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1
Niewczas, Marta, Paweł Król, Wojciech Czarny, Wojciech Bajorek, Marian Rzepko, Sławomir Drozd, Artur Płonka, et al. "Association Analysis of Polymorphic Variants of the BDNF Gene in Athletes." Genes 12, no. 9 (August 28, 2021): 1340. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes12091340.
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As BDNF is one of the group of neurotrophins highly influencing the processes happening in the brain, such as the processes of learning and personality creation, we decided to look closer at its genetic variations in association with the personality of a group of athletes and their controls. The study group consisted of 305 volunteers: martial arts athletes (n = 153; mean age = 24.06) and healthy non-athletes as controls (n = 152; mean age = 22.23). Thirty-eight percent of the martial arts group achieved the championship level. Both the martial arts and control subjects were examined using the NEO Five-Factor Personality Inventory (NEO-FFI) and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) scales. The results of the NEO-FFI and STAI inventories were given as sten scores. The conversion of the raw score to the sten scale was performed according to Polish norms for adults. Genomic DNA was extracted from blood leukocytes and then genotyped using a PCR method for the following polymorphisms: BDNF rs10767664 and BDNF rs2030323. We observed statistical significance for both polymorphisms when comparing martial arts athletes with the control group in relation to the conscientiousness and extraversion scales. However, since few extant articles consider this association, our results still require further analysis, probably by considering a larger group.
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Davletova, Nailya Ch, and E. A. Tafeeva. "HYGIENIC RISK FACTORS OF PHYSICAL CULTURE AND SPORTS ACTIVITY OF ATHLETES. THE COACH’S VIEW." Hygiene and sanitation 98, no. 5 (October 28, 2019): 498–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/0016-9900-2019-98-5-498-502.
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The article presents an overview of hygienic risk factors that affect the health of athletes. There were analyzed and ranked main risk factors for the health of athletes associated with physical culture and sports activities in 25 sports. During the research, 223 trainers were interviewed. As a result of the analysis, hygienic risk factors were concluded t0 be associated with microclimatic and other conditions in training and competition in halls/sports facilities are most often observed in cyclical sports (75.6%), sports games (63.3%), complex coordination sports (59.7%). Hygienic risk factors associated with compliance with personal hygiene, diet and drinking regimens are encountered in recreational sports (46.7%), martial arts (19.1%) and sports games (18.1%). Hygienic risk factors associated with sports equipment and inventory are more typical for recreational sports (40%), martial arts (32.8%) and hard-coordinated sports (28.6%).
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Basiaga-Pasternak, Joanna, Tadeusz Ambroży, Krzysztof Wrześniewski, and Dariusz Mucha. "Psychological determinants of motivation in coaches of martial arts." Journal of Combat Sports and Martial Arts 2, no. 8 (December 29, 2017): 83–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.8673.
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Introduction. Motivation is one of the key topics in sport psychology. The majority of researches concerning sport motivation are focused on the motivation of sport competitors. The present study concentrates on the motivation of coaches The aim of the present study was to investigate the type of sport motivation (based on distinction of types of sport achievement orientation by Gill and Deeter: competitiveness, win orientation, goal orientation) in coaches of martial arts, and to determine temperamental and personality-related determinants of motivation. Material and methods. The participants comprised 37 male trainers of martial arts (25 boxing coaches, 12 karate coaches). The average age was 36,8 years. The study employed various research tools including: The Sport Orientation Questionnaire (SOQ) by Gill & Deeter in the Polish adaptation by Marcin Krawczyński, EPQ-R – Revised Eysenck Personality Questionnaire in the Polish adaptation by Brzozowski and Drwal, and FCB-TI – Formal Characteristic of Behaviour – Temperament Inventory by Zawadzki and Strelau. Results. The study has shown statistically significant differences in win orientation between the coaches of boxing and karate. Higher levels of win orientation were observed in the karate coaches. The correlations between goal oriented motivation and neuroticism, and between goal orientation and such temperamental dimensions as emotional reactivity or endurance were also noted in this group. Among the boxing coaches the correlation between sensory sensitivity and goal orientation was found. Conclusions. The results indicate that most differentiating type of motivation between the coaches is the goal orientation, which shows correlations with temperamental and personality variables.
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Kotarska, Katarzyna, Celina Timoszyk-Tomczak, Leonard Nowak, Katarzyna Sygit, Izabela Gąska, and Maria Alicja Nowak. "Self-Assessment of Physical Fitness and Health versus Motivational Value of Physical Activity Goals in People Practicing Fitness, Football, Martial Arts and Wheelchair Rugby." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 17 (September 2, 2022): 11004. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191711004.
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The aim of the study was to determine the relationship between self-assessment of physical fitness and health, and the motivational role of physical activity goals in people, depending on their sports discipline. The study included 470 men and 218 women, aged 18–45, from western and southern Poland. The respondents practiced sports recreationally (fitness—F), competitively (football—FB, martial arts—MA), and for rehabilitation and sports purposes (wheelchair rugby—R). The standardized questionnaire for the motivational role of physical activity goals (Inventory of Physical Activity Objectives, IPAO) by Lipowski and Zaleski and the authors’ questionnaire on lifestyle were used. In the statistical analyses, non-parametric statistics were used. Individuals with very high and high self-assessment of their physical fitness and very good self-assessment of health achieved higher scores on the motivational value scale, time management, motivational conflict and multidimensionality of physical activity goals (p < 0.05). Respondents who assessed their health as very good achieved lower results on the perseverance scale, compared to those who assessed their health as good or poor. Self-assessment of physical fitness had a positive, high and moderate correlation with the self-assessment of health in people practicing wheelchair rugby, fitness, football and martial arts (r = 0.61; r = 0.52; r = 0.41; r = 0.40, respectively). Correlations were found between the motivational role and time management in people practicing fitness (r = 0.81), football (r = 0.66) and martial arts (r = 0.45), and multidimensionality of goals in those practicing fitness (r = 0.65) and martial arts (r = 0.42) Wheelchair rugby players scored the highest on all KCAF scales (except for motivational conflict). Self-assessment of physical fitness of wheelchair rugby players and fitness practitioners was negatively correlated with time management (r = −0.68; r = −0.49), multidimensionality of goals (r = −0.51; r = −0.49) and motivational values (r = −0.43; r = −0.43). The demonstrated relationships indicated that there was a need to strengthen the self-esteem and motivation for physical activity, promoting perseverance, the ability to focus on the implementation of one’s goals and prioritizing the goals among people practicing various sports disciplines.
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Niewczas, Marta, Anna Grzywacz, Katarzyna Leźnicka, Krzysztof Chmielowiec, Jolanta Chmielowiec, Agnieszka Maciejewska-Skrendo, Pavel Ruzbarsky, Jolanta Masiak, Wojciech Czarny, and Paweł Cięszczyk. "Association between Polymorphism rs1799732 of DRD2 Dopamine Receptor Gene and Personality Traits among MMA Athletes." Genes 12, no. 8 (August 6, 2021): 1217. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes12081217.
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Four factors—namely, harm avoidance, novelty seeking, reward addiction and persistence—represent the nature of temperament that is not genetically determined in itself. It was shown in earlier studies that a strong propensity to look for novelty or a tendency to engage in risky behavior is correlated with genetic variants in the area of the genes encoding dopamine receptors. Therefore, the aim of this study is to determine whether there is a relationship between personality traits and genetic variants in the area of the DRD2 dopamine receptor gene in MMA athletes. The participants consisted of 85 mixed martial arts (MMA) athletes and 284 healthy, non-MMA male participants. Their personality traits were measured using the Revised Temperament and Character Inventory. Blood was collected for genetic assays and all samples were genotyped using the real-time PCR method. We observed a statistically significant effect of a complex factor of the DRD2 rs1799732 genotype on MMA participants’ control and reward dependence. Engaging in high-risk sport may be associated with several personality characteristics. The DRD2 rs1799732 polymorphism may be associated with reduced harm avoidance in martial arts athletes, thereby modulating athletes’ predisposition to participate in high-risk sport.
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Boguszewski, Dariusz, Andrzej Ochal, Fatemeh Islami, Agnieszka Dąbrowska-Perzyna, Agnieszka Kurek-Paszczuk, and Jakub Grzegorz Adamczyk. "Assessment of health-related behaviours in women practising judo and ju-jitsu." Polish Journal of Sports Medicine 38, no. 3 (September 30, 2022): 145–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0016.0175.
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Background. The aim of this study was to assess the health-related behaviour of women practising judo and ju-jitsu in comparison with others (active and physically inactive). Material and methods. The study involved 414 women aged 18 to 30. For comparison purposes, they were divided into three groups. Group 1 (n=56) were women practising judo or ju-jitsu. Group 2 (n=166) were persons practising other types of regular physical activity and Group 3 (n=192) included those who did not engage in organized physical activity of any kind. The study used the Juczynski Health-Related Behaviours Inventory and the authors’ own survey. Results. The studied judo and ju-jitsu athletes were characterized by a high or average level of health behaviours (on average 85.87). The total score of the intensity of health behaviours achieved by amateur athletes practising combat sports and martial arts was higher than the results of the other groups (p<0.01). Conclusion. Women practising martial arts were characterized by a high overall index of health behaviours – they more often paid attention to correct eating habits and preventive health behaviours, among others. This may testify to the intellectualization of athletic and health-related training and the transfer of desired behaviours to everyday life.
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S.A., Kotenko, and Malysheva A.A. "FEATURES OF STRATEGIES FOR OVERCOMING STRESS SITUATIONS IN ATHLETES ENGAGED IN ORIENTAL MARTIAL ARTS." Scientic Bulletin of Kherson State University. Series Psychological Sciences, no. 4 (December 1, 2021): 26–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.32999/ksu2312-3206/2021-4-3.
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Purpose. Identification and analysis of strategies for overcoming stressful situations and decision-making tendencies among athletes involved in martial arts. Methods. The methodological basis of the study is the model of physiological stress by V. P. Dohrenwend and the conservation of resources theory by S. Hobfoll. Twenty students of the Kharkiv State Academy of Physical Culture of the second year of the specialty 017 “Physical culture and sports”, who are engaged in martial arts for 4-13 years, took part in the research. Research methods: “Strategic Approach to Coping Scale” (SACS) by S. Hobfoll in the adaptation by N.Vodopyanova and E. Starchenkova. To clarify the data obtained, we chose the methodology “Decision Making Tendency Inventory” (DMTI) G. Misuraka in the adaptation of A. Yu. Razvalyaeva. For mathematical and statistical data processing, the r-Pearson correlation coefficient in the STATISTICA 12 package was used. Results. The study is devoted to the investigation of the features of strategies for overcoming stressful situations in athletes involved in martial arts. It has been established that the most typical for athletes engaged in martial arts are strategies of assertive, aggressive and impulsive actions, and the tendency to satisficing in decision-making, the least typical – avoidance and antisocial actions. Positive relations between the duration of sports occupation and the tendency to choose avoidance and manipulative actions to overcome stressful situations, the tendency of satisficing in decision-making, negative relations between the duration of sports occupation and the tendency of minimization were revealed.Conclusions. According to the results, athletes involved in martial arts are more characterized by active, constructive strategies to overcome stressful situations, however, there is a tendency to an increase in the tendency to choose passive and indirect strategies as the duration of sports occupation increases. The obtained data can be used in the activities of the Department of psychological support of the educational process of the Kharkov State Academy of Physical Culture.Key words: stress, sports, martial arts, athlete’s personality, coping strategies. Мета – виявлення та аналіз стратегій подолання стресових ситуацій і тенденцій прийняття рішень у спортсменів, що займаються східними одноборствами.Методи. Методологічно дослідження базується на моделі фізіологічного стресу В.P. Dohrenwend та теорії збереження ресурсів С. Хобфола. У дослідженні взяли участь 20 здобувачів освіти Харківської державної академії фізичної культури другого курсу спеціальності 017 «Фізична культура і спорт», що займаються східними одноборствами від 4 до 13 років. Серед них – 9 дівчат і 11 юнаків. Метод дослідження – «Стратегії подолання стресових ситуацій» (SACS) С. Хобфола в адаптації Н.Є. Водоп’яно-вої та Є. С. Старченкової. Для уточнення даних ми обрали методику «Тенденції в прийнятті рішень» (DMTI) Р.Місурака в адаптації А.Ю. Разваляєвої. Математико-статистична обробка даних здійснювалась за допомогою коефіцієнта кореляції r-Пірсона в пакеті STATISTICА 12.Результати. Дослідження присвячене вивченню особливостей стратегій подолання стресових ситуацій спортсменів, що займаються східними одноборствами. З’ясовано, що найбільш характерними для спортсменів, що займаються східними одноборствами, є стратегії асертивних, агресивних та імпульсивних дій, тенденція сатисфізації у прийнятті рішень, найменш характерними – уникання та асоціальних дій. Виявлено позитивні зв’язки тривалості занять спортом зі схильністю обирати уникання та маніпулятивні дії для подолання стресових ситуацій, тенденцією сатисфізації у прийнятті рішень, негативний – з тенденцією мінімізації.Висновки. Згідно з отриманими результатами для спортсменів, що займаються східними одноборствами, більшою мірою характерні активні, конструктивні стратегії подолання стресових ситуацій, проте існує тенденція до зростання схильності обирати пасивні та непрямі стратегії протягом збільшення тривалості занять спортом. Отримані дані можуть використовуватись в діяльності Відділу психологічного супроводу освітнього процесу Харківської державної академії фізичної культури.Ключові слова: стрес, спорт, східні одноборства, особистість спортсмена, копінг-стратегії.
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Asrida, Wan, Tiyas Tinov, and Paulus Edy Gia. "Inventarisasi Potensi Desa Di Daerah Aliran Sungai (Kajian Di Desa Buluh Cina Kecamatan Siak Hulu)." Nakhoda: Jurnal Ilmu Pemerintahan 10, no. 2 (October 23, 2013): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.35967/jipn.v10i2.1602.
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The inventory on Buluh Cina potency is conducted in the effors to make community developmentprogram. Data obtained from the inventory are highly important in making planning, thus the villageauthorities are able to carry out analysis and prediction on the future tendency. The data are also veryuseful for decision making to achieve prosperious society as mentioned by the nation goal. The maingoal of this research is to gather information on the used and un-explored village potency. The informationand data were obtained directly from village secretary, key persons and other souces in the village usingboth direct questions to key informant and from the documents available in the village office. The resultsfrom research locations indicate that the Buluh Cina village contains a wide variety of potencies such asits strategic location, fertile lands for agriculture, plantation and foresty, minerals, water potency in river fortransportation, fishery and hatchery, water potency in lake and swamp area, tourisms due to its tradition (Balimau Kasai, Tobo Bajambe, Pangean Martial Arts, Bediki Dabano, Calempong) and culture. However,the un-explored potency available in Buluh Cina includes KUD revitalization and biogas.Keywords: inventory, potency
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Kotarska, Katarzyna, Leonard Nowak, Mirosława Szark-Eckardt, and Maria Alicja Nowak. "Intensity of Health Behaviors in People Who Practice Combat Sports and Martial Arts." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 14 (July 11, 2019): 2463. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16142463.
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Background: Health behaviors are associated with a healthy lifestyle, in which relative possibilities of choice play an important part. Athletes are a group of people who should particularly endeavor to have a health-oriented lifestyle. It is believed that combat sports (CS) and martial arts (MA) have an especially significant educational potential, connected with several desirable values which provide positive patterns of health behaviors. The aim of the work was to assess the intensity of health behaviors in athletes who practiced CS and MA in relation to the length of their training history, their age, sex, place of residence, education level, and financial situation. Methods: The research involved 441 men and women who practiced boxing (B), Brazilian ju-jitsu (BJJ), karate (K), mixed martial arts (MMA) and Muay Thai (MT). The average age of the subjects was 24.68 ± 8.24 years. The standardized Health Behavior Inventory (HBI) questionnaire and another questionnaire for a lifestyle survey were applied. Individual behaviors covered four areas: Correct eating habits (CEH), preventive behaviors (PB), positive mental attitude (PMA), and health practices (HP). The one-way analysis of variance (F-test) for independent groups was used (ANOVA). The effect size was calculated with Hedge’s g for Student’s t-test, and with Cramér’s V for the χ2 test. The value of p ≤ 0.05 was assumed to be statistically significant. Results: CS and MA athletes presented a moderate level of health behaviors. The greater intensity of health behaviors (HBI and its categories) was found among B, K and MMA athletes, and the smaller among those who practiced MT. Correct eating habits (CEH) were characteristic of subjects who practiced every day and whose length of training history was 4–8 years. Greater intensity of preventive behaviors (PB) was observed among individuals aged under-19 years, who still studied. Greater intensity of health practices (HP) was found among those who exercised every day. Influence of financial situation was observed in relations to PMA. Conclusions: It seems that the existing educational potential of CS and MA was not fully realized in the studied population. Determining the place of health in the system of values of CS and MA athletes may be the basis for predicting health behaviors and developing health education programs.
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Beheshti, Atefeh, Hassan Gharayagh Zandi, Zahra Fathirezaie, and Fatemeh Heidari. "Mental toughness and performance strategies of martial artists in practice and competition." Exercise and Quality of Life 13, no. 1 (June 15, 2021): 13–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.31382/eqol.210602.
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Abstract This study’s objective was to analyze the relationship between mental toughness and martial artists’ performance strategies. Two hundred athletes (male: 105, female: 95) with an age range of 18-36 years (mean:25.12, s=4.96) who competed at university to the national standard of martial arts participated in this study. Participants answered mental toughness questionnaires and performance strategies inventory. The Pearson correlation results showed a positive and significant relationship between mental toughness and automaticity, goal-setting, imagery, self-talk, and emotional control, and a negative and significant relationship between mental toughness and attentional control in practice. Furthermore, there is a positive and significant relationship between mental toughness and activation, relaxation, self-talk, imagery, goal-setting, and emotional control in the competition. The multiple linear regression analysis results showed that goal-setting and imagery in practice and competition, self-talk in practice, and relaxation in the competition could predict mental toughness. In analyzing the subscales of mental toughness, it was concluded that tough emotions could be loaded on eight subscales of performance strategies. In the Independent-Sample T-Test, the significant differences related to gender were that men reported higher levels of self-talk (t=3.24, p<0.001), automaticity (t=2.76, p<0.006), goal-setting (t=2.63, p<0.009), imagery (t=2.18, p<0.03) and relaxation (t=2.17, p<0.03) than women.
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Imani Pahlavanloo, Zahra, Marzieh Yassin, Reza Salehi, Ali Mazaherinezhad, and Soheil Mansour Sohani. "Translation, Cross-cultural Adaptation, and Study of the Validity and Reliability of the Persian Version of Sport Concussion Assessment Tool 5 (SCAT5)." Function and Disability Journal 4, no. 1 (December 30, 2021): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.32598/fdj.4.43.
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Background and Objectives: This study was done to translate and evaluate the validity and reliability of the Persian version of the Sport Concussion Assessment Tool 5 (SCAT5) among Iranian martial arts athletes. Methods: Translation and adaptation were performed in several stages with the instructions provided by Beaton et al. A total of 86 Persian-speaking martial arts athletes (42 males and 44 females) participated in this study. Descriptive statistics were reported for all items of SCAT5. For determining construct validity, the correlations between items of the Persian version of the SCAT5 and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) were all reviewed. The reliability of the questionnaire was determined from two different aspects of test-retest reliability and internal consistency. Results: The processes of translation and cultural adaptation were done by maintaining cultural adaptation through replacing appropriate words and terms, and finding semantic and perceptual equivalents. There was a significant difference between the results of male and female participants. For components of the SCAT5 in comparison with BDI, Spearman rank-order correlation coefficient (rho) was moderate with the Persian version of BDI 0.57 (p<0.001) in terms of the number of symptoms and severity of symptoms 0.50 (p<0.001). Regarding the test-retest reliability, the Persian version of the SCAT5 questionnaire showed excellent reliability for all items (ICC>0.75) and moderate reliability for the number of symptoms (ICC=0.48) and severity of symptoms (ICC=0.49). The coefficient of Cronbach’s alpha was more than 0.70 for all items of the Persian version of the SCAT5. Conclusion: The Persian version of the SCAT5 is a valid and moderate reliable instrument for medical professionals and health care providers in concussion assessment. The ceiling effect was observed in three components, including orientation and two parts of concentration (backward recalling of digits+recalling of months in reverse order).
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Turbasova, N., A. Bulygin, I. Revnivykh, N. Karpov, and A. Elifanov. "ANXIETY LEVEL AND PARAMETERS OF THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM IN ATHLETES OF VARIOUS QUALIFICATIONS." Human Sport Medicine 19, no. 4 (January 21, 2020): 14–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.14529/hsm190402.
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Aim. The purpose of the study is to establish the level of anxiety and indicators of the cardio-vascular system in athletes of various qualifications. Materials and methods. The study involved 241 athletes aged 14-30 years of various qualifications and sports. To assess personal and situational anxiety, the Spielberger – Khanin state-trait anxiety inventory was used. The obtained indicators of the cardiovascular system were compared with the reference values. Results. For all athletes of various sports, the moderate type of situational and personal anxiety prevailed. Highly skilled athletes distinguished a group of athletes with high situational and personal anxiety. Arterial hypertension in athletes of cyclic sports and martial arts is more physiological in nature. In athletes of speed-strength and reactive-strength sports, myocardial wall is thickened due to fibrotic changes. Conclusion. A different level and type of sports activity affects differently the indicators of the cardiovascular system. It was revealed that the level of anxiety affects the physical preparation of athletes for the competitive period.
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Gregory, Alden. "THE TIMBER LODGINGS OF KING HENRY VIII: EPHEMERAL ARCHITECTURE AT WAR IN THE EARLY SIXTEENTH CENTURY." Antiquaries Journal 100 (May 6, 2020): 304–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003581520000050.
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A forgotten aspect of Henry viii’s architectural patronage and of the panoply of early modern European warfare is that of the timber lodging. Through two key case studies, this paper explores King Henry viii’s timber lodgings and demonstrates that not only did they form an important class of ephemeral architecture that successfully employed innovative technologies to make such structures portable for military campaigns, they were also used in conjunction with the royal tents to provide comfortable and secure battlefield accommodation for the king. The paper recreates their construction, functions, symbolism and elaborate appearance, revealing that the earlier timber lodging comprised a two-chambered wooden building which was painted externally to resemble brickwork and which was used at the sieges of Thérouanne and Tournai in 1513, while the later timber lodging was used at the siege of Boulogne in 1544. Through a close analysis of the surviving accounts for the making of the 1544 structure, the article demonstrates that it was an extravagant and architecturally pretentious building that combined the martial imagery of late medieval Gothic with refined touches of classicism. The paper also shows that the lodging used in 1544 is both recorded in the posthumous 1547 inventory of Henry viii’s possessions and appears in the engravings of the Cowdray House murals, held by the Society of Antiquaries of London.
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Lipowski, Mariusz, Daniel Krokosz, Ariadna Łada, Miroslav Sližik, and Marcin Pasek. "Sense of Coherence and Connectedness to Nature as Predictors of Motivation for Practicing Karate." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 14 (July 12, 2019): 2483. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16142483.
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Background: Physical activity yields exceptionally positive results when it takes place out in the open air, in contact with nature. Both contact with nature and practicing sport constitute a certain kind of philosophy of life and living by its rules plays a vital role in positive mental health―understood as maintaining a high sense of coherence. Martial arts are examples of sports that are rooted in a philosophy. The goal of this study was to explore the links between a sense of coherence and connectedness to nature in the context of motivations for practicing karate. Methods: A total of 127 practitioners of karate were examined using the Inventory of Physical Activity Objectives (IPAO), the Sense of Coherence Questionnaire, and the Connectedness to Nature Scale. Results: The most important objective for women training karate was a fit, shapely body, and for men the most important objective was physical fitness. Connectedness to nature had the strongest positive relationship with the measure of physical fitness (in both genders). A sense of comprehensibility increased men’s motivational conflict, whereas, in women, this IPAO dimension was positively related to feeling emotionally connected to the natural world. Connectedness to nature was related to motivational conflict positively in women and negatively in men. Feeling emotionally connected to the natural world correlated with a sense of comprehensibility, a sense of manageability, and a sense of meaningfulness. Sense of comprehensibility and sense of meaningfulness tended to increase with age. Conclusions: Understanding both the natural environment and the utility of setting sport-related goals led to increasing one’s efforts on the way to both successes and defeats, and, most of all, overcoming one’s weaknesses.
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Meyers, Michael C., Robert Higgs, Arnold D. LeUnes, Anthony E. Bourgeois, and C. Matthew Laurent. "Pain-Coping Traits of Nontraditional Women Athletes: Relevance to Optimal Treatment and Rehabilitation." Journal of Athletic Training 50, no. 10 (October 1, 2015): 1034–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-50.8.04.
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Context The primary goal of traditional treatment and rehabilitation programs is to safely return athletes to full functional capacity. Nontraditional activities such as rock climbing or rodeo are typically less training structured and coach structured; individualism, self-determination, and autonomy are more prevalent than observed in athletes in National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA)-sponsored sports. The limited research available on nontraditional athletes has provided the athletic trainer little insight into the coping skills and adaptations to stressors that these athletes may bring into the clinical setting, especially among the growing number of women participating in these types of activities. A better understanding of the pain-coping traits of nontraditional competitors would enhance insight and triage procedures while heading off potential athlete-related risk factors in the clinical setting. Objective To quantify and compare pain-coping traits among individual-sport women athletes participating in nontraditional versus traditional NCAA-structured competition, with relevance to optimal treatment and rehabilitation. Design Cross-sectional study. Setting Data collected during each participant's respective group meeting before seasonal activity. Participants or Other Participants A total of 298 athletes involved in either nontraditional, non-NCAA individual sports (n = 152; mean age = 20.2 ± 1.3 years; downhill skiing, martial arts, rock climbing, rodeo, skydiving, telemark skiing) or traditional NCAA sports (n = 146; mean age = 20.3 ± 1.4 years; equestrian, golf, swimming/diving, tennis, track). Main Outcome Measure(s) All participants completed the Sports Inventory for Pain, a sport-specific, self-report instrument that measures pain-coping traits relevant to competition, treatment, and rehabilitation. Trait measures were direct coping, cognitive, catastrophizing, avoidance, body awareness, and total coping response. Data were grouped for analyses by type of athlete (nontraditional, traditional). Results We found a significant main effect for type of athlete (Wilks' λ F6,291 = 12.922; P = .0001). Nontraditional sport athletes scored lower on direct coping (P = .0001), cognitive (P = .0001), catastrophizing (P = .0001), and total coping response (P = .0001) than traditional athletes. Conclusions Women participating in nontraditional individual-sport activity revealed less pronounced pain-coping traits than women participating in more coach-structured, traditional NCAA sports. Sport and medical personnel should consider the type of athlete when prescribing training, treatment, and rehabilitation for optimal performance and return to play.
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Bouriat, Simon, Matej Poliaček, and Jacob Smith. "Overview of Activities: ARES-III and LEARN Analog Missions in the LunAres Hab." Space: Science & Technology 2022 (August 3, 2022): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.34133/2022/9763959.
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Progress is being made on human Lunar and Martian missions by space agencies and private organisations around the world, with the aims of establishing reliable long-duration architectures. Complementing this, research is being carried out under controlled and isolated conditions within simulated space habitats, to gain insights into the effects of such conditions on the research subjects and their impacts on crews’ wellbeing and success. This paper provides an overview of the experiments conducted during two separate 15-day missions—one Martian and one Lunar—conducted in the LunAres Research Base in Piła, Poland, in 2018. Some activities were common between the two crews; others were only carried out by one. Using the same methodology, both collected cognitive function, environmental, physiological, and inventory data, resulting in a larger dataset allowing comparisons between the two missions in terms of varying human factors. Experiments conducted by the Lunar crew included the following: effects of consuming lyophilised food on oral health and saliva production, influence of isolation on hearing capability, feelings on security in the isolated habitat, and research into earthworm growth in different soil compositions. The Mars mission analysed physical performances of the crew and compared them to performances realised during similar activities in Mars Research Desert Station missions and the impact of confinement on their efficiency performing a remote operation of a rover. For each piece of research, an overview of the background, methodology, results, and conclusions is given, referencing the resulting papers. In addition, nonresearch activities are included for completeness and context.
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Sandford, Glenn T., Peter R. Gill, Romana Morda, and Andrew Jago. "Introducing the Martial Arts Inventory: Quantifying Student Training Experiences for Quality Control and Evidence of Efficacy." Perceptual and Motor Skills, August 5, 2020, 003151252094679. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0031512520946795.
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There is a need for a questionnaire that quantifies what students actually experience during martial arts (MA) training. Although no such measure exists, having one would allow researchers to identify the specific components of the MA training experience that may benefit participants’ health outcomes, and permit MA training organizations to implement control and consistency measures. In this article we report the development and psychometric properties of the Martial Arts Inventory (MAI). This study comprised three phases: (a) question development, (b) exploratory factor analysis (EFA), and (c) a correlational validity demonstration. We developed a 106 item questionnaire and then used exploratory factor analysis ( n = 252) to extract eight distinct factors (meditative training, respectful discipline, positive training environment, streaming, training behaviour, heavy training, goal orientation, and physical challenge) that were represented by 48 items. We demonstrated convergent validity through positive correlations between this questionnaire and measures of both self-regulation and mindfulness. As a first of its kind instrument, the MAI has the preliminary psychometric basis to be used by researchers and clinicians for measuring the consistency of student experiences across MA schools, and for exploring the efficacy of MA training for various applications, including participant psychosocial health outcomes. Additionally, further refinement and validity testing of this tool will be needed.
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BOGUSZEWSKI, Dariusz, Jakub Grzegorz ADAMCZYK, and Dariusz BIALOSZEWSKI. "Assessment of the Health-Related Behaviors of Men Practicing Combat Sports and Martial Arts." Iranian Journal of Public Health, July 1, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18502/ijph.v48i10.3485.
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Background: Physical activeness is one of the main elements of lifestyle in terms of preventing civilization diseases. The main purpose of this study was to assess the selected health behaviors of men practicing combat sports and martial arts and to find out what features or variables may have an influence one’s lifestyle.
Methods: Overall, 561 men aged 17-35 yr were enrolled and divided into three groups. Studies were conducted from March 2011 to June 2015 in Warsaw, Poland. The main research tool was Juczyński’s Health Behaviour Inventory. The questionnaire includes 24 statements – descriptions of various health-related attitudes and behaviours – divided into four categories: proper eating habits, preventive behaviours, positive psychical attitude, and health practices.
Results: The persons practicing combat sports and martial arts presented the highest level of health behaviours. The result of Group 1 was significantly higher than the result of Group 2 (P=0.05) and Group 3 (P<0.001). The sportsmen from Group 1 obtained the highest result in the category of psychical attitude (3.5), which was similar to the result of the non-active group (3.29). The men belonging to Group 2 rated highest their eating habits (3.37). All groups obtained the lowest results in the category of preventive behaviours.
Conclusion: The men practicing combat sports and martial arts showed high general level of health behaviours. It may give evidence to the intellectualization of sport and health training process, as well as to the fact of adopting the desired behaviours in everyday life.
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Rajan, R. Soundara, and B. Navaneethan. "EFFECTS OF MARTIAL ARTS TRAINING ON SELECTED PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGICAL VARIABLES OF MALE BASKETBALL PLAYERS." GLOBAL JOURNAL FOR RESEARCH ANALYSIS, November 15, 2020, 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.36106/gjra/1908051.
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Basketball is considered one of the most popular sports in the world as the third fastest game played in short court surfaces. In high level competitions, very specifically during the matches between the challenging teams, because of stress players may have an opportunity to loose their mental toughness, perception ability, concentration and apprehending the fellow players moves. As a result of this player finds it difficult in executing the fundamental skills in time which affects the ultimate aim of the team. In this situation, when finding the alternative means and methods to develop the physical, mind and game based physical activity concurrently; it was observed that these characteristics are correlating with the event of Taekwon-do which is one of the martial activities. The study consisted of 24 male basketball players from PSG College of Arts & Science, Coimbatore. Their age ranged from 18 to 25 years. The Psychophysiological variables of VO2 max, Resting pulse rate and Competitive sport Anxiety Inventory-2 (CSAI-2), developed by Martens, Vealey, & Burton (1990) were used. Subjects were randomly assigned to either a martial arts training experimental group, or a no martial arts training control group. The experimental group were given training for 3 days a week and for 6 weeks in total. Paired t-tests were used to test the effect of treatment groups individually between pre and post –tests of all the groups on variables used in the present study. The result of the study reveals that there was significant difference in 0.05 levels of VO2 max, Resting pulse rate and Competitive sport Anxiety among the male basketball players.
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Ameer Hussain, Joharah, and Norlena Salamuddin. "EFFECTIVENESS OF MENTAL IMAGERY MODULE AMONG TAEKWONDO MARTIAL ARTS ATHLETES." International Journal of Education, Psychology and Counseling, July 7, 2019, 140–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.35631/ijepc.4310013.
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Mental training has proven its importance in training program by enhancing athletes performance. This study was conducted to examine the effectiveness of imagery training interventions among Koryo taekwondo martial arts athlete. Respondent for this study was 74 athletes and coaches who were elite athletes who had participated in national and international competitions aged 16 to 23. All athletes have completed a Vividness of visual imagery questionnaire that assesses the degree of image clarity and involves an athlete's cognitive ability to perform imagery skills. The study was a quasi-experimental study where subject rehearses application of the Imagery module as an alternative training. The imagery module was based on the five main attack techniques used in sparring competition which has complete instruction for trainers and athletes with reliability values from 0.53 to 0.75. A pre-test was conducted prior to the implementation of the intervention module while the post-test was done after the imagery intervention module was held for 14 weeks. All the data for both pre and post-tests were analyzed inferentially and descriptively while the t-test was conducted to see a comparison of state anxiety using competitive state anxiety inventory-2 CSAI-2 that tested the level of anxiety concerns before and after undergoing imagery training interventions. The test of pre and post studies show a significant difference in the treatment group undergoing imagery training interventions for the construct of cognitive anxiety, somatic anxiety, and self-esteem, is significant. The findings showed a significant difference in the treatment group undergoing imagery training interventions compared to the control group that only carried out physical training. The results of this study give a true picture of the effectiveness of the imagery training in reducing the level of anxiety of the athlete during the competition as increasing confidence and the quality of the performance to achieve the desired achievement. The findings also have positive implications for the trainers on the importance of imagery training as alternative training compared to physical training.
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Blomqvist Mickelsson, Tony, Maxine Thylin, and Erika Hansson. "Self-confidence and Disordered Eating amongst Martial Artists: A Cross-sectional Study." Asian Journal of Sports Medicine 11, no. 4 (November 28, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.5812/asjsm.104436.
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Background: Extreme dieting is a well-known phenomenon in combat sports, and still, little research has explored the link between extreme dieting and confidence levels among martial artists. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, extreme dieting and sport-specific self-confidence among 111 Swedish athletes practicing mixed martial arts (MMA) or Brazilian jiu-jitsu (BJJ) were examined. Athletes completed an online survey containing the Eating Disorder Examination questionnaire (EDE-Q) and the Trait Sport-Confidence inventory (TSCI). Results: The results showed that MMA athletes dieted in more extreme ways than BJJ athletes, primarily via restricted eating. They also had higher sport-specific self-confidence, which was positively correlated with weight loss. BJJ athletes used less restrictive eating than MMA athletes, but those who did diet in extreme ways experienced lower self-confidence compared to MMA athletes. Conclusions: The results are consistent with previous studies showing rapid weight loss in MMA athletes and suggest that some martial artists are at a particular risk of extreme dieting and possible sequelae. There is a link between self-confidence and weight loss, but it seems to allude to a comprehensive explanation and is in need of further research.
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Pransky, Joanne. "The Pransky interview: Harry Kloor, PhD, PhD – CEO and Co-Founder, Beyond Imagination Inc.; scientist; entrepreneur; inventor; filmmaker." Industrial Robot: the international journal of robotics research and application, June 27, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ir-06-2022-0148.
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Purpose The following article is a “Q&A interview” conducted by Joanne Pransky of Industrial Robot Journal as a method to impart the combined technological, business and personal experience of a prominent, robotic industry PhD-turned successful innovator and entrepreneur regarding turning his lifelong dream into an invention and commercialized product. This paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach Harry Kloor is a successful serial entrepreneur, scientist, technologist, educator, policy advisor, author and Hollywood filmmaker. He is the CEO and co-founder of Beyond Imagination, a company that has developed a suite of exponential technology solutions that deploys artificial intelligence (AI), AR, robotics, machine learning and human–computer interaction technology to enhance and revolutionize the world’s workforce. The company early in 2021 completed BEOMNI 1.0, the world’s first fully functional humanoid robotic system with an AI evolving brain, enabling remote work at a high level of fidelity to be done from around the globe. Kloor describes how he transformed his childhood dream into his brainchild and tangible reality. Findings Kloor was born a groundbreaker who did not take no for an answer. He was born partially crippled with his legs facing backwards. The doctors said that he would spend his life in braces and would never be able to run. His parents told him not to let those ideas limit him and by the age of seven he ran for the first time and went on to become a martial arts master. Kloor’s childhood dream was to create ways to leave his body and inhabit a robotic body so that he could physically be free from his limited mobility. Kloor built his first computer at the age of seven and invented his first product at the age of eight. Kloor's inspiration to study science came largely from science fiction and his 20,000-plus collection of comic books. Knowing the nature of exponential growth, he spent the next 40 years building the expertise, relationships, networks and experience in all areas of exponential technology. Kloor obtained a BA from Southern Oregon State College, an MEd from Southern Oregon University and two simultaneous PhDs, one in chemistry and one in physics, from Purdue University. Kloor co-founded the company Universal Consultants, where he served as chief science consultant, providing guidance to clients in the development of new technological products, patents and policy positions. Kloor was the founder of Stem CC Inc. – a stem cell company that was sold in 2018 to Celularity, one of the world’s most cutting edge clinical-stage cell therapeutics company. Kloor is also the founder and president of Jupiter 9 Productions and is a credited film writer, director and producer. Since his graduation from Purdue University, he has written for Star Trek: Voyager and was the story editor for Gene Roddenberry’s Earth: Final Conflict, a series he co-created/developed. Kloor helped create Taiwan’s animation industry, bringing Quantum Quest: A Cassini Space Odyssey, the first big animation film that starred major Hollywood stars, to Taiwan. Kloor also sits on the board of Brain Mapping and Therapeutics Society and serves as their Chief Scientific Advisor and Educational Outreach Coordinator. Originality/value Kloor is a “creative consultant and universal problem solver, with an emphasis in technology and education.” Kloor has worked with Dr Peter Diamandis since the first class of the International Space University in 1988. Kloor was one of the five founding team members of XPRIZE serving as its CSO until 2005 and was one of the founders of the Rocket Racing League. He was on the founding team of Singularity University and taught at Singularity’s first summer program. In 2016 he created the $10m Avatar XPRIZE, and in 2018 he co-created the Carbon Extraction XPRIZE which obtained the largest incentive prize in history, a $100m, funded by Elon Musk and the Musk Foundation. Kloor is the only person in world history to earn two PhDs simultaneously in two distinct academic disciplines. In recognition of this achievement, he was named ABC World News’ Person of the Week in August 1994. Kloor has received numerous awards, including The Golden Axon Award from the Society for Brain Mapping & Therapeutics. He has recently created the Kloor Cycle, a four-stage experiential autonomous learning process within Beomni’s “AI Brain,” adapted from Kolb’s Learning Cycles.