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1
Kargl, Sabine. "Le bassin du Marulk pendant le mésozoi͏̈que : le Viking Graben nord et la zone faillée du Møre-Trøndelag (mer du nord)." Paris 11, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA112384.
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Ces études intègrent la stratigraphie séquentielle, la bio stratigraphie, l'analyse des structures, des attributs sismiques et des faciès sismiques. La base des donnes consiste de la sismique en 2D et 3D, des puits diagraphies, qui est fourni de Exxon-Mobil Norway et SAGA Petroleum. Le bassin étudié, le bassin du Marulk, est localisé à l'intersection de la partie septentrionale du Viking Graben nord et de la zone faillée du More-Trondelag à la marge Atlantique. Le bassin a évolué comme un bassin de rift pendant le Jurassique moyen à supérieur puis durant le Crétacé. Il a donc eu une histoire polyphasée. Cette particularité qu'il partage avec d'autres bassins du Viking Graben nord est due à sa position entre la limite septentrionale de la Mer du Nord et à la marge Atlantique. Cette situation à l'intersection de deux différents domaines extensifs, un point essentiel de l'étude du bassin du Marulk, est sous l'influence des développements structuraux de la Mer du Nord et de l'Atlantique Nord. En outre, l'évolution tectono-stratigraphique du bassin du Jurassique moyen au Tertiaire et les modalités concernant la sédimentation pré-, syn- et post rift sont les objectifs. Le deuxième point de l'étude était la construction des modèles de dépôts des séquences jurassiques, crétacées et tertiaires inférieurs liés à des surfaces d'érosion dans le bassin du Marulk. Ces surfaces d'érosion sont la discontinuité de Kimméridgien, de la base du Crétacé, de l'Albien supérieur, Cénomanien moyen, de Crétacé/Tertiaire et de l'Ypresien. Les résultats des analyses d'attributs et de la faciès sismique sont intégrés dans les contextes stratigraphie séquentielle et dans le cadre structurale. Ces analyses supportent la reconnaissance, l'identification et la délinéation des faciès sismiques pour en aboutir des caractéristiques stratigraphiques et géologiques de ces intervalles. Les models de dépôts contribue à la localisation des zones des réservoirs potentielsThis study integrates sequence stratigraphy, biostratigraphic, seismic, structural, seismic facies and attribute analysis. The data consist of 2D and 3D reflection seismic and wells furnished by Exxon-Mobil Norway and SAGA Petroleum. The investigated Marulk Basin is located at the intersection between northernmost part of the North Viking Graben and the More-Trondelag Fault Zone (MTFZ) on the northeast Atlantic margin. The Marulk Basin at the northern termination of the northern North Sea evolved as a rift basin during the middle/late Jurassic, but has also a poly-phase extensional history during the Cretaceous. This particularity with respect to other North Viking Graben sub-basins is due to its location at the boundary between the northern North Sea and the Atlantic margin. This interplay between two different styles of extensional tectonics gives the overall direction for the major aim for the study of the Marulk Basin: the overprint of the North Sea and North Atlantic structural developments, the tectono-stratigraphic basin evolution from middle Jurassic to lower Tertiary and the modalities concerning the pre-, syn- and post-rift sedimentation in the Marulk Basin. The second aim was to build depositional models of Jurassic, Cretaceous and lower Tertiary key sequences associated with erosional surfaces in the Marulk Basin through seismic facies and attribute analyses. The selected surfaces are the Kimmeridgian Unconformity, Base Cretaceous Unconformity, Latest Albian and Mid Cenomanian Unconformity, Cretaceous/Tertiary Unconformity and the Ypresian Unconformity. Seismic facies and attribute analyses of these sequences are integrated in the sequence stratigraphic and structural framework. These analyses support the recognition, identification and delineation of seismic facies in order to characterize stratigraphic and geological features for these intervals. Depositional models improve the delineation of areas that could be of interest for hydrocarbon exploration
2
Viljoen, AM, GPP Kamatoua, and KHC Başer. "Head-space volatiles of marula (Sclerocarya birrea subsp. caffra)." Elsevier, 2007. http://encore.tut.ac.za/iii/cpro/DigitalItemViewPage.external?sp=1000383.
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The marula tree (Sclerocarya birrea, A. Rich.; Hoscht
subspecies caffra, Sond) is a member of the Anacardiaceae
which encompasses 73 genera and 600 species (Pretorius et al.,
1985). This tree is distributed throughout Africa with its
southern most location in the lowlands of KwaZulu-Natal
(South Africa) from where it extends northwards through
tropical Africa into Ethiopia and Sudan (VanWyk, 1974). Of all
fruit trees indigenous to South Africa, the marula has received
most attention in terms of domestication and commercialization
(Shackleton, 1996). Several products such as beer, juice, jam
and jelly have been developed from the mesocarp and
successfully marketed, the most recent being a marula liqueur
(Burger et al., 1987). Despite the traditional and commercial
uses, the flavour constituents remain poorly studied, especially
for the pericarp. Ripe marula fruit can be consumed by biting or
cutting through the thick leathery skin and sucking the juice or
chewing the mucilaginous flesh after removal of the skin. The
ripe fruit has an average vitamin C content of 168 mg/100 g
which is approximately three times that of oranges and
comparable to the amounts present in guavas (Wilson, 1980).
Bark and leaf infusions are often used to treat boils, malaria and
diarrhoea (Shone, 1979). The seed oil is used as cosmetic and to
preserve meat (Shone, 1979).
Despite the several commercial uses of marula, the volatile
constituents of the fruits are poorly studied. As part of the
investigation on South African fruit flavours, we reported here
the volatile constituents of the marula fruit pulp and the intact
whole fruit volatiles.
3
Werlang, Guilherme. "Emerging peoples : Marubo myth-chants." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/11121.
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This thesis explores the ontological grounds of the interrelations between music and myth among the Marubo, one of the several native peoples of the Pano linguistic family who live not far from the adventitious border between Brazil and Peru, in South Western Amazonia. The thesis lies within the disciplinary boundaries of social anthropology but, inasmuch as it focuses on myth and music, its theoretical and methodological limits overlap any discipline that may relate to these two themes. In brief, it portrays the Marubo as they express themselves and are themselves expressed in their saiti festivals and myth-chants. In their native language, saiti designates a specific festival where myths are performed in a specific musical and choreographic form, the form that establishes the ontological origins of these peoples and those of the world where they live.
4
Fundira, Margaret. "Optimization of fermentation processes for the production of indigenous fruit wines (Marula)." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52390.
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Thesis (MSc)--University of Stellenbosch, 2001.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The importance of indigenous fruit wines is not well researched and documented. There is a need to develop and exploit these valuable food resources through improved production practices, storage, preservation and utilization technologies. The maruia fruit is beneficial in many ways, it can be used for making juice, jam, beer or can be eaten as a whole fruit. The highly nutritive nature of the fruit, its distinctive tropical flavor, its wild occurrence and demand by the local and international communities for the by-products of the fruit necessitated efforts to optimize the technological processes for the production of the possible by-products. This study focuses on the fermentation technology of the maruia fruit. The effect of enzymes prior to the fermentation process and post-fermentation was evaluated. For pre-fermentation processes we focused on the ability of commercial enzymes to increase juice yield, improve the clarification and filterability. For pre- and post-fermentation applications, aroma release was considered. The results indicated a significant increase in the yield depending on the enzyme used. An increase of at least 2% was recorded and a maximum of 12% yield increase was observed. The enzymes also had a phenomenal effect on the release of bound monoterpenes and hence enhancing the flavor of the juice. The panel of judges confirmed the results from the gas chromatography analyses by noting an increase in flavor intensity in the enzyme treated juice. The possibility of selecting a yeast strain that performs best during the fermentation of maruia pulp was also looked at. This study aimed at selecting a strain that produces wine and distillate with the typical maruia flavor complex. We showed the effect of the different yeast strains, in the wines and distillates, on the principal volatile compounds. We then correlated the performance of the different strains as perceived by the panel to the various volatile compounds. The effect of fermentation temperature on the performance of the different yeast strains was also considered. Fermenting the maruia pulp at different temperatures resulted in the production of wines and distillates with different volatile profiles for the different yeast strains. The wines and distillates fermented at a low temperature of 15°C were preferred to the wines and distillates fermented at 30°C. However, not all strains performed well at 15°C, strains like NT116 performed better at 30°C. The different commercial strains produced wines and distillates with significantly different flavor profiles. These differences in the flavor profiles were reflected in the sensory evaluation where, depending on the interaction of the volatile compounds some wines and distillates were preferred to others. The effect of the different commercial enzymes and yeast strains should thereof be further evaluated and optimized on a larger scale. This would greatly help prevent variation in quality of the fermented by-products of the maruia fruit.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die belang van inheemse vrugtewyne is nie goed nagevors en gedokumenteer nie. Daar is 'n behoefte om hierdie waardevolle voedselbronne te ontwikkel en te benut, deur verbeterde produksiepraktyke, storing, preservering en benuttingstegnologieë. Die maroelavrug is veelsydig op baie wyses, deurdat dit gebruik word vir die maak van sap, konfyt, bier, of as heel vrug geëet kan word. Die vrug is hoog in voedingswaarde, het In kenmerkende tropiese geur, kom wild voor, en is in aanvraag by plaaslike en internasionale gemeenskappe vir die by-produkte van die vrug. Dit maak dit essensieel om die tegnologiese prosesse vir die produksie van hierdie moontlike by-produkte te optimiseer. Hierdie studie fokus op die fermentasie-tegnologie van die maroelavrug. Die effek van ensieme voor en na die fermentasie-proses is geëvalueer. Vir prosesse wat voor fermentasie plaasvind, het ons gefokus op die vermoë van kommersiële ensieme om sapopbrengs te verhoog, asook om verheldering en filtrering te verbeter. Vir beide voor- en na-fermentasie toepassings is die vrystelling van aroma gemonitor. Die resultate dui op 'n betekenisvolle verhoging in die sapopbrengs, afhangende van die ensiem wat gebruik is. 'n Verhoging van ten minste 2% is opgeteken, en 'n maksimum van 12% opbrengsverhoging is waargeneem. Die ensieme het ook 'n geweldige effek op die vrystelling van gebonde monoterpene gehad, en dus die verhoging in die geur van die sap. Die proepaneel het die resultate bevestig van die gaschromatografie-analises, deur 'n verhoging in die geurintensiteit in die ensiembehandelde sap te bemerk. Daar is ook gekyk na die moontlikheid om 'n gisras te selekteer wat die beste presteer tydens die fermentasie van maroela-pulp. Hierdie studie het die doelstelling gehad om In gisras te selekteer wat wyn en distillaat produseer met In tipiese maroelageurkompleks. Ons het die effek van verskillende gisrasse aangedui in die wyne en distillate, op grond van van vlugtige komponente. Ons het dan die prestasie van die verskillende rasse, soos waargeneem deur die paneel, gekorrelleer met die verskeie vlugtige komponente. Die effek van fermentasie-temperatuur op die werkverrigting van die verskillende gisrasse is ook in ag geneem. Fermentasie van die maroela-pulp by verskillende temperature het gelei tot die produksie van wyne en distillate met verskillende vlugtige profiele vir die verskillende gisrasse. Die wyne en distillate wat by In laer temperatuur van 15°C gefermenteer is, is verkies bo die wyne en distillate wat by 30°C gefermenteer is. Alle rasse het egter nie baie goed presteer by 15°C nie, soos byvoorbeeld NT116 wat beter presteer het by 30°C. Die verskillende kommersiële rasse het wyne en distillate geproduseer met betekenisvol verskillende geurprofiele. Hierdie verskille in geurprofiele is gereflekteer in die sensoriese evaluering waar, afhangende van die interaksie van die vlugtige komponente, sommige wyne en distillate bo ander verkies is. Die effek van die verskillende kommersiële ensieme en gisrasse moet verkieslik verder op groter skaal geëvalueer en geoptimiseer word. Dit sal veral help om variasie in kwaliteit van die gefermenteerde by-produkte van die maroelavrug te voorkom.
5
Dantas, Josana Mello. "Hidrogeoquímica e estudo da vulnerabilidade do aquífero taquari/maruim no município de maruim, Sergipe, NE do Brasil." Instituto de Geociências, 2013. http://repositorio.ufba.br/ri/handle/ri/26120.
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As crescentes preocupações da sociedade com a qualidade dos recursos hídricos subterrâneos como garantia de fonte para o abastecimento público e para a produção econômica foram propulsoras da tomada de atitudes por parte dos governos de forma a estabelecerem programas de proteção da qualidade das águas subterrâneas e medidas que evitem sua degradação. A caracterização hidrogeoquímica tem por finalidade identificar e quantificar as principais propriedades e constituintes químicos, procurando estabelecer uma relação com o meio físico e os processos e fatores que influem na evolução da qualidade das águas subterrâneas, que podem ser intrínsecos e extrínsecos ao aquífero. O estudo da vulnerabilidade, por conseguinte, é um instrumento importante para o planejamento e gestão dos recursos hídricos, especialmente, nos aquíferos livres, utilizado para garantir a qualidade e a quantidade da água destes reservatórios. Os conceitos de vulnerabilidade natural de aquíferos fornecem subsídios ao planejamento do uso do território e da água por meio do conhecimento dos fatores que comprometem a qualidade da água e os riscos que podem leva-la à poluição. Assim, propõe-se nesta pesquisa a Classificação hidrogeoquímica das águas e a avaliação da vulnerabilidade intrínseca à contaminação natural do aquífero Taquari/Maruim no município de Maruim, Sergipe, utilizando os métodos GOD (FOSTER; HIRATA, 1988), DRASTIC (ALLER et al., 1987) e MAIA (MAIA; CRUZ, 2010). Foram realizadas as coletas dos dados necessários para definir os parâmetros aplicados aos métodos de avaliação da vulnerabilidadee analisada a hidroquímica de 30 poços em operação no município. Em cada amostragem foram determinados os parâmetros físico-químicos in situ, tais como: temperatura, pH, Eh, condutividade elétrica, OD e sólidos totais dissolvidos. Nas amostras coletadas para laboratório, foram realizados ensaios para determinação e quantificação de cloreto, sulfato, fosfato, íons cálcio, magnésio, sódio, potássio, carbonato e bicarbonato e nitrato. De acordo com o diagrama de Piper (1944) as águas subterrâneas foram classificadas em bicarbonatadas cálcicas (40%), cloretadas cálcicas (30%) e, em pequena proporção, cloretadas sódicas (26,7%) e bicarbonatada sódica 3,3%. Foram determinadas as classes de vulnerabilidade de cada um dos métodos e os respectivos mapas foram plotados. O município apresentou uma tendência média de vulnerabilidade intermediária, com variações, a depender do método utilizado. Algumas áreas próximas à sede municipal, onde estão localizados os principais poços de abastecimento, possuem tendência de vulnerabilidade alta e, em alguns casos, extrema.
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James, Mlungiseleli Shakespeare. "Impact study of Impala Platinum Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) programme : Marula Chrome Project." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/95585.
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Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2012.The mining industry has had a significant role to play in addressing socio-economic development (SED) issues, such as the high levels of poverty, illiteracy and unemployment. For South Africa to be able to eradicate poverty and illiteracy, a collaborative partnership between the government, the mining industry and local mining communities is critical. The Minister of Mineral Resources, Shabangu (2012), has encouraged the mining industry to ensure that corporate social responsibility (CSR) investments make a significant impact on the communities in which the mining companies operate and to stop making CSR a mere exercise in ticking off a scorecard. The Mining Charter states that the mining industry must promote employment and advance social and economic welfare of mining community and the major sending areas. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the impact of the Impala Platinum (Implats) CSR programme, Marula Chrome Project, on the Marula community. The challenges that Implats and the Marula community experienced during the implementation of the project were explored. If the project was to be successful, the key success factors had to be identified. The Marula Chrome Project was commissioned in 2010. The Project created 69 job opportunities during its construction period, and 35 permanent jobs after its completion. A number of SED issues were addressed by the project through skills development and training. The community leaders attended an intensive business principles course, covering the basic principles of mining, business skills and corporate governance. The employees of the project also were empowered with relevant operational and management skills. The project had, by the time of the report, paid out dividends to the value of R20 million to the communities. Two community halls had been built with the amount of R4 million. The dividends were distributed to the six Marula communities, who spent the money obtained in this way for addressing such SED problems as infrastructure, education and enterprise development. This project is one of the few examples of CSR initiatives in South Africa. The researcher hopes that other local mining communities can learn what made this project successful. The findings of the projects show that the community and Implats have managed the challenges faced during the project and have focused on the important issues. Collaborative partnership and leadership is one of the key success factors highlighted. Kinnear and Miles (2009) agree that partnerships and local coordination between the mining industry, the government and the community are vital. Positive outcomes can be achieved by means of community‐driven initiatives. According to CSR scholars such as Muthuri (2012), CSR is a potent force for social change and poverty alleviation. The lack of CSR impact evaluation tools required addressing by Implats and the mining industry. The mining industry and the Department of Mineral Resources should work together on developing an evaluation tool by means of which to measure CSR initiatives. Doing so would assist the mining industry CSR investments to add value and to contribute to the eradication of poverty and illiteracy in the local communities.
7
Petje, Kgomoamogodi Felix. "Determination of fruit yield and fruit quality in marula (Sclerocarya birrea subsp. caffra) selections." Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2009. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-08072009-130342.
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Ferreira, Rubia Correa da Silva. "Bacia do Rio Maruim : transformações e impactos ambientais." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFSC, 1994. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/76051.
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O trabalho "Bacia do Rio Maruim: transformações e impactos ambientais" objetiva o diagnóstico da situação atual da área da bacia, com as potencialidades naturais e as alterações sofridas ao longo do tempo, compatibilizando o uso dos recursos naturais com a preservação, através da interação elementos naturais e o humano. A metodologia constou de uma análise temática dos diversos aspectos dos componentes geoambientais abióticos e bióticos baseadas em fotos aéreas e imagens de satélite, que resultou na elaboração de 11 mapas. O ponto final foi um mapa integrado, possibilitou, não somente, a interpretação associada entre os aspectos físicos, como também a verificação das transformações e os impactos ambientais devido aos vários tipos de ocupação. Uma das finalidades deste trabalho é a de fornecer subsídios quanto ao uso racional da bacia, enfatizando: preservação da cultura e dos recursos naturais, diminuição da população dos rios, o incremento ao turismo rural, o incentivo à produtividade rural e a inibição a ocupação das áreas de risco.
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Gallaher, Kirsten. "Marula Sclerocarya birrea subsp. caffra dispersal by mammals: are squirrels seed predators or seed dispersers?" Thesis, University of Cape Town, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/28313.
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Watanabe, Shigeo [Verfasser]. "An Institutional Analysis of Biotrade Contract Implementation : The Case of Namibian Marula Plant Oil / Shigeo Watanabe." Aachen : Shaker, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1075436982/34.
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Costa, Raquel Guimarães Romankevicius. "Padrões rítmicos e marcação de caso em Marubo (Pano)." Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/11422/3194.
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FAPERJ
CAPES
Aborda aspectos da fonologia, morfologia e sintaxe da língua Marubo (Pano), visando a uma compreensão dos processos envolvidos na estruturação de cada nível linguístico. Partindo de uma abordagem tipológico-funcional, busca-se o estabelecimento de padrões rítmicos gerais para as formas nominais e verbais, com especial atenção ao tratamento da altura, da duração e da intensidade, visando à conjugação entre a fonologia e os demais níveis linguísticos. Busca-se também a descrição dos principais processos de formação de palavras e do sistema de marcação de caso, verificando-se os artifícios utilizados pela língua na codificação dos diferentes papéis semânticos e/ou pragmáticos. Paralelamente, procura-se detectar as alterações rítmicas decorrentes desses processos, assim como outros fatores causadores de perturbações rítmicas.
Approaches phonological, morphological and syntactic aspects of Marubo language (Panoan), in search of a comprehension of the processes involved in the organization of each linguistic level. From a functional-typological approach general rhythmic pattems for nominal and verbal forms are established; special attention is given to pitch, duration and intensity (loudness), searching into the conjugation between phonology and the other linguistic levels. The main word formation processes and case-marking system are described. Semantic/pragmatic case-role coding devices are identified. At the same time there is an attempt to detect the rhythmic oscillations resulting from these processes as well as other factors that may disturb rhythmic pattems.
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Costa, Raquel Guimarães Romankevicius. "Aspectos da fonologia Marubo (Pano): uma visão não-linear." Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/11422/3195.
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CAPES
Este trabalho lida com aspectos da fonologia Marubo (Pano), sob a perspectiva da Fonologia Não-Linear. Tomando por base os pressupostos da Teoria da Sílaba, buscamos o estabelecimento de padrões silábicos subjacentes e suas possíveis manifestações na superfície. A organização interna dos sons da fala e os tipos de regras envolvidas em processos fonológicos, tais como a harmonia vocálica e a harmonia nasal são considerados com base no modelo da Geometria de Traços. Sob a perspectiva da Teoria Métrica, procuramos verificar como se dá a atribuição do acento, no nível da palavra e acima dele. Buscamos, ainda, uma explicação para as alternâncias trocaico-iâmbicas decorrentes da marcação de caso, bem como para a interação entre essas alternâncias e alguns processos segmentais e não-segmentais, tais como o apagamento vocálico, a ressilabificação e o espalhamento de traços vocálicos a vogais não-especificadas na estrutura subjacente. A interação acentuação-silabificação é também abordada sob a ótica da Teoria da Otimalidade.
This work deals with aspects of Marubo (Pano) phonology under the perspective of Non-Linear Phonology. Following the assumptions of Syllable Theory, we search for underlying syllable pattems and their possible surface manifestations. The intemal organization of speech sounds, as well as the types of rules involved in phonological processes, such as vowel and nasal harmony, are accounted for on the basis of the model of Feature Geometry. Under the view of Metrical theory, we search for an account of stress assignment at the word level and above it. We also look for an explanation for the trochaic-iambic altemations resulting from case marking, as well as for the interaction between those altemations and some segmental and nonsegmental processes, such as vowel deletion, ressyllabification, and vocalic feature spreading to underlying unspecified vowels. The stress-syllabification interaction is also approached under the famework of Optimality Theory.
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Becker, Sarah [Verfasser], Stefan [Akademischer Betreuer] Schramm, Martin [Akademischer Betreuer] Greiner, and Joachim [Akademischer Betreuer] Maruhn. "Transmission grid extensions in renewable electricity systems / Sarah Becker. Gutachter: Stefan Schramm ; Martin Greiner ; Joachim Maruhn. Betreuer: Stefan Schramm ; Martin Greiner ; Joachim Maruhn." Frankfurt am Main : Univ.-Bibliothek Frankfurt am Main, 2015. http://d-nb.info/106673108X/34.
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FLOR, Alessandra Simone Santos de Oliveira. "Fitoterapia popular do bairro do Sossego distrito de Marudá-Pará." Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014. http://repositorio.ufpa.br/jspui/handle/2011/6495.
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Na Amazônia as plantas medicinais são um dos principais recursos para o tratamento de diversas doenças, dado o contexto cultural, o acesso, confiabilidade e baixo custo em comparação aos medicamentos industriais. Nesse contexto, encontra-se o Distrito de Marudá, no Município de Marapanim, a 160 Km da capital Belém, onde é comum o uso de plantas medicinais para o tratamento de agravos à saúde. O Brasil registra vários levantamentos de espécies vegetais utilizadas na fitoterapia popular de um grupo humano, aplicando-se metodologias etnoorientadas como etnobotânica e etnofarmácia, para inventariar a flora. Este trabalho objetiva investigar a prática da fitoterapia popular pelos moradores do bairro do Sossego, incluindo um grupo de mulheres denominado Erva Vida no Distrito de Marudá - PA, ilustrando a importância das plantas medicinais para este grupo humano em termos culturais, econômicos e ambientais. Para isso realizou-se um levantamento etnofarmacêutico visando identificar as plantas medicinais utilizadas pela população local. Foram entrevistados 18 praticantes da fitoterapia popular (pessoas detentoras de conhecimento sobre as plantas medicinais) que foram indicados pela própria comunidade do bairro do Sossego, seguindo a técnica bola-de-neve ou “Snow Ball”. As mulheres do Grupo Erva Vida, por também serem detentoras de conhecimentos sobre as plantas medicinais também foram entrevistadas. Foram citadas 96 etnoespécies de uso medicinal, segundo as informantes, elas distribuem-se em 44 famílias, destacando-se a Lamiaceae, com 11 etnoespécies (11,70%) e Asteraceae, com 7 etnoespécies (7,44%). O agravo mais citado é a febre, tratada com a planta anador que possui a maior Frequência relativa de alegação de uso (FRAPS), com 100% das indicações, seguida da arruda com 88% para tratar a dor de cabeça. Estas duas plantas apresentam potencial para mais estudos farmacológicos para validar suas alegações de uso popular. O presente trabalho registra o saber popular sobre a fitoterapia popular praticada no bairro do Sossego, Marudá – Marapanim, PA e traz subsídios para futuros projetos para o desenvolvimento de arranjos produtivos locais com fitoterápicos e para a utilização de remédios preparados pelo Grupo Erva Vida na atenção básica a saúde no Distrito assim induzindo o Desenvolvimento Local em Marudá.
In the Amazon medicinal plants are a mare resource for the treatment of various diseases, given the cultural context, access, reliability and low cost compared to industrial medicine. This context, is the Marudá District, in the municipality of Marapanim distant 160 km from the Belém state of Pará, where it is common to use medicinal plants to treat health problems. In Brazil has shown several surveys of plant species used in folk phytotherapy of a human group, applying methodologies such as ethnobotany and etnopharmacy to inventory the plant species. This work aims to investigate the practice of folk herbal medicine by the residents of the Quiet neighborhood, including a group of women called Herb Life Marudá District state of Pará, highlighting the importance of medicinal plants for this human group in cultural, economic and environmental terms. For this we carried out in the ethnopharmaceutical survey medicinal plants used by local people. To perform the work of 18 popular herbal medicine practitioners who were nominated by the community’s itself in Quiet Neighborhood (holders of knowledge about medicinal plants people) were interviewed following the "Snow Ball" technique. Women's Group Life Herb, being also in possession of knowledge on medicinal plants were also interviewed. Were cited 96 ethnospecies for medical, according to informants, they are distributed in 44 families, highlighting the Lamiaceae with 11 ethnospecies (11,70%) and Asteraceae, with 7 ethnospecies (7,44%). The most cited grievance is fever, treated with Anador plant having the highest relative frequency of use claim (FRAPS), 100% of the votes, followed with 88% of rue to treat headache. These two plants have potential for more drug to validate their claims folk usage studies. This paper reports the popular wisdom about folk herbal medicine practiced in Quiet neighborhood, Marudá - Marapanim, PA and provides insights for future projects for the development of place productive arrangements with herbal medicines and the use of drugs prepared by Herb Life Group at attention basic health thus inducing the District Place Development in Marudá.
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Mollel, Margaret Huruma Naftali. "Towards a novel fruit crop : Micropropagation and genetic transformation of the indigenous fruit tree marula, Sclerocarya birrea subsp.caffra." Thesis, University of Limpopo ( Turfloop campus), 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/1302.
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Thesis ( PhD. (Biotechnology )) --University of Limpopo, 2005The marula tree (Sclerocarya birrea subsp. caffra), an indigenous, multipurpose, drought tolerant tree of Africa harbors great economic potential. Acceptance of marula-derived products internationally will directly increase the demand for marula resource. Rapid multiplication of marula trees of superior quality forms the basis of sustainable export growth. In vitro propagation and genetic improvement offer the opportunity for accelerated multiplication of selected tree material as well as to dramatically increase production, quality and efficiencies. The objectives of the study were therefore to develop a protocol for in vitro multiplication of marula and to determine the feasibility of Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of the marula tree. Nodal sections with axillary bud (s) were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 4.8μM BA and 2.4μM KN and 0.1% polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) to obtain on average 2.5 microshoots per responding explant. The proliferated microshoots were elongated on MS medium supplemented with 1.2μM BA and 1.0μM KN. Elongated microshoots were rooted in MS medium at half salts strength supplemented with 10μM IBA and 0.3% activated charcoal (AC). On average 82% of the shoots rooted. Survival of acclimatized plantlets was 90%. RAPD analysis confirmed intraclonal genetic stability between parent plants and their clones within the limits of the technique.Nodal sections cocultivated with Agrobacterium tumefaciens for 3 days on MS multiplication medium supplemented with 100μM acetosyringone resulted on average in transient expression of 52.5% of the explants with 1.6 blue stained zones per explant. Cocultivated explants on MS selection medium containing 300mgl-1 kanamycin resulted in 1.5% chimeric putative transgenic shoots. This is the first report on the micropropagation and genetic transformation of marula, Sclerocarya birrea subsp caffra.
South Africa’s National Research Foundation Institutional Research Development Program (NRF-IRDP)
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Portela, Marcelo Santos. "Estudo das propriedades acústicas da madeira amazônica marupá para tampo de violão." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFSC, 2014. https://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/132450.
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Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Tecnológio, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Mecânica, Florianópolis, 2014.Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-29T21:06:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 332924.pdf: 3613991 bytes, checksum: cc540a15a928592f102c8c38889da31e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014
Apesar do esforço científico para iluminar o conhecimento das propriedades acústicas que caracterizam os instrumentos musicais, sua construção ainda se baseia principalmente na arte e tradição provenientes da experiência passada de uma geração para a outra. Dentro desse contexto, a seleção de espécies madeireiras continua a ser um fator impactante na concepção de componentes de instrumentos musicais, por razões estéticas, estruturais e acústicas. Como objeto de análise, o projeto envolve a pesquisa de espécies tropicais nativas da Amazônia, oferecendo suporte na seleção de possíveis substitutas para espécies tradicionais que se encontram em extinção. O presente trabalho evidencia a importância da caracterização das propriedades dos materiais relacionadas com o comportamento vibracional de componentes do instrumento. As técnicas desenvolvidas podem ajudar os fabricantes a buscar novas ferramentas e critérios para seu ofício, como considerar o amortecimento como uma característica vibratória muito importante para a madeira. No que diz respeito às técnicas experimentais, o procedimento proposto proporciona uma medição mais rápida e precisa das propriedades de um instrumento de cordas. O trabalho desenvolve uma análise integrada numérico-experimental do tampo do violão clássico através da criação de um modelo numérico por elementos finitos o mais próximo o possível do real, ao mesmo tempo em que um instrumento nos mesmos moldes foi adquirido através de um convênio com uma oficina-escola de construção de violões, para as análises experimentais. O tampo de madeira amazônica foi comparado a tampos idênticos, fabricados com duas espécies tradicionalmente usadas na fabricação de instrumentos musicais, a fim de validar sua aptidão para esse fim. Critérios de qualidade foram aplicados tanto ao tampo livre quanto ao mesmo montado em um violão finalizado. Os resultados mostraram que a espécie estudada tem grande potencial para ser uma alternativa aos materiais de referência na construção de instrumentos musicais de qualidade.
Abstract : Despite the scientific effort to illuminate the knowledge of the acoustic properties that delineate the main characteristics of musical instruments, their construction is still based mainly on the art and tradition from the past experience from one generation to another. Within this context, the selection of timber species continues to be a crucial factor in musical instruments design, for aesthetic, structural and acoustic reasons. As an object of analysis, the thesis involves the research of native tropical species from the Amazon, offering support in the selection of a possible sustainable replacement for traditional species, which are endangered. This study highlights the importance of the characterization of material properties related to the vibrational behavior of musical instrument components. The techniques here presented can help manufacturers to seek new tools and criteria for their craft, as consider damping as a very important vibrational feature for wood. With respect to experimental techniques, the proposed procedure provides a faster and accurate measurement of stringed instrument properties. An integrated numerical-experimental analysis of the classical guitar soundboard is achieved by comparing a finite element model and experimental modal analisys data of the instrument components, acquired through an agreement with a workshop-school for this purpose. The Amazon timber soundboard (marupá) was compared to other identical soundboards, manufactured with species traditionally used in musical instruments manufacturing, in order to validate their suitability for this purpose. Quality criteria were applied to both free and clamped boundary conditions, when the soundboard is mounted on a finalized guitar. The results show that the studied species have great potential to replace traditional materials when building professional classical guitars.
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Barros, Itamar Prado. "Doenças de veiculação hídrica na sub-bacia do Rio Ganhamoroba, Maruim - Sergipe." Pós-Graduação em Desenvolvimento e Meio Ambiente, 2014. https://ri.ufs.br/handle/riufs/4169.
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The research aims to analyze waterborne diseases in the villages of São Vicente, Estação and Arapiraca in the city of Maruim , Sergipe. In this context we started from the particular to the general, analyzing waterborne diseases in order to diagnose their causes and effects. This study was developed through visits in the area; application of questionnaires to 94 householders in the months from November 2012 to September 2013. It was analyzed water from Ganhamoroba River, natural sources, wells and four residences (tap water), for performing microbiological and physical-chemical analysis. Samples of surface water, groundwater and tap water were collected in five steps. Documents provided by epidemiological health service were analyzed; the reports of the team five of the Family Health Medical Program and the registration form of the families supplied by the health agent. From the conceptual model called Driving Force - Pressure - State - Exposure - Effect - Action (DPSEEA) WHO, it was constructed a scheme to analyze the relationship between environment - sanitation - health. Approximately 77% of the homes have water from artesian wells without treatment. The streets do not have paving and sewage; garbage collection is poor and inadequate. The results of the microbiological analyzes of water from the six sampling sites show that 100% of these are contaminated by total coliforms and Escherichia coli. Of 390 residents, 52 were reported in the period from 2009 to March 2013 with schistosomiasis. It was concluded that the search for targeted social policies for housing is extremely important to this community that goes through various problems. As a solution we present the construction of houses in an area near the old church of São Vicente through a partnership of Maruim City Hall, Pinheiro Factory, Petrobras and Inorcal Factory; paving the streets of the villages; increasing and treating the water from the artesian well that was drilled by the city hall, as well as monthly cleaning of the water tank; educating the population in other to not use water from the river and natural sources without treatment.A pesquisa teve como objetivo analisar as doenças de veiculação hídrica nos Povoados São Vicente, Estação e Arapiraca no município de Maruim - SE. Nesse contexto parte-se do particular para o geral, analisando as doenças veiculadas com o propósito de diagnosticar as suas causas-efeitos. Este estudo foi desenvolvido a partir de visitas in loco; aplicação de questionários a 94 chefes de família entre os meses de novembro de 2012 e setembro de 2013. Foram também coletadas águas do Rio Ganhamoroba, das fontes naturais, poços artesianos e de quatro residências (água de torneira), para realização de análises microbiológicas e físico-químicas. As amostras de águas superficiais, subterrâneas e das torneiras foram coletadas em cinco etapas. Foram analisados os documentos fornecidos pela vigilância epidemiológica; os relatórios de atendimento do médico da equipe cinco do Programa Saúde da Família; e as fichas de cadastro das famílias do agente de saúde. A partir do modelo conceitual denominado Força Motriz Pressão Situação Exposição Efeito Ação (FPSEEA) da OMS, construiu-se um esquema para analisar a relação entre ambiente saneamento básico saúde. Aproximadamente 77% das moradias tem acesso a águas provenientes de poços artesianos sem tratamento. As ruas não possuem pavimentação e rede de esgoto; a coleta de lixo é precária e insuficiente. Os resultados das análises microbiológicas das águas dos seis pontos de coleta mostram que 100% destas, encontram-se poluídas por coliformes totais e Escherichia Coli. Dos 390 habitantes, 52 foram notificados no período de 2009 a março de 2013 com esquistossomose. Concluiu-se que a busca por políticas sociais voltadas para habitação é de extrema importância para esta comunidade que passa por vários problemas. Dentre as estratégias para minimizar tais problemas pode-se citar a construção de moradias em uma área próxima a antiga igreja São Vicente; realização de parceria entre Prefeitura de Maruim, Usina de açúcar e álcool Pinheiro, PETRÓBRAS, fábrica Inorcal para pavimentar ou asfaltar as ruas dos povoados; promover a manutenção efetiva do poço perfurado pela prefeitura bem como limpeza da caixa d água mensalmente, além da perfuração de novos poços de modo que atenda a comunidade que ali vive; conscientizar a população a não utilizarem água do rio e das fontes naturais sem tratamento.
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Mahlait, Vuyo F. "Establishing viable and sustainable rural economic development programmes in a competitive global economy : analysis of marula commercialisation in South Africa." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/18068.
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Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2011.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The historical significance of the socio-political changes in South Africa since 1994 cannot be disputed. The challenge is to place the redress agenda within a macro-framework geared to promote competitiveness that positions South Africa as a credible and valued player within the continent and globally. Of concern here is the plight of the rural poor and the neglect of rural space, viewed as central in redressing imbalances and competitiveness. This study posits that the marginalisation of the rural poor results from the deliberate, structural and systemic exclusion evident in previous regimes and perpetuated by the reigning neoliberal policies and the rural development paradigm. It provides an indepth analysis of the rural poor’s spiral of deprivation. The spiral is viewed to perpetuate “dependent survivalism” with reliance on unsustainable hand-outs and oppressive paternalistic relationships between those with, and those without resources. The argument is that the emergence of the poverty eradication agenda has not focused attention and effort on the treatment of the causes of poverty. The study objective is to offer alternative approaches for addressing these structural constraints, enabling rural household participation in viable and sustainable rural economic development programmes. To this end transdisciplinary methods premised on the view of the household as the nucleus of sustainable development are used. The study challenges the general economic theory that limits a household to only a source of labour and capital, with emphasis on household consumption. It shifts focus from the consumptive “dependent survivalism” mode to households as owners of productive assets, producers and suppliers, termed the “productive perspective”. To achieve this, an inclusive and sustainable development conceptual framework is proposed with an alternative rural development policy perspective. The framework emphasises the deployment of capital assets and rural economic development strategies based on the theory of value chains. The comparative analysis of marula commercialisation case studies is used to conceptualise the framework and formulate alternative approaches. Primary research focused on the Distell/Mirma Amarula Cream processing plant in Phalaborwa and the Marula Natural Products initiative at Thulamahashe, Bushbuckridge, South Africa. The findings demonstrated that marula supplying households are value chain actors with an objective function to maximise benefits and participate in the mainstream economy, but are structurally constrained. The profiles of the marula suppliers indicate that the majority are women who as heads of households bear the brunt of unpaid labour and the burden of care. The case study exposed the failure of the local and global economic systems to afford them their deserved opportunities and benefits as value chain actors. The study thus proposes a sustainable benefit-maximising system that is rooted in the value chain-based re-organisation of production, emphasising mainstreaming through institutional and systems change. The role of the state is emphasised as central in creating an enabling environment with regulatory frameworks that ensure sustainable resource use and sharing in value created. The study calls for the courage to turn the 2008/9 global financial crisis into an inclusive and sustainable development agenda.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die historiese betekenis van die sosiopolitieke veranderinge in Suid-Afrika sedert 1994 is onbetwisbaar. Vandag se uitdaging is om die regstellingsagenda in ’n makroraamwerk te plaas wat daarop gerig is om mededingendheid te bevorder en Suid-Afrika sodoende op die kontinent en wêreldwyd te vestig as geloofwaardige en waardevolle speler. Die lot van plattelandse armes en die verwaarlosing van die landelike ruimte is sentrale kwessies in die herstel van wanbalanse en mededingendheid. Hierdie studie voer aan dat die marginalisering van plattelandse armes spruit uit die doelbewuste, strukturele en sistemiese uitsluiting wat in vorige regimes voorgekom het en voortgesit word deur neoliberale beleid en die paradigma van landelike ontwikkeling. Dit bied ’n indringende ontleding van die plattelandse armes se benadeling, wat beskou word as die voortsetting van “afhanklike oorlewing”, met afhanklikheid van onvolhoubare aalmoese en verdrukkende paternalistiese verhoudinge tussen diegene met hulpbronne en diegene daarsonder. Daar word betoog dat die agenda vir die uitroeiing van armoede op die tafel geplaas is sonder dat dit die aandag en energie op die behandeling van die oorsake van armoede toegespits het. Die doelwit van die studie is om alternatiewe benaderings te bied om strukturele beperkings die hoof te bied en plattelandse huishoudings in staat te stel om aan lewensvatbare en volhoubare ontwikkelingsprogramme vir die landbou-ekonomie deel te neem. Hiervoor word transdissiplinêre metodes aangewend wat voortbou op die siening van die huishouding as die kern van volhoubare ontwikkeling. Die studie betwis die algemene ekonomiese teorie wat ’n huishouding tot ’n blote arbeidsbron reduseer en kapitaal aan verbruik vasknoop. Die fokus word dus verskuif van “afhanklike oorlewing” na die huishouding as eienaar van produktiewe bates, en as produsent en verskaffer, te wete die “produktiewe perspektief”. Die primêre navorsing is toegespits op Distell/Mirma Amarula Cream se verwerkingsaanleg in Phalaborwa en die Marula Natural Products-projek in Thulamahashe, Bosbokrand, Suid-Afrika. Die maroela-gevalstudie het die nood van huishoudelike produsente en verskaffers blootgelê tesame met die onvermoë van plaaslike en wêreld-ekonomiese stelsels om hulle die geleenthede en voordele as waardekettingspelers te bied wat hulle toekom. Die profiele van die maroelaverskaffers toon dat die meerderheid vroue is wat as huishoofde die las van kwesbaarheid, onbetaalde arbeid en versorging moet dra. Die navorsing se ontleding het ook die sleutelelemente uitgewys vir die verbetering van prestasie en voordele aan die arm verskaffers sonder dat die lewensvatbaarheid en volhoubaarheid van ondernemings ingeboet word. Die gevolgtrekking van die studie is dat behoorlik uitgewerkte en ondersteunde programme vir plattelandse ekonomiese ontwikkeling die handelsgeleenthede van natuurlike hulpbronne kan maksimaliseer vir bedryfsgroei en voordele vir plattelandse gemeenskappe. ’n Alternatiewe, volhoubare stelsel vir die uitbou van voordele word dus voorgehou wat gesetel is in die reorganisasie van produksie volgens waardekettings, met die klem op hoofstroming deur institusionele en stelselverandering. Die rol van die staat is sentraal in die skepping van ’n bemagtigende omgewing, met reguleringsraamwerke wat volhoubare hulpbrongebruik en waardedeling verseker. Die studie bepleit moedige optrede om die wêreldwye finansiële krisis van 2008/9 om te skep in ’n inklusiewe en volhoubare ontwikkelingsagenda.
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Maruska, Karin [Verfasser]. "Suchtprävention in der Grundschule - Effekte der Programme Eigenständig werden und Klasse2000 / Karin Maruska." Greifswald : Universitätsbibliothek Greifswald, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1019112670/34.
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Schäfer, Mirko [Verfasser], Martin [Akademischer Betreuer] Greiner, Maruhn [Akademischer Betreuer] Joachim, and Beck [Akademischer Betreuer] Christian. "Dynamics of chaotic strings / Mirko Schäfer. Gutachter: Martin Greiner ; Maruhn Joachim ; Beck Christian." Frankfurt am Main : Univ.-Bibliothek Frankfurt am Main, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1043947507/34.
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Acosta, Bianca Ramires. "O Maruí: presença literária na imprensa do século XIX (1880 – 1882)." reponame:Repositório Institucional da FURG, 2007. http://repositorio.furg.br/handle/1/2546.
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Dissertação(mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Letras, Instituto de Letras e Artes, 2007.Submitted by Cristiane Silva (cristiane_gomides@hotmail.com) on 2012-09-17T15:04:35Z No. of bitstreams: 1 biancaacosta.pdf: 3263415 bytes, checksum: 3113c80a11c1df85cea4ec337c1d77e0 (MD5)
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A proposta dessa dissertação é a de verificar a atividade literária presente na imprensa do século XIX. Para tanto, como corpus, foi escolhido o jornal caricato rio-grandino Maruí (1880 – 1882) que realizou articulações entre literatura e imprensa, sobretudo através da poesia e da prosa. Nesse contexto o jornal optou por desenvolver uma linguagem de conteúdo contundente e moralizador, configurando assim a crítica de costumes. As mesmas giram em torno da vida política e social, discutindo os hábitos e preceitos morais, críticas essas que ganhavam ainda mais relevância com desenhos mordazes e incisivos. Objetiva-se resgatar textos publicados pelo periódico como forma de garantir o acesso dos mesmos ao estudo de pesquisadores interessados, uma vez que essas fontes primárias encontram-se praticamente inacessíveis ao público em geral. Nessa perspectiva, o foco dessa dissertação é a análise do produto literário veiculado no Maruí, observando e analisando como literatura e imprensa articulavam-se e expressavam a crítica de costumes através de textos satíricos e carregados de ironia, tema escolhido para esse estudo, levando em consideração o contexto histórico-literário em que o jornal estava inserido. Para se proceder a análise foi necessário realizar uma antologia que expressasse o tema escolhido a fim de se indexar o material de maior relevância. Muito embora os índices abordem todo o conteúdo do periódico, a transcrição do corpus para a pesquisa se deteve nas matérias literárias com cunho crítico e/ou humorístico.
The proposal of this dissertation is to verify the literary activity in the 19th century press. For this, it was chosen, as the corpus, the caricatural rio-grandino newspaper Maruí (1880-1882), which articulated literature and press, especially through poetry and prose. In this context, the newspaper chose to use an impacting and moralizing language, characterizing, the criticism of customs. The newspaper material also deals with the political and social life, discussing the habits and moral precepts, such criticism used to achieve much more significance with sarcastic and incisive drawings. The aims is to restore the newspaper published texts as a way of ensuring their access of the texts to researchers interested in studying them, considering that these primary sources are virtually inaccessible to the general public. From this perspective, the focus of this dissertation is the analysis of the literary product in Maruí, observing and analyzing how literature and press were articulated and used to express the criticism of customs through satirical and ironic, theme which was chosen for this study, taking into consideration the historical and literary context in which the newspaper was inserted. To carry the analysis on it was necessary to conduct an anthology that expressed the theme chosen in order to index the material of greater relevance. Although the indexes address the entire contents of the newspaper, the transcription of the corpus of the research focused on the literary field containing critic and/or humor.
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Cadelli, Danielle Sandra. "Recherche sur la médecine mésopotamienne : la série Summa amelu sualam marus." Paris 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA010692.
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La présente étude est centrée sur un corpus médical mésopotamien néoassyrien de Ninive, la série Sualam, « la toux », axée sur les maladies internes. Le travail s'articule en quatre parties. Dans un premier temps (ch. 1), nous explorons la notion de sante en Mésopotamie, à la fois à travers le vocabulaire et les divers concepts mis en jeu par cette notion. La deuxième partie (qui regroupe les chapitres 2 et 3) est constituée par la présentation et l’édition du traité médical Sualam, avec commentaires et traduction. Les deux chapitres suivants (partie 3) sont une extension des précédents chapitres ; ils regroupent et présentent l'étude, l'un, du vocabulaire des parties du corps (ch. 4) et l'autre, des différents champs de la symptomatologie (ch. 5) rencontrés dans le traité. Enfin le dernier chapitre (ch. 6, partie 5) propose une approche étiologique et anthropologique de la maladie et de la symptomatologie, qui dépasse le cadre de ce traité, tout en situant également la spécificité de ce dernier.
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Hassan, Mohammad Nayemul. "Re-investigation of the female sex pheromone of the legume podborer, Maruca vitrata (Lepidoptera: Crambidae)." Thesis, University of Greenwich, 2007. http://gala.gre.ac.uk/8554/.
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The legume podborer, Maruca vitrata (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) is a serious pest of legumes throughout Asia and Africa. Previous workers identified (E,E)-10,12-hexadecadienal (EE10,12-6:Ald), (E,E)-10,12-hexadecadienol (EE10,12-16:OH) and (E)-10-hexadecenal (E10-16:Ald) as sex pheromone components of female M. vitrata. They developed a lure that attracts male moths in the field in Benin but they failed to attract male moths in the laboratory, or to develop a lure that attracts male moths in Asia or the rest of Africa. Synthetic lures also attracted significant number of female moths. The objectives of this study were to re-examine the sex pheromone of female M. vitrata with the aim of developing synthetic lures that attracted male moths in a wind-tunnel and in the field in both Africa and Asia and determining the reason for attraction of female moths to synthetic pheromone lure. Procedures were developed for mass rearing M. vitrata of African and Indian strains using synthetic diet without loss of vigour and reproductive potential. The female sex pheromone was re-examined using gas chromatography linked to mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and gas chromatography coupled with electroantennography (GC-EAG). In this study two new components, (E)-10-hexadecenol E10-16:OH and (Z,Z,Z,Z,Z)-3,6,9,12,15-tricosapentaene (ZZZZZ3,6,9,12,15-23:H), were identified as a part of the M. vitrata pheromone blend along with (E,E)-10,12-hexadecadienol (EE10,12-16:Ald). Laboratory windtunnel tests showed attraction of male moths to EE10,12-16:Ald and blends with E10-16:OH or ZZZZZ3,6,9,12,15-23:H equal to that of natural female extract for the first time. Field trials were conducted in West Africa in Burkina Faso, Ghana, Nigeria, Benin and at two locations in India. Although variable trapping results were obtained, in Burkina Faso the major component, EE10,12-16:Ald alone, caught significantly more moths than other synthetic blends consisting major and minor components. A similar result was found in India and the trap catch was significantly increased when E10-16:OH was added to the major component in a ratio of 10:90. Synthetic blends also captured female moths in West Africa but not in India. The role of the newly identified pheromone components and possible reasons for the female moth capture are discussed.
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Oliveira, Vinícius Pereira de. "Sobre águas revoltas : cultura política maruja na cidade portuária de Rio Grande/RS (1835-1864)." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/88349.
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Nesta tese propomos desenvolver uma história social das vivências de marinheiros a partir da cidade portuária de Rio Grande (Rio Grande do Sul/Brasil) entre os anos de 1835 e 1864, considerando tanto o universo dos trabalhadores da Armada Imperial brasileira (a marinha de guerra) como o da marinha mercante, o que englobava marujos livres e escravizados, nacionais e estrangeiros. Quanto à delimitação espacial privilegiaremos, juntamente com o espaço social do navio, a análise da região portuária de Rio Grande, a qual se destacava quanto à vivência de situações de sociabilidade e trabalho para o universo social em questão. Os marinheiros conformavam um grupo marcado por um forte estigma que os atribuía a fama de transgressores, desordeiros, indisciplinados, insubordinados, ébrios, brigões, etc. Buscaremos problematizar justamente esta fama nefasta atribuída aos homens do mar, refletindo sobre os seus termos e significados para os diferentes agentes envolvidos (Estado, senhores de escravos, comandos navais e marujos). Acreditamos que determinadas práticas e posturas marujas devem ser entendidas para além dessas adjetivações pejorativas, uma vez que poderiam estar relacionadas a leituras políticas próprias quanto às relações de trabalho embarcadas e ao lugar a eles reservado nos projetos de consolidação do estado imperial brasileiro. Mais do que simples rixa ou desordem, tais atitudes podiam ser o resultado da luta maruja por resguardar determinados modos de vida e ritmos de trabalho desejados, se inserindo assim em uma arena de contestações e conflitos que guardava relação direta com noções advindas de uma cultura política marítima atlântica. Na medida em que Rio Grande se articulava intensamente com diversas regiões do mundo, mediante a sua sólida inserção em circuitos náuticos regionais, nacionais e internacionais, atentaremos ainda para o papel dos vínculos atlânticos por sobre a conformação da cultura política dos homens do mar.This thesis aims to develop a social history of the sailors experiences from the port city of Rio Grande (Rio Grande do Sul State/Brazil) between 1835 and 1864, considering both the universe of the Brazilian Imperial Army workers (the war navy) as of the merchant navy workers, which included free and enslaved sailors, Brazilians or foreign ones. Regarding to the spatial delimitation we prioritize the analysis of both the Rio Grande port region, which stood out on experiences of sociability and labor situations considering that social universe, and the social space of the ship. The sailors formed a group marked by a strong stigma attached to the fame of wrongdoers, unruly, undisciplined, insubordinate, drunken, quarrelsome, etc. We aim to problematize this nefarious reputation attributed to the men of the sea, reflecting on their terms and meanings for different actors involved (State, slaveholders, naval commandos and sailors). We believe that certain sailor‟s practices and attitudes should be understood beyond these pejorative adjectives since they could be related to some proper political reading regarding labor relations on the ship and the role assigned to them in the projects of the consolidation of the Brazilian imperial state. More than just fray or disorder such attitudes could be the result of the sailors struggle to safeguard certain lifestyles and working patterns desired, thus involved into an arena of contestation and conflict which had a direct relation with notions derived from an Atlantic sea political culture. As Rio Grande was heavily connected with various regions of the world through its solid insertion in regional, national and international nautical circuits, we also analyses the role of the Atlantic bonds over the conformation of the political culture of the men of the sea.
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Jacobs, Olga Sanet. "An autecological study of the Marula (Sclerocarya birrea) in the Kruger National Park with specific reference to the relative impact from elephants and fire." Pretoria : [s.n.], 2006. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-04032006-093210.
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Diaz, Mary Luz Raigosa. "Estudo diagenético aplicado ao Membro Maruim da Formação Riachuelo , na parte terrestre da sub-bacia de Sergipe, Brasil." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2011. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=3663.
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Financiadora de Estudos e ProjetosAgência Nacional do Petróleo
O Membro Maruim da Formação Riachuelo (Neoalbiano), na parte terrestre da Sub-bacia de Sergipe, contém fácies de água rasa compostas, principalmente, por rudstone/grainstone oncolítico oolítico, com baixo conteúdo e variedade de bioclastos. A correlação dos afloramentos e análise petrográfica detalhada, envolvendo catodoluminescência, microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV) e estudos isotópicos e análise química elementar, permitiram a reconstrução da história diagenética do intervalo estudado. As rochas carbonáticas do Membro Maruim estão completamente afetadas por processos diagenéticos associados aos estágios eogenético, mesogenético e telogenético. A dolomitização foi um dos principais produtos diagenéticos observados no estágio eogenético e encontra-se substituindo total ou parcialmente os calcários do Membro Maruim. A dolomitização concentra-se no topo dos ciclos deposicionais descritos na área de estudo e diminuem gradativamente para a base dos mesmos. As relações entre a porosidade e a dolomitização foram estudadas com base nas comparações da fábrica cristalina da dolomita preservada nos afloramentos estudados. Os resultados isotópicos das dolomitas indicam que o processo de dolomitização ocorreu a partir do refluxo de salmouras em um ambiente ligeiramente hipersalino (penesalino). As áreas mais próximas ao contato com a salmoura, fonte dos fluidos dolomitizantes, exibem menor desenvolvimento de porosidade, uma vez que nessas regiões ocorreriam processos de superdolomitização (Pedreira Carapeba). Nestas áreas a assinatura isotópica do carbono e do oxigênio é muito positiva (o valor do δ13C varia de 2.37 a 4.83 e o valor do δ18O oscila entre 0.61 e 3.92), indicando que os processos diagenéticos tardios não teriam alterado significativamente a assinatura isotópica original. As dolomitas geradas nas áreas afastadas da salmoura (pedreiras Massapé, Inorcal I, Inorcal II, Inhumas e Santo Antônio) exibem um maior desenvolvimento de porosidade e têm uma composição isotópica de carbono e oxigênio mais negativa (o valor do δ13C varia de -5.66 a 2.61 e o valor do δ18O oscila entre -4.25 e 0.38). A assinatura isotópica das dolomitas descritas nestas pedreiras também se encontra alterada por processos de dedolomitização. Os cimentos diagenéticos precipitados durante o estágio mesogenético foram os principais responsáveis pela obliteração da porosidade primária e secundária dos calcários do Membro Maruim. Adicionalmente, estes cimentos diagenéticos tardios calcitizaram as dolomitas, fechando parcialmente a porosidade secundária das mesmas. A porosidade das rochas carbonáticas também se encontra fortemente reduzida pela compactação mecânica e química. A dissolução foi o único processo que levou à geração de porosidade secundária no estágio telogenético, porém em porcentagens muito baixas. As fácies dolomíticas são as que apresentam maior desenvolvimento de porosidade secundária, como consequência dos processos de dissolução no ambiente telogenético. A dissolução compreende um dos últimos eventos diagenéticos identificados no intervalo estudado.
The Maruim Member of the Riachuelo Formation (Neoalbian), in the terrestrial part of the Sergipe Sub-basin, contains shallow water facies composed mainly of rudstone/grainstone with oncolites and oolites, characterized by the low content and variety of bioclasts. The correlation of the outcrops and the integration of the petrographic, cathodoluminescence, SEM and geochemical (elemental and isotopic study) analyses allowed the reconstruction of the diagenetic history of the studied interval. Carbonates of the Maruim Member are completely affected by diagenetic processes of the eogenetic, mesogenetic and telogenetic phases. The dolomitization was one of the main diagenetic products of the eogenetic phase and it replaces all or part of the limestones of the Maruim Member. The dolomitization is concentrated at the top of the depositional cycles described in the study area and it gradually decreases towards their base. The relationships between porosity and dolomitization were studied with basis on the comparisons of the crystalline dolomite fabric through the studied outcrops. The isotopic results of the dolomites indicate that the dolomitization process occurred from the reflux of brines in a slightly hypersaline environment (penesaline environment). The areas closest to the contact with the brine, source of the dolomitizing fluids, exhibit lower porosity development because there would have occurred processes of super dolomitization (Carapeba Quarry). In these areas, the carbon and oxygen isotopic signature is very positive (δ13C between 2.37 and 4.83, δ18O between 0.61 and 3.92), indicating that the late diagenetic processes would not have altered much the original isotopic signal. The dolomites generated in the areas farthest from the brine source of the dolomitizing fluids (Massapé, Inorcal I, Inorcal II, Inhumas and San Antonio Quarries), exhibit a greater development of porosity and have an isotopic composition of carbon and oxygen of more negative values (δ13C between -5.66 and 2.61, δ18O between -4.25 and 0.38). Moreover, in these quarries the isotopic signature of the dolomites is also altered by processes of dedolomitization. Diagenetic cements precipitated during the mesogenetic phase was responsible for the obliteration of the primary and secondary porosity of the Maruim Member limestones. Further, the late diagenetic cements calcitized the dolomite and partially closed its secondary porosity. The porosity of the carbonate rocks is also greatly reduced by mechanical and chemical compaction. Dissolution was the only process that led to the generation of secondary porosity in the telogenetic stage, although in very low proportions. The dolomitic facies are those that present greater development of secondary porosity as a result of the dissolution processes in the telogenetic environment. The dissolution comprises one of the last diagenetic events identified in the studied interval.
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Geis, Gunter [Verfasser], Ronald [Akademischer Betreuer] Tetzlaff, Arild [Akademischer Betreuer] Lacroix, and Joachim A. [Akademischer Betreuer] Maruhn. "Zellulare nichtlineare Netzwerke : Optimierungsverfahren und Anwendungen / Gunter Geis. Gutachter: Ronald Tetzlaff ; Arild Lacroix ; Joachim A. Maruhn." Frankfurt : Universitätsbibliothek Frankfurt am Main, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1042986711/34.
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OLIVEIRA, Nayana Véras Jardim de. "Fitoterapia popular: uma abordagem sobre a etnotoxicologia das práticas fitoterápicas no distrito de Marudá – Marapanim/Pará." Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014. http://repositorio.ufpa.br/jspui/handle/2011/7642.
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Esta dissertação discute, especificamente, a proposta de uma nova abordagem, a Etnotoxicologia, para a captação e avaliação de dados relacionados aos efeitos indesejados atribuídos a utilização dos fitoterápicos e se propõe a ampliar o arcabouço teórico existente acerca de plantas medicinais, contribuir para a consolidação de uma práxis segura e embasar ações, no âmbito das políticas públicas de atenção à saúde, no que se refere a utilização de plantas como recurso terapêutico no contexto regional amazônico, promovendo assim o desenvolvimento da fitoterapia segura não apenas na área de estudo, Marudá (Marapanim – Pará), mas também para outras comunidades que desenvolvem atividades semelhantes. Neste trabalho a proposta norteadora aponta uma análise real, por uma vertente relativamente nova, que pauta a coleta de dados na percepção dos praticantes da fitoterapia, levando em consideração a realidade na qual o indivíduo está inserido. Os objetivos específicos foram: levantar dados etnotoxicológicos relacionados a pratica da fitoterapia, sistematizar as informações relacionadas as plantas medicinais mencionadas pelos grupos de entrevistados, traçar o perfil de segurança para a fitoterapia praticada em Marudá a partir da Etnotoxicologia e elaborar um VadeMecum das referidas plantas medicinais, em articulação, produções acadêmicas anteriores. As informações foram coletadas a partir de entrevistas de campo realizadas com um grupo de dez pessoas distribuídas em três grupos: enfermeiros com atuação local, erveiras do Grupo Erva Vida e usuários locais e turistas. A dissertação desponta a percepção do grupo de entrevistados sobre os riscos associados a pratica indiscriminada da fitoterapia, e de acordo com os depoimentos é possível afirmar dentre as três categorias de fitoterápicos elencadas: remédios comercializados em farmácias tradicionais, remédios comercializados no Espaço Erva Vida e plantas in natura, que apenas as plantas, e preparados associados a elas, apresentaram relatos de efeitos indesejados.
The dissertation propose the expansion of the existent theoretical outline about the medicinal plants amid the Amazon regional context, from the social actors’ perception related to the phytotherapy practice in the studied area, Marudá’s District (Marapanim – Pará). Specifically, it discusses the proposal of a new approach, the ethnotoxicology, for the capture and evaluation of data related to the undesired effects attributed to the use of the phytotherapic. The specific goals were: to raise ethnotoxicological data related to phytoterapy’s practice, to systematize the information related to medicinal plants, which were mentioned by the interviewed groups, to describe the security profile for the phytotherapy that is practiced in Marudá from the Ethnotoxicology and to elaborate a VadeMecum to the referred medicinal plants, in conjunction with previous academic productions. The information was collected from field interviews made with a group of 10 people shared three groups: local nurses, herb women from the group Life’s Herb and local users and tourists. In this work, the guiding proposal points a real analysis, by a relatively new side, which interlines the data collect in the phytotherapy practitioner’s perception, taking in consideration the reality in which each individual is inserted. The dissertation emerges the interviewed group perception about the associated risks to the indiscriminated phytotherapy practice, in order to contribute to the expansion of the theoretical outline related to the theme, consolidation of a safe praxis and action’s effectuation, within the public politics of health attention, with respect to the use of plants as a therapeutic resource; therefore promoting the safe phytotherapy development not only in Marudá’s area, but also in other communities that develop similar activities.
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Pereira, Filipa Maria Cabrita da Cunha. "Sedimentação e estratigrafia de afloramentos do Membro Maruim da Formação Riachuelo na sub-bacia de Sergipe." Pós-Graduação em Geociências e Análise de Bacias, 2013. https://ri.ufs.br/handle/riufs/5392.
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Currently, most of the giant fields of oil reservoirs consist of carbonate rocks, and these holds more than 50% of world reserves of this energy resource, thus becoming the target of major importance study the oil industry and consequently, to the academy, where are trained professionals to work in the sector. In Sergipe-Alagoas basin, Riachuelo Formation is characterized by mixed sedimentation, consisting of
siliciclastics sediments, coming from the continent, and carbonate sediments of marine origin. These last are the constituents of Maruim Member and correspond to the object of study of this dissertation. In this study, we analyzed in detail four carbonate outcrops, located in the regions of Laranjeiras and Maruim where the sedimentological and stratigraphic analysis took place in order to characterize the vertical succession of the deposits within a stratigraphic framework generated in response to relative changes
in sea level. Deposits present in outcrops correspond to a clastic carbonate sedimentation occurred in an environment of inner ramp, in a carbonate homoclinal ramp model. The sedimentary environments are dominated by "not skeletal" grains essentially peloids and oncoids with subordinated ooids and reworked bioclasts. The main bioclasts identified correspond to groups of molluscs, echinoderms and
solenoporaceans .red algae In total, 28 lithofacies were defined for the studied outcrops, and the same were individualized by outcrop due to substantial differences in the components identified. By 1D stratigraphic analysis were identified 15 transgressive-regressive cycles throughout the studied section. The analysis of lithofacies characterized stacking patterns that show changes barriers systems over time
as a result of variations in the relative sea level, where the two basal outcrops would constitute the top of a depositional sequence and the two top outcrops corresponds to another depositional sequence. It was possible to identify that the deposits of the lower sequence were deposited in a highstand system tract and the top sequence shows sediments deposited in a transgressive system tract, correspondig to the intermediate outcrop and, highstand system tract, which corresponds to the top outcrop.Atualmente, a maioria dos campos gigantes de produção de hidrocarbonetos são constituídos por reservatórios de rochas carbonáticas, e estas detém mais de 50% das reservas mundiais desse recurso energético, tornando-se assim alvo de principal importância de estudo para a indústria do petróleo e, conseqüentemente, para a academia, onde são formados profissionais para atuar no setor. Na bacia Sergipe- Alagoas, a Formação Riachuelo é caracterizada por sedimentação mista, sendo composta por sedimentos siliclásticos, provenientes do continente, e sedimentos carbonáticos, de origem marinha. Estes ultimos, são constituintes do Membro Maruim e correspondem ao objeto de estudo desta dissertação de mestrado. Neste trabalho foram analisados detalhadamente quatro afloramentos de sedimentos carbonáticos, localizados nos municípios de Laranjeiras e Maruim, onde foram realizadas análises sedimentológicas e estratigráficas com o objetivo de caracterizar a sucessão vertical dos mesmos dentro de um arcabouço estratigráfico gerado como resposta a variações relativas do nível do mar. Os depósitos presentes nos afloramentos correspondem a uma sedimentação carbonática clástica que ocorreu em ambiente de rampa interna, no modelo de rampa carbonática homoclinal. Os ambientes sedimentares são dominados por grãos não esqueletais , essencialmente peloides e oncoides, com ooides subordinados e os bioclastos apresentam-se retrabalhados. Os principais bioclastos identificados correspondem aos grupos dos moluscos, equinodermes e algas vermelhas solenoporáceas. No total foram definidas 28 litofácies para os afloramentos estudados, sendo que as mesmas foram individualizadas por afloramento, devido a diferenças substânciais nos componentes identificados. Através da análise estratigráfica 1D foi possível identificar 15 ciclos trannsgressivo-regressivos em toda a seção estudada. A análise do empilhamento das litofácies caracterizadas mostram a evolução de sistemas barreiras ao longo do tempo, como resultado de variações do nível relativo do mar, onde os dois afloramentos basais estariam numa sequência deposicional inferior e os dois afloramentos de topo numa outra sequência deposicional. Foi possível identificar que os depósitos da sequência inferior foram depositados em trato de sistema de mar alto. A sequência superior apresenta já um trato de sistema transgressivo, correspondente ao afloramento intermediário, sobreposto por um trato de sistema de mar alto, o qual corresponde ao afloramento de topo.
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Trallero, Cordero Maria del Mar. "La huella de la amistad en los exilios de Concha Méndez." Texas A&M University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/1530.
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The poet, dramatist, and scriptwriter Concha Méndez (1898-1986), like many of
the women of the Spanish Generation of 27, has been forgotten by the scholars that have
been working in this generation. Few articles analyze the work done by Concha Méndez,
but there are still some of Méndezs texts that are unknown and so many questions about
her work that we already know.
As far as we know Méndez was influenced by her generations colleagues, such
as the poets Alberti and Lorca. We dont know anything about the influence from her
women colleagues.
Concha Méndez was not only supported by her family, but she was condemned
and rejected for being a woman who did not follow the social rules in those times in
Spain. But she decided to be a poet and an independent woman. In order to pursue that,
she had to suffer exile many times during her life.
In her first exile Méndez met Maruja Mallo, a painter who was always breaking
the socials rules and fighting for the liberation of women. Together they enjoyed an
intellectual life and they contributed to enrich it and to destroy the image of woman as
an obedient and submissive mother and wife. After that experience, she traveled to
Argentina. She was in her second exile when she met Consuelo Berges, a writer. Berges
offered her friendship to Méndez and also her influence in intellectual circles. Later,
when Méndez had to suffer political exile after the Spanish Civil War, she reinforced her
friendship with María Zambrano, a philosopher who also lived in exile and who was
always there to advise her about her works and support her from the pain of many
personal incidents.
All these friendships are traces in her work. My thesis is going to study all these
traces in order to better know Méndezs works and also to expand the study of the
women in the Generation of 27, which has been studied from a mans perspective very
well but still lacks study from a womans point of view.
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Marumo, Lesang Philadelphia. "The impact of in-service educator professional development programmes on grade 10 life orientation educators / Lesang Philadelphia Marumo." Thesis, North-West University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/8253.
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The post 1994 educational reforms in South Africa brought about a new thinking in the basic education system. The Curriculum 2005 introduces General Education and Training (GET) band comprising of Grades R-9 and Further Education and Training (FET) comprising of Grades 10-12. These changes necessitates that greater energy and investment be made in the development of appropriate programmes for professional development of educators at both pre-service and in-service levels in order to increase educator reorientation and competency in educating learners in the new education system.
The purpose of the study is to determine the impact of educator professional development programmes (pre- and in-service) on Grade 10 Life Orientation educators with regard to the implementation of the National Curriculum Statement (NCS) in the Francis Baard District. The study also aims to determine barriers encountered in the implementation of in-service professional development programmes for Grade 10 Life Orientation educators. The study consists of a literature review concerning the National Curriculum Statement and professional in-service training programmes. A quantitative approach was followed to collect the relevant data. Grade 10 Life Orientation educators in the Francis Baard District form the population of this study.
Two distinct conclusions are drawn from the findings of the study, namely;
• Educators professional programmes (pre- and in-service) had very little impact on the knowledge, skills and abilities of Grade 10 Life Orientation educators for the implementation of the National Curriculum Statement (NCS) in the Francis Baard District.
• Pre- and in- service educator professional development programmes attended by Grade 10 Life Orientation educators did not substantially improve their capabilities mentioned above to implement the National Curriculum Statement.
Four categories of recommendations are suggested, namely:
• The responsibility of the Department of Education towards the professional in-service training programmes.
• The teacher training institutions' responsibility towards the Life Orientation teachers.
• The formation of support groups in the different regions in the Francis Baard District.
• Further research should be conducted to improve successful implementation of educator professional development programmes ( pre- and in-service) on Grade 10 Life Orientation educators.Thesis (M.Ed.)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011
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Daminello, Camila Jericó. "Identificação e valoração sociocultural dos serviços ecossistêmicos - o caso da comunidade de Marujá, Ilha do Cardoso - SP, Brasil." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/106/106132/tde-20012015-220706/.
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A intensa relação entre sistema econômico e ambiental é tema de discussões e análises de diversas áreas de estudo, mas foi com o surgimento da Economia Ambiental e, posteriormente, da Economia Ecológica que este tópico teve o seu destaque. Mesmo com diferenças substanciais ambas as áreas têm como um dos seus objetivos a identificação e quantificação dos recursos e processos naturais que apresentam utilidade humana, chamados atualmente de serviços ecossistêmicos, através da técnica de valoração ambiental. Dependendo de seu enfoque, a valoração ambiental pode apresentar cálculos e concepções diferentes. Basicamente, existem três esferas de valor dos serviços ecossistêmicos: a econômica, a ecológica e a sociocultural. Por questões metodológicas, de definição e, principalmente, de relutância em discutir questões socioculturais, a última esfera se apresenta pouco desenvolvida e aplicada. A motivação de modificar este quadro se encontra na busca de um melhor entendimento dos diferentes usos dos serviços ecossistêmicos, com destaque para os chamados serviços ecossistêmicos culturais, a fim de uma tomada de decisão que se baseie nas três esferas de valor. Assim, com o objetivo de contribuir para o desenvolvimento da faceta sociocultural da valoração dos serviços ecossistêmicos, o presente estudo foi construído. Para isso, foi proposta e testada uma nova metodologia que permite a identificação (Free listing) e valoração sociocultural (Índice de Saliência de Smith) dos serviços ecossistêmicos através das respostas de comunitários quando submetidos a um questionário semi-estruturado específico. O estudo foi conduzido na Comunidade do Marujá, situada na Ilha do Cardoso, litoral sul do Estado de São Paulo. No total, 53 moradores tradicionais (representando 88% das famílias) foram questionados sobre suas relações, utilitárias, pessoais e comunitárias, com o ecossistema de praia que ladeia a comunidade. Ao todo, 18 serviços ecossistêmicos foram identificados, alguns descritos pela primeira vez, e classificados em três categorias, uma delas também criada neste estudo. Numa análise geral, Alimento, Trabalho e serviços ecossistêmicos culturais, como Identidade de Lugar apresentam os valores mais altos. A utilização de Free listing em conjunto com o Índice de Saliência de Smith se mostrou uma metodologia interessante para a identificação e valoração dos serviços ecossistêmicos a partir do envolvimento de uma população local. Seus resultados são consistentes e permitem a comparação com outros estudos, além de poderem ser utilizados, juntamente com valores de outras esferas, para a composição de um quadro mais completo de tomada de decisão.The intense relationship between economic and environmental systems has been discussed and analyzed in several areas of study, but it was with the advent of Environmental Economics and, subsequently, the Ecological Economics that this topic had its prominence. Even with substantial differences, both areas have as common objective, the identification and quantification of natural resources and processes that have human utility, also known as ecosystem services. This can be done by environmental valuation techniques. Depending on its approach, environmental valuation has different outcomes, methods and concepts. In general, there are three spheres of ecosystem services values: the economic, the ecological and the socio-cultural one. Because of methodological limitations, definition problems and, mainly, the reluctance in discussing cultural issues, the last sphere is poorly developed and applied. The motivation for modifying this situation is the search for a better understanding of ecosystem services\' different uses, with emphasis on the so-called cultural ecosystem services in order to take decisions that are based on the three spheres of value. Thus, with the objective of contributing to the development of the cultural sphere of ecosystem services valuation, the present study was constructed. A new methodology was therefore proposed and tested: this methodology allows the identification (Free-listing) and sociocultural valuation (Smiths Salience Index) of ecosystem services through the response of a community when submitted to a semi-structured questionnaire. The study was conducted in Marujá community, situated on the Cardoso Island, south coast of Sao Paulo State. In total, 53 traditional residents (representing 88% of households) were asked about their relationship, utilitarian, personal and community, with the community beach ecosystem. In all, 18 ecosystem services were identified. Some were described for the first time, and classified into three categories, one of which was also first assessed in this study. In a general analysis, \"Food\", \"Job\" and cultural ecosystem services, such as \"Sense of place\" have the highest values. The use of Free-listing in conjunction with the Smiths Salience Index appeared to be an interesting methodology for the purpose of identification and valuation of ecosystem services through local population. The results are consistent and allow comparison with other studies. In addition, it can be used together with other sphere values in order to compose a more complete framework for decision-making purpose.
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Aboubakar, Souna Djibril. "Stratégies de réussite parasitaire du parasitoïde larvaire Therophilus javanus et de ses potentialités d’utilisation en lutte biologique contre Maruca vitrata le lépidoptère foreur de gousse de niébé Vigna unguiculata en Afrique de l’Ouest." Thesis, Montpellier, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MONTG057/document.
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Maruca vitrata Fabricius (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) est un des ravageurs majeurs du niébé (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp. (Fabales: Fabaceae)). Au stade larvaire, ce ravageur peut détruire les boutons floraux, les fleurs et les gousses en développement, et causer, à lui seul, des pertes de rendement allant jusqu’à 80% dans un champ de niébé. Pour lutter contre cet insecte, une collaboration entre WorldVeg et l’IITA a permis d’identifier un agent potentiel de lutte biologique contre M. vitrata en Afrique de l’Ouest, le parasitoïde Therophilus javanus (Bhat & Gupta, 1977) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Mais aucune information n’était jusqu’alors disponible sur la biologie de ce parasitoïde.Mes travaux de thèse visaient donc à étudier certains des paramètres biologiques de T. javanus afin d’optimiser aussi bien sa production au laboratoire que son utilisation comme agent de lutte biologique au champ. Nous avons d’abord analysé le développement et le potentiel reproductif de T. javanus, mais aussi son comportement de localisation de l’hôte. En parallèle, nous avons étudié l’organisation de la glande à venin et recherché les gènes transcrits dans cette glande, car le venin peut jouer un rôle dans la réussite du parasitisme.Nous avons décrit le développement de T. javanus, qui comprend trois stades larvaires : les deux premiers stades se développent à l’intérieur de la chenille, mais seule une partie du troisième stade est endoparasite. Nous avons montré que l’âge de la chenille de M. vitrata lors du parasitisme influence significativement la durée de développement de T. javanus (de l’œuf à l’adulte) ainsi que le potentiel reproductif de l’adulte femelle. T. javanus est une espèce synovigénique chez qui la maturation des œufs s’effectue graduellement après l’émergence. Toutefois, ni le sex ratio de la progéniture ni la longévité des adultes ne sont influencés par l’âge de l’hôte au moment du parasitisme.Nos résultats concernant le comportement de localisation de l’hôte ont montré que la femelle de T. javanus visite les bourgeons foliaires, les boutons floraux et la gousse sur la plante de niébé. La localisation de l’hôte est influencée par l’espèce de la plante infestée par la chenille de M. vitrata.Nos travaux ont permis de décrire la glande à venin de T. javanus qui est filiforme et en forme de Y. Au niveau ultrastructural, les cellules de la glande contiennent plusieurs canaux collecteurs ainsi que de nombreuses vésicules. L’étude du transcriptome a révélé que la moitié des séquences identifiées dans la glande à venin de T. javanus présentent de similarités avec certaines enzymes et protéines observées chez d’autres hyménoptères, parmi lesquels le plus fréquemment représenté est l’endoparasitoïde Microplitis demolitor Wilkinson (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Nous avons également identifié une famille de protéines fortement exprimées dans la glande à venin de T. javanus qui sont similaires à des protéines du venin identifiées chez un hyménoptère ectoparasitoïde, Ampulex compressa (Fabr.) (Hymenoptera: Ampulicidae). Ces séquences ont été utilisées pour dessiner des amorces de PCR (polymerase chain reaction) permettant de détecter T. javanus de façon spécifique et reproductible à partir d’ADN génomique d’adulte de T. javanus et de la chenille de M. vitrata parasitée par la femelle de T. javanus.Ces résultats ont été discutés dans la perspective d’optimiser la production en masse de T. javanus au laboratoire et la méthode de lâcher, et de mettre en place un outil moléculaire pouvant permettre la détection du parasitoïde à partir de chenilles parasitées. La présente thèse représente une première documentation consacrée à la physiologie et la bioécologie de T. javanus. Cependant de nombreuses questions restent encore à aborder afin de pouvoir optimiser l’utilisation de T. javanus comme agent de lutte biologique en AfriqueMaruca vitrata Fabricius (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) is one of the most important insect pests in West Africa causing severe damage to cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp. (Fabales: Fabaceae)). The pest alone can cause up to 80 % yield losses. Damage is done by caterpillars on flower buds, flowers and developing pods. To develop the biological control of M. vitrata in West Africa, a collaboration has been established between WorldVeg and IITA that resulted in the identification of one promising parasitoid species namely Therophilus javanus (Bhat & Gupta, 1977) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Because of a dearth of data concerning T. javanus biology, the present work was initiated to assess the suitability of T. javanus as a classical biological control agent against M. vitrata in West Africa.In order to help for decision making regarding the use of T. javanus as a biological control agent against the pod borer, my thesis focused on some biological parameters as egg production capacity in females, immature development, the impact of host stage on the adult life cycle and the ability of adult female to localize M. vitrata on infested host plant organs based on olfactory stimuli. I’ve also investigated the morphology, ultrastructural organization and the transcriptome of the venom gland in females, and designed a PCR method for detection of M. vitrata caterpillars parasitized by T. javanus.Our study has demonstrated that T. javanus is a synovigenic species that mature eggs gradually after emergence and that egg production in progeny is influenced by the size or instar of the caterpillar host at parasitism. T. javanus is a koinobiont endoparasitoid that has three larval instars: the first and the second instars are completed inside the host whereas the third instar is achieved outside the host. Development time and fecundity were influenced by the size or instar of the caterpillar at the moment of parasitism whereas mother longevity and progeny sex ratio were not influenced. The females explored different parts of the cowpea plant but invested more time for searching on the buds. Female attraction by M. vitrata-damaged host plants odors was impacted by the plants species. Odors released from M. vitrata-infested host plant parts were discriminated from non-infested parts in selected plants, cowpea and Tephrosia platycarpa Guill & Perr (Fabales: Fabaceae), respectively. Finally we have shown that the venom gland produces proteins with similarities with venom proteins from other hymenoptera, in particular with the endoparasitoid Microplitis demolitor Wilkinson (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). However, the highly transcribed sequences were related to venom proteins in the ectoparasitoid Ampulex compressa (Fabr.) (Hymenoptera: Ampulicidae). Primers designed based on the sequence of the most expressed venom protein in T. javanus allowed to discriminate adult T. javanus from other adult hymenoptera parasitoids. Similarly, parasitized M. vitrata caterpillar could be distinguished from non parasitized M. vitrata caterpillar.These findings are discussed in the frame of improving mass rearing of the parasitoid in laboratory, and optimizing release strategies, but also of developing an approach for investigation of the parasitoid establishment. This thesis represents the first documentation devoted to the physiology and bioecology of T. javanus. However, some questions still remain to be addressed in order to decide on the possibility of using T. javanus as biological control agent against M. vitrata in West Africa
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Meira, Thiago Martins. "Comportamento biomecânico de mini-implantes ortodônticos em diferentes angulações / Thiago Martins Meira ; orientador, Hiroshi Maruo." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da PUC_PR, 2010. http://www.biblioteca.pucpr.br/tede/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=1818.
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Dissertação (mestrado) - Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, 2010Inclui bibliografias
Introdução: O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar o torque de inserção, força de arrancamento axial e superfície de osso cortical em contato com miniimplantes ortodônticos em diferentes angulações. Materiais e Método: 102 mini-implantes foram inserido
Introduction: This study aimed to evaluate the insertion torque, axial pull-out strength and surface area of cortical bone in contact with orthodontic miniimplants at different insertion angles. Methods: 102 mini-implants were inserted at 90°, 60° and 45°
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Ribeiro, Daniela Dantas de Menezes. "CARACTERIZAÇÃO HIDROGEOLÓGICA E HIDROGEOQUÍMICA DOS AQUÍFEROS CÁRSTICOS SAPUCARI E MARUIM, SUB-BACIA DE SERGIPE, BACIA SEDIMENTAR DE SERGIPE-ALAGOAS." Instituto de Geociências, 2018. http://repositorio.ufba.br/ri/handle/ri/25827.
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Os aquíferos cársticos Sapucari e Maruim são importantes reservas hídricas, uma vez que são responsáveis por parte do abastecimento público da Região Metropolitana de Aracaju, e dos municípios de Laranjeiras e Maruim. São compostos por rochas carbonáticas, localizadas na Bacia Sedimentar de Sergipe-Alagoas. As zonas aquíferas estudadas encontram-se nos municípios de Nossa Senhora do Socorro, Laranjeiras e Maruim. Os mapas de vulnerabilidade e risco funcionam como ferramentas de auxílio em ações de gestão de recursos hídricos, como a proteção das áreas de recarga e, consequentemente, a preservação da boa qualidade das águas. O método EPIK (DOERFLIGER; JEANNIN; ZWAHLEN, 1999) foi aplicado na pesquisa para determinar a vulnerabilidade dos aquíferos. As classes de vulnerabilidade apresentadas foram: muito alta, alta e moderada. As áreas com ocorrências de cavernas e feições cársticas, como “karrens” e dolinas, apresentaram os maiores valores de vulnerabilidade. As principais atividades potencialmente contaminantes identificadas na área são: cultivos agrícolas, exploração mineral do calcário, indústrias, aglomerados urbanos e postos de gasolina. A caracterização hidrogeológica se deu a partir da análise de parâmetros hidrodinâmicos, tais como: nível estático (NE), nível dinâmico (ND), vazão (Q), capacidade específica (Sc) e transmissividade (T), além de aspectos geológicos, geomorfológicos (feições cársticas) e estruturais. Todos os dados foram integrados em um modelo hidrogeológico conceitual. Para a determinação da transmissividade foi aplicado o método da recuperação de Theis (1935), usando a correlação T com capacidade específica (Sc). Os resultados de T são heterogêneos em ambos os aquíferos, destacandose o Sapucari. Neste, a T média é de 725,42 m2/d, já no aquífero Maruim é de 113,42 m2/d. O volume anual de água extraída por meio de obras de captação existentes corresponde a 26,2% da reserva renovável do Sapucari e 11,6% do aquífero Maruim. A aplicação de ferramentas hidrogeoquímica e isotópicas permitiram classificar as águas subterrâneas do Sapucari e Maruim como bicarbonatadas cálcicas e bicarbonatadas cálcicas magnesianas (Ca-HCO3- e Ca-Mg-HCO3-). A dominância dos íons HCO3- é atribuída à dissolução de carbonatos, um dos processos responsáveis pela salinização das águas subterrâneas na área. A alta correlação do STD com o sódio e os cloretos indicam a mistura de águas, devido à influência dos rios Sergipe e Cotinguiba, constituindo fator significativo no processo de salinização das águas subterrâneas. Os índices de saturação das amostras dos aquíferos Sapucari e Maruim indicam que ambos os aquíferos apresentam tendência à saturação e à supersaturação em calcita e dolomita. A análise de Componentes Principais contribui para a interpretação da influência dos rios nos aquíferos, principalmente no Sapucari, uma vez que a PC1 apresenta forte associação entre as seguintes variáveis: condutividade elétrica, sódio, potássio, magnésio, cloretos e sulfatos. Já no Maruim o cálcio e o bicarbonato apresentam boas contribuições na PC1, indicando uma predominância da dissolução de carbonatos na salinização das águas subterrâneas. Na investigação isotópica, o desvio em relação à Linha Meteórica Global é atribuído à evaporação e à mistura de águas de diferentes fontes. Os valores de δ13C (‰) indicam uma maior contribuição do intemperismo de carbonato por H2CO3- e pela decomposição da matéria orgânica presente no solo.
ABSTRACT The Sapucari and Maruim karst aquifers are important water reserves, since it responsible for a part of the public supply of the Aracaju Metropolitan Region, and the municipalities of Laranjeiras and Maruim. It is composed of carbonate rocks from the Sergipe-Alagoas Sedimentary Basin. The aquifers zones studied are located in the municipalities of Nossa Senhora do Socorro, Laranjeiras and Maruim. Vulnerability and risk maps function as tools to assist the water resource management actions as the recharge areas protection and, consequently, the preservation of the water quality. The EPIK method (DOERFLIGER; JEANNIN; ZWAHLEN, 1999) was applied in this research to determine the aquifers vulnerability. The vulnerability classes presented are: very high, high and moderate. The areas with occurrences of caves, sinkholes and karrens showed the highest vulnerability values. The main potentially contaminating activities identified in the area are: agriculture activities, limestone explotation, industries, urban development and gas stations. The hydrogeological characterization was based on the analysis of hydrodynamic parameters as: discharge; specific capacity; static and dynamic levels; transmissivity; besides geological and geomorphological features; and structural aspects, integrated in a conceptual hydrogeological model. To determine the Transmissivity (T) the Theis recovery method (1935) was used by the correlation of T with specific capacity (Sc). The results of T are heterogeneous in both aquifers, especially the Sapucari. In this aquifer, the mean of T is 725,42 m2/d, while in the Maruim aquifer is 113,42 m2/d. The annual volume of water exploited by existing catchments correspond to 26,2% of the Sapucari renewable reserve and 11,6% of the Maruim. The application of hydrogeochemical and isotopic tools allowed to classify the groundwater of the Sapucari and Maruim as Ca-HCO3- and Ca-Mg- HCO3- type. The dominance of HCO3- ions was assigned to carbonate dissolution and groundwater salinization. A high correlation of STD with sodium and chlorides indicates a mixture of waters due to the influence of the Sergipe and Cotinguiba rivers, constituting a significant factor in the groundwater salinization process. The saturation indices of the Sapucari and Maruim aquifers indicate that both aquifers show a tendency to saturation and supersaturation in calcite and dolomite. The analysis of Principal Components contributes to the interpretation of rivers influence in the groundwater composition, especially in Sapucari aquifer, since PC1 presents a strong association among the following variables: electrical conductivity, sodium, potassium, magnesium, chlorides and sulfates. In the Maruim aquifer, calcium and bicarbonate present good contributions to PC1, indicating a predominance of the carbonate dissolution in the groundwater salinization. In the isotopic investigation, the deviation from the Global Meteorological Line is assign to the evaporation and mixing of waters from different sources. The values of δ13C (‰) indicate a higher contribution of the carbonate weathering by H2CO3- and the decomposition of the organic matter present in the soil. . Keywords: Vulnerability. Karst aquifers. Transmissivity. Hydrogeochemistry. Stable isotopes.
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Noll, Daniel [Verfasser], Ulrich [Gutachter] Ratzinger, and Joachim [Gutachter] Maruhn. "Investigations on the transport of high-intensity beams using particle-in-cell simulations / Daniel Noll ; Gutachter: Ulrich Ratzinger, Joachim Maruhn." Frankfurt am Main : Universitätsbibliothek Johann Christian Senckenberg, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1121104509/34.
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MONTEIRO, Maurícia Melo. "Papel das plantas medicinais na questão de gênero dentre as mulheres pescadoras-erveiras do espaço Erva Vida Sossego/Marudá/Marapanim." Universidade Federal do Pará, 2011. http://repositorio.ufpa.br/jspui/handle/2011/9723.
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Trabalhar a perspectiva da implantação da opção terapêutica com plantas medicinais no Sistema Único de Saúde, na vila de Marudá, município de Marapanim no litoral nordeste do Pará, a partir da experiência em etnofarmácia e etnomedicina do grupo feminino Erva Vida, formado por mulheres que antes de serem erveiras, eram pescadoras artesanais, descortinou um universo que perpassa pelas limitações sofridas por questão de gênero, pela persistência, a despeito das limitações, de se manterem unidas, até alcançar a autonomia, que se configurou na produção e comercialização de remédios elaborados com plantas medicinais, com base no saber popular transmitido ancestralmente pela oralidade e que foi revitalizado por essas mulheres. Contando com o aval, o entusiasmo e a cooperação das pescadoras-erveiras, a experiência do Erva Vida foi trabalhada como estudo de caso, utilizando-se técnicas de levantamento qualitativo, como observação participante e rodas de conversa durante a pesquisa de campo que perdurou por 15 meses. Foi traçado um viés, que dialoga com a situação da mulher pescadora (pesca artesanal) e o saber popular sobre o uso de plantas medicinais como remédio. O referencial teórico utilizado procurou prestigiar a boa bibliografia de autores amazônidas sobre as temáticas protagonistas, onde foi possível observar que a questão de gênero na pesca artesanal incomoda e vem sendo estudada pela Academia, assim como fica transparente na leitura dos trabalhos realizados na Amazônia que o uso de plantas medicinais é um saber vivo e interligado à comunidade amazônida ribeirinha ou litorânea. A conclusão da dissertação veio ao encontro do objetivo proposto, conhecer a experiência das pescadoras-erveiras do erva-vida com as plantas medicinais, gerando informações suficientes para compor um memento fitoterápico, necessário para a inclusão da opção terapêutica com plantas medicinais no SUS de Marudá, e, em decorrência, compreender o processo emancipatório das mulheres pescadoras-erveiras advindo do saber apropriado sobre o manuseio e uso de plantas medicinais.
Work from the perspective of the deployment option of herbal therapy in the Health System in the village of Marudá, Marapanim municipality on the northeast coast of Pará, from experience in ethnopharmacy and ethnomedicine of women's group Herb Life, formed by women that before working with phytotherapeutic products were artisanal fishers, discerned a universe that pervades through the constraints imposed by the gender issue, by persistence, despite the limitations, of if remaining united until achieve autonomy, that whether configured in the production and marketing of medicines produced with medicinal plants, based on popular knowledge ancestrally transmitted by oral tradition and was revitalized by these women. With the endorsement, enthusiasm and cooperation of the herbalists-fishers, the experience of group Herb Life was worked as a case study, using qualitative survey techniques such as participant observation and chatting groups during the field research that lasted for 15 months. It was Traced a bias, that converses with the situation of fisherwoman (artisanal fishing) and the popular knowledge about use medicinal plants as medicine. Theoretical reference sought to pay tribute to the good bibliography the authors of de Amazon on the thematic protagonists, that it was possible observed that gender issue in artisanal fisheries bothers and has being studied by the Academy, therefore, as is clear in reading the work done in the Amazon that the use of medicinal plants is a learning alive and linked to riverside or coastal communities Amazonian. Conclusion of the dissertation went to meet the proposed goal know the experience of herbalists-fishers of the group herb life with medicinal plants by generating sufficient information to compose a phytotherapic mementum, necessary for the inclusion of the medicinal plants as therapy option in the SUS of Marudá and understand the process of emancipation of women herbalists-fishers, coming from the knowledge appropriate about the handling and use of medicinal plants.
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Maikai, Murna Abdullahi. "Development of an integrated pest management strategy for the control of Maruca vitrata on cowpea in Kebbi state of Nigeria." Thesis, University of Greenwich, 2013. http://gala.gre.ac.uk/11377/.
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The study was undertaken with the objective of developing an IPM control strategy against M. vitrata in cowpea which will replace the existing use of calendar based application of broad spectrum chemical insecticide (Mixture of 30g cypermethrin and 250g dimethoate) in Kebbi State of Nigeria. The study initially made use of a survey backed up by focus group interviews to gather information on the types of farmers’ cowpea cultivation practices, their perceptions on pests and pesticides and the economics of cowpea cultivation with the aim of incorporating those practices that were found to be IPM compatible in the strategy developed. The result showed that most farmers were small scale growers who inappropriately used chemical insecticides due to lack of knowledge of other alternatives. Farmers had good scouting ability as demonstrated by their knowledge of field insect pests of cowpea, the nature of their feeding habit and magnitude of damage due to these insect pests. Cowpea cultivation in Zuru is profitable, labour and insecticides costs were the major profit limiting factors in cowpea cultivation. Therefore, an on-station trial was conducted which initially focused on the evaluation of four potential IPM components for their suitability as control tools against M. vitrata using two cowpea varieties [Danzafi (local) and improved Kanannado (IT89KD-245-1)]. The result showed that neem (nke) at 5% concentration was as effective as chemical insecticide (mixture of cypermethrin and dimethoate) in terms of reducing larval infestation/damage, pods and seeds damage as well as increasing yield of cowpea. In the next season another on-station trial was conducted to validate use of nke on scouting basis as an IPM system for the management of M. vitrata using the same cowpea varieties. The result showed that, the scouting based nke application had significantly higher larval infestation/damage which significantly lowered yield in comparison with the calendar based insecticide application. However,; the highest cost benefit ratio was sustained by the scouting based nke application. During the third season on-farm trial, although nke on scouting based application had significantly higher larval infestation/damage compared to calendar based chemical insecticide application yield was similar, indicating that it was not affected. The application of nke on scouting basis did not affect the abundance of the natural enemies. It was therefore concluded that nke application on scouting basis has the potential as an IPM control strategy against M. vitrata in cowpea.
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Marinho, Mauricio de Alcantara. "Territorialidade e governança em áreas protegidas: o caso da comunidade do Marujá, no Parque Estadual da Ilha do Cardoso (Cananeia, SP)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8135/tde-13052014-105830/.
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Esta pesquisa tem por objetivo analisar os processos de governança entre grupos culturalmente diferenciados e as áreas protegidas, e como esses processos interferem na definição de novos territórios e territorialidades, envolvendo unidades de conservação (proteção integral e uso sustentável) e espaços de uso comum. Identificou-se uma modalidade singular de gestão comunitária e compartilhada, iniciada em 1993, entre a comunidade caiçara do Marujá e o Parque Estadual da Ilha do Cardoso (PEIC), em Cananeia, SP. Protagonizada por lideranças locais e empreendedores de políticas públicas, o estudo de caso demonstra a viabilidade de comunidades tradicionais planejarem seus próprios futuros, o que inclui o ordenamento ecológico e territorial. Propõe-se a adoção do termo comunidade de referência para designar o Marujá e outras comunidades que desempenham protagonismo e constituem locus de aprendizagem de práticas sustentáveis.This work analyzes governance processes in culturally differentiated groups and protected areas, seeking to understand how these processes interfere in the definition of new territorialities and territories, with protected areas (strict-use and sustainableuse) and commons. A singular model of community management and co-management starting in 1993 was identified among the caiçara community of Marujá and Ilha do Cardoso State Park, Cananeia, SP. Led by local leaderships and public policy entrepreneurs, the case study shows how apt traditional communities are to take care of their future, including ecologic and spatial planning. The term community of reference was adopted to refer to Marujá as well as other communities that are a learning locus of sustainable practices.
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Thys, Daniela Greenhalgh. "Estudo das dimensões dentocraniofaciais de indivíduos respiradores predominantemente nasais ou bucais / Daniela Greenhalgh Thys ; orientador, Hiroshi Maruo." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da PUC_PR, 2004. http://www.biblioteca.pucpr.br/tede/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=223.
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Dissertação (mestrado) - Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, 2004Inclui bibliografia
O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar e comparar por meio de radiografias cefalométricas laterais as características dentocraniofaciais de 41 indivíduos com maloclusão Classe II, divisão 1, 24 respiradores predominantemente nasais (RPN) com 17 respiradores
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Alvaides, Natalia Kerche. "Tradições traduzidas: um estudo psicossocial sobre as memórias sociais dos moradores da comunidade do Marujá − Parque Estadual da Ilha do Cardoso." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/6045.
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The failure to consider the existence of traditional communities in the implementation of protected areas has created serious social problems, causing the reorganization of their lifestyles and therefore change in the identity of the residents. The general objective of this research is based on the relationship between memory and identity, to analyze how elements of social memory of the residents of the community of Marujá − State Park of Ilha do Cardoso São Paulo Brazil dialogue with the political and administrative guidelines in the process of reconstructing their identities. Our intention is to identify changes in administrative policy guidelines, comparing the different editions of the management plan, as well as analyzing the performance of the committee to support management; rebuild community social memories and expectations experienced today; identify the influence of experiences passed on certain cultural and economic spheres of everyday life of the subject, and to analyze the relationship that is established between the social memory of the local population and the politicaladministrative guidelines currently proposed. Information was obtained through bibliographical and documental analysis, pre-interviews and interviews which combined oral reports of life histories and exploratory questions. The information was recorded, transcribed and analyzed to constitute categories: memories of place, memories of work and memories of resistance that allowed us to understand the relation between relationship between memory, political and amministrative guidelines and identity in the community of the conservation area mentioned. From this analysis, we conclude that social memory serve as an instrument for interpretation of present, producing the 'new' and linking it to the past and relates to the political administrative guidelines to the extent that residents participate democratically in PEIC ´s management and have ensured their permanence by recategorization of some patches of land conservation area in which they live and develop their economic activities. Accordingly, the protected areas would become also places where traditional identity can live and accept the new and thus translate themselves.
A desconsideração da existência das comunidades tradicionais na implantação das Unidades de Conservação tem gerado graves problemas sociais, causando a reorganização dos seus modos de vida e, consequentemente, alterações na identidade dos moradores. O objetivo geral desta pesquisa é, a partir da relação existente entre memória e identidade, analisar como elementos da memória social dos moradores da comunidade de Marujá − Parque Estadual da Ilha do Cardoso dialogam com as diretrizes político administrativas no processo de reconstrução de suas identidades. Especificamente pretende-se identificar as mudanças nas diretrizes político administrativas, comparando as diferentes edições do plano de manejo, bem como analisando a atuação do comitê de apoio à gestão; reconstruir as memórias sociais da comunidade e as expectativas vividas atualmente; identificar a influência de experiências passadas sobre determinadas esferas culturais e econômicas da vida do sujeito cotidianas; e, analisar a relação que se estabelece entre a memória social da população local e as diretrizes político-administrativas propostas atualmente. As informações foram obtidas por meio de análise bibliográfica e documental, observação direta, de pré-entrevistas e de entrevistas que combinaram relatos orais de histórias de vida e perguntas exploratórias. As informações foram gravadas, transcritas e analisadas de modo a eleger as categorias: memórias de lugar, memórias de trabalho e memórias de resistência; que permitiram compreender a relação entre memória, diretrizes políticoadministrativas e identidade existente na comunidade da Unidade de Conservação mencionada. A partir dessa análise, concluímos que a memória social serve como instrumento de interpretação do presente, produzindo o novo e o ligando ao passado e relaciona-se com as diretrizes político administrativas na medida em que os moradores participem democraticamente da gestão do PEIC e tenham sua permanência assegurada pela recategorização de algumas manchas territoriais da Unidade de Conservação nas quais habitam e desenvolvem suas atividades econômicas. Nestas condições, as Unidades de Conservação tornar-se-iam também lugares onde a identidade tradicional possa viver e aceitar o novo e, assim, traduzir-se.
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Intawong, Anongporn. "The structural evolution of Tertiary sedimentary basins in southern Thailand and their relationship to the Khlong Marui fault." Thesis, Royal Holloway, University of London, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.435493.
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Beccato, Maria Angélica Barbosa. "Elaboração participativa de uma proposta de reestruturação do sistema de tratamento de esgoto da Comunidade do Marujá - Parque Estadual da Ilha Cardoso - SP." Universidade de São Paulo, 2004. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18139/tde-07082005-183900/.
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Este trabalho trata da elaboração e encaminhamento de uma proposta de reestruturação do sistema de tratamento de esgoto da comunidade do Marujá PEIC SP. A comunidade caracteriza-se pela tradicional cultura caiçara, atividades de pesca artesanal e ecoturismo como fonte de renda, entre outros aspectos. A iniciativa do trabalho partiu da solicitação pelos próprios moradores, por meio da Associação de Moradores do Marujá (AMOMAR), e pela direção do parque, da realização de estudos que viabilizassem a solução de problemas advindos das estações de tratamento de esgoto existentes na comunidade. Sendo um assunto multidisciplinar, o trabalho envolveu etapas com diferentes enfoques para atingir seu objetivo. Foi realizado um diagnóstico para identificação dos problemas existentes nas pequenas estações de tratamento através de análises laboratoriais, entrevistas com moradores e levantamento do histórico de implantação destes sistemas. A partir disso foram pesquisadas alternativas de tratamento de esgoto condizentes com a realidade local com base em parâmetros para projeto previamente estabelecidos. Chegou-se a conclusão de que sistemas combinados de alagados construídos compõem a alternativa mais indicada para o local. Foi feito um breve estudo de caso sobre a utilização desta técnica na Comunidade de Serviços Emaús-Ubatuba/SP, que apresenta características semelhantes a comunidade do Marujá. Durante todo o trabalho foram feitas discussões com moradores locais do Marujá e membros de instituições governamentais e não governamentais a fim de consolidar o envolvimento de diferentes grupos na resolução do problema. Finalmente, foi elaborado um projeto, com fins de encaminhamento para uma instituição financiadora, prevendo atividades de implantação de um novo sistema de tratamento e de envolvimento comunitário em todas as etapas do projeto, visando sua auto-sustentabilidadeThis essay is about the elaboration of a proposal for restructuring the sewage system treatment in the comunity of Marujá, State Park Ilha do Cardoso (PEIC) - São Paulo. The comunity is known by its traditional caiçara culture, fishing handmade and ecoturism as income and they are part of an association of local residents (AMOMAR). The initiative of the proposal was from the local residents together with the direction of the park in order to study the possibilities of adopting solutions for the problems originated in sewage treatment stations which already existed in the comunity. As it is part of a multidisciplinary topic, the work deals with different focuses and phases to reach its objective. A diagnosis was made to identify the problems in the small treatment stations through laboratorial analyses, interviews with the comunity and a historical research on the implement of those systems. Then, a search for alternative sewage tretment was done, adequate to the local reality of the population, stabilishing parameters for the project. It was concluded that the combined system of constructed wetlands are the most adequate alternative for the area. So, a brief study was made about the technique implemented on the Service Comunity Emaús/Ubatuba/SP. During the project, discussions were carried on with the local residents and members of governamental institutions and ONGs, looking for a better participation of different groups in the solution of the problems. Finally, a project was elaborated to be sent to a financial institution, foreseeing activities to implement a new system of treatment with the involvement of the comunity in all the phases
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TEIXEIRA, Jean Michel Jorge. "Diagnóstico dos sistemas de abastecimento de água e esgotamento sanitário de Marapanim: um olhar sobre o distrito de Marudá e a sede municipal." Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015. http://repositorio.ufpa.br/jspui/handle/2011/7632.
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Após a publicação da Lei n° 11.445/2007, que institui a Política Nacional do Saneamento Básico, houve a necessidade de que os entes federados (União, Estados e Municípios) iniciassem uma nova postura diante dos cenários de insustentabilidade relacionados à deficiente cobertura dos serviços de saneamento básico, que leva a uma serie de prejuízos ao meio ambiente, à saúde pública e à economia, inviabilizando a promoção do bem estar e qualidade de vida dos cidadãos. Para garantir o cumprimento da referida lei a nível local, os municípios deveriam traçar metas e ações voltadas para a ampliação e universalização da oferta de abastecimento de água e esgotamento sanitário, através de medidas que envolvam o planejamento e a formulação do Plano Municipal de Saneamento Básico (PMSB), o qual deve ser iniciado com a construção do diagnóstico da situação de cada um dos componentes do saneamento básico. Nesse contexto, este estudo tem o propósito de contribuir com a construção do Plano de Saneamento de Marapanim, município situado na região nordeste do Estado do Pará, por meio de uma pesquisa e análise sobre dos serviços públicos de abastecimento de água e esgotamento sanitário. Ao final do estudo, foi sugerido um conjunto de propostas para a resolução dos problemas observados em cada setor.
After the publication of Law No. 11,445 / 2007, establishing the National Sanitation Policy, there was the need for federal agencies (Federal, State and Municipal) initiate a new position on the unsustainability of scenarios related to poor service coverage sanitation, leading to a series of losses to the environment, public health and the economy, preventing the promotion of well-being and quality of life. To ensure the implementation of that law at the local level, municipalities should draw oriented goals and actions for the expansion and universalization of water supply and sanitation by those measures involve the planning and formulation of Sanitation Municipal Basic Plan, which should be started with the construction of the diagnosis of the situation of each of the sanitation components. In this context, this study aims to contribute to the construction of Marapanim Sanitation Plan, municipality located in the northeastern region of Pará State, through a research and analysis on public services of water supply and sanitation. At the end of the study, a set of proposals to resolve the problems observed in each sector was suggested.
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Akter, Marufa [Verfasser], Margrit [Akademischer Betreuer] Schreier, Mandy [Gutachter] Boehnke, and Matthijs [Gutachter] Bogaards. "Women's Political Participation in Bangladesh Parliament : a Case Study Analysis of Women's Substantive Representation / Marufa Akter ; Gutachter: Mandy Boehnke, Matthijs Bogaards ; Betreuer: Margrit Schreier." Bremen : Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Bremen, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1192909836/34.
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Silva, Maria Lúcia Marques Cruz e. "Revista Litteraria do Gabinete de Leitura De Maroim (1890-1891) : subsídios para a história dos impressos em Sergipe." Universidade Federal de Sergipe, 2006. https://ri.ufs.br/handle/riufs/4687.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível SuperiorThis study has a general goal to analyse and to describe the Revista Litteraria Orgam do Gabinete de Leitura de Maroim" published between 1890 and 1891, in period of eight months as a struggle strategy by a group of intellectuals which belonged to the Cabinet and where at opposite endes to the publics government, regarding their cultural and politic representations. From the informations within the content and the typographic as well as the material resourses of the whole thirty-four editions in the process of prodution, circulation and apropriation it was not only posibile to acknowledge the profile of the authors which were more present but also the educational aim of the Cabinet, whish was in accordance to the concepts of apropriation, representation and materiality proposed by Roger Chartier, and to the Indictary Method proposed by Carlo Ginzburg. The analysis of textual corpus detected literaries produtions, discussions about New Pedagogy, scientificism, woman education, and politics inspired in republican beliefs. The ideological discussions caused the typography, where the magazine was printed, to close.
Este estudo tem como objetivo geral descrever e analisar a Revista Litteraria Orgam do Gabinete de Leitura de Maroim , que circulou entre os anos de 1890 e 1891, durante um período de oito meses, como estratégia de luta de um grupo de negociantes e intelectuais ligados ao Gabinete que fazia oposição aos poderes públicos, na imposição de suas representações culturais e políticas. A partir de informações contidas no conteúdo e nos recursos materiais e tipográficos das 34 edições, no processo de produção, circulação e apropriação, foi possível conhecer o perfil dos autores mais presentes e a proposta pedagógica da Revista, partindo dos conceitos de apropriação, representação e materialidade de Roger Chartier e do Método Indiciário de Carlo Ginzburg. A análise do corpus textual detectou obras literárias, discussões acerca da Nova Pedagogia, cientificismo, educação da mulher e política, inspirados nos ideais republicanos. Os embates ideológicos foram a causa do fechamento da tipografia onde a revista era impressa.
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Arodokoun, David Yao. "Importance des plantes, hôtes alternatives et des ennemis naturels indigènes dans le contrôle biologique de Maruca testulalis (Geyer) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), ravageur de Vigna unguiculata (Walp.)." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1996. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq25217.pdf.
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Gehlsen, Uta [Verfasser], Gerald Akademischer Betreuer] Moritz, Konrad [Akademischer Betreuer] [Dettner, and Rolf [Akademischer Betreuer] Ziegler. "Ernährungssystem, Verhalten und Wehrsekret des subsozialen Phlaeothripinen Suocerathrips linguis Mound & Marullo, 1994 (Insecta, Thysanoptera, Tubulifera) / Uta Gehlsen. Betreuer: Gerald Moritz ; Konrad Dettner ; Rolf Ziegler." Halle, Saale : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt, 2009. http://d-nb.info/1024859460/34.
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Lima, Lucas Ferreira 1986. "Processo sóciotécnico MACBETH de apoio multicritério à decisão e a organização de comunidades tradicionais : o caso da comunidade do Marujá no Vale do Ribeira-SP." [s.n.], 2012. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/285919.
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Orientador: Ademar Ribeiro RomeiroDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Economia
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Resumo: O Vale do Ribeira possui uma das áreas de beleza natural mais exuberante do Brasil. Entre seus parques e reservas naturais de mata atlântica se encontra uma imensa biodiversidade entre fauna e flora. O Vale do Ribeira possui diversas Unidades de Conservação (UCs), uma dessas é o Parque Estadual da Ilha do Cardoso (PEIC). O foco deste trabalho será a comunidade do Marujá, que reside no PEIC. Esta comunidade tem sido relativamente bem-sucedida nas suas tentativas com o estado em cumprir seus objetivos de conservação e preservação ambiental. Apesar deste sucesso, constata-se que os moradores têm muito receio de serem retirados do PEIC. Aliado a isto, os moradores têm ainda muitas dúvidas sobre como se organizar para atingir o seu objetivo de permanência no PEIC. Diante dessa problemática, o problema central que este trabalho procurará responder é como auxiliar a comunidade do Marujá a se reorganizar para que eles alcancem seu objetivo de permanência no PEIC? Considera-se que este tipo de problemática seja tratável mediante a utilização do processo sóciotécnico MACBETH de apoio multicritério à decisão, devido esta ser uma abordagem humanista, interativa e construtivista. Pois esta metodologia leva em consideração tanto os aspectos sociais quanto técnicos em qualquer decisão que envolva múltiplos critérios. O objetivo central desta dissertação é aplicar a abordagem MCDA, por meio do processo sóciotécnico MACBETH, a fim de auxiliar a comunidade do Marujá a se reorganizar e reestruturar, visando a sua permanência no PEIC. Começa-se esta dissertação por uma breve introdução ao tema, levantando a problemática, a hipótese, justificativa e objetivo central do trabalho. No segundo capítulo faz-se uma contextualização histórica da comunidade do Marujá, abordando aspectos físicos, sociais e econômicos da região. No terceiro capítulo faz-se uma revisão de literatura do processo sóciotécnico MACBETH de apoio multicritério à decisão, que será o instrumento metodológico deste trabalho. O quarto capítulo apresenta o processo sóciotécnico MACBETH implementado na comunidade do Marujá, demonstrando todas as fases do processo. Por último têm-se algumas considerações finais sobre os resultados deste processo. Conclui-se que a utilização deste processo auxiliou a comunidade a organizar melhor suas ideias, definirem concretamente seus objetivos fundamentais nas diversas áreas (saúde, educação, transporte, energia) e lutarem pelo seu objetivo estratégico, a permanência da comunidade dentro do PEIC
Abstract: The Ribeira Valley boasts one of the most exuberant natural beauty areas of Brazil. Among its parks and natural reserves of the Atlantic Forest is an immense biodiversity of fauna and flora. The Ribeira Valley has several protected areas (PAs), one of them is Parque Estadual da Ilha do Cardoso (PEIC). The focus of this work will be the community of the Marujá, which resides in PEIC. This community has been relatively successful in their attempts to comply with state goals of environmental conservation and preservation. Despite this success, it appears that residents have much fear of being removed from PEIC. Allied to this, the residents still have many questions about how to organize themselves in order to achieve their goal of staying in PEIC. Faced with this problem, will it be possible to help the community Marujá to reorganize itself so that they achieve their goal of staying in PEIC? It is considered that this type of problem is treatable through the use of the MACBETH sociotechnical process of multicriteria decision aid, because this is a humanistic, interactive and constructivist approach. Because this methodology takes into account both the social and technical aspects in any decision involving multiple criteria. The central objective of this dissertation is to apply the MCDA approach through the MACBETH sociotechnical process, to assist the community of Marujá to reorganize and restructure itself in order to stay in their PEIC. This dissertation begins with a brief introduction to the subject, raising the question, hypothesis, justification and central objective of the work. The second chapter is a historical overview of the community of Marujá, addressing physical, social and economic developments in the region. The third chapter is a literature review of the MACBETH sociotechnical process multicriteria decision aid, which will be the methodological instrument of this work. The fourth chapter presents the MACBETH sociotechnical process implemented in the community of Marujá, demonstrating all stages of the process. Finally there are a few final considerations about the results of this process. It is concluded that the use this process helped the community to better organize their ideas, ultimately establish their fundamental objectives in various areas (health, education, transportation, energy) and fight for their strategic objective, namely keep leaving in the community PEIC
Mestrado
Desenvolvimento Economico, Espaço e Meio Ambiente
Mestre em Desenvolvimento Econômico
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Otenio, Marta Matsue Yamamoto [UNESP]. "Sujeitos diaspóricos e negociações identitárias: o entre-lugar em Brazil-Maru e Sonhos Bloqueados." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/127939.
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000847843.pdf: 1784880 bytes, checksum: cd3cf7a490ebd6e097646a0325f3ad81 (MD5)No mundo contemporâneo fala-se insistentemente em identidades plurais, sujeitos hifenizados, mestiços, o que impulsiona o sujeito à busca incessante da construção identitária. A transição de uma era feudal para a modernização obrigou milhares de japoneses a buscarem melhores condições de vida em terras ultramarinas. No contexto da diáspora japonesa para o Brasil, pretendemos analisar os vestígios de hibridismo cultural no modo de viver desses imigrantes representados pela literatura. No início, podemos perceber uma certa resistência à assimilação da cultura brasileira, bem como a aversão à cultura do outro. Contudo, partindo do pressuposto de o processo de hibridação cultural ser inevitável à construção de identidades em condições diásporicas, esses imigrantes tiveram que negociar a inclusão de costumes brasileiros em suas tradições culturais. Nesse sentido, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo principal apontar as principais hibridações culturais sofridas por esses imigrantes e descendentes de japoneses. Desse modo, o entre-lugar parece ser um espaço acolhedor que possibilita a revisão dos princípios de estruturas cristalizadas de unidades e, assim, permitir uma plasticidade na negociação identitária desse sujeito diaspórico. Para tanto, a pesquisa tem como foco principal os romances Sonhos bloqueados, da nipo-brasileira Laura Honda-Hasegawa e Brazil-Maru, da nipo-estadunidense Karen Tei Yamashita. Honda-Hasegawa e Yamashita são duas escritoras descendentes de japoneses que dão voz às suas personagens femininas, e nos incitam ao debate de como as identidades na pós-modernidade são complexas, rompendo com a ideia de uma identidade fixa e centralizada. Ademais, Karen Tei Yamashita e Laura Honda-Hasegawa por mais inovadoras que sejam, elas ainda se mantêm conservadoras
In this contemporary world it is strongly discussed the issue of plural identities, hyphenated individuals, mestizos, which stimulates the individuals to the ceaseless search for identity construction. The transition from a feudal era into modernization forced thousands of Japanese to search for better conditions of life in overseas lands. In the context of Japanese Diaspora to Brazil, we intend to analyze the traces of cultural hybridity in the way of life of these immigrants represented in literature. At first, we can note a certain resistance to assimilation of the Brazilian culture, as well as an aversion to the other culture. However, on the assumption that a cultural hybridization process is inevitable to identities construction in diasporic conditions, these immigrants had to negotiate the inclusion of Brazilian customs in their cultural traditions. In this sense, the present work has the main purpose to point the main cultural hybridizations acquired by these immigrants and Japanese descendants. Thereby, the in-between seems to be a welcome space that enables the review of principles of crystallized structure units and then, to allow a plasticity in the identity negotiation of this diasporic individual. Therefore, the research has as main focus the novels Sonhos bloqueados, by Japanese-Brazilian Laura Honda-Hasegawa and Brazil-Maru, by Japanese- American Karen Tei Yamashita. Honda-Hasegawa and Yamashita are two Japanese descendant writers that give voice to their female characters and stimulate us to discuss how the identities are complex in post-modernity, breaking with the idea of centralized and fixed identity. Moreover, even if Karen Tei Yamashita and Laura Honda-Hasegawa are innovators, both still remain conservatives