Academic literature on the topic 'Martial Arts Inventory'

As BDNF is one of the group of neurotrophins highly influencing the processes happening in the brain, such as the processes of learning and personality creation, we decided to look closer at its genetic variations in association with the personality of a group of athletes and their controls. The study group consisted of 305 volunteers: martial arts athletes (n = 153; mean age = 24.06) and healthy non-athletes as controls (n = 152; mean age = 22.23). Thirty-eight percent of the martial arts group achieved the championship level. Both the martial arts and control subjects were examined using the NEO Five-Factor Personality Inventory (NEO-FFI) and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) scales. The results of the NEO-FFI and STAI inventories were given as sten scores. The conversion of the raw score to the sten scale was performed according to Polish norms for adults. Genomic DNA was extracted from blood leukocytes and then genotyped using a PCR method for the following polymorphisms: BDNF rs10767664 and BDNF rs2030323. We observed statistical significance for both polymorphisms when comparing martial arts athletes with the control group in relation to the conscientiousness and extraversion scales. However, since few extant articles consider this association, our results still require further analysis, probably by considering a larger group.

The article presents an overview of hygienic risk factors that affect the health of athletes. There were analyzed and ranked main risk factors for the health of athletes associated with physical culture and sports activities in 25 sports. During the research, 223 trainers were interviewed. As a result of the analysis, hygienic risk factors were concluded t0 be associated with microclimatic and other conditions in training and competition in halls/sports facilities are most often observed in cyclical sports (75.6%), sports games (63.3%), complex coordination sports (59.7%). Hygienic risk factors associated with compliance with personal hygiene, diet and drinking regimens are encountered in recreational sports (46.7%), martial arts (19.1%) and sports games (18.1%). Hygienic risk factors associated with sports equipment and inventory are more typical for recreational sports (40%), martial arts (32.8%) and hard-coordinated sports (28.6%).

Introduction. Motivation is one of the key topics in sport psychology. The majority of researches concerning sport motivation are focused on the motivation of sport competitors. The present study concentrates on the motivation of coaches The aim of the present study was to investigate the type of sport motivation (based on distinction of types of sport achievement orientation by Gill and Deeter: competitiveness, win orientation, goal orientation) in coaches of martial arts, and to determine temperamental and personality-related determinants of motivation. Material and methods. The participants comprised 37 male trainers of martial arts (25 boxing coaches, 12 karate coaches). The average age was 36,8 years. The study employed various research tools including: The Sport Orientation Questionnaire (SOQ) by Gill & Deeter in the Polish adaptation by Marcin Krawczyński, EPQ-R – Revised Eysenck Personality Questionnaire in the Polish adaptation by Brzozowski and Drwal, and FCB-TI – Formal Characteristic of Behaviour – Tempe­rament Inventory by Zawadzki and Strelau. Results. The study has shown statistically significant differences in win orientation between the coaches of boxing and karate. Higher levels of win orientation were observed in the karate coaches. The correlations between goal oriented motivation and neuroticism, and between goal orientation and such temperamental dimensions as emotional reactivity or endurance were also noted in this group. Among the boxing coaches the correlation between sensory sensitivity and goal orientation was found. Conclusions. The results indicate that most differentiating type of motivation between the coaches is the goal orientation, which shows correlations with temperamental and personality variables.

The aim of the study was to determine the relationship between self-assessment of physical fitness and health, and the motivational role of physical activity goals in people, depending on their sports discipline. The study included 470 men and 218 women, aged 18–45, from western and southern Poland. The respondents practiced sports recreationally (fitness—F), competitively (football—FB, martial arts—MA), and for rehabilitation and sports purposes (wheelchair rugby—R). The standardized questionnaire for the motivational role of physical activity goals (Inventory of Physical Activity Objectives, IPAO) by Lipowski and Zaleski and the authors’ questionnaire on lifestyle were used. In the statistical analyses, non-parametric statistics were used. Individuals with very high and high self-assessment of their physical fitness and very good self-assessment of health achieved higher scores on the motivational value scale, time management, motivational conflict and multidimensionality of physical activity goals (p < 0.05). Respondents who assessed their health as very good achieved lower results on the perseverance scale, compared to those who assessed their health as good or poor. Self-assessment of physical fitness had a positive, high and moderate correlation with the self-assessment of health in people practicing wheelchair rugby, fitness, football and martial arts (r = 0.61; r = 0.52; r = 0.41; r = 0.40, respectively). Correlations were found between the motivational role and time management in people practicing fitness (r = 0.81), football (r = 0.66) and martial arts (r = 0.45), and multidimensionality of goals in those practicing fitness (r = 0.65) and martial arts (r = 0.42) Wheelchair rugby players scored the highest on all KCAF scales (except for motivational conflict). Self-assessment of physical fitness of wheelchair rugby players and fitness practitioners was negatively correlated with time management (r = −0.68; r = −0.49), multidimensionality of goals (r = −0.51; r = −0.49) and motivational values (r = −0.43; r = −0.43). The demonstrated relationships indicated that there was a need to strengthen the self-esteem and motivation for physical activity, promoting perseverance, the ability to focus on the implementation of one’s goals and prioritizing the goals among people practicing various sports disciplines.

Four factors—namely, harm avoidance, novelty seeking, reward addiction and persistence—represent the nature of temperament that is not genetically determined in itself. It was shown in earlier studies that a strong propensity to look for novelty or a tendency to engage in risky behavior is correlated with genetic variants in the area of the genes encoding dopamine receptors. Therefore, the aim of this study is to determine whether there is a relationship between personality traits and genetic variants in the area of the DRD2 dopamine receptor gene in MMA athletes. The participants consisted of 85 mixed martial arts (MMA) athletes and 284 healthy, non-MMA male participants. Their personality traits were measured using the Revised Temperament and Character Inventory. Blood was collected for genetic assays and all samples were genotyped using the real-time PCR method. We observed a statistically significant effect of a complex factor of the DRD2 rs1799732 genotype on MMA participants’ control and reward dependence. Engaging in high-risk sport may be associated with several personality characteristics. The DRD2 rs1799732 polymorphism may be associated with reduced harm avoidance in martial arts athletes, thereby modulating athletes’ predisposition to participate in high-risk sport.

Background. The aim of this study was to assess the health-related behaviour of women practising judo and ju-jitsu in comparison with others (active and physically inactive). Material and methods. The study involved 414 women aged 18 to 30. For comparison purposes, they were divided into three groups. Group 1 (n=56) were women practising judo or ju-jitsu. Group 2 (n=166) were persons practising other types of regular physical activity and Group 3 (n=192) included those who did not engage in organized physical activity of any kind. The study used the Juczynski Health-Related Behaviours Inventory and the authors’ own survey. Results. The studied judo and ju-jitsu athletes were characterized by a high or average level of health behaviours (on average 85.87). The total score of the intensity of health behaviours achieved by amateur athletes practising combat sports and martial arts was higher than the results of the other groups (p<0.01). Conclusion. Women practising martial arts were characterized by a high overall index of health behaviours – they more often paid attention to correct eating habits and preventive health behaviours, among others. This may testify to the intellectualization of athletic and health-related training and the transfer of desired behaviours to everyday life.

Purpose. Identification and analysis of strategies for overcoming stressful situations and decision-making tendencies among athletes involved in martial arts. Methods. The methodological basis of the study is the model of physiological stress by V. P. Dohrenwend and the conservation of resources theory by S. Hobfoll. Twenty students of the Kharkiv State Academy of Physical Culture of the second year of the specialty 017 “Physical culture and sports”, who are engaged in martial arts for 4-13 years, took part in the research. Research methods: “Strategic Approach to Coping Scale‎” (SACS) by S. Hobfoll in the adaptation by N.Vodopyanova and E. Starchenkova. To clarify the data obtained, we chose the methodology “Decision Making Tendency Inventory” (DMTI) G. Misuraka in the adaptation of A. Yu. Razvalyaeva. For mathematical and statistical data processing, the r-Pearson correlation coefficient in the STATISTICA 12 package was used. Results. The study is devoted to the investigation of the features of strategies for overcoming stressful situations in athletes involved in martial arts. It has been established that the most typical for athletes engaged in martial arts are strategies of assertive, aggressive and impulsive actions, and the tendency to satisficing in decision-making, the least typical – avoidance and antisocial actions. Positive relations between the duration of sports occupation and the tendency to choose avoidance and manipulative actions to overcome stressful situations, the tendency of satisficing in decision-making, negative relations between the duration of sports occupation and the tendency of minimization were revealed.Conclusions. According to the results, athletes involved in martial arts are more characterized by active, constructive strategies to overcome stressful situations, however, there is a tendency to an increase in the tendency to choose passive and indirect strategies as the duration of sports occupation increases. The obtained data can be used in the activities of the Department of psychological support of the educational process of the Kharkov State Academy of Physical Culture.Key words: stress, sports, martial arts, athlete’s personality, coping strategies. Мета – виявлення та аналіз стратегій подолання стресових ситуацій і тенденцій прийняття рішень у спортсменів, що займаються східними одноборствами.Методи. Методологічно дослідження базується на моделі фізіологічного стресу В.P. Dohrenwend та теорії збереження ресурсів С. Хобфола. У дослідженні взяли участь 20 здобувачів освіти Харківської державної академії фізичної культури другого курсу спеціальності 017 «Фізична культура і спорт», що займаються східними одноборствами від 4 до 13 років. Серед них – 9 дівчат і 11 юнаків. Метод дослідження – «Стратегії подолання стресових ситуацій» (SACS) С. Хобфола в адаптації Н.Є. Водоп’яно-вої та Є. С. Старченкової. Для уточнення даних ми обрали методику «Тенденції в прийнятті рішень» (DMTI) Р.Місурака в адаптації А.Ю. Разваляєвої. Математико-статистична обробка даних здійснювалась за допомогою коефіцієнта кореляції r-Пірсона в пакеті STATISTICА 12.Результати. Дослідження присвячене вивченню особливостей стратегій подолання стресових ситуацій спортсменів, що займаються східними одноборствами. З’ясовано, що найбільш характерними для спортсменів, що займаються східними одноборствами, є стратегії асертивних, агресивних та імпульсивних дій, тенденція сатисфізації у прийнятті рішень, найменш характерними – уникання та асоціальних дій. Виявлено позитивні зв’язки тривалості занять спортом зі схильністю обирати уникання та маніпулятивні дії для подолання стресових ситуацій, тенденцією сатисфізації у прийнятті рішень, негативний – з тенденцією мінімізації.Висновки. Згідно з отриманими результатами для спортсменів, що займаються східними одноборствами, більшою мірою характерні активні, конструктивні стратегії подолання стресових ситуацій, проте існує тенденція до зростання схильності обирати пасивні та непрямі стратегії протягом збільшення тривалості занять спортом. Отримані дані можуть використовуватись в діяльності Відділу психологічного супроводу освітнього процесу Харківської державної академії фізичної культури.Ключові слова: стрес, спорт, східні одноборства, особистість спортсмена, копінг-стратегії.

The inventory on Buluh Cina potency is conducted in the effors to make community developmentprogram. Data obtained from the inventory are highly important in making planning, thus the villageauthorities are able to carry out analysis and prediction on the future tendency. The data are also veryuseful for decision making to achieve prosperious society as mentioned by the nation goal. The maingoal of this research is to gather information on the used and un-explored village potency. The informationand data were obtained directly from village secretary, key persons and other souces in the village usingboth direct questions to key informant and from the documents available in the village office. The resultsfrom research locations indicate that the Buluh Cina village contains a wide variety of potencies such asits strategic location, fertile lands for agriculture, plantation and foresty, minerals, water potency in river fortransportation, fishery and hatchery, water potency in lake and swamp area, tourisms due to its tradition (Balimau Kasai, Tobo Bajambe, Pangean Martial Arts, Bediki Dabano, Calempong) and culture. However,the un-explored potency available in Buluh Cina includes KUD revitalization and biogas.Keywords: inventory, potency

Background: Health behaviors are associated with a healthy lifestyle, in which relative possibilities of choice play an important part. Athletes are a group of people who should particularly endeavor to have a health-oriented lifestyle. It is believed that combat sports (CS) and martial arts (MA) have an especially significant educational potential, connected with several desirable values which provide positive patterns of health behaviors. The aim of the work was to assess the intensity of health behaviors in athletes who practiced CS and MA in relation to the length of their training history, their age, sex, place of residence, education level, and financial situation. Methods: The research involved 441 men and women who practiced boxing (B), Brazilian ju-jitsu (BJJ), karate (K), mixed martial arts (MMA) and Muay Thai (MT). The average age of the subjects was 24.68 ± 8.24 years. The standardized Health Behavior Inventory (HBI) questionnaire and another questionnaire for a lifestyle survey were applied. Individual behaviors covered four areas: Correct eating habits (CEH), preventive behaviors (PB), positive mental attitude (PMA), and health practices (HP). The one-way analysis of variance (F-test) for independent groups was used (ANOVA). The effect size was calculated with Hedge’s g for Student’s t-test, and with Cramér’s V for the χ2 test. The value of p ≤ 0.05 was assumed to be statistically significant. Results: CS and MA athletes presented a moderate level of health behaviors. The greater intensity of health behaviors (HBI and its categories) was found among B, K and MMA athletes, and the smaller among those who practiced MT. Correct eating habits (CEH) were characteristic of subjects who practiced every day and whose length of training history was 4–8 years. Greater intensity of preventive behaviors (PB) was observed among individuals aged under-19 years, who still studied. Greater intensity of health practices (HP) was found among those who exercised every day. Influence of financial situation was observed in relations to PMA. Conclusions: It seems that the existing educational potential of CS and MA was not fully realized in the studied population. Determining the place of health in the system of values of CS and MA athletes may be the basis for predicting health behaviors and developing health education programs.

Abstract This study’s objective was to analyze the relationship between mental toughness and martial artists’ performance strategies. Two hundred athletes (male: 105, female: 95) with an age range of 18-36 years (mean:25.12, s=4.96) who competed at university to the national standard of martial arts participated in this study. Participants answered mental toughness questionnaires and performance strategies inventory. The Pearson correlation results showed a positive and significant relationship between mental toughness and automaticity, goal-setting, imagery, self-talk, and emotional control, and a negative and significant relationship between mental toughness and attentional control in practice. Furthermore, there is a positive and significant relationship between mental toughness and activation, relaxation, self-talk, imagery, goal-setting, and emotional control in the competition. The multiple linear regression analysis results showed that goal-setting and imagery in practice and competition, self-talk in practice, and relaxation in the competition could predict mental toughness. In analyzing the subscales of mental toughness, it was concluded that tough emotions could be loaded on eight subscales of performance strategies. In the Independent-Sample T-Test, the significant differences related to gender were that men reported higher levels of self-talk (t=3.24, p<0.001), automaticity (t=2.76, p<0.006), goal-setting (t=2.63, p<0.009), imagery (t=2.18, p<0.03) and relaxation (t=2.17, p<0.03) than women.

In this thesis an argument is made that there is a need for a method to describe and measure a student’s experience of martial arts (MA) training that is psychometrically sound. Such a measure does not currently exist, and would allow researchers to drill down on the specific components of the experience which relate to beneficial outcomes from training. To this end, the aim of the current study was to create and psychometrically evaluate a Martial Arts Inventory (MAI) (Appendix A). A starting inventory of 100 questions were written based on previous research and the author’s MA expertise, then evaluated for face and construct validity in a preliminary study. The items were then subjected to an exploratory factor analysis (n=328) where, after parallel analysis, eight distinct factors, represented by the final 48 items, were extracted (meditative training, respectful discipline, positive training environment, streaming, training behaviour, heavy training, goal orientation, physical challenge). A post hoc analysis of the data collected, with related demographics, showed that many of the existing descriptors for martial arts experiences, such as hard vs soft or internal vs external, failed to provide discrimination between experiences. An exception to this was that those who felt their training was traditional, had significantly higher MAI scores (p<.01) to other respondents (large effect, f=.208). In a subsequent study (n=159), the new MAI was tested for convergent validity with both self-regulation and mindfulness. These tests both showed significant, positive relationships with medium to large effect sizes. It was concluded that the MAI appears valid and fit for use, and that future research which incorporates this instrument will add to the validation and norming of the MAI. As a first of its kind instrument, the MAI may be effective in measuring consistency of student experience across MA schools, and has research utility in exploring the efficacy of MA training.

This book is the first anthology of perspectives on the future of text, one of our most important mediums for thinking and communicating, with a Foreword by the co-inventor of the Internet, Vint. Cerf and a Postscript by the founder of the modern Library of Alexandria, Ismail Serageldin. In a time with astounding developments in computer special effects in movies and the emergence of powerful AI, text has developed little beyond spellcheck and blue links. In this work we look at myriads of perspectives to inspire a rich future of text through contributions from academia, the arts, business and technology. We hope you will be as inspired as we are as to the potential power of text truly unleashed. Contributions by Adam Cheyer • Adam Kampff • Alan Kay • Alessio Antonini • Alex Holcombe • Amaranth Borsuk • Amira Hanafi • Amos Paul Kennedy Jr. • Anastasia Salter • Andy Matuschak & Michael Nielsen • Ann Bessemans & María Pérez Mena • Andries Van Dam • Anne-Laure Le Cunff • Anthon Botha • Azlen Ezla • Barbara Beeton • Belinda Barnet • Ben Shneiderman • Bernard Vatant • Bob Frankston • Bob Horn • Bob Stein • Catherine C. Marshall • Charles Bernstein • Chris Gebhardt • Chris Messina • Christian Bök • Christopher Gutteridge • Claus Atzenbeck • Daniel Russel • Danila Medvedev • Danny Snelson • Daveed Benjamin • Dave King • Dave Winer • David De Roure • David Jablonowski • David Johnson • David Lebow • David M. Durant • David Millard • David Owen Norris • David Price • David Weinberger • Dene Grigar • Denise Schmandt-Besserat • Derek Beaulieu • Doc Searls • Don Norman • Douglas Crockford • Duke Crawford • Ed Leahy • Elaine Treharne • Élika Ortega • Esther Dyson • Esther Wojcicki • Ewan Clayton • Fiona Ross • Fred Benenson & Tyler Shoemaker • Galfromdownunder, aka Lynette Chiang • Garrett Stewart • Gyuri Lajos • Harold Thimbleby • Howard Oakley • Howard Rheingold • Ian Cooke • Iian Neil • Jack Park • Jakob Voß • James Baker • James O’Sullivan • Jamie Blustein • Jane Yellowlees Douglas • Jay David Bolter • Jeremy Helm • Jesse Grosjean • Jessica Rubart • Joe Corneli • Joel Swanson • Johanna Drucker • Johannah Rodgers • John Armstrong • John Cayle • John-Paul Davidson • Joris J. van Zundert • Judy Malloy • Kari Kraus & Matthew Kirschenbaum • Katie Baynes • Keith Houston • Keith Martin • Kenny Hemphill • Ken Perlin • Leigh Nash • Leslie Carr • Lesia Tkacz • Leslie Lamport • Livia Polanyi • Lori Emerson • Luc Beaudoin & Daniel Jomphe • Lynette Chiang • Manuela González • Marc-Antoine Parent • Marc Canter • Mark Anderson • Mark Baker • Mark Bernstein • Martin Kemp • Martin Tiefenthaler • Maryanne Wolf • Matt Mullenweg • Michael Joyce • Mike Zender • Naomi S. Baron • Nasser Hussain • Neil Jefferies • Niels Ole Finnemann • Nick Montfort • Panda Mery • Patrick Lichty • Paul Smart • Peter Cho • Peter Flynn • Peter Jenson & Melissa Morocco • Peter J. Wasilko • Phil Gooch • Pip Willcox • Rafael Nepô • Raine Revere • Richard A. Carter • Richard Price • Richard Saul Wurman • Rollo Carpenter • Sage Jenson & Kit Kuksenok • Shane Gibson • Simon J. Buckingham Shum • Sam Brooker • Sarah Walton • Scott Rettberg • Sofie Beier • Sonja Knecht • Stephan Kreutzer • Stephanie Strickland • Stephen Lekson • Stevan Harnad • Steve Newcomb • Stuart Moulthrop • Ted Nelson • Teodora Petkova • Tiago Forte • Timothy Donaldson • Tim Ingold • Timur Schukin & Irina Antonova • Todd A. Carpenter • Tom Butler-Bowdon • Tom Standage • Tor Nørretranders • Valentina Moressa • Ward Cunningham • Dame Wendy Hall • Zuzana Husárová. Student Competition Winner Niko A. Grupen, and competition runner ups Catherine Brislane, Corrie Kim, Mesut Yilmaz, Elizabeth Train-Brown, Thomas John Moore, Zakaria Aden, Yahye Aden, Ibrahim Yahie, Arushi Jain, Shuby Deshpande, Aishwarya Mudaliar, Finbarr Condon-English, Charlotte Gray, Aditeya Das, Wesley Finck, Jordan Morrison, Duncan Reid, Emma Brodey, Gage Nott, Aditeya Das and Kamil Przespolewski. Edited by Frode Hegland.

This essay aims at exploring and contextualising a phenomenon of Spanish Lexicology, the study of which remains incomprehensive: japonesismos, or terms borrowed from the Japanese language. The scope of this text will limit itself to terminology related to Martial Arts & Sports and Culinary Arts & Food. First, a compilation of Japanese loanwords that can be found in current Spanish (approaching the language from a panhispanic perspective) will be elaborated. In addition, the specific methodology employed to identify and compile said inventory of loanwords will be presented. In continuation, the consideration of relevant historical data regarding the contextualisation of these loanwords will be realized in order to provide an exhaustive historical analysis of 34 lexical items, comprised of 18 words related to Martial Arts & Sports and 16 words related to Culinary Arts & Food. Finally, maintaining a wider perspective of the historical study of Japanese loanwords, the conclusions derived from each term will organized and divided into the previously elaborated categories.

This paper presents a history of the lists and inventories of rock art sites in Portuguese territory. It starts with the first references in the XVII century followed by notes published by scholars such as Francisco Martins Sarmento, José Leite de Vasconcelos and Francisco Manuel Alves. Inventories include the first ones by Rui Serpa Pinto and Joaquim Rodrigues Santos Júnior until the project “Gravado no Tempo”(Etched in time) – a total inventory of Portuguese rock art that started in 1991, and the creation of the “Corpus” of rock engravings and paintings in the first decade of the century XXI and some of its conclusions.