pour lesquelles des études d'induction électromagnétiques antérieurs permettent d'avoir un a priori sur le modèle de conductivité électrique attendu, nous avons obtenu les premiers modèles de conductivité électrique martien en utilisant les données magnétiques du satellite Mars Global Surveyor. Ces résultats nous ont permis de valider des modèles de structure interne antérieurs établis à partir d'analyses géochimiques et minéralogiques des météorites martiennes. Cette méthode innovante est aujourd'hui la seule capable d'obtenir une image électrique des manteaux telluriques à partir de données magnétiques satellitaires pour des corps autres que la Terre ou la Lune et pour lesquels aucun a priori sur la structure spatio-temporelle du champ électromagnétique inducteur externe n'est nécessaire
My Ph.D. work consists in the investigation of satellite magnetic data to infer the deep internal conductivity distribution. I developed a new global electromagnetic induction method applied to planetary magnetic datasets without strong a priori hypothesis on the external inducing source field. My method is based on a spectral correction of gapped data magnetic time series to restore the time spectral content of the source field. This external source depends on the planetary environment and is therefore different for each planetary bodies. The method aims at recovering with a maximum accuracy internal and external spherical harmonic coefficients of transients fields, whose ratio is used as a transfer function to retrieve the internal distribution of electrical conductivity. While for the Earth, a good proxy of the source field activity is the Dst index, no such proxy exists for other planets. Hence, for our study of Mars transient magnetic field from MGS, one of the major part of my work is the determination of an appropriate continuous proxy for the external variability. On Earth the external electromagnetic source is well known, and may be described by a spherical harmonic geometry dominated by the dipole term. This source field may be characterized using a magnetic activity index named the Dst index. The method has been tested on synthetic data generated within the framework of SWARM mission. This mission consists of a 3 satellites constellation. One of the main objectives is to infer the 3D electrical distribution in the deep Earth. SWARM synthetic data consist in a time series of spherical harmonic (SH) coefficients, external and internal, generated from a simple non-realistic 3D model. In this model, several regional and local conductors, in a radially symmetric 3 layers model have been embedded. Using this dataset, our method give satisfactory results. We have been able to obtain the external and internal SH coefficients - for the first SH degree, which is known to be the most energetic degree of the external source - using only one of the 3 synthetic time series. Then, the method has been used on real data from Ørsted. In this case, we had to pre-process the data to correct from ionospheric and aligned currents contributions. We developed a statistical analysis to remove the ionospheric field using 2 geomagnetic indices : AL and Kp. Hence, we have enlarged data toward higher and lower latitudinal zones than what has been done in previous works. Finally, we have been able to obtain 1D conductivity models, which fits reasonably with existing conductivity data in the deep Earth. Finally, we worked on Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) data. One of the most time consuming parts of this work was the determination of an appropriate continuous proxy for the external variability in the vicinity of Mars. Without any measurements of the IMF (Interplanetary Magnetic Field) during MGS sciences acquisition, we have used ACE (Advanced Composition Explorer) data. This satellite orbits around the L1 point of the Sun-Earth system, measuring solar wind magnetic characteristics. We have time-shifted ACE data to Mars position for 4 temporal windows where Mars and Earth were closed to the same Parker's spiral's arm, and finally determined a proxy explaining the major part of the variability observed in Mars data. Despite numerous gaps in MGS data, we have been able to establish the 1D conductivity distribution, fitting reasonably existing geochemical models. Although the method may be unstable for some cases, we obtained satisfactory results for in depth conductivity of the planet
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Cahoy, Kerri L. "Characterization of thermal tides at ionospheric altitudes on Mars with Mars Global Surveyor radio occultation measurements of electron density /." May be available electronically:, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/login?COPT=REJTPTU1MTUmSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=12498.

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St-Laurent, Lemerle Alexandre. "Analysis of Mars Global Surveyor magnetic data : crustal and time-dependent external magnetic fields." Thesis, McGill University, 2006. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=101653.

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In this thesis, Mars Global Surveyor mapping-phase magnetic data are used to derive a combined spherical harmonic model of both Martian crustal and time-dependent external magnetic fields.
A 60-degree spherical harmonic model of the crustal magnetic anomalies is first isolated, by averaging of in-shadow data over 0.5° x 0.5° latitude and longitude bins, and covariance analysis between multiple independent models. This model is then subtracted, separately, from day-side and night-side measurements. External residual data are expended in terms of now time-dependent 30-degree spherical harmonics, using 1 year and 1/2 year periods, and with separate internal and external radial dependencies. Independent Fourier series expansions allow to validate the temporal variations of the preceding model.
As a result, I obtain, along with the crustal anomaly maps, the spatial distribution of the external fields, their steady-state features, and the amplitude maps of their yearly and half a year variations, separately for day and night sides of Mars. Although the maxima of the temporal amplitudes show good correlations with the strong crustal anomalies, there are significant differences between them.
Keywords. covariance analysis, crustal anomalies, magnetic anomalies, magnetic field, magnetosphere, Mars, Mars Global Surveyor, spherical harmonics, temporal amplitudes
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Vignes, Didier. "Etude du champ magnétique et de l'environnement ionisé de la planète Mars à l'aide de la sonde Mars global surveyor." Toulouse 3, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000TOU30169.

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Civet, François. "Caractérisation de la structure électrique interne de Mars par méthode d'induction électromagnétique à partir des données magnétiques satellitaires de Mars Global Surveyor." Phd thesis, Université de Bretagne occidentale - Brest, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00740386.

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Les méthodes d'induction électromagnétique permettent de caractériser la conductivité électrique des matériaux, dont les corps planétaires telluriques, depuis les couches superficielles de la croûte jusqu'aux zones les plus internes, dans le manteau inférieur. Pour une source de champ électromagnétique donnée, des courants sont induits dans les matériaux qui y sont soumis. Avec l'essor des données magnétiques satellitaires, de nouvelles méthodes d'analyse des données magnétiques permettent d'obtenir des image unidimensionnelles de la structure électrique de ces corps car la structure spatio-temporelle de la source électromagnétique en est bien connue. Les travaux de mon doctorat ont eu pour but de mettre en place une nouvelle méthode d'analyse permettant de déterminer des modèles de structure interne globaux pour n'importe quel corps du système solaire pour lequel on dispose de longues séries temporelles magnétiques satellitaires. Après avoir testé cette méthode sur des modèles synthétiques et l'avoir appliqué au cas de données réelles terrestre pour lesquelles des études d'induction électromagnétiques antérieurs permettent d'avoir un a priori sur le modèle de conductivité électrique attendu, nous avons obtenu les premiers modèles de conductivité électrique martien en utilisant les données magnétiques du satellite Mars Global Surveyor. Ces résultats nous ont permis de valider des modèles de structure interne antérieurs établis à partir d'analyses géochimiques et minéralogiques des météorites martiennes. Cette méthode innovante est aujourd'hui la seule capable d'obtenir une image électrique des manteaux telluriques à partir de données magnétiques satellitaires pour des corps autres que la Terre ou la Lune et pour lesquels aucun a priori sur la structure spatio-temporelles du champ électromagnétique inducteur externe n'est nécessaire.
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Noble, John. "Integration of Mars global surveyor observations of the MY 25 planet-encircling dust storm on Mars| Implications for atmospheric dynamics and modeling." Thesis, San Jose State University, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1541549.

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A survey of observations and analyses of the Mars year (MY) 25 planet-encircling dust storm (PDS) on Mars is presented. The environmental causes and dynamical mechanisms responsible for PDS initiation, expansion, decay, and interannual frequency are not fully understood. PDS seasonal occurrence suggests the presence of climatic and environmental components, yet interannual variability suggests that initiation and expansion mechanisms are not solely seasonal in character. The objectives of this research were to better understand the dynamical processes and circulation components responsible for MY 25 PDS initiation and evolution and to analyze why a PDS developed in MY 25 and not in MY 24 or 26.

Negative anomalies in temperature data with ∼3-sol periodicity indicate the presence of baroclinic eddies. After comparing these eddies with dust storms observed in satellite imagery, the author hypothesized that six eastward-traveling transient baroclinic eddies triggered the MY 25 precursor storms due to the enhanced dust lifting associated with their low-level wind and stress fields. They were followed by a seventh eddy that contributed to dust storm expansion. All seven eddy cold anomalies were less than –4.5 K. It is possible that the sustained series of high-amplitude eddies in MY 25 were a factor in PDS onset and expansion.

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Larson, Susan K. "The Origins of Four Paterae of Malea Planum, Mars." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2007. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd1736.pdf.

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Books on the topic "Mars Global Surveyor"

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Jill, Hamilton, ed. Atlas of world military history: An illustrated global survey of warefare from antiquity to the present day. Bath, BA: Parragon Books, 2013.

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1978-, Ghioca Dragos, and Tucker Thomas J. 1969-, eds. The dynamical Mordell-Lang conjecture. Providence, Rhode Island: American Mathematical Society, 2016.

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United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., ed. Mars Global Surveyor Mission: Environmental assessment. [Washington, DC]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1995.

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H, Tolson Robert, and Langley Research Center, eds. Aerothermodynamics of the Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft. Hampton, Va: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, 1998.

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Aerothermodynamics of the Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft. Hampton, Va: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, 1998.

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News, World Spaceflight. 21st Century Complete Guide to Mars Exploration: Mars Global Surveyor PDF Gallery of Spectacular Mars Images (CD-ROM). Progressive Management, 2003.

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Winterhalter, Daniel. Mars' Magnetism, and Its Interaction with the Solar Wind: An Integration of Mars Global Surveyor and Phobos Mission. Springer-Verlag New York, LLC, 2004.

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News, World Spaceflight. 21st Century Complete Guide to Mars Exploration: Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) ¿ Spacecraft, Mission, Science, and Images (Four CD-ROM Set). Progressive Management, 2003.

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News, World Spaceflight. 21st Century Complete Guide to Mars Exploration: Mars Global Surveyor Collection of GIF and JPG Files of Spectacular Mars Images (Two CD-ROM Set). Progressive Management, 2003.

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Noreen, Eric. Central Valles Marineris: Uncontrolled Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) Mars Orbital Camera (MOC) Digital Context Photomosaic (250 Megapixel Resolution) (Open-file report). U.S. Geological Survey, 2000.

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Book chapters on the topic "Mars Global Surveyor"

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Forget, François. "Mars Global Surveyor." In Encyclopedia of Astrobiology, 1469–71. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-44185-5_941.

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Forget, François. "Mars Global Surveyor." In Encyclopedia of Astrobiology, 1–3. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-27833-4_941-2.

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Forget, François. "Mars Global Surveyor." In Encyclopedia of Astrobiology, 981–83. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-11274-4_941.

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Brain, D. A. "Mars Global Surveyor Measurements of the Martian Solar Wind Interaction." In The Mars Plasma Environment, 77–112. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-70943-7_5.

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Crider, Dana H., David A. Brain, Mario H. Acuña, Didier Vignes, Christian Mazelle, and Cesar Bertucci. "Mars Global Surveyor Observations of Solar Wind Magnetic Field Draping Around Mars." In Mars’ Magnetism and Its Interaction with the Solar Wind, 203–21. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-306-48604-3_5.

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Ota, Tetsuji, Pichdara Lonn, and Nobuya Mizoue. "Contribution of Community-Based Ecotourism to Forest Conservation and Local Livelihoods." In Decision Science for Future Earth, 197–207. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-8632-3_9.

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AbstractTropical forests significantly contribute to local livelihoods as well as global carbon storage and biodiversity conservation. Therefore, a strategy that harmonizes a better quality of life for local people with tropical forest conservation is required. In Community-based ecotourism (CBET), the local community participates in related economic activities. In this chapter, we summarize our current studies that quantified the contribution of CBET to the income and livelihoods of local people and forest conservation. We selected the Chambok CBET site in Cambodia for our case study. First, we quantified the effectiveness of CBET in forest conservation by analyzing forest cover change with published maps created from satellite images. Second, we evaluated the contribution of CBET to household income and livelihood changes through a household survey using a questionnaire. Analysis of the forest cover change maps revealed that deforestation had significantly decreased inside the CBET area as compared to outside it, although the reduction was not enough to stop net deforestation. The survey revealed that the total monthly income of CBET member households and non-CBET households was not significantly different. It also showed that the community members felt the livelihood change after the implementation of CBET. However, this change may have been caused by general socioeconomic changes in Cambodia. We conclude that CBET effectively contributed to forest conservation but in a limited capacity to household income.
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Rukmana, Deden, and Dinar Ramadhani. "Income Inequality and Socioeconomic Segregation in Jakarta." In The Urban Book Series, 135–52. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-64569-4_7.

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AbstractSocioeconomic segregation has become a common phenomenon, both in the Global North and Global South, and highly relates to income inequality. The merging of these two notions affects the geography of residential areas which are based on the socio-occupational composition. This chapter focuses on the Jakarta Metropolitan Area (JMA). Not only is Jakarta the largest metropolitan area in Southeast Asia, it is also one of the most dynamic. Batavia, the colonial capital of the former Dutch East Indies in the first half of the twentieth century, was a small urban area of approximately 150,000 residents. In the second half of the century, Batavia became Jakarta, a megacity of 31 million people and the capital of independent Indonesia was beset with most of the same urban problems experienced in twenty-first-century Southeast Asia, including poverty, income inequality, and socioeconomic segregation. This study aims to identify the correlation among income inequality, socioeconomic segregation, and other institutional and contextual factors which caused residential segregation in JMA. The analysis consists of two stages. First, we examine income inequality measured by the Gini Index as well as the occupational structure based on the International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO). Second, we investigate residential segregation by using the Dissimilarity Index as a result of socioeconomic intermixing in residential areas. The data in this study comes from multiple sources including Indonesia’s Central Bureau of Statistics, Indonesia’s National Socio-economic Survey (Susenas), Indonesia’s Economic Census, Jakarta’s Regional Bureau of Statistics, and policies related to the housing system and investment in the JMA. This study also produces maps of socioeconomic segregation patterns from several sources including Jakarta’s Geospatial Information Centre, Jakarta’s Spatial Plan Information System, and the Indonesian Poverty Map by the SMERU Research Institute.
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Holliday, Vance T. "Soil Surveys and Archaeology." In Soils in Archaeological Research. Oxford University Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195149654.003.0007.

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Soil survey and mapping is one of the most fundamental and best-known applications of pedology. The preparation of soil maps began in the 19th century (Yaalon, 1997), but systematic county-based soil surveys began in the 20th century in the United States (Simonson, 1987, p. 3). The production of soil maps based on systematic soil surveys has been one of the primary driving forces in pedologic research in both academic and governmental settings in the United States and worldwide through much of the 20th century (Simonson, 1987, 1997; Yaalon and Berkowicz, 1997). For example, soil survey and mapping has been a primary function of the USDA since 1899 (Simonson, 1987, p. 3; Soil Survey Division Staff, 1993, p. 11). Soil maps have been prepared for a variety of uses at scales ranging from a few hectares to those of continental and global magnitude. Published soil surveys contain a wealth of data on landscapes as well as soils, but are generally an underused (and likely misunderstood) resource in geoarchaeology, probably because of their agricultural and land-use orientation. This chapter presents a discussion of what soil surveys are (and are not) and potential as well as realized applications in archaeology. Much of the discussion focuses on the county soil surveys published by the USDA because they are so widely available, although applications of other kinds and scales of soil maps that have been applied in archaeology or that have archaeological applications also are discussed. Many countries in the world have national soil surveys whose primary mission is the mapping and inventorying of the nation’s soil resource. In the United States, soil survey is a cooperative venture of federal agencies, state agencies (including the Agricultural Experiment Stations), and local agencies, coordinated by the National Cooperative Soil Survey (Soil Survey Division Staff, 1993, p. 11). The principal federal agency involved in soil survey is the National Resource Conservation Service (NRCS; formerly the Soil Conservation Service, SCS) of the USDA. The mapping of soils by the NRCS/USDA is probably the agency’s best-known activity. Its many published county soil surveys are its most widely known and widely used product.
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Punekar, Jahnavi, Paula Mateo, and Gerta Keller. "Effects of Deccan volcanism on paleoenvironment and planktic foraminifera: A global survey." In Volcanism, Impacts, and Mass Extinctions: Causes and Effects. Geological Society of America, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/2014.2505(04).

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Jan Aart, Scholte. "Part VI Relationships of International Organizations with Other Actors, Ch.33 Relations with Civil Society." In The Oxford Handbook of International Organizations. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780199672202.003.0033.

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This chapter examines the forms, consequences, and challenges of civil society involvement in contemporary global governance. It is organized as follows. The first section considers definitions of civil society. The second section maps the various involvements of civil society actors in global regulatory processes. The third section surveys different theoretical understandings of the relationship between civil society and global governance. The fourth section assesses the substantive impacts of civil society interventions in global governance, that is, how NGOs (Non-Governmental Organizations) and other civil society groups affect institutional developments, agendas, decisions, discourses, and deeper structures of global governance. The fifth section considers the relationship between civil society and legitimacy in global governance. The conclusion includes several suggestions for future enhancement of civil society engagement of global-scale regulation.
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Conference papers on the topic "Mars Global Surveyor"

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Lemoine, Frank, Sean Bruinsma, Douglas Chinn, and Jeffrey Forbes. "Thermospheric Studies with Mars Global Surveyor." In AIAA/AAS Astrodynamics Specialist Conference and Exhibit. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2006-6395.

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Perko, Howard A., and John D. Nelson. "Mars Global Surveyor Soil Mechanics Data Analysis." In Eighth International Conference on Engineering, Construction, Operation, and Business In Space; Fifth International Conference and Exposition and Demonstration on Robotics for Challenging Situations and Environments. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40625(203)26.

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Green, Nelson, and Alan Hoffman. "Anomaly Trends for Missions to Mars: Mars Global Surveyor and Mars Odyssey." In 46th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2008-1133.

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Esposito, Pasquale, Ramachand Bhat, Stuart Demcak, Shadan Ardalan, Jacob Breeden, Cliff Helfrich, David Jefferson, and Jason Stauch. "Mars Global Surveyor and Mars Odyssey - Relay Satellites for the Mars Exploration Rover Mission." In AIAA/AAS Astrodynamics Specialist Conference and Exhibit. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2004-5094.

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Plesko, Catherine S., Steven P. Brumby, and Conway B. Leovy. "Automatic feature extraction for panchromatic Mars Global Surveyor Mars Orbiter camera imagery." In International Symposium on Optical Science and Technology, edited by Michael R. Descour and Sylvia S. Shen. SPIE, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.453333.

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Shane, Russell, Robert Tolson, Didier Rault, Russell Shane, Robert Tolson, and Didier Rault. "Mars Global Surveyor aerodynamics for maneuvers in Martian atmosphere." In 32nd Thermophysics Conference. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.1997-2509.

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Christensen, Phil. "Thermal Emission Spectrometer (TES) on Mars Global Surveyor Spacecraft." In Fourier Transform Spectroscopy. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/fts.2005.fmb1.

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Stella, P. M., R. G. Ross, B. S. Smith, G. S. Glenn, and K. S. Sharmit. "Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) high temperature survival solar array." In Conference Record of the Twenty Fifth IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference - 1996. IEEE, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pvsc.1996.564001.

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Amundsen, Ruth, John Dec, and Benjamin George. "Aeroheating Thermal Model Correlation for Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) Solar Array." In 36th AIAA Thermophysics Conference. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2003-3765.

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Acuna, M. H., J. L. Scheifele, P. Stella, C. Kloss, B. Smith, G. Heinshohn, and K. Sharmit. "Magnetic field cancellation techniques for the Mars Global Surveyor solar array." In Conference Record of the Twenty Fifth IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference - 1996. IEEE, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pvsc.1996.564011.

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Reports on the topic "Mars Global Surveyor"

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Wilkerson, Brandon. Upper Atmospheric Modeling for Mars Global Surveyor Aerobraking Using Least Squared Processes. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, August 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada351443.

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Ratnarajah, Lavenia. Map of BioEco Observing networks/capability. EuroSea, October 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3289/eurosea_d1.2.

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This deliverable maps the locations and properties of sustained biological observing networks through Europe including identifying coordinating groups and data aggregators. Data come from a global survey of networks, supplemented by an analysis of sustained observations in OBIS (that receives all biological data from EMODNet).
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African Open Science Platform Part 1: Landscape Study. Academy of Science of South Africa (ASSAf), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/assaf.2019/0047.

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This report maps the African landscape of Open Science – with a focus on Open Data as a sub-set of Open Science. Data to inform the landscape study were collected through a variety of methods, including surveys, desk research, engagement with a community of practice, networking with stakeholders, participation in conferences, case study presentations, and workshops hosted. Although the majority of African countries (35 of 54) demonstrates commitment to science through its investment in research and development (R&D), academies of science, ministries of science and technology, policies, recognition of research, and participation in the Science Granting Councils Initiative (SGCI), the following countries demonstrate the highest commitment and political willingness to invest in science: Botswana, Ethiopia, Kenya, Senegal, South Africa, Tanzania, and Uganda. In addition to existing policies in Science, Technology and Innovation (STI), the following countries have made progress towards Open Data policies: Botswana, Kenya, Madagascar, Mauritius, South Africa and Uganda. Only two African countries (Kenya and South Africa) at this stage contribute 0.8% of its GDP (Gross Domestic Product) to R&D (Research and Development), which is the closest to the AU’s (African Union’s) suggested 1%. Countries such as Lesotho and Madagascar ranked as 0%, while the R&D expenditure for 24 African countries is unknown. In addition to this, science globally has become fully dependent on stable ICT (Information and Communication Technologies) infrastructure, which includes connectivity/bandwidth, high performance computing facilities and data services. This is especially applicable since countries globally are finding themselves in the midst of the 4th Industrial Revolution (4IR), which is not only “about” data, but which “is” data. According to an article1 by Alan Marcus (2015) (Senior Director, Head of Information Technology and Telecommunications Industries, World Economic Forum), “At its core, data represents a post-industrial opportunity. Its uses have unprecedented complexity, velocity and global reach. As digital communications become ubiquitous, data will rule in a world where nearly everyone and everything is connected in real time. That will require a highly reliable, secure and available infrastructure at its core, and innovation at the edge.” Every industry is affected as part of this revolution – also science. An important component of the digital transformation is “trust” – people must be able to trust that governments and all other industries (including the science sector), adequately handle and protect their data. This requires accountability on a global level, and digital industries must embrace the change and go for a higher standard of protection. “This will reassure consumers and citizens, benefitting the whole digital economy”, says Marcus. A stable and secure information and communication technologies (ICT) infrastructure – currently provided by the National Research and Education Networks (NRENs) – is key to advance collaboration in science. The AfricaConnect2 project (AfricaConnect (2012–2014) and AfricaConnect2 (2016–2018)) through establishing connectivity between National Research and Education Networks (NRENs), is planning to roll out AfricaConnect3 by the end of 2019. The concern however is that selected African governments (with the exception of a few countries such as South Africa, Mozambique, Ethiopia and others) have low awareness of the impact the Internet has today on all societal levels, how much ICT (and the 4th Industrial Revolution) have affected research, and the added value an NREN can bring to higher education and research in addressing the respective needs, which is far more complex than simply providing connectivity. Apart from more commitment and investment in R&D, African governments – to become and remain part of the 4th Industrial Revolution – have no option other than to acknowledge and commit to the role NRENs play in advancing science towards addressing the SDG (Sustainable Development Goals). For successful collaboration and direction, it is fundamental that policies within one country are aligned with one another. Alignment on continental level is crucial for the future Pan-African African Open Science Platform to be successful. Both the HIPSSA ((Harmonization of ICT Policies in Sub-Saharan Africa)3 project and WATRA (the West Africa Telecommunications Regulators Assembly)4, have made progress towards the regulation of the telecom sector, and in particular of bottlenecks which curb the development of competition among ISPs. A study under HIPSSA identified potential bottlenecks in access at an affordable price to the international capacity of submarine cables and suggested means and tools used by regulators to remedy them. Work on the recommended measures and making them operational continues in collaboration with WATRA. In addition to sufficient bandwidth and connectivity, high-performance computing facilities and services in support of data sharing are also required. The South African National Integrated Cyberinfrastructure System5 (NICIS) has made great progress in planning and setting up a cyberinfrastructure ecosystem in support of collaborative science and data sharing. The regional Southern African Development Community6 (SADC) Cyber-infrastructure Framework provides a valuable roadmap towards high-speed Internet, developing human capacity and skills in ICT technologies, high- performance computing and more. The following countries have been identified as having high-performance computing facilities, some as a result of the Square Kilometre Array7 (SKA) partnership: Botswana, Ghana, Kenya, Madagascar, Mozambique, Mauritius, Namibia, South Africa, Tunisia, and Zambia. More and more NRENs – especially the Level 6 NRENs 8 (Algeria, Egypt, Kenya, South Africa, and recently Zambia) – are exploring offering additional services; also in support of data sharing and transfer. The following NRENs already allow for running data-intensive applications and sharing of high-end computing assets, bio-modelling and computation on high-performance/ supercomputers: KENET (Kenya), TENET (South Africa), RENU (Uganda), ZAMREN (Zambia), EUN (Egypt) and ARN (Algeria). Fifteen higher education training institutions from eight African countries (Botswana, Benin, Kenya, Nigeria, Rwanda, South Africa, Sudan, and Tanzania) have been identified as offering formal courses on data science. In addition to formal degrees, a number of international short courses have been developed and free international online courses are also available as an option to build capacity and integrate as part of curricula. The small number of higher education or research intensive institutions offering data science is however insufficient, and there is a desperate need for more training in data science. The CODATA-RDA Schools of Research Data Science aim at addressing the continental need for foundational data skills across all disciplines, along with training conducted by The Carpentries 9 programme (specifically Data Carpentry 10 ). Thus far, CODATA-RDA schools in collaboration with AOSP, integrating content from Data Carpentry, were presented in Rwanda (in 2018), and during17-29 June 2019, in Ethiopia. Awareness regarding Open Science (including Open Data) is evident through the 12 Open Science-related Open Access/Open Data/Open Science declarations and agreements endorsed or signed by African governments; 200 Open Access journals from Africa registered on the Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ); 174 Open Access institutional research repositories registered on openDOAR (Directory of Open Access Repositories); 33 Open Access/Open Science policies registered on ROARMAP (Registry of Open Access Repository Mandates and Policies); 24 data repositories registered with the Registry of Data Repositories (re3data.org) (although the pilot project identified 66 research data repositories); and one data repository assigned the CoreTrustSeal. Although this is a start, far more needs to be done to align African data curation and research practices with global standards. Funding to conduct research remains a challenge. African researchers mostly fund their own research, and there are little incentives for them to make their research and accompanying data sets openly accessible. Funding and peer recognition, along with an enabling research environment conducive for research, are regarded as major incentives. The landscape report concludes with a number of concerns towards sharing research data openly, as well as challenges in terms of Open Data policy, ICT infrastructure supportive of data sharing, capacity building, lack of skills, and the need for incentives. Although great progress has been made in terms of Open Science and Open Data practices, more awareness needs to be created and further advocacy efforts are required for buy-in from African governments. A federated African Open Science Platform (AOSP) will not only encourage more collaboration among researchers in addressing the SDGs, but it will also benefit the many stakeholders identified as part of the pilot phase. The time is now, for governments in Africa, to acknowledge the important role of science in general, but specifically Open Science and Open Data, through developing and aligning the relevant policies, investing in an ICT infrastructure conducive for data sharing through committing funding to making NRENs financially sustainable, incentivising open research practices by scientists, and creating opportunities for more scientists and stakeholders across all disciplines to be trained in data management.
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