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Price, Brian R. "The Martial Arts of Medieval Europe." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2011. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc103377/.
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During the late Middle Ages and into the Renaissance, fighting books—Fechtbücher—were produced in northern Italy, among the German states, in Burgundy, and on the Iberian peninsula. Long dismissed by fencing historians as “rough and untutored,” and largely unknown to military historians, these enigmatic treatises offer important insights into the cultural realities for all three orders in medieval society: those who fought, those who prayed, and those who labored. The intent of this dissertation is to demonstrate, contrary to the view of fencing historians, that the medieval works were systematic and logical approaches to personal defense rooted in optimizing available technology and regulating the appropriate use of the skills and technology through the lens of chivalric conduct. I argue further that these approaches were principle-based, that they built on Aristotelian conceptions of arte, and that by both contemporary and modern usage, they were martial arts. Finally, I argue that the existence of these martial arts lends important insights into the world-view across the spectrum of Medieval and early Renaissance society, but particularly with the tactical understanding held by professional combatants, the knights and men-at-arms. Three treatises are analyzed in detail. These include the anonymous RA I.33 Latin manuscript in the Royal Armouries at Leeds; the early German treatise attributed to Hanko Döbringer that glosses the great Johannes Liechtenauer; and the collection of surviving treatises by the Friulian master, Fiore dei Liberi. Each is compared in order to highlight common elements of usage that form the principles of the combat arts.
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Currey, Evan. "A school for the Chinese martial arts." College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/162.
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Thesis (M. Arch.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2003.<br>Thesis research directed by: School of Architecture, Planning and Preservation Architecture. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
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Gohara, Kazutoshi, Koji Kadota, Akifumi Kijima, Motoki Okumura, Keiko Yokoyama, and Yuji Yamamoto. "Joint Action Syntax in Japanese Martial Arts." PLOS ONE, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/18463.
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Hedén, Tomas. "Mixed martial arts och boxning i Sverige." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för historia och samtidsstudier, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-19853.
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In 1970 professional boxing became illegal in Sweden and in 2009 the prohibition was removed.Just before both of these changes in the law there were debates in media where people argued forand against ilegalization. In the later debate the focus has shifted from professional boxing toinclude Mixed Martial Arts(MMA) as well. MMA was governed and bound by the same law asprofessional boxing.This purpose of this paper is to compare the debate in 1968-1969 with the debate in 2006. The twodebates resulted in two different outcomes, ilegalization of professional boxing in 1970 and thenlegalization of it 2009. Are there any reason for these differences? What is the reasoning behindthis? By using hegemonic masculinity as a guidance when examining the debates this paper istrying to understand how the discourse have changed over time. The method is to analyze thediscourse in the debates by looking at morality, health and commercialization arguments.The result of this paper is that the arguments are similar in both debates. The values of thehegemonic masculinity is shown through six different topics. (1) How violence is perceived, (2) thefreedom of choice, (3) medias power to command and influence the people, (4) what is considered asport and what is considered an assault, (5) what the society allows children to be able to beinfluenced by and (6) the government's role as a regulator of the sports. The conclusion is that achange in the hegemonic masculinity can not be proven to be exclusively responsible for thedifferent outcomes of the debates. However, the examination of the discourse clearly shows theevolution of the values of the hegemonic masculinity.2
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Lau, Wai-sim, and 劉慧嬋. "Chinese martial arts stardom in participatory cyberculture." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2013. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B50533824.
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The participatory cyberspace, epitomized by the concept of Web 2.0, has become a key venue of Chinese stardom in the post-cinema era.Web 2.0 invites its users to contribute to the content through an architecture of participation. Fans can search, poach, edit, and post filmic and publicity materials about stars, formulating seamless, collaborative reworkings of the star image and generating a new star-fan dynamic. At the crossroads of participatory cyberspace and cinema, transnational Chinese movie stars call our attention to the critical concern of Chineseness. In recent years, a number of Chinese movie stars have attained prominent presence in the global cinematic arena. These acting talents, who are either identified as martial arts performers or known for their performances in martial arts films, won global acclaim as a result of the worldwide reception and esteem for Hong Kong action films and Fifth Generation directors’ films from mainland China. As these stars begin to engineer personae stretching beyond their ethnic identities for the global setting, their stardom engenders discourses of ethnicity and cosmopolitanism.What does it mean to call these stars “Chinese” in the global cyber setting? How do their fans interact to reshape their star personae on the Web? How can one approach and understand “Chineseness” within cyber fan discourse? All these questions point to a central problem of how to conceptualize Chineseness in participatory cyberspace.
My agenda in this study is to investigate Chinese movie stardom as a web-based phenomenon by establishing a new theoretical framework for considering Chineseness in participatory cyberspace. I have created a set of four analytical matrixes, each examining a particular Chinese star through a specific fan-based practice on a specific participatory site: vidding Donnie Yen and critiquing Zhang Ziyi on YouTube; photo-sharing about Jackie Chan on Flickr; “friending” Jet Li on Facebook; and discussing Takeshi Kaneshiro on fan forums. Through close investigation of these five Chinese stars, I demonstrate that the cyber setting enables collaborative fan reworkings of star texts and multiple directionality of approaching Chineseness. Cyber fans produce intertextual, multi-faceted star personae, different from traditional film personae whose meanings are anchored in a rigid established representational framework. Through the relentless scrutiny, quotation, manipulation self-affiliation by fans enabled by cyber technology, Chineseness becomes an utterly illusive and indefinable entity, a new form of signification whose meaning is always changing. This unstable, hybrid Chineseness challenges the notion of a star’s given ethnicity, redefining the archetypal martial arts body in unpredictable, manifold and provocative terms for the cyber era.
With the aim of advancing the critical theorization of Chineseness, this study unfolds and analyzes the dynamics of the vital relationship between Chinese stardom, web technologies, and fan discourse. It also serves as a timely response to the challenges posed by cyber culture for the disciplines of cinema and cultural studies, in light of the proliferating yet inadequate current efforts in this field.<br>published_or_final_version<br>Comparative Literature<br>Doctoral<br>Doctor of Philosophy
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Evefors, Malcolm. "Cognitive stress, martial arts and human speech." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för psykologi, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-123153.
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Results from multiple studies indicate fundamental frequency (F0) as parameter of human speech that tends to increase with stress. This study compares voice recordings of experienced and novice martial artists, as practicing martial arts (MA) is speculated to improve stress management. The sample consisted of 10 participants, five experienced and five novices. Recordings were made in a normal state and a state of cognitive stress, induced by mental arithmetics and an auditive stressor. Verbal stress response proved present for all participants. The experienced group showed lesser tendency to increase spread of frequency in the face of stress as compared to the novice group. The difference was confirmed significant by ANOVA. The results are similar to earlier findings on the effects of stress management training on verbal stress response. Further research is necessary to confirm these results, considering homogeneity and sample size..<br>Resultat från flertalet studier indikerar att fundamental frekvens (F0) är en parameter i mänskligt tal som tenderar öka med stress. Denna studie jämför röstinspelningar av erfarna kampsportsutövare och noviser, eftersom kampsport har spekulerats förbättra stresshantering. Urvalet bestod av 10 deltagare, fem erfarna och 5 noviser. Inspelningarna utfördes i ett normalt tillstånd samt i ett tillstånd av kognitiv stress, inducerat av mental aritmetik och en auditiv stressor. Alla deltagare uppvisade verbal stressrespons. Den erfarna gruppen visade en mindre tendens att öka spridning av frekvens i en stressig situation, jämfört med noviserna. ANOVA bekräftade att skillnaden var signifikant. Resultaten liknar de från tidigare forskning på effekten av stresshanterings‐träning på verbal stressrespons. Ytterligare forskning är nödvändig för att bekräfta dessa resultat, med fokus på homogenitet och urvalsstorlek.
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Minnix, Douglas Wayne. "Mental Toughness in the Classical Martial Arts." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/26392.
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The construct of mental toughness is in a state of evolution and refinement. The current study proposed to investigate; (1) the importance of mental toughness attributes from a Classical Martial Arts context, (2) the trainability of the mental toughness attributes from a Classical Martial Arts context, (3) and the extent to which classical martial artists perceive that attributes converge under broader, overarching sub-categories. The current study used a two-phase approach to evaluate the perceptions of mental toughness in 174 non-competition based classical martial artists. Phase One used a survey (a) to assess the perceived importance and trainability of mental toughness, (b) to evaluate unique CMA (CMA) mental toughness components, and (c) to determine underlying factors via factor analysis. Phase Two used interviews to enhance study perspectives of 20 randomly selected CMA participants. Phase One survey results support (a) the inclusion of all items as important to the mental toughness construct, (b) the trainability of all but 4 items, and (c) anticipation, learning attitude, and ethics as three unique CMA mental toughness components. The factor analysis supports the use of a six-factor model, which accounts for 60% of the variance, to explain CMA toughness. Phase Two promotes the use of several key themes as important to mental toughness in the CMA¬- conviction, commitment, conditioning, readiness to perform, distraction control, and shifting focus of attention. Phase Two also provides insight into the context specific application of the six-factor model. Previous perspectives on attribute importance, trainability, and general dimensions of mental toughness are supported by the current study. Variations exist between dimensions in the current study and those found previously. However, these differences are noted to exist more in context applications than in the essential meanings.<br>Ph. D.
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Benitezsantiago, Angela Stefanie. "Using Video Feedback to Improve Martial-Arts Performance." Scholar Commons, 2011. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/3006.
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Video feedback has great potential to enhance performance in many settings. The following study used video feedback to enhance the martial arts performance of capoeira, an Afro-Brazilian martial art that utilizes acrobatic movements (revesado, au de costa, and macaco). A multiple baseline across behaviors was used for 5 participants where baseline conditions consisted of standard coaching consisting of instruction, modeling, rehearsal, and feedback and continued throughout the study. The intervention consisted of video feedback, in which the participants were filmed attempting a movement and immediately viewed the video afterwards, while receiving positive and corrective feedback from the instructor, using the pause, slow motion, and replay controls. The participant was filmed at least a total of three times per session and each attempt was scored. The target behaviors were scored on a 15-item checklist, resulting in a percentage correct. A second video feedback condition similar to the first was also introduced to some participants, in which participants were able to practice the movements with live feedback before being filmed again. Results show gradual increases in baseline and a more rapid acquisition of the skills during the video feedback conditions.
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Mok, Olivia Wai Han. "Martial arts fiction translational migrations east and west /." Thesis, Online version, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?did=1&uin=uk.bl.ethos.287060.
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Joern, Albert. "The repositioning of traditional martial arts in Republican China." Thesis, McGill University, 2013. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=114301.
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In this thesis, I discuss how practitioners of martial arts in the Republican era of China were engaged in a process of reinventing what embodied the field of martial arts during a time when physical culture was treated as an instrument of nation-building in response to colonial discourses and the process of modernization. Martial arts were repositioned from being a loosely associated field of practice for people who engaged with a set of combative skills that focused on weapons training that championed archery and spear fighting, towards being a recreational activity with a formalized body of knowledge, skills and practices imbued with a Chinese sense of identity suitable for the modern class of urban and educated Chinese citizens. It is my belief that these efforts were a very important factor in why the practice of martial arts today is so closely associated with concepts of self-cultivation. This repositioning of Chinese martial arts was driven by a schism between the traditionalists who defended the beliefs and practices from the imperial age of China, and the modernists who saw the complete adoption of Western technologies and concepts as the only course for the modernization of China. Due to the shifting politics around education, understandings of the body and its representation in society, the efforts to preserve traditional practices were complicated through the dynamics related to identity and state power. The field of martial arts was criticized by reformists and modernists such as those involved with the New Culture Movement, who argued that China needed to embrace scientific notions of the Western nations and abandon "feudal superstitions." Within this context, the field of traditional Chinese martial arts was stigmatized by associations with the failed Boxer Rebellion, the diversity of practices and the secrecy that existed between different schools of practice. In response to the modernity movements that criticized the traditional systems of belief that martial artists drew upon to substantiate their systems of practice as a recreational pursuit, associations such as the Jingwu Tiyu Hui and the Zhongyang Guoshuguan were formed according to Western institutional models as part of the effort to unify and "modernize" Chinese martial arts. The teachers and administrators involved with these institutions wanted to preserve the practice of martial arts, and to accomplish this they had to develop new ways to systemize the training methods, essentially reinventing them by promoting them to a new generation of students in a format that had never existed before.<br>À travers cet essai, j'examine la façon dont les pratiquants d'arts martiaux dans l'ère républicaine de la Chine étaient impliqués dans le but de réinventer ce qu'incarnait le domaine des arts martiaux à une époque où la culture physique était traitée comme un instrument de construction de la nation en réponse au discours colonial et au processus de modernisation. Les arts martiaux ont été repositionnés à partir d'un ensemble de personnes indirectement associés qui se livraient à un ensemble de combats et qui concentraient leurs compétences sur des entraînements aux armes encourageant le tir à l'arc et le combat à la lance, afin de devenir une activité de loisir avec un corps formalisé de connaissances, de compétences et de pratiques imprégnées avec une identité chinoise adapté à la classe moderne urbaine et de citoyens chinois éduquée. Ceci est ma conviction que ces efforts ont été un facteur très important dans la raison pour laquelle la pratique des arts martiaux aujourd'hui est si étroitement associée aux concepts de la culture de soi.Ce repositionnement des arts martiaux chinois fut motivé par le schisme entre les traditionalistes qui défendaient leurs croyances et leurs pratiques de l'époque impériale de la Chine, et les modernistes qui, eux, ont vu l'adoption complète de technologies et de concepts occidentaux comme le seul mouvement bénéfique à la modernisation de la Chine. En raison de la politique à travers l'éducation, la compréhension du corps et de sa représentation dans la société, les efforts visant à préserver les pratiques traditionnelles ont été compliquées par la dynamique liée à l'identité et le pouvoir de l'état. Le domaine des arts martiaux a été critiqué par les réformistes et les modernistes incluant ceux qui furent impliqués dans le « New Culture movement», qui a fait valoir que la Chine devait embrasser des notions scientifiques des pays occidentaux et abandonner leurs «superstitions féodales. » Dans ce contexte, le domaine des arts martiaux traditionnels a été stigmatisé par des liens avec la révolte des Boxers, la diversité des pratiques et la discrétion qui existait entre les différentes écoles de pratique.En réponse aux mouvements de modernité qui ont critiqué les systèmes de croyances traditionnels dont les pratiquants d'arts martiaux ont fait appel à l'appui de leurs systèmes pour justifier leur pratique comme une forme de loisir, des associations telles que les Jingwu Tiyu Hui et le Zhongyang Guoshuguan ont été formés selon les modèles occidentaux institutionnels dans le but d'unifier et de , en quelque sorte , moderniser les arts martiaux chinois. Les enseignants et les administrateurs concernés par ces institutions voulaient préserver la pratique des arts martiaux, et pour ce faire ils ont dû développer des nouvelles façons de systématiser les méthodes de formation, les réinventer en les promouvant à une nouvelle génération d'étudiants sous une forme qui n'avaient jamais existé auparavant.
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Osborn, Connie J. (Connie Jo) 1969. "Martial arts academy : an examination of duration and discrepancy." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/69429.
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Thesis (M.Arch.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 2001.<br>Includes bibliographical references (leave 45).<br>Other than the martial component, the primary concern for many of the martial arts is answering the question, "what is self?". The task of answering that question has historically belonged to the martial arts to the extent that they both came out of Buddhist schools of thought. For many of the martial arts self knowledge is one of the principle components. Both Buddhism and Taoism talk about a 'way' of the world, which is also the 'way' of self. Self is the same for everyone as all beings are cut from the same cloth of self. When one asks the question "what is self?", it is quite surmising to hear that self has no inherent features. We have all heard the Buddhist claim that 'all is void', and will probably be more surprised to discover that this means that there is in fact no self at all. The significance of this is revealed when one experiences that the nature of all things is change. This is why there are no features to self, as soon as one defines self, that limited definition falls away and is replaced by a new one. The discovery of this is not as efacing as it may seem, as it offers in exchange for a fixed self, one that can accommodate all things. It is void that permits the presence of things. According to Buddhist thought, all suffering arises from the desire to have things remain the same. Accepting that they won't or can't liberates the self to the enjoyment of being in present time. The immediacy and inherent meaning in all things becomes infinitely available. Within change it is evident that all things are continuous, without distinction one from the other. In every sense, self belongs to the greater body of all existence. In martial arts the practice of meditation is essential. The first lesson of meditation is often to simply observe ones breath. In the observation of the full duration of breathing, the constancy of change becomes apparentand the experiencing of the exclusive truth of now is layed bare. In the performance of martial arts this is vital. As soon as the artists mind stops or fixes in a particular moment, fear may enter, or she may rely on thought rather than being to perform and thus lose the fluidity of free action and become victim to defeat. If in the design of a martial arts academy it was the intention of the architecture to provide evidence of change, it would not be necessary to create change because change is happening at all times and in all places. It may only be necessary to call attention to it. In tracing the lines of overflow of the Rio-Grande River for the course of forty recorded years, I reaffirmed the truth of change. While examining the discrepancy between and among each line I could not find the defining line of the river. I wanted to build th is into the architecture, and so this became my thesis.<br>by Connie J. Osborn.<br>M.Arch.
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Almeida, Sebastião Carlos Ferreira de. "Mixed Martial Arts (MMA) no Brasil: masculinidades em disputa." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2016. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/5761.
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Previous issue date: 2016-06-10<br>The following study consists in a sociological analysis about the production of manhood styles in
the universe of Mixed Martial Arts (MMA), from an ethnographic research made with a group of
physical fight practitioners in the city named Goiânia-GO. Thus, it points out to the relevance of
consumption and the interference of the market in the construction of some symbolic repertoire
about manhood seen as essentials and/or primordials, discussing how the subjects seize and
embody such an imaginary thing amidst stress, ambivalences and disputes. The document is
organized into five chapters. In the first, I talk about the questionable utilization of physical
fights and martial arts as an invented tradition, as an orientalist play, in the configuration of
imaginary communities. In the second, I talk about the appearance of MMA coming from the
Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC), giving focus to historical and sociological aspects that
takes part in the symbolic economy in which establishes some manly speeches that are important
for involved agents with the dynamic of manhoods in question. The third chapter brings thoughts
about implied codes to the expression of manhoods in the universe of fighters where it was
realized the field research, emphasizing the usage of signs associated to the genre relations with
the production of relevant styles of the habitus of fighters. I develop discussions about the
acceptance of the speech of order and the discipline of the contributors in the fourth chapter, in
order to determine how interactions with women and other manhoods go through the influence
of conservative opinion; and how much this dynamic is responsible for the creation of conflicts
in this universe. The fifth chapter talks about the biographies of iconic fighters in several levels
of the field topology embodied by fighters and referees that take part of the cultural goods
market around MMA and UFC. So I posit that the fight that brought the thoughts about
manhoods in this study highlights the stress around the sexuality, of questions related to family
and to work; and before it means a sportivization, it indicates an intense civilizing process, as it
allows the fruition an uncontrolled control of the emotions and makes evident tools of social
control. The respect and affection of traditional institutes like family and heterosexuality, like the
possibility of social ascension through MMA, require from the fighters a self-sacrifice that
reinstalls in the contemporaneous scenario the perspective of the individual discipline as a
resource to the success. This process allow us to imply that dynamics and rhetoric of market
(re)products styles of manhoods seen as “non corruptible” by the present day, such elements
being appropriate by interested agents in the symbolic capital that is inherent in the form of
disputes for hegemony.
Keywords: Mixed Martial Arts, manhoods; uncontrolled control; imaginary communities;
market of symbolic goods.<br>O presente estudo consiste em uma análise sociológica da produção de estilos de masculinidades
no universo do Mixed Martial Arts (MMA), a partir de uma pesquisa de caráter etnográfico
realizada junto a um grupo de praticantes de lutas corporais na cidade de Goiânia-GO. Aponta,
assim, para a pertinência do consumo e para a interferência do mercado na construção de certo
repertório simbólico sobre masculinidades tidas como essenciais e/ou primordiais, discutindo
como os sujeitos apropriam-se e corporificam tal imaginário em meio a tensões, ambivalências e
disputas. O texto está organizado em cinco capítulos. No primeiro, discorro sobre a problemática
das lutas corporais e das artes marciais enquanto tradição inventada utilizada, enquanto peça
orientalista, na conformação de comunidades imaginadas. No segundo, abordo o surgimento do
MMA a partir do Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC), focando aspectos históricos e
sociológicos que participam da economia simbólica dentro da qual se instalam discursos e
retóricas viris importantes para agentes envolvidos com a dinâmica da masculinidade em
questão. O terceiro capítulo traz reflexões a respeito de códigos implícitos à expressão de
masculinidades no universo de lutadores onde foi realizada a pesquisa de campo, realçando o
manejo de signos associados às relações de gênero com a produção de estilos relevadores de
habitus de lutadores. Desenvolvo discussões sobre uma apropriação do discurso da ordem e da
disciplina por parte dos colaboradores no quarto capítulo, no sentido de apontar como interações
com mulheres e outras masculinidades sofrem a influência de disposições conservadoras; e o
quanto tal dinâmica é responsável pela produção de conflitos nesse universo. O quinto capítulo
aborda a questão das biografias de lutadores emblemáticos em diversos níveis da topologia do
campo constituído por lutadores e mediadores que participam do mercado de bens culturais em
torno do MMA e do UFC. Postulo que a luta de que se lançou mão para as reflexões sobre
masculinidades nesse estudo realça a tensão em torno da sexualidade, de questões relacionadas à
família e ao trabalho; e antes de significar uma desportivização, indica um acirramento do
processo civilizatório, na medida em que permite a fruição de um descontrole controlado das
emoções e evidencia ferramentas de controle social. A valorização de instituições tradicionais
como a família e a heterossexualidade, bem como a possibilidade de ascensão social através do
MMA, exigem de lutadores um auto sacrifício que reinstala no cenário contemporâneo a
perspectiva da ascese individual como recurso para o sucesso. Este processo permite inferir que
dinâmicas e retóricas de mercado (re)produzem estilos de masculinidades tidos como “não
corrompidos” pela modernidade, sendo tais elementos apropriados por agentes interessados no
capital simbólico que lhes é inerente sob a forma de disputas por hegemonia.
Palavras-chave: Mixed Martial Arts; masculinidades; descontrole controlado; comunidades
imaginadas; mercado de bens simbólicos.
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Schachner, Jennifer Ann. "The Effects of Modified Martial Arts on Older Adults." Thesis, The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10824583.
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<p> Older adults are at a high risk for falls and diseases that can be prevented or controlled by achieving the recommended daily amounts of activity as outlined by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (2008). Despite this knowledge, older adults continue to be the least active demographic in the United States, not only placing them at higher risk for disease, but increased risk of falls and decreases in quality of life (Bean, Vora, & Frontera, 2004; Nelson, Rejeski, Blair, Duncan & Judge, 2007). The objective for this project was to implement a modified martial arts program for older adults over the age of 60, and determine its impact on physical performance measures and self-efficacy. Testing the working hypothesis that participating in a modified martial arts program increased strength, endurance, balance and self-efficacy of adults over the age of 60 achieved this aim. The approach to testing this hypothesis was to conduct a pre-post intervention study, where participants over the age of 60 were tested on the Sit to Stand, 8-foot Up and Go, Arm Curl, 4-point Balance Scale and Self-efficacy for Exercise Scale (SEE) before and after a 12-week modified martial arts program. The rationale of this research was based on preliminary findings that strongly suggested that martial arts programs have positive effects on participants, but studies had not fully addressed older populations or the modifications needed to make older adult training more effective. New findings in this regard provided further evidence of the effectiveness of a modified martial arts program in increasing the muscle strength, muscle endurance, balance and self-efficacy in adults over the age of 60. This project is significant in that it identified the extent to which martial arts training could be a safe, effective and engaging exercise opportunity, thereby encouraging greater participation in physical activity among older adults. </p><p>
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Lee, Jeong-Hak. "The martial arts and western sport in socio-culture /." The Ohio State University, 1993. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487848078450951.
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Castillo, Gilbert Gerard. "Gender, Identity, and Influence: Hong Kong Martial Arts Films." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2002. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc3354/.
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This project is an examination of the Hong Kong film industry, focusing on the years leading up to the handover of Hong Kong to communist China. The influence of classical Chinese culture on gender representation in martial arts films is examined in order to formulate an understanding of how these films use gender issues to negotiate a sense of cultural identity in the face of unprecedented political change. In particular, the films of Hong Kong action stars Michelle Yeoh and Brigitte Lin are studied within a feminist and cultural studies framework for indications of identity formation through the highlighting of gender issues.
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Heath, Christopher J. "Assessment of Cognitive Performance in Mixed Martial Arts Athletes." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2014. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc699950/.
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Incidents and awareness of sports-related concussion have grown in recent years, attracting attention in both the academic and popular press. These concussions can lead to the rapid onset of neurological dysfunctions, as well as a variety of subjective symptoms. Although concussive sequelae are typically considered transient, debate remains about the persistent effects of repeated traumatic contact during sport participation. Although research has examined the complications of head trauma found in traditionally popular sports (e.g., football, soccer, boxing), little research has focused on the growing sport of mixed-martial-arts (MMA). Research specifically pertaining to MMA is in nascent stages, but to-date studies suggest that concussive injuries for this sport are prevalent and the training regimens of these athletes may place them at a high risk for concussive or subconcussive head traumas—as well as the accompanying neurological difficulties. The current study is the first to assess cognitive profiles of MMA athletes using an objective neuropsychological assessment instrument. Among 56 athletes (28 MMA athletes and 28 athletes not exposed to head traumas), no neuropsychological differences were found between groups of athletes. Additionally, no aspects of MMA training regimen shared a reliable relationship with neuropsychological performance or subjective concussive symptoms. This suggests non-professional participation in MMA may not typically pose a significant risk for cumulative concussions and associated adverse neuropsychological consequences.
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Lee, Chi-ho. "Chinese Wushu Centre." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1997. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B25955962.
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Wilson, Ian Douglas. "The politics of inner power: the practice of pencak silat in West Java." Thesis, Wilson, Ian Douglas (2002) The politics of inner power: the practice of pencak silat in West Java. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2002. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/408/.
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Pencak silat is a form of martial arts indigenous to the Malay derived ethnic groups that populate mainland and island Southeast Asia. Far from being merely a form of selfdefense, pencak silat is a pedagogic method that seeks to embody particular cultural and social ideals within the body of the practitioner. The history, culture and practice ofpencak in West Java is the subject of this study.
As a form of traditional education, a performance art, a component of ritual and community celebrations, a practical form of self-defense, a path to spiritual enlightenment, and more recently as a national and international sport, pencak silat is in many respects unique. It is both an integrative and diverse cultural practice that articulates a holistic perspective on the world centering upon the importance of the body as a psychosomatic whole.
Changing socio-cultural conditions in Indonesia have produced new forms of pencak silat. Increasing government intervention in pencak silat throughout the New Order period has led to the development of nationalized versions that seek to inculcate state-approved values within the body of the practitioner. Pencak silat groups have also been mobilized for the purpose of pursuing political aims. Some practitioners have responded by looking inwards, outlining a path to self-realization framed by the powers, flows and desires found within the body itself. Others have developed styles that reflect the demands made upon them by their immediate environment.
Viewed historically these changes in the practice of pencak silat provides insights into the impact of broader processes of social and cultural change at the level of individual bodies and the institutions through which they are constructed; a politics of the body, its potentialities, limits and 'legitimate' use.
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Wilson, Ian Douglas. "The politics of inner power : the practice of pencak silat in West Java /." Access via Murdoch University Digital Theses Project, 2002. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20040210.100853.
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Gonzales, Rey Carlo Tan. "Filipino martial arts and the construction of Filipino national identity." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2015. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/filipino-martial-arts-and-the-construction-of-filipino-national-identity(62dc3e99-ad1a-46ea-936f-9a0c4bf196c0).html.
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This dissertation explores the construction of Filipino national identity by examining the Philippine national government’s appropriation of Filipino Martial Arts (FMA) between 1975 and 2010. FMA’s nationalization offers a window into the larger dynamics of nation-building in the Philippines. Having been colonized for nearly four centuries (1565-1946), the Philippine national government reified the Filipino nation by appropriating older symbols as national ones, and with the purpose of articulating a unique Filipino national identity. The nationalization of FMA is analyzed using Benedict Anderson’s constructivist interpretation of nations as ‘imagined communities’. The dissertation argues that in order to understand the logic behind the national government’s nation-building project using FMA, Filipino postcolonial anxieties over national identity (or their perceived lack of) must be taken into consideration. In this regard, FMA’s nationalization is engaged with Anthony Smith’s concept of the ethnie (ethnic community). Studying the history of how decentralized indigenous martial arts practice became institutionalized in FMA clubs, the dissertation finds that FMA as an ethnographic concept was formulated mainly since the 1970s in consonance with its commercialization, increasing popularity and nationalization. By looking at how national identity is represented in FMA films and in reconstructions of the national hero Lapulapu, the dissertation argues that FMA practitioners seek to highlight their localized identities by inserting their own symbols and interpretations into the national identity being articulated. This process, termed the ‘reverse appropriation’ of nationalism, was a way for FMA clubs to preserve their local institutions and identities from being totally consumed by the nationalization and nation-building project.
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Vargas, Alexandro Garcia. "Psychological Effects of Training in Martial Arts After Interpersonal Trauma." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/6695.
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Individuals who experience a traumatic event may have an adverse emotional reaction that negatively impacts their quality of life. The purpose of this qualitative phenomenological study was to explore the influence of training in the martial arts as an intervention in the treatment of interpersonal trauma. The biopsychosocial model provided the framework for the study. The research questions addressed the effects of training in the martial arts and the biological, psychological, and social functioning of individuals who had sustained a form of interpersonal trauma. Data were collected from semistructured interviews with 9 participants. Data were analyzed using Moustakas's modified van Kamm method. Findings indicated that martial arts training was transformative and positive for participants. Benefits included mentorship, a sense of achievement, increased confidence, better parenting, and recovery from substance abuse. Findings may be used to promote martial arts training as a treatment intervention for people who have experienced interpersonal trauma.
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Agojo, Stephan. "Sensor Based Motion Tracking and Recognition in Martial Arts Training." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-363724.
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In various martial arts, competitors are interested in quantifying and categorising techniques which are exercised during training. The implementation of embedded systems into training gear, especially a portable wireless body worn system, based on inertial sensors, facilitates the quantification and categorisation of forces and accelerations involved during the training of martial arts. The scope of this paper is to give a brief overview of contemporary technology and devices, describe key methods that are implemented in such devices and as well to provide a project outline. For this reason a literature research was carried out using search engines and databases. The search yielded that devices are capable of tracking activities of daily life; however only one product was found which can track and recognise techniques applied in martial arts training just for the upper body. The realisation of a sensor based tracking system which can track and classify different exercises is possible with present technology. Even so, different challenges such as implementing a sensor fusion and classifier algorithm need to be overcome. Therefore, the project development has to be viewed as an iterative process.
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Plush, Matthew. "Understanding physical and physiological characteristics in mixed martial arts athletes." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2021. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/2429.
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Mixed martial arts (MMA) is a combat sport that includes striking and grappling contested under a unified ruleset. While research exists investigating various physical and physiological characteristics that are potential indicators of greater performance in MMA, there is no consensus on which characteristics are essential to performance and best practice for assessment of such characteristics. Strength has been identified as a predictor of performance in combat sports including MMA, wrestling, and Brazilian Jiu Jitsu (BJJ). Aerobic and anaerobic conditioning has been explored in combat sports including BJJ, judo, boxing, kickboxing, and MMA and have varying relationships to higher-level performance. Characteristics such as repeat effort ability, flexibility and body composition have also been investigated but the literature lacks depth and nuance. It may also be important to consider athletes from diverse combat backgrounds may show a range of physiological profiles, while still being competitive under the same unified ruleset. As such, there are a multitude of technical and physiological characteristics that contribute to competitive success. Developing a single scientific assessment that can predict competitive outcomes poses great difficulty due to the complexity of MMA. While previous research has investigated some important physiological characteristics, there is no accepted best-practice for a comprehensive testing battery. As such, this study aimed to design and utilize a battery of physiological assessments to cover aerobic and anaerobic function, maximal strength, force generation, body composition and repeat effort ability in Australian MMA athletes. Six participants (height: 174.5 ± 5.7 cm, body mass: 84.5 ± 23.4 kg, age: 25.7 ± 4.7 years) with differing competitive experience were recruited. Testing involved one familiarization and three experimental sessions. Experimental session one encompassed countermovement jump assessment and a Wingate anaerobic test, experimental session two included the isometric midthigh pull and repeat sled push test while experimental session three concluded with a DEXA scan and a graded treadmill exercise test. Each experimental session was separated by 48 hours. The battery designed for this study was comprehensive based on the characteristics identified by previous research and considerate of current best practice methods in athlete testing. We found that the comprehensive battery was feasible for athletes to complete within seven days including familiarisation days and could be used in both practical and research settings Results showed that regional Australian MMA athletes possess similar physiological characteristics to elite standards in measures including strength (mean strength 3.32 ± 0.67 N/kg; range 2.44 – 4.09 N/kg), anaerobic capacity (mean average power 614.17 ± 89.15 W; range 510 – 770 W) and aerobic capacity (mean VO2max 54.06 ± 13.83 ml/kg/min; range 31.15 – 70.14 ml/kg/min) while countermovement jumps (mean jump height 27.02 ± 6.3 cm; range 17.85 – 33.34 cm) were well under elite standards compared with values taken from a range of sources. While comparisons to other populations should be seen as speculative due to the small sample size, this is the first Australian-only sample of MMA athletes assessed using these measures. The results of this thesis can help inform athletes, researchers, and support staff alike when deciding upon which testing protocols to use for MMA athletes. Future research should aim to develop normative data using the battery proposed in the current study.
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Harpold, Matthew E. "The mental cage a qualitative analysis of the mental game in the sport of mixed martial arts /." Click here to access dissertation, 2008. http://www.georgiasouthern.edu/etd/archive/spring2008/matthew_e_harpold/harpold_matthew_e_200801_ms.pdf.
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Thesis (M.S.)--Georgia Southern University, 2008.<br>"A dissertation submitted to the Graduate Faculty of Georgia Southern University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Master of Science." Under the direction of Daniel R. Czech. ETD. Electronic version approved: May 2008. Includes bibliographical references (p. 59-63) and appendices.
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Buckler, Scott R. "Sects and violence : development of an inclusive taxonomy to hermeneutically explore the histo-philosophical motivators for the inception and development of the martial art, Wing Chun Kuen." Thesis, Coventry University, 2010. http://curve.coventry.ac.uk/open/items/4b1d8ab6-a860-4d0d-887d-67e73a7b18c5/1.
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Martial arts participation rates exceed those reported for a number of higher- profile physical activities (Sport England, 2002), however little research has been conducted to investigate the purported motivation and benefits participants derive (e.g. Jones, McKay and Peters, 2006; Ko, Kim and Valacich, 2010). A specific area often discussed is the notion of personal growth (Ko et al., 2010), either through a form of psychotherapy (e.g. Monahan, 2007), extenuating what may be deemed positive personality attributes (e.g. Kurian, Caterion and Kulhavy, 1993), lowering depression (e.g. Bodin and Martinsen, 2004), reducing aggression (e.g. Twemlow, Sacco and Fonagy, 2008) or reducing stress (e.g. Yan and Downing, 1998). Such personal growth is deemed to be transformatory in nature (e.g. Lancaster, 2004; Luskin, 2004; Hartelius, Caplan and Rardin, 2007). Due to issues of generalisability within martial arts research (e.g. Jones et al., 2006), one style which has lacked a tradition of academic research has been selected for a case study. Wing Chun is a unique style, developing exponentially over the past forty years: a style which retains its fighting heritage, utilising exclusive training methods (e.g. Rawcliffe, 2003). Given the pragmatic nature of Wing Chun, an hermeneutic approach has been adopted to investigate the histo-philosophical motivation for the inception of the style to provide a context from which to explore current participant motivation. Initially, an inclusive theoretical taxonomy has been developed for subsequent analysis. This hermeneutic analysis has been conducted through the development of a 360 degree mixed-methodological approach (e.g. Tashakkori and Teddlie, 2008) utilising exploratory and explanatory stages (e.g. Creswell and Plano-Clark, 2007) to ascertain the validity of the taxonomy. Findings are subsequently discussed in relation to the mixed-methodological approach.
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Ryan, Michael Joseph. "Hard knocks on a thick skull training the body for a "closed habitus" in a Venezuelan civilian combative art /." Diss., Online access via UMI:, 2007.
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McKeehan, James. "The art of martial behavior| Using martial arts as a behavioral intervention for children with autistic spectrum disorders." Thesis, Kaplan University, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1539969.
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<p> Preliminary studies suggest that martial arts participation may benefit children with Autism. Following on existing pilot studies, this investigation conceptualized mixed martial arts in terms of Applied Behavior Analysis and considered the impact of a mixed martial arts program designed for children with Autism on children's focus, attention, motor control, and social skills. This study followed two boys with Autism over the course of six weeks. Multiple behavioral observations, parent interviews, and instructor interview were conducted; Child Behavior Checklist and Gilliam Autism Rating Scale-2 were administered. One child, new to the program, evidenced dramatic gains in social skills, physical ability, respect, and overall attitude. A second child, participating in the program for more than a year, maintained previous gains in these same areas throughout the intervention. Results suggest that boys with Autism may benefit from participation in mixed martial arts training. Discussion considers advantages of martial arts over traditional behavior therapy for children with Autism, such as reduced cost, availability in most areas of the United States, and less stigmatization than a treatment setting.</p>
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McNally, Ian. "Internal Cultivation or External Strength?: Claiming Martial Arts in the Qing Period." The Ohio State University, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1557155402412377.
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Maier, Herbert N. "Measuring cognitive load management in a traditional martial arts training model." Diss., Texas A&M University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/2453.
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A training method utilized in a few martial arts was found to agree strongly with current cognitive psychology theory. Further study extracted a procedural model for learning a complex set of whole-body, dyadic motor skills involving high-speed, interactive, continuous situation assessment and decision making. A broader literature survey found relevance in several fields of research, supporting the definition of four performance dimensions in the activity. Data collected from one experienced student partnering with each of ten students of various experience levels was analyzed on these four dimensions. These dimensions were found sufficient to show both individual differences and changes across an instructional intervention. Strong correlations found under linear regression were supportive of anecdotal evidence from the model??s long empirical history in training. Data provided evidence of a self-organizing dynamic emerging from the interaction of a dyad participating in this activity, and of individual differences in cognitive resource management dynamically setting allocation priorities among specific aspects of a complex motor/cognitive activity. Highly individual responses demonstrate a mechanism for insight into students that are difficult to read. Numerous comparisons and contrasts show interactivity of performance dimensions. Impact is foreseen for research, training and testing in motor learning fields, as well as situation awareness, decision making and military tactical training. Further research is recommended to replicate these findings, test hypotheses derived from them, and to extend testing of the drill-network model into other fields of learning.
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Scalia, Peter. "Factors Associated With Head Trauma Among Professional Mixed Martial Arts Athletes." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/32979.
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Background: Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) is an enigma that has become synonymous with combat sports over the past few decades. Mixed martial arts (MMA) is a combat sport that is growing in popularity world-wide. The objective of this study is to determine the factors associated with head trauma among MMA athletes. Methods: Logistic regression analyses using SPSS 20 was employed to model putative covariates against the dichotomous outcomes of unconsciousness (for the full dataset) and diagnosed concussion (for the enriched subset of fighters who were rendered unconscious). Results: Increasing age, black or African-American ethnicity, shorter rest periods between fights, increasing numbers of significant clinch strikes landed, significant distance body strikes landed and power strikes landed to the body at distance are all factors associated with being diagnosed with a concussion among the fighters rendered unconscious. Conclusion: If bolstered by confirming laboratory and clinical evidence, policies should be developed for implementation by MMA governing bodies to help reduce incidences of head trauma and concussion, built around fighters’ demographic and behavioural characteristics. In particular, enforcing a mandatory rest period between fights and placing an upper limit on fighters’ age are ideas worth exploring.
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Azoulay, Liat. "The body as a vehicle for empowerment : women and martial arts." Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=99161.
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Problem. Oppressive cultural and social representations are inscribed on the body and intersect with women's subjective identity.<br>Objective. The present study explores the use of the body as a vehicle for resistance against such inscriptions.<br>Method. The practice of martial arts is investigated as one of the means of empowerment for women. Quantitative methods were used to compare the levels of empowerment in a group of women who practice martial arts versus a comparison group of women who do not practice martial arts.<br>Results. Quantitative analysis revealed that while no differences were found in overall empowerment scores between the two groups, differences were found on the subscales of empowerment. Women who practice martial arts demonstrated lower levels of Righteous Anger on the empowerment scale than women who do not practice martial arts. Closely reaching statistical significance, women who practice martial arts demonstrated higher levels of Control on the empowerment scale.
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Doeg, Andrew. "Outside the Cage: The Political Campaign to Destroy Mixed Martial Arts." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2013. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/5627.
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This is an early history of Mixed Martial Arts in America. It focuses primarily on the political campaign to ban the sport in the 1990s and the repercussions that campaign had on MMA itself. Furthermore, it examines the censorship of music and video games in the 1990s. The central argument of this work is that the political campaign to ban Mixed Martial Arts was part of a larger political movement to censor violent entertainment. Connections are shown in the actions and rhetoric of politicians who attacked music, video games and the Ultimate Fighting Championship on the grounds that it glorified violence. The political pressure exerted on the sport is largely responsible for the eventual success and widespread acceptance of MMA. The pressure forced the sport to regulate itself and transformed it into something more acceptable to mainstream America.<br>M.A.<br>Masters<br>History<br>Arts and Humanities<br>History
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Chapman, Kristopher Paul. "Inside the Dojo : participation and performance in the Japanese martial arts." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.417012.
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Vaittinen, Anu Maarit. "Varieties of embodied knowing : an ethnographic study of mixed martial arts." Thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/2534.
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This PhD explores the embodied practices and experiences of Mixed Martial Arts (MMA) practitioners and coaches with a specific focus on exploring the process through which different varieties of embodied knowing are developed. A contemporary full contact combat sport, Mixed Martial Arts is an amalgamation of various disciplines of unarmed combat sports and arts. Over the course of this thesis, I develop an understanding of the processes and varieties of experiential knowing that are, I argue, central to MMA. The hybrid and evolving nature of this contemporary sport enables me to draw analytical attention to the ongoing craft of developing experientially ways of knowing. I demonstrate how embodied ways of knowing MMA are developed in practice through experience and in reciprocal relation to the surrounding environment. I attend in particular to the interplay of the corporeal, perceptual, social and intersubjective constituents of these processes. My analysis is guided by an interdisciplinary and phenomenologically oriented framework which draws from the phenomenology of Merleau-Ponty, anthropological studies on ‘ways of knowing’, physical cultural studies and sociology of embodiment. This study reveals how practitioners engage with processes of enskillment and body pedagogies as central elements to understanding the ways in which skills are developed for MMA. By exploring the practices of MMA coaches in depth, I provide analytical insight into coaching as a distinct skill and how this is developed. Thus this study extends the understanding of knowing MMA beyond skill through a consideration of the experiential ways of knowing of pain and injury, exploring how tacit and explicit understandings of different kinds of pain are developed through practice in interactions with other practitioners and coaches. I examine the intertwining of injury stories, experiences and practices shared between fellow mixed martial artists and coaches to offer insight to how the management, treatment, negotiation and the culture of training whilst injured develop into specific ways of knowing injury. My findings contribute substantially to an emerging body of work that has begun to explore the potential of phenomenology, for study of embodiment, physical culture and, I argue, to how ways of knowing sport are achieved in practice. My analysis is based on insider participant-observation data collected during a twelve-month period of ethnographic fieldwork in two MMA gyms in the North-East of England, complemented by nineteen semi-structured interviews with non-elite recreational MMA practitioners, fighters and coaches.
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Thomas, Jason E. "Exploring Primary Target Market Segment Buyer Motivation for Martial Arts Businesses." Thesis, Northcentral University, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10143682.
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<p> The martial arts industry is experiencing a period of immense growth, which has created a highly competitive environment where challenges in attracting and retaining customers cause substantial losses and an inability to compete effectively. Customer memberships are the primary revenue source for firms in the fitness services industry. Understanding buyer motivation is essential for marketing message creation and product development to attract and retain customers. The purpose of this qualitative, exploratory, single-case study was to investigate parent purchase motivation for children’s martial arts classes and to document internal buying motives in order to address the problem of acquiring and retaining customers in the commercialized martial arts industry. The qualitative, exploratory, single-case study consisted of seven parents with 6- to 12-year-old children enrolled in a martial arts school in Lakeway, Texas; two instructors working with the children and parents; and two owners of the school responsible for marketing. The data collection methods were semistructured interviews comprising open-ended questions that were audio-recorded. Interviews were analyzed using NVivo<sup> ®</sup> qualitative analysis software, which was used for coding and identifying themes. The semistructured interviews helped identify 10 themes. Seven of the themes validate and expand upon current themes discussed in the literature. Three new themes—ease of participation, alternative to team sports, and convenience—were uncovered. The findings of the study contribute to the theory of planned behavior, as well as other theories used to predict behavior, and may be used to predict purchase behavior. Recommendations for practice include refinements of product offerings and marketing messages and the creation of a new marketing segment, resulting in business alignment with customers and increased ability to attract and retain customers for commercialized martial arts schools, which is one of the largest challenges in the fitness industry. Future research is recommended to replicate this study in other geographies, to use the data gathered in this study to seed qualitative research studies, and to weigh the relative influence of the three types of behaviors influencing intention in the theory of planned behavior.</p>
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Esterman, Jennifer Ann. "A Program Evaluation of a Martial Arts Therapy Program for Children." Wright State University Professional Psychology Program / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wsupsych1307996104.
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House, Shaun D. "Ye Si Ye Jong: a Martial Arts Approach to Business Ethics." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2013. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc407848/.
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The purpose of this dissertation is to offer a new approach to business ethics grounded in the martial arts. This dissertation argues that traditional rules and regulations approaches to business ethics, though important, are inadequate. Such “top down” approaches must be complimented with corporate reform that comes “from the inside out.” The dissertation consults the martial arts to develop a core, multifaceted virtue – Ye Si Ye Jong – that ought to form the foundation for creating a corporate culture (or an ethos for business) that embraces a new approach to decision-making at every level of the organization – from the boards of directors, to individual employees. This dissertation frames the problem as a matter of corporate culture or ethos. This framing is a distinctive approach to corporate or business ethics in two respects: its emphasis on virtue and its integration of core concepts from the martial arts. This dissertation utilizes an uncommon example of business decision-making as its source for a case-study – a prominent university. While many may not think of colleges or universities as exemplars of common business activities, they do, in fact, provide a source of many ethical business dilemmas, both common and unique. Universities have boards of directors, consumers (students and others), and regularly evaluate many financial and cost accounting situations that are not unusual to most businesses. The Jerry Sandusky case at Penn State University provides an opportunity that is ripe for consideration of various business ethics decision-making and, as such, is analyzed later in this paper.
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Silva, Rodrigo Batalha. "Humor e motivação de atletas profissionais e amadores de mixed martial arts." Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, 2014. http://tede.udesc.br/handle/handle/297.
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Previous issue date: 2014-08-19<br>Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior<br>Introduction: Among the sports of combat (MEC) in the present, one has stood out by mixing techniques from other martial arts. This kind of sport is given the name of mixed martial arts (MMA). The large training load and the danger that the sport provides, can generate significant psychological changes in these athletes. It is important that arise further research on the psychological aspects of MMA athletes. Objectives: To investigate the mood and motivation of professional and amateur mixed martial arts athletes in training; and, through systematic review, analyze (a) the scientific production in the Sports Science on mixed martial arts and, (b) the scientific production of Psychology of Sport related to mixed martial arts. Method: This dissertation consists of studies of systematic and empirical reviews. The study included 46 athletes of mixed martial arts aged between 18 and 36 years. The instruments used were the Questionário de caracterização geral de atletas de MMA, Brunel Mood Scale and the Sport Motivation Scale. Data were collected in gyms with the athletes always at the beginning and end of the training, with a total of one to three training sessions. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 20.0 through the normality tests Shapiro-Wilk and in accordance with the proposed distribution, the Wilcoxon test, Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used. The significance level of p <0.05 was adopted. Systematic reviews followed the Prisma Protocol and searches occurred in SciELO, ScienceDirect and Web of Science databases. Results: It was found that the amateur and professional athletes are characterized by high school, they have another job besides being an athlete and most professionals compete in national or international events. The athletes showed the mood profile similar to the "iceberg profile". The training increased the fatigue of athletes as well as the fact that sponsored atletes changed their vigour. Athletes with scheduled fight showed changes in tension and anger of the athletes before and after training. Athletes with worse quality of sleep had altered levels of depression, vigour and fatigue. MMA athletes had high intrinsic motivation, average levels of extrinsic motivation and low amotivation. The identified regulation was higher in professional athletes. The amotivation was higher in athletes who reported having regular health. Conclusions: The athletes presented mood profile similar to the "iceberg". The training decreased the fatigue of athletes as well as the fact that sponsered athletes had an increase in vigour. The fact that athletes with scheduled fight had an increase in tension and anger before and after training. Athletes with worse sleep quality got worse in the levels of depression, vigour and fatigue. In motivation, MMA athletes are characterized to have a high level of intrinsic motivation, especially internal motivation for stimulating experiences, low amotivation and medium levels of extrinsic motivation, especially the identified regulation.<br>Introdução: Dentre as modalidades esportivas de combate (MEC) existentes na atualidade, uma vem se destacando por misturar técnicas de outras lutas. A esse tipo de esporte dá-se o nome de artes marciais misturadas ou mixed martial arts (MMA). A grande carga de treinamento e o perigo que a modalidade proporciona, pode gerar alterações psicológicas importantes nesses atletas. É importante que surjam novas investigações sobre os aspectos psicológicos de atletas de MMA. Objetivos: Investigar o humor e a motivação de atletas profissionais e amadores de mixed martial arts em treinamento; e, através de revisões sistemáticas, analisar (a) a produção científica nas Ciências da Esporte sobre mixed martial arts e, (b) a produção científica da Psicologia do Esporte relacionada ao mixed martial arts. Método: Esta dissertação é composta por estudos de revisão sistemática e empíricos. Participaram do estudo 46 atletas de mixed martial arts com idades entre 18 e 36 anos. Os instrumentos utilizados foram o Questionário de caracterização geral de atletas de MMA, Escala de humor de Brunel e a Escala de Motivação Esportiva. Os dados foram coletados nas academias junto aos atletas sempre ao início e ao final dos treinos, com o total de um a três sessões de treinamento. Os dados foram tratados pelo programa estatístico SPSS versão 20.0, através dos testes de normalidade Shapiro-Wilk e de acordo com a distribuição apresentada, foram utilizados os testes Wilcoxon, Mann-Whitney e Kruskal-Wallis. Foi adotado o nível de significância p< 0,05. As revisões sistemáticas seguiram o Protocolo Prisma e as buscas ocorreram nas bases de dados Scielo, ScienceDirect e Web of Science. Resultados: Verificou-se que os atletas amadores e profissionais se caracterizam por ter Ensino Médio, possuírem outra profissão além de ser atleta e a maioria dos profissionais competem em eventos nacionais ou internacionais. Os atletas apresentaram o perfil de humor semelhante ao de iceberg . Os treinamentos aumentaram a fadiga dos atletas, bem como o fato de possuir patrocínio alterou o vigor. Atletas com luta marcada apresentam alteração na tensão e raiva dos atletas antes e depois do treinamento. Atletas com pior qualidade do sono apresentam alterações nos níveis de depressão, vigor e fadiga. Atletas de MMA possuem elevada motivação intrínseca, níveis médios de motivação extrínseca e baixa amotivação. A regulação identificada foi maior nos atletas profissionais. A amotivação foi maior nos atletas que relatam ter saúde regular. Conclusões: Os atletas apresentam perfil de humor semelhante ao de iceberg . Os treinamentos diminuíram a fadiga dos atletas, bem como o fato de possuir patrocínio foi um fator de aumento do vigor. O fato de os atletas estarem com luta marcada, aumentou a tensão e raiva dos atletas antes e depois do treinamento. Atletas com pior qualidade do sono apresentam piora nos níveis de depressão, vigor e fadiga. Na motivação, os atletas de MMA se caracterizam por possuir um elevado nível de motivação intrínseca, com destaque para a motivação interna para experiências estimulantes, baixa amotivação e níveis médios de motivação extrínseca, com destaque para a regulação identificada.
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Wu, Yuen-wai Helena, and 胡婉慧. "Beyond rivers and lakes: a cultural study of jianghu." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2011. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B46290230.
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Hambly, Deborah J. "Spiritual experiences of women in physical activity, sport, martial arts and dance." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0001/MQ28893.pdf.
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Tsai, Yen-ping, and 蔡彥平. "The culture compare of Taiwan martial arts and Japan martial arts －Core by fist and budo－." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/07725326477696675075.
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碩士<br>大葉大學<br>應用外語研究所<br>100<br>「When we talk about “Martial arts culture”, it is a active culture developing with human history and culture. Martial arts culture is different from literature, because besides characters and writing, the inheritance of Martial arts also can be preserved through body movement. This paper presents an understanding of Chinese martial arts to compare Taiwanese martial arts and Japanese martial arts and finds out theirs similarity and dissimilarity.
Firstly, we take “Chinese martial arts” which is the original Eastern martial arts as a standard to analyze the culture elements of martial arts. After that, we use these elements to analyze Taiwanese martial arts (quán) and Japanese martial arts (budō). Taiwanese martial arts and artists also are called “Quán” and “Martial Arts Master”. The development of Taiwanese martial arts definitely has relations to its development history. With the development of Taiwanese quán, we can know the relationship between Taiwanese folklore, humanities and history. In addition, by understanding the culture of Taiwanese quán, we would find it comes from Chinese martial arts and learns the characters from Japanese martial arts, too.
Japanese martial art is called “Budō” which is the combination of Japanese martial arts and term. This combination makes Japanese martial arts to have the character of arts. Besides, the birth of budō is also related to Bushido culture.
Bushido changes its form and combines with martial arts. For Japanese culture, I think martial art is the key to connect the culture of the past and modern society.
Taiwan and Japan has itself culture and also has itself uniqueness in structure, system and ideal of martial arts culture. Through culture communication, these two counties learn each other’s cultures and develop their similarity in culture. Now martial arts culture will become a new study of its internationality, communication, preservation and evolution in modern society.
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Mainland, Michael. "Martial Mind: Examining the Relationship among Martial Arts Participation, Identity, and Wellbeing." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/5626.
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For hundreds of years, supporters of the traditional Martial Arts have spoken of the ability to promote the personal development of the practitioner through serious training practices (Lu, 2008). The connection between personal development and mind-body training practices is illustrated in the Japanese concept of budo, which applies generally to “those Martial Arts that have more than a combat dimension” (Lawler, 1996, p.9). While the physical training is similar to other forms of combat (such as boxing or military training), it is the philosophical focus of the training as a form of personal development that makes budo a unique characteristic of certain forms of Martial Arts practice.
The current study attempts to examine the way in which training in the Martial Arts affects the overall lifestyle of the individual. Understanding the main relationship between Martial Arts participation and personal wellbeing, and how this is influenced by the identity of the participant, represents the central focus of the current study. While the main relationship being studied is the one between Martial Arts participation and well-being, there are several l factors at play in influencing this central relationship. Given the unique connection of mind and body in the practice of the Martial Arts, one factor that influences the relationship between Martial Arts participation and well-being is the spirituality of the individual practitioner. The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between Martial Arts participation and well-being, and to investigate how this central relationship is influenced by the associated concepts of identity, spirituality, serious leisure, motivation, and involvement. This study found that although Martial Arts participation displayed significant power in predicting wellbeing scores, the psycho-social factors associated with the training experience heavily shaped this relationship. The results of this study also suggest that it is not the style of Martial Arts participation, but the way the individual engages with the act of training and incorporates it into their daily life that separates individuals.
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Li, Zi-Jia, and 李子嘉. "Zheng Feng's Martial Arts Novels Female Show." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/sedd4f.
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碩士<br>國立臺北教育大學<br>台灣文化研究所<br>107<br>The martial arts novel is one of the most popular popular genres of Chinese.
In recent years, many scholars have been studied of martial arts novels. It can feel that martial arts novels are gradually getting importance.
The research theme of martial arts novels is gradually diversified. Authors, characters, themes, and then combine with western theories.It can be seen that the research scope of martial arts novels is very extensive.This thesis takes martial arts novels as the research article.The research method is based on western feminism.It focus on Female Consciousness in martial arts novels and exploring Female Characters’ thinking in Martial Arts .
In the previous research, the female consciousness of martial arts texts was explored not more. This thesis will focus on Zheng Feng’s martial arts writer And try to integrate the female consciousness of modern martial arts novels and combine both.Clarify the process of linking "martial arts" and "female consciousness".
This thesis chooses the work of Zheng Feng's writer as the discussion object.Zheng Feng is a martial arts rookie, the period was since 2007 until now. It also have been published works in succession.The second chapter begins with the evolution of female consciousness in modern martial arts texts. The era is cut into three stages, so that it can clarify the development of female consciousness in the martial arts texts of each eras.
In the third chapter, the time has been extended to the 21st century, linking with Zheng Feng’s work and using it as a comparison.And exploring the change of Female Consciousness in Zheng Feng's Works.Starting with "Sword of the Spirit", this is the beginning of the female consciousness in Zheng Feng's works, discussing the imaginary female emperor.
In the fourth chapter, the equality between the two sexes is presented by the "Qifeng different stone biography", and the female's ability is influenced by traditional thinking.
Exploring the ability between the two sexes is not different.
The fifth chapter is ends with "Life and Death Valley" as the first text of Zheng Feng with women as the main character, showing the improvement of women's status.Women can have outstanding talents, not just assist men, but also present the situation where male hegemony is everywhere. Through this situation, it shows the dilemma faced by women.
To sum up, this thesis takes Zheng Feng as a analysis case. Through the evolution of the female consciousness combined with the modern martial arts text. On the other hand, it also shows the change of female consciousness in Zheng Feng martial arts novel.
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Frank, Adam D. "Taijiquan and the search for the little old Chinese man ritualizing race through martial arts /." Thesis, 2003. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p3116307.
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Johnston, Ryan David. "Contemporary martial arts: self expression or self oppression?" Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/4078.
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This study examines notions of discipline as seen in the practice of commercial martial arts and the manner in which devotees and other stakeholders approach and negotiate with it. I present arguments explaining that it is the influence of the contemporary capitalist system that generates the perceived desire to produce and hone a particular type of discipline, which is translated into labour potential. I argue that martial arts are in fact intensely ambiguous, and that the genre ultimately serves as a shelter for practitioners as well as a jumping-off point into the spectrum of application, one that is deeply implicated in the production of subjectivity. This research is interdisciplinary and so should be used flexibly in application. This project will contribute to the advancement of our understanding of the martial arts in contemporary society and the role of the body within it.<br>Graduate
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Rodrigues, Fàbio Armando Matos. "Fighting for peace: a martial arts [Diversion] centre." Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/17584.
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“There is no keener revelation to a society’s soul than the way it treats its children”
-Nelson Mandela
In places deemed safe for our children, they are being exposed, tainted and scarred
by the darkness of crime - eight times as much as our adults. In desperation, some
of our children seek support within their dysfunctional families but they fail. As their
cries for a way out are unheard, the soul of our nation turns to crime as an alternative.
This thesis explores the physical and emotional instability of children as a result of
prevailing crime. Instability that, in cases, leads children into a life of crime. The look
into statistics regarding children and crime intensifies the urgency of the problem. The
aim of the new justice act is to divert children away from the formal justice system (a
fairly new approach launched in 2010). An interview with social worker Esmé Jacobs
pointed out that the use of a diversion center was a step in the right direction.
In this thesis, the use of Martial Arts is being promoted and highlighted as the diversion.
Martial Arts is used as a means to allow our brittle children to be nurtured, to be
integrated in a safe environment, to be guided onto the best path, and can be seen
as an alternative family entity. Martial arts was uncovered through its history and
philosophies, and analyzed through its structures and composition. The effects of the
practice of Martial Arts are prominent in the interview with Paul De Beer – an architect and one of the highest qualified aikido practitioners. De Beer introduces the look
into a Clinical Martial Arts Programme for rehabilitation for children at risk.
Martial Arts and nature are one. Architecturally, the concept embodies the amalgamation of nature and architectural design: The flow from one into the other; the
concepts of openness and all-inclusiveness within Martial Arts are points to respect
when creating the space for the recuperation of our children, and the architectural
challenge of giving our at-risk children a chance at life by creating a second home
and not an incarceration facility. Dojo Stara Wiés, the world’s largest performance
training centre and a home for Martial Arts and Martial Artists alike, offers a platform
to experience of the spirit, atmosphere and philosophy of Japanese Martial Arts. Dojo
Stara Wiés was analysed to correctly expose the connection between Martial Arts and
architecture and how they both embody the same energy and philosophies.
Site selection had the prerequisites of educational, recreational and community facilities.
Belief systems show the importance of water in cleansing and rebirth, therefore a
site with water was crucial as it would aid change. The above elements were a priority
when choosing a site so that children would be fully integrated within the environment and the community. Germiston Lake was chosen and analysed as the site for the
Diversion Centre.
A Martial Arts Diversion Centre: a young architect’s conscious effort to heal our children through the use of architecture in conjunction with the principles of Martial Arts.
“Architects today tend to depreciate themselves, to regard themselves as no more
than just ordinary citizens without the power to reform the future.”
– Kenzo Tange
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Lee, Yu-ing, and 李鈺櫻. "Postural Control Differences in Young Martial Arts Athletes." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/00498604914730759396.
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碩士<br>國立臺灣體育運動大學<br>體育研究所<br>104<br>Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences of control for the tracking of center of pressure among the youth professional combative athletes. There were 10 judo/wrestling players, 10 chang/nan quan players, 8 taekwondo players, 8 taiji quan players, and 14 non-athletes participated in this study. Participants were asked to perform two feet stand following the protocol of curve tracking module that bonds on Measurement, Analysis & Reporting Software (MARS, S2P LTD.) version 2.1.0.8 for 50 seconds. One Kistler force platform with 16 channels data was used to acquire the center of pressure at 1000 Hz during the task of curve tracking. Independent one way ANOVA with Duncan's post-hoc test was applied to examine the differences in the parameters of balance control among the youth combative athletes (α = .05). The results showed that the normalized error demonstrated significant differences among groups wherein the chang/nan quan players and taekwondo player outperformed the judo/wrestling players and non-athletes. The judo athletes and the non-athletes were showed less precise and less synchronistic with the reference curve. Although the youth judo/wrestling athletes did not show better than the adolescents who did not participate in the sport training, we could not exclude the issue of the test task in this study for use with specific populations.
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Mallette, Thomas G. "The sparring instinct: diaries of mixed martial arts." Thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/12946.
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Mixed martial arts (MMA) is a combat sport where pugilists combine various martial art forms to compete in sanctioned bouts of hand-to-hand cage fighting. Through immersive ethnographic research at an MMA gym, this thesis presents a carnal sociology that investigates rigorous human sparring as a method of human liberation. Carnal sociology is a method of embodied inquiry where the sociologist uses their own body to investigate social phenomena of interest. Chapter 1 reveals connections between modern sparring encounters and early religious violence as described in Émile Durkheim’s sociology. I argue that human sparring is a form of violent and primitively religious prayer that allows the sparrer to extract originary feelings of human agency that are stored in the social energies of sparring intensity. Chapter 2 explores current debates regarding gender in modern mixed-sex martial arts gyms, arguing for a more patient approach to conceptualizing gender in sparring. Despite scholars depicting the history of sparring as being saturated with violent expressions of masculinity, modern sparring practices appear to present a novel space for men and women to enter into freer associations with gender on their own terms. In Chapter 3, I expand on Dale Spencer’s (2009) concept of body callusing, where instead, I argue that sparrers are primarily drawn to sparring to engage in existential callusing where the sparrer is driven towards a mastery of the non-body to overcome death anxiety. Drawing on participant diary entries, field notes, and immersive ethnography, this thesis argues that human sparring is best understood as a mechanism of human liberation that is undertaken by sparrers through a unique transcendental phenomenology. Sparring violence allows practitioners to overcome certain limitations embedded in everyday human thought by becoming intoxicated by especially altered states of consciousness as a means of accessing primary qualities of the human condition.<br>Graduate<br>2022-04-14
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Winnie, Nai Hui Wen, and 溫乃慧. "creative writing: Martial Arts, Inner Peace and Me." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/s47qj5.
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碩士<br>國立臺北科技大學<br>應用英文系碩士班<br>103<br>I divide this thesis into two parts; one is my story, Martial Arts, Inner Peace and Me; the other is critique to explain the reasons why I chose martial arts as my main theme. ; At the beginning of the story, I use myself as a character to integrate the story at present. Accidently I got to know the brown xiao story of the Southern Song Dynasty. It is the era of conflicts among many foreign clans. The North Song Dynasty is forced to Southern China and the citizens start their life. During this time, citizens’ heart and the Southern Song’s court’s mind might not feel peaceful because they want their land back.; At that time, the secret scroll, Yijin Jin, is the scroll that everyone expects to find and learn. However this ironically disturbs people’s inner peace, and even the old monk has meditated for many years to look for it. ; My story describes the main character of martial arts story, Ching Yun, who was adopted by his master. Since he is asked to find the secret scroll by his master who is almost like his father, Ching Yun starts his adventure and he even finds out something that may force him to look for what is his own inner peace. At the end of story, each supporting character may discover his or her own inner peace. ; The critique consisted of two parts. The first part I explain why I picked martial arts as main theme; the other one is the structure of the story, Martial Arts, Inner Peace, and Me. Actually, the fantasy story in Western culture is Harry Potter, or the Hobbit, but in Eastern culture I think it is supposed to be martial arts. That’s why I pick up the martial arts as the main theme.
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Chien, Yen Chen, and 簡妍臻. "A Study on the Transformation of Chinese Martial Arts into Performance Arts." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/11443734634562510330.
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碩士<br>佛光大學<br>藝術學研究所<br>99<br>Even though the genesis of Chinese Martial Arts are attributed for self-defense and military purposes, the forms of arts have been elaborated and adapted to the functionality of competition and theatrical performances in the contemporary society. This phenomenon can be seen emphasized in the stages of "games", "theatres" and "entertainment" nowadays. This study is intended to investigate the parts of Chinese Martial Arts that has vanished and that has been preserved despite the controversial transformation.
This thesis analyzes the masterpieces of three choreographers who have respectively composed the stage performances containing Chinese Martial Arts elements, namely "Sutra" by the Belgian Artist Sidi Larbi Cherkaoui, "Poem of Kungfu" by China Poly Agency Kungfu-Star Performing Group, and "A Touch of Zen" by Taiwan U-Theatre, from their printed and multimedia publications as well as commentary document. Supported by the author's profession in performance arts and engagement in Chinese Martial Art, this thesis is endeavored to delve the signification of such adaptation from the genesis arts into performance-oriented arts.
This thesis mainly derived from the theme of bodity perspectives, as author deems the bodity perspectives in ancient China and the philosophy and wisdoms behind them, are one of the most treasurable quality in Chinese Martial Arts which is worth to be appreciated.
Although the forms of Chinese Martial Arts have been elaborated into aesthetical performance arts, we can understand from the traditional conception of the bodily manifestation to the examples of theatrical performances analyzed by this thesis, that the continuance of the martial arts spirit has to accommodate sacrifices and contradictions but not to the extends of irreparable, as it needs more ventures and contemplations from the practitioners.