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1
Chihota, Clement. "Towards Marxist stylistics: incorporating elements of critical discourse analysis into Althusserian Marxist criticism in the interpretation of selected Zimbabwean fiction." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/13117.
Full textAbstract:
Includes bibliographical references.The thesis - which locates itself at the interface between linguistic and literary studies - explores the possibility of developing a ‘Marxist- stylistic’ method of text interpretation, which primarily proceeds from Althusserian Marxist Criticism, but which also incorporates salient elements of Critical Discourse Analysis. In construction of the method, the thesis first investigates the need for Althusserian Marxist criticism to be mediated, and more specifically, the areas in which this mediation is required. The thesis then crosses over to the field of Critical Discourse Analysis where it identifies relevant theoretical and methodological resources that are capable of mediating the ‘gaps’ identified in Althusserian Marxist criticism. The construction of the Marxist stylistic method is then effected through the transfer of germane theoretical and methodological resources from Critical Discourse Analysis to Althusserian Marxist criticism. The distinctive properties of the emergent Marxist-stylistic method are delineated before the method is practically applied to the interpretation of at least four fictional texts – all written and set in Zimbabwe. The key outcome of the thesis is that a distinctive method of text interpretation, which meaningfully separates itself from Althusserian Marxist criticism, on the one hand, and Critical Discourse Analysis, on the other, emerges. The thesis concludes with a reflection on the application of the method and makes some suggestions for further research and development in the area herein labelled as ‘Marxist stylistics.’
2
Nilsson-Tysklind, Emma. "Marxist Comrades or Capitalist Pigs? : From Musical Proletarians to Musical Capitalists in Roddy Doyle's The Commitments." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Engelska, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-3421.
Full textAbstract:
Marxist themes of Roddy Doyle’s The Commitments have not often been looked at. Yet, they are decidedly prominent. The band make use of a Marxist image and of collectivist easy-played, easily-understood music in order to gain working class listeners. In fact, the band itself is based on an egalitarian structure, until it, due to an increasing individualist wish for success, falls apart. The aim of this essay is thus to argue, through pointing to the Marxist rhetoric of the band and the hypocrisy around it, and through a comparative reading between The Commitments and Orwell’s Animal Farm, that The Commitments has an allegorical value, much like Animal Farm does, when it comes to depicting the way Marxism has worked and failed as it has been practised in reality.
3
Lundgren, Jodi. "Narrative aesthetics, multicultural politics, and (trans)national subjects : contemporary fictions of Canada /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/9523.
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4
Tavidian, Amy Elizabeth. "Marxist allegory in Jack London's Alaskan Tales." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1990. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/565.
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5
Price, Brinley. "The language of traffic : colonial slavery and political discourse in the late eighteenth century." Thesis, University of York, 1997. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/2529/.
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6
Hetrick, Katherine Elaine. ""Having it both ways" navigating Terry Eagleton's contemporary identities /." Click here for download, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1703233331&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=3260&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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7
Sim, Gerald Sianghwa. "The race with class towards a materialist methodology for race in film studies /." Diss., University of Iowa, 2007. http://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/187.
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8
Hestetun, Øyunn. "A prison-house of myth? symptomal readings in Virgin land, The madwoman in the Attic, and The political unconscious /." Stockholm : Almqvist & Wiksell, 1993. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb35577879j.
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9
Andersson, Malin. ""If I Could Think of Somewhere to Go" : Alienation in S.E. Hinton's Rumble Fish." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för språk, litteratur och interkultur, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-41141.
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This essay focuses on the alienation experienced by Rusty-James in S.E. Hinton’s Rumble Fish (1975). It more specifically centers on the causes of his alienation and how the alienation is illustrated in the novel. The analysis shows that the alienation Rusty-James experiences is caused partly by socioeconomic factors; for example his lack of hope for the future is closely connected to the fact that he belongs to a low socioeconomic class. In addition, there are also psychological factors, for example a childhood trauma. The alienation and its causes are mainly illustrated through the symbolism of the featured Siamese fighting fish and how Rusty-James’ relationships are depicted.
10
Freeman, Thomas Elliot. "Lenin's conception of the party : organisational expression of an interventionist Marxism /." Connect to thesis, 1999. http://eprints.unimelb.edu.au/archive/00000223.
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11
Londero, Rodolfo Rorato. "FUTURO ESQUECIDO: A RECEPÇÃO DA FICÇÃO CYBERPUNK NA AMÉRICA LATINA." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2011. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/3980.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of this research is to discuss the reception of Latin American cyberpunk
fiction, in other words, the Latin American reception of cyberpunk fiction. The cyberpunk
fiction emerged in North American social and economic context in the 1980 s, and it depicts
several topics linked to place and moment of production: the failed States and neoliberalism;
the emergence of cyberspace and free circulation of capital beyond national borderlines; the
dystopian background, the disbelief in future and grand narratives collapse as it is proposed
by the lyotardian postmodernity, etc. These characteristics lead to identify the cyberpunk
fiction as the supreme representation of late capitalism (Jameson). However, how can the
cyberpunk fiction in Latin America be thought, it means, a place that is inside and outside of
the world system at the same time? The hypothesis of this research points out to utopian way
of Latin American cyberpunk fiction that does not exist in North American version. The
representation of utopia in this fiction is only possible due to places out of world system:
marginalized urban groups, Indian ethnics, ecological enclaves, religious movements, etc.
This research is composed by four chapters: the first one discusses science fiction, while a
genre which involves cyberpunk fiction, contesting its values (ephemerality, particularity and
imitation) in face to mainstream literature (eternity, universality and originality); the second
one approaches the Marxist model base-superstructure, which is considered pertinent to
analyze the relationship between text and context; the third one verifies the kind of reception
produced by Latin American cyberpunk fiction, in order to that, it is elected the Argentinean
magazine Neuromante Inc. as a sample of this reception; and the forth one analyzes some
novels in order to prove the hypothesis: Mañana, las ratas ( Tomorrow, the rats , 1977), by
José B. Adolph; Silicone XXI ( Silica 21st century , 1985), by Alfredo Sirkis; Flores para un
cyborg ( Flowers for a cyborg , 1996), by Diego Muñoz Valenzuela; 2010: Chile en llamas
( 2010: Chile in flames , 1998), by Darío Oses; El viaje ( The trip , 2001), by Rodrigo
Antezana Patton; El delirio de Turing ( Turing s Delirium , 2003), by Edmundo Paz Soldán;
De cuando en cuando Saturnina ( From time to time Saturnina , 2004), by Alison Spedding;
A mão que cria ( The hand that creates , 2006), by Octavio Aragão; La segunda enciclopedia
de Tlön ( The second encyclopedia of Tlön , 2007), by Sergio Meier; Os dias da peste ( The
days of the plague , 2009), by Fábio Fernandes; and Cyber Brasiliana (2010), by Richard
Diegues.O objetivo deste trabalho é discutir a recepção da ficção cyberpunk latino-americana, ou melhor, a recepção latino-americana da ficção cyberpunk. Surgida nos anos 1980, no contexto sócio-econômico norte-americano, a ficção cyberpunk representa vários tópicos ligados ao local e momento de produção: os Estados falidos e o neoliberalismo; a emergência do ciberespaço e a livre circulação do capital para além das fronteiras nacionais; o cenário distópico, a descrença no futuro e o fim dos grandes relatos históricos como propõe a pósmodernidade lyotardiana; etc. Estas características levam a identificar a ficção cyberpunk como representação suprema do capitalismo tardio (Jameson). Entretanto, como pensar a ficção cyberpunk na América Latina, ou seja, num lugar que se encontra ao mesmo tempo dentro e fora do sistema mundial? A hipótese que este trabalho apresenta aponta para o viés utópico da ficção cyberpunk latino-americana, inexistente na versão norte-americana. A representação da utopia nesta ficção somente é possível devido aos lugares que se encontram fora do sistema mundial: os grupos urbanos marginalizados, as etnias indígenas, os enclaves ecológicos, os movimentos religiosos, etc. Este trabalho organiza-se em quatro capítulos: no primeiro capítulo se discute a ficção científica, gênero que abarca a ficção cyberpunk, contrapondo seus valores (efemeridade, particularidade e imitação) aos da literatura mainstream (eternidade, universalidade e originalidade); no segundo capítulo se aborda o modelo marxista base-superestrutura, considerado pertinente para analisar as relações entre texto e contexto; no terceiro capítulo se verifica o tipo de recepção realizado pela ficção cyberpunk latino-americana, elegendo a revista argentina Neuromante Inc. como caso exemplar desta recepção; e no quarto capítulo se analisa alguns romances para comprovar a hipótese: Mañana, las ratas (1977), de José B. Adolph; Silicone XXI (1985), de Alfredo Sirkis; Flores para un cyborg (1996), de Diego Muñoz Valenzuela; 2010: Chile en llamas (1998), de Darío Oses; El viaje (2001), de Rodrigo Antezana Patton; El delirio de Turing (2003), de Edmundo Paz Soldán; De cuando en cuando Saturnina (2004), de Alison Spedding; A mão que cria (2006), de Octavio Aragão; La segunda enciclopedia de Tlön (2007), de Sergio Meier; Os dias da peste (2009), de Fábio Fernandes; e Cyber Brasiliana (2010), de Richard Diegues.
12
Barroso, Maria Cleide da Silva. "O ideÃrio construtivista e a formaÃÃo do pedagogo: uma anÃlise na perspectiva da crÃtica marxista." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2011. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=6962.
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgicoNo inicio dos anos 1990 do sÃculo XX, presenciamos um forte discurso no Ãmbito nacional e internacional da necessidade de melhoria da educaÃÃo pÃblica, sendo, a formaÃÃo de professores, um dos eixos norteadores dessa perspectiva. Desse modo, a dÃcada que antecede a virada do sÃculo fora instituÃda como a âDÃcada da EducaÃÃoâ, espaÃo de acontecimentos de congressos, fÃruns e encontros sobre educaÃÃo que resultaram em declaraÃÃes, recomendaÃÃes, metas e planos de aÃÃes estabelecidas pelos organismos internacionais, sobretudo o Banco Mundial. Nesse quadro, o construtivismo desponta como pedagogia dominante, a ser assumida pelas diretrizes orientadoras do processo de formaÃÃo docente, exigindo, por esse turno, uma proposta educacional â a construtivista â que compreendesse a inteligÃncia como um processo adaptativo, condiÃÃo absolutamente indispensÃvel para o processo de (re)produÃÃo do capital. Diante desse contexto, nossa pesquisa assume como objetivo analisar, à luz da crÃtica marxista, a relaÃÃo existente entre o ideÃrio construtivista e as principais diretrizes das polÃticas de formaÃÃo do educador, especificamente, a do pedagogo, investigando as determinaÃÃes impostas à prÃxis docente. Nessa direÃÃo, com base na perspectiva marxiana, buscamos o desvelamento e a apropriaÃÃo crÃtica dos elementos que nos apontam o real significado do construtivismo no curso de formaÃÃo de professores, analisando as relaÃÃes entre construtivismo e a formaÃÃo docente contemporÃnea, particularmente, do curso de formaÃÃo do pedagogo. Consoante com este referencial teÃrico, desenvolvemos uma investigaÃÃo de cunho teÃrico-bibliogrÃfico e documental sobre a formaÃÃo de professores encaminhada, particularmente, aos Cursos de Pedagogia, frente aos paradigmas atuais da educaÃÃo, enfocando o construtivismo e o alcance deste referencial no processo de formaÃÃo do Pedagogo. Para tanto, cuidamos primeiramente de realizar uma revisÃo teÃrica acerca da centralidade do trabalho, enfocando a relaÃÃo deste com os outros complexos sociais, especialmente, a educaÃÃo. De posse desse estudo passamos a analisar as bases piagetianas do construtivismo, retomando, ademais, uma anÃlise dos pressupostos teÃricos do construtivismo em Piaget, apoiados em teÃricos afinados com a perspectiva marxiana. No que se refere à particularidade da formaÃÃo do pedagogo e a sua relaÃÃo com o ideÃrio construtivista, tratamos inicialmente de esboÃar uma breve retrospectiva da histÃria do curso de pedagogia, avanÃando, por essa via, para anÃlise das DCNs-Diretrizes Curriculares para o Curso de Pedagogia (2006) e seu entrelaÃamento teÃrico-prÃtico com o ideÃrio construtivista. Por fim, destacamos o profundo poder de seduÃÃo exercido pelo ideÃrio construtivista e as conseqÃÃncias dessa adesÃo no campo da formaÃÃo do pedagogo, em particular, e da prÃtica docente, em geral, aprofundando, desse modo, o carÃter alienador das polÃticas de formaÃÃo de professores, jà que esse modelo teÃrico tem despontado como um forte modismo na educaÃÃo.
In the beginning of the years 1990 of the XXth Century, we watched a strong speech, in the national and international scopes, about the necessity of public education improvement. This way, the decade which precedes the century changing had been instituted as the âEducation Decadeâ; place in which congresses, forums and meetings have happened. These events have resulted in declarations, recommendations, aims and plans of actions established by the international organisms, mainly by the World Bank. According to this situation, the constructivism emerges as dominant Pedagogy, to be assumed by the orientating guidelines of the teaching formation process, demanding, by this time, an educational proposal â the constructivist â that could understand the intelligence as an adaptative process, essential condition for the capitalâs (re)production process. In face of this context, our research assumes as objective to analyze, by the Marxist criticism, the relation that exists between the constructivist ideary and the main guidelines of the politics of educators formation, specifically the teachersâ one, investigating the determinations which are imposed to the teaching praxis. In this direction, based on the marxian perspective, we search the discovering and the critic appropriation of the elements that show us the real meaning of constructivism in the teachers formation course, analyzing the relations between constructivism and contemporary teaching formation, particularly, of the teachers formation course. According to this theoretical perspective, we developed a theoretical-bibliographical and documental investigation about the teachers formation directed, particularly, to the Pedagogy Courses, in the face of the current educational paradigms, hanging the constructivism and the reach of this perspective in the teachersâ formation process. Towards this, we took care, first of all, about making a theoretical revision of the labor centrality, emphasizing its relation with the other social complexes, specially the education. Having done this study, we analyzed the piagetian basis of constructivism, retaking, moreover, an analysis of the theoretical presupposed of constructivism in Piaget, basing ourselves in authors who guide themselves by the marxian perspective. Concerning to the particularity of the teachers formation and its relation with the constructivist ideary, we initially sketched a brief retrospective of the Pedagogy Course, advancing, thorough this way, to the analysis of the DCNs - National Curricular Guidelines for the Pedagogy Course (2006) and its theoretical-practical entwining with the constructivist ideary. For the ending, we emphasize the great power of seduction practiced by the constructivist ideary and the consequences of this adhesion in the sphere of the teachersâ formation, particularly, and of the teaching practice, in general, deepening, this way, the alienating character of the politics of teaching formation, in face of the fact that this theoretical model has emerged as a strongly current practice in the education.
13
Bellinson, Robin L. "Theory in Culture: Toward a Psychoanalytic Criticism of Advertising." unrestricted, 2006. http://etd.gsu.edu/theses/available/etd-04042006-125208/.
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Thesis (M.A.)--Georgia State University, 2006.Title from title screen. Calvin Thomas, committee chair; Nancy Chase, Christopher Kocela, committee members. Electronic text (122 p. : ill., photos) : digital, PDF file. Description based on contents viewed May 8, 2007. Includes bibliographical references (p. 112-118).
14
Ázara, H. O. 1977. "O conceito marxiano de "capital como tal" = um estudo a partir do livro primeiro d'O Capital." [s.n.], 2012. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/280333.
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Orientador: Fausto CastilhoTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas
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Resumo: Esta tese procura reconstituir as categorias essenciais do "conceito marxiano de capital como tal", entendido como o núcleo da crítica de Marx à Economia Política e à sociedade capitalista, a que esta ciência corresponde. Nessa reconstituição nosso fio condutor é o uso heurístico feito por Marx de operadores da Lógica hegeliana. Procuramos explicitar o modo como Marx se utiliza da dialética da finitude, que tem como operadores lógicos as noções de limite e barreira, para caracterizar a subjetividade do capital, uma subjetividade marcada pela infinitude da vontade de valor e mais-valor. Essa vontade infinita de valorização se constitui no traço característico do capital como tal, ou seja, o não reconhecimento de limites ou a transformação reiterada de seus próprios limites em barreiras e sua consequente superação. Procuramos mostrar em que consiste a afirmação do capital como relação, isto é, como o capital tem o poder de fixar e subordinar a si o seu outro, o trabalho assalariado. Buscamos explicitar ainda como o capital, seguindo seu impulso sem limites por mais-valor, irá revolucionar completa e incessantemente as bases técnicas e científicas da produção e com isto gerar o processo de negação do trabalho vivo pelo morto que caracteriza a contradição-capital
Abstract: The thesis intends a reconstruction of the essential categories of the "marxian concept of capital as such", which is understood as a pivotal Marx's critique both the political economy and capitalist society in which this science is related. We aim to perceive the heuristic use done by Marx with the operators of the hegelian logic. We seek to demonstrate how Marx takes into account the Hegel's dialectic theory of finitude - which has as logic operators the notions of limit and barriers - to characterize the subjectivity of the capital, which is defined by the infinitude of the will of the value and surplus value. This will infinity of valorization is a fundamental feature of the capital as such. It does not recognize the limits of its own limits in barriers and your consequent overcoming. Furthermore we demonstrated what means the statement of the capital as a relation, this is, how it has the power to fix and subordinate itself and the others - the wage labor. Moreover we addressed how the capital following its momentum without limits from surplus value will increase both the structure of the technique and science production, engendering therefore the process of the denial of living labor by the dead labor which features the contradiction-capital
Doutorado
Filosofia
Doutor em Filosofia
15
Yazgi, Cihan. "Hegemony, And Value Construction In Kazuo Ishiguro'." Master's thesis, METU, 2013. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12615521/index.pdf.
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This thesis analyses the hegemonic processes that are maintained by traditions, institutions and formations by discussing over the process of value construction the characters in Kazuo Ishiguro&rsquos two novels are engaged in. A Marxist approach is used along the way and the discussions over the novels were taken as an opportunity of underlining the necessity of a Marxist approach towards art in order to make use of its propaedeutic value and extract the hegemonic substance the artwork inheres. This thesis seeks to use the propaedeutic value of Ishiguro&rsquo
s novels to point out to the hegemony that is prevailing over our actual lives. It argues that the person always has to relate himself to a society, and hence that society and &lsquo
the hegemonic&rsquo
forces operant on that society come to shape his values and judgements at the end. In the end, what this study finds are the traces of the hegemonic processes that are hidden behind the individualized experience of Ishiguro&rsquo
s characters. Neither Stevens, nor Kathy can be underestimated to their individual choices. It is the hegemony, and the tradition and the institutions of that hegemony that construct their existence. Also, it is found out that it is again the hegemony that shapes the existence of Ishiguro&rsquo
s value judgements and his works&rsquo
value schemes that are studied here.
16
Alves, Antônio José Lopes 1966. "A cientificidade na obra marxiana de maturidade : uma teoria das Daseinsformen." [s.n.], 2012. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/280418.
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Orientador: João Carlos Kfouri Quartim de MoraesTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas
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Resumo: A presente tese resulta de pesquisa de doutoramento a qual teve por objeto o padrão de cientificidade que orienta e estrutura a crítica marxiana da economia política em sua fase de maturidade. Nesse sentido, buscou-se apreender, compreender e explicitar o conjunto de elementos e determinações conceituais a partir dos quais se organizou o pensamento de Marx no enfrentamento da decifração do modo capitalista de produção da vida humana, bem como quando da tarefa de avaliação de pensadores e correntes da economia política que pretenderam explicar cientificamente o mundo da produção do excedente. A questão inicial a que se volta Marx é precisamente explicitar a natureza do mais-valor, a forma da riqueza como capital, superando as aporias e inconsistências que caracterizaram as aproximações teóricas dos economistas. O trabalho de investigação dos textos marxianos evidenciou a existência de uma teorização cuja base é a definição do estatuto das categorias como Daseinsformen, Existenzbestimmungenen, como formas sociais de ser do existente, seja este ente, processo ou relação. As relações sociais mesmas apareceram a partir desse horizonte como formas de existência historicamente determinada dos indivíduos sociais, de sua atividade e dos produtos desta. Essa determinação vai de encontro com o que a tradição das interpretações marxistas, majoritariamente, assumia como base da exercitação científica de Marx: a dialética hegeliana. Contrapondo-se a essa posição predominante, a pesquisa, e a tese que nela se arrima, intentou descortinar e revelar o caráter da teoria marxiana acerca do capital, como uma analítica categorial das formas de ser da produção capitalista. No âmbito do desenvolvimento da pesquisa, buscou-se então determinar o mais precisamente possível o que distingue essa analítica, a delimitação da differentia specifica do objeto da reflexão marxiana. Nesse contexto, o Forschungsweise marxiano, o seu modo de investigação, e não tanto o seu modo de apresentação constante de O Capital, foi prioritariamente considerado como o centro da própria atividade científica de Marx. Assim, o Darstellungsweise revelou-se como instância determinada, e não determinante do discurso marxiano, estando sempre subsumida à ordem da analítica da forma do existente em questão a cada momento, bem como das relações que aquele guarda com outras determinações dentro de um complexo particular. Resulta disso, que a determinação mesma do momento preponderante não é tributária da eleição a priori de uma categoria em particular tomada como princípio ou chave explicativa. Ao contrário, depende da marcha da analítica como tal, da articulação que preside o ser da coisa como concreto efetivamente existente, independentemente da teoria ou dos procedimentos. A esse respeito, a própria questão de método acabou por ser reposicionada em função disso, não sendo mais entendida como núcleo da cientificidade, mas como momento igualmente determinado pelo talhe do objeto. O que encaminhou a tese da existência de um antimétodo no pensamento marxiano
Abstract: This thesis results from doctoral research which had the object of scientific standard and structure that guides the Marxian critique of political economy at its stage of maturity. Accordingly, we sought to learn, understand and explain the range of conceptual and determinations from which was organized Marx's thought in coping with the unraveling of the capitalist mode of production of human life, and when the evaluation task of thinkers and currents of political economy that sought to explain scientifically the world's production surplus. The threshold issue that turns Marx is precisely explain the nature of surplus-value, the shape of wealth as capital, overcoming the aporia and inconsistencies that have characterized the theoretical approaches of economists. The research of the Marxist texts revealed the existence of a theory whose foundation is the definition of status categories as Daseinsformen, Existenzbestimmungen as social forms of being of the existent, is this entity, process or relationship. The same socials relations that emerged from the horizon as the existence of historically determined forms of social individuals, their activity and products thereof. That determination runs counter to the tradition of Marxist interpretations, mostly, assumed as the basis of scientific exercitation Marx: the Hegelian dialectic. Opposed to this dominant position, research, and the thesis that it is anchored, brought uncover and reveal the character of the Marxian theory of capital as an analytical categorical ways of being of capitalist production. In developing the survey, we sought then to determine as precisely as possible what distinguishes this analysis, the delimitation of the differentia specifica of the object of Marxist reflection. In this context, the Marxian Forschungsweise, its mode of inquiry, rather than its mode of presentation contained in the Capital, was primarily considered as the center of scientific activity itself of Marx. Thus, the Darstellungsweise proved to be instance specific, not a determinant of Marxian discourse, being always subsumed to the order of the analytical form of matter exists in every moment, as well as that of relations with other custody determinations within a particular complex. It follows that the same determination of the tax is not currently leading the election in advance of a particular category or taken as a key explanatory principle. Rather, it's the march of analytics as such, who chairs the joint is the real thing as actually existing, regardless of theory or procedures. In this respect, the very question of method turned out to be repositioned because of this, no longer seen as core scientific, but also time as determined by the intaglio of the object. What forwarded the theory that there was an antimetod in Marxian thought
Doutorado
Filosofia
Doutor em Filosofia
17
Das, Gupta Kalyan. "Christopher Caudwell, Raymond Williams and Terry Eagleton." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/25578.
Full textAbstract:
This dissertation politically analyses the principles of literary evaluation (here called "axiology") argued and applied by the English critics Christopher Caudwell, Raymond Williams, and Terry Eagleton. The paradoxical fact that all three claim to be working within a Marxist framework while producing mutually divergent rationales for literary evaluation prompts a detailed examination of Marx and Engels. Moreover, since Caudwell and Eagleton acknowledge Leninism to be Marxism, and, further, since Eagleton and I both in our own ways argue that Trotskyism--as opposed to Stalinism--is the continuator of Leninism, the evaluative methods of Lenin and Trotsky also become relevant.
Examined in light of that revolutionary tradition, however, and in view of the (English) critics' high political self-consciousness, the latter's principles of "literary" evaluation reveal definitive political differences between each other and with Marxism itself, centrally over the question of organised action. Thus, each of the chapters on the English critics begins with an examination of the chosen critic's purely political profile and its relationship to his general theory of literature. Next, I show how the contradictions of his "axiology" express those of his politics. Finally, with Hardy as a focus, I show the influence of each critic's political logic on his particular "literary" assessment of individual authors and texts.
The heterogeneity of these critics' evaluations of Hardy, the close correspondence of each critic's general evaluative principles to his political beliefs, and the non-Marxist nature of those beliefs themselves all concretely suggest that none of the three English critics is strictly a Marxist. I do not know whether a genuinely Marxist axiology is inevitable; however, I do admit such a phenomenon as a logical possibility. In any case, I argue, this possibility will never be realised unless aspiring Marxist axiologists seek to match their usually extensive knowledge of literature with an active interest in making international proletarian revolution happen. And, since it can only happen if it is organised, the "Marxist" axiologist without such an orientation will be merely an axiologist without Marxism.Arts, Faculty of
English, Department of
Graduate
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Dvorak, John N. "Lukácsian aesthetics in a post-modern world: understanding Thomas Pynchon’s Mason & Dixon through the lens of Georg Lukács’ the historical novel." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/3896.
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Master of ArtsDepartment of English
Timothy A. Dayton
This thesis project seeks to reconcile the literary criticism of Marxist critic and advocate of literary realism Georg Lukács with the writing of postmodern author Thomas Pynchon in order to validate the continued relevance of Lukácsian aesthetics. Chapter 1 argues that Lukács’ The Historical Novel is not only a valid lens with which to analyze Pynchon’s own historical novel, Mason & Dixon, but that such analysis will yield valuable insight. Chapter 2 illustrates the aesthetic transition from the historical drama to the historical novel by using Lukács’ ideas to explicate The Courier’s Tragedy, a historical drama found within the pages of Pynchon’s The Crying of Lot 49. Chapter 3 applies Lukács’ ideas on the “world-historical” figure and the “mediocre” hero of the classic historical novel to Mason & Dixon. Chapter 4 asserts that Mason & Dixon enables contemporary readers to experience the novel as what Lukács calls a “prehistory” to the present. This chapter also illustrates how the prehistory of Mason & Dixon anticipates Pynchon’s nonfiction essay “A Journey into the Mind of Watts.” Finally, this chapter demonstrates how Pynchon avoids the pitfall of modernization in Mason & Dixon, which Lukács defines as the dressing up of contemporary crises and psychology in a historical setting. Chapter 5 ties together the work of the previous four chapters and offers conclusions on both what Pynchon teaches us about Lukács, as well as what Lukács helps us to learn about Pynchon.
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BARROSO, Maria Cleide da Silva. "O ideário construtivista e a formação do pedagogo: uma análise na perspectiva da crítica marxista." http://www.teses.ufc.br, 2009. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/3573.
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BARROSO, Maria Cleide da Silva. O ideário construtivista e a formação do pedagogo: uma análise na perspectiva da crítica marxista. 2009. 151f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Educação) - Universidade Federal do Ceará, Faculdade de Educação, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação Brasileira, Fortaleza-CE, 2009.Submitted by Maria Josineide Góis (josineide@ufc.br) on 2012-07-30T15:09:03Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2009_Dis_MCSBarroso.pdf: 723459 bytes, checksum: 99a92689f1410a139f1e8a70311dfab6 (MD5)
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In the beginning of the years 1990 of the XXth Century, we watched a strong speech, in the national and international scopes, about the necessity of public education improvement. This way, the decade which precedes the century changing had been instituted as the “Education Decade”; place in which congresses, forums and meetings have happened. These events have resulted in declarations, recommendations, aims and plans of actions established by the international organisms, mainly by the World Bank. According to this situation, the constructivism emerges as dominant Pedagogy, to be assumed by the orientating guidelines of the teaching formation process, demanding, by this time, an educational proposal – the constructivist – that could understand the intelligence as an adaptative process, essential condition for the capital’s (re)production process. In face of this context, our research assumes as objective to analyze, by the Marxist criticism, the relation that exists between the constructivist ideary and the main guidelines of the politics of educators formation, specifically the teachers’ one, investigating the determinations which are imposed to the teaching praxis. In this direction, based on the marxian perspective, we search the discovering and the critic appropriation of the elements that show us the real meaning of constructivism in the teachers formation course, analyzing the relations between constructivism and contemporary teaching formation, particularly, of the teachers formation course. According to this theoretical perspective, we developed a theoretical-bibliographical and documental investigation about the teachers formation directed, particularly, to the Pedagogy Courses, in the face of the current educational paradigms, hanging the constructivism and the reach of this perspective in the teachers’ formation process. Towards this, we took care, first of all, about making a theoretical revision of the labor centrality, emphasizing its relation with the other social complexes, specially the education. Having done this study, we analyzed the piagetian basis of constructivism, retaking, moreover, an analysis of the theoretical presupposed of constructivism in Piaget, basing ourselves in authors who guide themselves by the marxian perspective. Concerning to the particularity of the teachers formation and its relation with the constructivist ideary, we initially sketched a brief retrospective of the Pedagogy Course, advancing, thorough this way, to the analysis of the DCNs - National Curricular Guidelines for the Pedagogy Course (2006) and its theoretical-practical entwining with the constructivist ideary. For the ending, we emphasize the great power of seduction practiced by the constructivist ideary and the consequences of this adhesion in the sphere of the teachers’ formation, particularly, and of the teaching practice, in general, deepening, this way, the alienating character of the politics of teaching formation, in face of the fact that this theoretical model has emerged as a strongly current practice in the education.
No inicio dos anos 1990 do século XX, presenciamos um forte discurso no âmbito nacional e internacional da necessidade de melhoria da educação pública, sendo, a formação de professores, um dos eixos norteadores dessa perspectiva. Desse modo, a década que antecede a virada do século fora instituída como a ‘Década da Educação’, espaço de acontecimentos de congressos, fóruns e encontros sobre educação que resultaram em declarações, recomendações, metas e planos de ações estabelecidas pelos organismos internacionais, sobretudo o Banco Mundial. Nesse quadro, o construtivismo desponta como pedagogia dominante, a ser assumida pelas diretrizes orientadoras do processo de formação docente, exigindo, por esse turno, uma proposta educacional – a construtivista – que compreendesse a inteligência como um processo adaptativo, condição absolutamente indispensável para o processo de (re)produção do capital. Diante desse contexto, nossa pesquisa assume como objetivo analisar, à luz da crítica marxista, a relação existente entre o ideário construtivista e as principais diretrizes das políticas de formação do educador, especificamente, a do pedagogo, investigando as determinações impostas à práxis docente. Nessa direção, com base na perspectiva marxiana, buscamos o desvelamento e a apropriação crítica dos elementos que nos apontam o real significado do construtivismo no curso de formação de professores, analisando as relações entre construtivismo e a formação docente contemporânea, particularmente, do curso de formação do pedagogo. Consoante com este referencial teórico, desenvolvemos uma investigação de cunho teórico-bibliográfico e documental sobre a formação de professores encaminhada, particularmente, aos Cursos de Pedagogia, frente aos paradigmas atuais da educação, enfocando o construtivismo e o alcance deste referencial no processo de formação do Pedagogo. Para tanto, cuidamos primeiramente de realizar uma revisão teórica acerca da centralidade do trabalho, enfocando a relação deste com os outros complexos sociais, especialmente, a educação. De posse desse estudo passamos a analisar as bases piagetianas do construtivismo, retomando, ademais, uma análise dos pressupostos teóricos do construtivismo em Piaget, apoiados em teóricos afinados com a perspectiva marxiana. No que se refere à particularidade da formação do pedagogo e a sua relação com o ideário construtivista, tratamos inicialmente de esboçar uma breve retrospectiva da história do curso de pedagogia, avançando, por essa via, para análise das DCNs-Diretrizes Curriculares para o Curso de Pedagogia (2006) e seu entrelaçamento teórico-prático com o ideário construtivista. Por fim, destacamos o profundo poder de sedução exercido pelo ideário construtivista e as conseqüências dessa adesão no campo da formação do pedagogo, em particular, e da prática docente, em geral, aprofundando, desse modo, o caráter alienador das políticas de formação de professores, já que esse modelo teórico tem despontado como um forte modismo na educação.
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Mata, Vilson Aparecido da. "Human Emancipation and Education in Marx: For criticism on the bourgeois formation in the horizon of social inequality." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2014. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=15637.
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgicoA tese apresentada trata das relaÃÃes entre emancipaÃÃo humana e educaÃÃo, a partir dos escritos originais de Marx. A utilizaÃÃo de categorias que tÃm sua origem em Marx de modo esvaziado e impreciso tem dado lugar a especulaÃÃes sobre a educaÃÃo como instÃncia que possibilita ao indivÃduo ascender socialmente a partir de sua inclusÃo âqualificadaâ no mercado de trabalho capitalista. Assim, reformas educacionais sÃo propostas com objetivo de adequar melhor a educaÃÃo ao desenvolvimento socioeconÃmico. O aprofundamento do estudo sobre as categorias do pensamento de Marx formam a base para a compreensÃo da emancipaÃÃo humana como transformaÃÃo profunda da sociedade e do papel da educaÃÃo nesse processo. O problema fundamental constatado na pesquisa em relaÃÃo Ãs reformas educacionais à que elas ignoram, por completo, o duplo carÃter da educaÃÃo (afirmaÃÃo e negaÃÃo do humano) na sociedade capitalista. Esse duplo carÃter nÃo pode ser ignorado em uma perspectiva educacional que pressuponha o pensamento marxiano. Por isso, neste trabalho, categorias fundamentais de Marx, como o trabalho em seu duplo carÃter (ontolÃgico e estranhado) na sociedade capitalista, a polÃtica, a emancipaÃÃo, o estranhamento, foram retomadas, bem como o estudo do mÃtodo marxiano como instrumento que nÃo se reduz à compreensÃo da economia polÃtica, mas como mÃtodo de apreensÃo do real e, portanto, formativo tanto em seu momento de investigaÃÃo como no momento da exposiÃÃo. O objetivo à fundamentar e delimitar as possibilidades e os problemas para uma concepÃÃo educacional com base no materialismo histÃrico e dialÃtico diante da contradiÃÃo entre a parcialidade da emancipaÃÃo polÃtica e a universalidade da emancipaÃÃo humana que se expressa na sociedade capitalista e que desfigura a educaÃÃo como potencializadora do ser humano. Tal objetivo sà pode ser atingido atravÃs da retomada, ao longo da tese, das categorias fundamentais em Marx. O quadro atual da educaÃÃo, que a expÃe como instÃncia justificadora e naturalizadora da atual forma societÃria demanda o estudo das bases da emancipaÃÃo em Marx, bem como os escritos do filÃsofo alemÃo sobre a educaÃÃo. As consideraÃÃes finais indicam que uma concepÃÃo marxiana para a educaÃÃo nÃo pode prescindir de seu duplo carÃter, bem como demanda uma subjetividade rica e o conhecimento do homem que se pretende como projeto de uma educaÃÃo que contribua efetivamente para a transformaÃÃo profunda da sociedade.
The current thesis deals with the relations between the human emancipation and education, from Marxâs original manuscripts. The use of categories which draw their origin from Marx in an empty and innacurate way has given place to speculations about education as instance which enables the individual to ascend socially from their skilled inclusion in the capitalist labor market. Therefore, the educational reforms are proposed with the objective of better adequating the education to the social economic development. The study deepening concerning Marxâs thought categories compose the basis for the comprehension of the human emancipation as a deep transformation of society and the education role in this process. The essential issue determined in the research in relation to the educational reforms is that they completely ignore the double nature of education (affirmation and denial of the human) in the capitalist society. This double nature cannot be ignored in an educational perspective which presupposes the marxisist thought. For this reason, in this work, Marx fundamental categories, as the work in its double nature (ontological and questioned) in the capitalist society, the politics, the emancipation, the questioning, have been taken over, as well as the study of the marxisist method as an instrument which is not limited to the comprehension of the political economy, but as a method of apprehension of what is real and, therefore, formative both in its investigation moment and its exhibition moment. The objective is to base and delimit the possibilities and problems for an educational conception based on the dialectical and historical materialism in face of the contradiction between the partiality of the political emancipation and the universality of the human emancipation which is expressed in the capitalist society and which disfigures the education as a driving force of the human being. Such objective can only be achieved through the recovery, throughout this thesis, from the fundamental categories in Marx. The current education framework, which exposes it as a justifying and naturalizing of the current contractual form demands the basis study of the emancipation in Marx, as well as through manuscripts of this German philosopher about education. The final considerations indicate that a marxisist conception for the education cannot prescind from its double nature, and it also demands a substantial subjectivity and the manâs knowledge which is intended as project of an education which effectively contributes to a profound transformation of society.
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Gustafson, Melissa Brown. "The Valuation of Literature: Triangulating the Rhetorical with the Economic Metaphor." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2004. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd510.pdf.
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Santos, Mariana Morás dos. "Política e Estado em Marx: uma leitura ontológica." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2018. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/21748.
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Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq
This work aims to discuss the Politics and State categories and their limitations and possibilities in the direction of human emancipation, under the theoretical reference proposed by Jose Chasin, with a view mainly concerning the research by the German thinker Karl Marx and the contributions that followed his thoughts. As politics are historically established to mediate and respond to the contradictions associated with the exploitation of man by man, i.e., contradictions engendered by private property, they are not inherent qualities to the Social Being in its ontological status, and are, therefore, unnecessary for the full development of social relations. The State is analyzed as an institution that shapes and ensures social contradictions and, thus, cannot be seen as a possibility to overcome sociability condensed by private property, since it is in itself the expression of this sociability. It is necessary to point out that such sociability is founded, in the production and reproduction modes of life, through labor externalization, which will be expropriated from the producer. Thus, the fruits of labor appear as foreign and strange to those who produce them. This foreign and estrangement movement is elevated towards the producer relation with the world, to the other men and to himself, since human production is a generic form of production, outlining the being that is separated from the social community. Thus, the possibility of overcoming this kind of sociability, that forges a dehumanized being, is carried out by the radical revolution of the mode of production, and it is necessary to surpass the form of work configured as foreign, since such an overtaking is itself the key to raising man to his generic conscience and, thus, oppose in order to overcome the particular forms of estrangement of being in the world, that constitute themselves as a coagulation of the inhuman, such as religion and politics. Such radical revolution must engender a reappropriation of the social forces usurped by politics, as a way of overriding the State, leading to the dissolution of the political practice of dispute of the power of State
Este trabalho pretende discutir as categorias Política e Estado, suas limitações e possibilidades no rumo da emancipação humana, sob o referencial teórico proposto por José Chasin, com um olhar principalmente às obras do pensador alemão Karl Marx e às contribuições posteriores ao seu pensamento. Sendo a política constituída historicamente para mediar e responder as contradições ligadas à exploração do homem pelo homem, ou seja, contradições engendradas pela propriedade privada, ela não é predicado inerente ao Ser Social em seu estatuto ontológico, e, por isso, é desnecessária ao pleno desenvolvimento das relações sociais. O Estado é analisado enquanto instituição que plasma e assegura as contradições sociais, de onde não pode ser visto como possibilidade à ultrapassagem da sociabilidade condensada pela propriedade privada, pois é ele mesmo a expressão dessa sociabilidade. Faz-se necessário apontar que tal sociabilidade é composta no modo de produção e reprodução da vida, por meio da exteriorização do trabalho, que será expropriado do produtor. Sendo assim, o fruto do trabalho aparece como alheio e estranho a quem o produz. Tal movimento de alienação e estranhamento é elevado à relação do produtor com o mundo, com os outros homens e consigo mesmo, por ser a produção humana forma de produção genérica, delineando o ser que está apartado da comunidade social. Assim, constata-se que a possibilidade de ultrapassar tal tipo de sociabilidade que forja um ser desumanizado é pelo revolucionamento radical do modo de produção, sendo necessário ultrapassar a forma do trabalho que se configura como estranhado, pois tal ultrapassagem é ela mesma chave para elevar o homem à sua consciência genérica e, assim, combater com vistas à ultrapassagem das formas particulares de estranhamento do ser no mundo que se constituem como coagulação do inumano, como a religião e a política. Tal revolução radical deve engendrar uma reapropriação das forças sociais usurpadas pela política, como modo de suprassunção do Estado e, assim, a dissolução da prática política de disputa do poder de Estado
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Shashidhar, R. "From literary criticism to Marxism : an analysis of the holistic writings of Raymond Williams." Thesis, University of Manchester, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.686243.
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Nercessian, Andy Hagop. "Marxism-Leninism, national identity, and the perception of Armenian music." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.619554.
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Byron, Christopher. "Critically Developing Real Capabilities." UNF Digital Commons, 2014. https://digitalcommons.unf.edu/etd/485.
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Critical Realism, the Capabilities Approach, and Marxism, all have underdeveloped theoretical problems. For Critical Realism, the ceteris paribus clause, which is used to asses an ideological critique, does not properly specify what other things warrant the dismissal or acceptance of said critique. For the Capabilities Approach, a proper ontology or metaphysics is missing, and the claim that the Capabilities Approach can be metaphysically neutral is false. Finally, Marxism is good at describing the more onerous aspects of capitalism (e.g., alienation, exploitation, crisis), but it does not provide normative force for seeing these descriptions as bad. I argue that these three schools of thought, when connected through the ontology of Critical Realism, can be rendered mutually inclusive, and each theory can help address the lacuna in its respective counterpart. Critical Realism gives to Marxism and the Capabilities Approach ontological justification, and the Capabilities Approach gives to Critical Realism and Marxism normative force. And finally, Marxism gives to the Capabilities Approach a more radical, but consistent twist that furthers the goal of realizing our shared human powers.
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Souza, Evelise Guioto de. "Dogville, filme e crítica." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8147/tde-17102007-151818/.
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Dogville é um filme que suscitou reações opostas e viscerais. Essa dissertação aborda dois aspectos desse fenômeno. Em primeiro lugar, uma leitura do filme especialmente no que diz respeito a seu princípio contraditório. Não se trata apenas de abrigar aspectos realistas da chamada linguagem clássica do cinema conjuntamente com aspectos antiilusionistas de inspiração assumidamente brechtiana. Trata-se de compreender como essa contradição é o coração do filme e produz seu sentido. Em seguida, uma leitura da crítica publicada nos veículos de comunicação de grande circulação procura identificar como esses textos encaram ou ignoram essa contradição, bem como as pré-concepções que permitem que eles assim o façam e que determinam as análises que produzem.Dogville is a movie to which most people reacted passionately, whether in favor or against it. This dissertation approaches two aspects of this phenomenon. First, it provides a reading of the film that focuses on its contradictory principle. It is not only about the fact that some of it resorts to classic realism whereas some other aspects question this illusionism by deriving from a Brechtian inspiration. It is about understanding how this very contradiction is the heart and soul of the movie and how it is this that produces its content. Then, a reading of reviews published in wide circulation papers attempts to identify how these texts either address or ignore this contradiction, as well as the pre-conceptions that allow them to do so and that determine the analyses they produce.
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Rivetti, Ugo Urbano Casares. "Crítica e modernidade em Raymond Williams." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8132/tde-27012016-123033/.
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Esta dissertação tem como objetivo examinar a obra do crítico Raymond Williams a partir do ponto de vista da crítica da modernidade levada a cabo pelo autor em um período específico de sua trajetória: entre Cultura e sociedade (1958) e O campo e a cidade (1973). Para tanto, parte-se da reconstrução da forma assumida por essa crítica nos esquemas interpretativos daquelas que foram as duas grandes influências formativas do pensamento de Williams, e que figuraram como as duas grandes correntes teóricas no cenário intelectual inglês do século XX: a crítica literária e o marxismo. Pretende-se oferecer, com isso, uma leitura alternativa da obra do autor, repensando o peso de cada um de seus principais textos, as linhas de continuidade e as rupturas atravessando-a e, por fim, o próprio sentido do desenvolvimento teórico percorrido por Williams no período considerado, notadamente, destacando-se o impacto que o marxismo exerceu na conformação do seu projeto teórico.This dissertation aims to analyze Raymond Williams work from the point of view of the critique of modernity undertaken by him in a specific period of his trajectory: from Culture and Society (1958) to The Country and the City (1973). Therefore, we begin by reconstructing the forms assumed by this critique in the interpretative schemes of the two greatest formative influences in Williams thought, and which became the two greatest theoretical currents in the English intellectual scenario in the 20th century: literary criticism and Marxism. Hence, we plan to offer an alternative interpretation of his oeuvre, reconsidering the importance of each of his main texts, the continuities and ruptures crossing it and, finally, the sense of the theoretical development covered by Williams in the period here considered, notably, focusing the impact that Marxism produced in the shaping of his theoretical project.
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Starosta, Guido. "Science as practical criticism : an investigation into revolutionary subjectivity in Marx's critique of political economy." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2005. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/34677/.
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The key theoretical concern of this doctoral research is to trace the way in which Marx discovered and developed the determinations of the revolutionary subjectivity of the working class. In order to achieve this, a critical reading of Marx's 'early writings' from the perspective of his later works was carried out in the first part of the thesis. Specifically, the analysis attempted to find in both the insights and limitations of the former and clues towards the direction that Marx's later development would take. One of the original results of my reassessment of Marx's early work is to uncover the methodological significance of those texts for Marx's re-appropriation of Hegel's dialectical method and the consequent determination of social science as practical criticism. The second part of my investigation consists in a critical analysis of the ways in which these early insights crystallised in the writing of Capital. The aim of this critical reading of Marx's most important work is to provide a reconstruction which goes beyond traditional Marxist theories and their unresolved tension between the forms of objectivity and the forms of subjectivity of capitalist society. In particular, my thesis is that most readings of Marx tend to see revolutionary subjectivity as abstractly free and as the opposite of the subjectivity alienated in capital. My own investigation of Marx's critical theory aims to show that, for him, emancipatory subjectivity itself is a social form of the alienated subjectivity of the modern individual. I show that the genesis of that emancipatory subject can be found in the transformations in the materiality of social life brought about by the real subsumption of humanity to capital. Finally, the investigation attempts to thematise the intrinsic connection between these questions of subjectivity and Marx's dialectical method.
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Naicker, Camalita. "Marikana : taking a subaltern sphere of politics seriously." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1015651.
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This thesis aims to open up the realm of what counts as political in the context of the Marikana strikes and subsequent massacre. It does primarily by taking into account the social, political and cultural context of Mpondo workers on the mines. Many narrow Marxist and liberal frameworks have circumscribed the conception of the ‘modern’ and the ‘political’ so much so that political organisation which falls outside of this conceptualisation is often regarded as ‘backward’ or ‘archaic’. It will provide an examination of the history, culture and custom of men, who have, for almost a hundred years migrated back and forth between South African mines and Mpondoland. This not only reveals differing modes of organising and engaging in political action, but also that the praxis of democracy takes many forms, some of which are different and opposed to what counts as democratic in Western liberal democracy. By considering what I argue, following some of the insights from the Subaltern Studies collective in India, to be a subaltern sphere of politics and history, it is possible to better understand the way workers organised and acted. The thesis also argues that most labour and nationalist historiography has been silent on the political contributions of women because of how Marxist/liberal analysis frames struggles through disciplined notions of work and resistance. Rather than objectifying workers as representatives of a homogenous and universal class of people devoid of context, the thesis has linked ‘the worker’ to the community from which s/he comes and community specific struggles, which are supported and sustained, often, by the parallel struggles of women in the community.
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Oliveira, Severino Gomes de. "A categoria marxista “revolução” na sociologia política de Florestan Fernandes." Universidade Federal de Alagoas, 2012. http://www.repositorio.ufal.br/handle/riufal/3534.
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This study seeks to develop an investigation into the presence of revolutionary theory of Karl Marx in political sociology of sociologist Florestan Fernandes. With that overall goal, put as the central focus of the analysis the category “revolution” of Marxian thought and the way the Brazilian sociologist promotes a recovery of the concept in order to develop explanations about the socio-political processes that occurred in Brazil governed by military dictatorship and the period know as “democratization”. Still, led by this overview seeks to build an argument that identifies possible connections consistent continuity between what Marx described as “Communist” intellectual allies in the ideological-political to the working class, and advocacy and support offered by the Florestan “Cuban Revolution”, the struggle for democracy “social” and against the traditional conservatism of Brazilian politics, and his admission to the Workers’ Party (PT) and a parliamentary constituency. In suggesting a discussion of how a Brazilian Marxist articulates in his political action and the main political ideas that involve the revolutionary conception of Marx, the research proposal developed here attempts to answer, within its possibilities and limitations, what it meant to be Florestan a “revolutionary” in Brazil and the relationship that this position has the meaning given the term by Marx.CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
O presente estudo procura desenvolver uma investigação sobre a presença da teoria revolucionária de Karl Marx na sociologia política do sociólogo Florestan Fernandes. Orientado por esse objetivo geral, põe como foco central da análise a categoria “revolução” do pensamento marxiano e a forma como o sociólogo brasileiro promove uma recuperação do conceito, a fim de elaborar explicações a respeito dos processos sócio-políticos que ocorreram no Brasil governado pela ditadura militar e no período que ficou conhecido como “redemocratização”. Ainda, conduzido por essa perspectiva geral busca construir uma argumentação que identifique possíveis nexos de continuidade coerente, entre o que Marx descreveu como “comunista”, intelectual que se alia no plano ideológico-político à classe trabalhadora, e a defesa e apoio oferecido por Florestan à “Revolução Cubana”, a luta pela democracia “social” e contra o tradicional conservadorismo da política brasileira, e o seu ingresso no Partido dos Trabalhadores (PT) como parlamentar constituinte. Ao sugerir uma discussão sobre como um marxista brasileiro articula em sua obra e ação política as principais idéias políticas que envolvem a concepção revolucionária de Marx, a proposta da pesquisa aqui desenvolvida intenta responder, dentro de suas possibilidades e limites, o que significou para Florestan ser um “revolucionário” no Brasil e a relação que essa posição tem com o sentido dado por Marx ao termo.
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Silva, Silvio Julio da. "Ética, filosofia do direito e crítica: entre o marxismo e a pós-modernidade." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/2/2139/tde-22042013-113833/.
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Vivemos, atualmente, uma grande crise econômico-financeira que afeta alguns países do mundo ocidental. Zygmunt Bauman escreveu A ética pós-moderna há mais de duas décadas, denunciando a crise ética que já existia naquela época. Aliás, a própria noção de crise, segundo Bauman, havia mudado de referência semântica, de algo relativo a critério para algo que não vai bem. Tal mudança data da Revolução Francesa acompanhando o desenvolvimento do capitalismo. A expressão pós-modernidade e, depois, modernidade líquida, de que Bauman se utiliza decorre das transformações sociais resultantes do grande progresso tecnológico mundial e, que, nos últimos anos, faz com que tenhamos de viver sempre nos adaptando a transformações de formas de vida cada vez mais efêmeras. Essa denúncia de Bauman coincide com dois aspectos importantes do marxismo: de um lado, uma irracionalidade excludente do modo de produção capitalista, inclusive com a imagem da cobra devorando seu próprio rabo. De outro, a denúncia da Escola de Frankfurt, quanto à razão instrumental. Contrariamente à Escola de Frankfurt, que admitiu entre seus membros considerações psicanalíticas, como as contribuições de Eric Fromm, Wilhelm Reich e Herbert Marcuse, Bauman não mencionou a psicanálise entre suas considerações. Tal fato é estranho em razão de conceituação da moral, como decorrente de uma pulsão interna do indivíduo, resultante do face a face com outra pessoa. Outro aspecto não contemplado por Bauman foi a não referência à filosofia da práxis, própria do marxismo. Ao criticar os filósofos e os juristas, por tentarem aprisionar a realidade cambiante em fórmulas fixas, Bauman perde a referência. Afinal, para ele os seres humanos são ambivalentes (bons e maus); os fenômenos morais são irracionais; a moralidade é aporética. Tese que defende. Por outro lado, faltaram considerações, como as de que o homem, ao modificar o mundo, modifica a si próprio, assim a práxis cria uma nova realidade e uma nova moral.This research thesis aimed to: Nowadays, we are passing throught a huge economics and finantial crisis that affects some countries from the called Ocidental World. Zygmunt Bauman has written Postmodern ethics more than twodecades ago denunciating ethical crisis that already existed at that time. More, the concept of crisis itself, according to this author, had changed from a semantic reference of something related to judgment to something the meaning became to something that is wrong, is not right. This inversion came along the French Revolution and followsthe development of capitalism. The expression post-modernity and latter liquid modernity, that the polish writteruses, are decurrent from the social changes caused by the great technical development. It forces us to live in constant changes to new ways of life, each time more ephemeral. Thus denunciation coincides with two important aspects of Marxism: the unreasonable productive way of capitalism shown by the picture of the snake eating its own tail. On the other hand, it denounces the School of Frankfurt regarding to the instrumental reason. School of Frankfurt, that admitted psychanalitic contributions, as the ones from Eric Fromm, Wilhelm Reich and Herbert Marcuse, in opposition to that, Bauman didnt brought up psichanalisys. This is weird because of his concept of morals as resulting from the internal drive from the person when dealing to each other. Another aspect not mencioned by him was the praxis philosophy from Marxism. Bauman got lost when criticizing philosophers and jurists for trying to aprisionate the dynamic reality intosthatic formulas. If the human beings arebad or good. The moral phenomenon are irrational, and morality is contradictory. According to him, on the other hand, thers not enough considerations as that the man when changing the world, at same time changes themselves, this the praxis creates a new reality and a new moral. Bauman criticizes philosophers and jurists for trying to consider reallity in a prestablish model but not give anything back. For him human beings are good and evil; the moral phenomenon are irrational; moral is contradictory. When changing the world men change themselves. The praxis creates a new morality and a new world.
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Nikolaou, Dimitrios. "Constantin Chatzopoulos en tant que critique littéraire." Thesis, Paris 4, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA040158.
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La critique littéraire représente une part non négligeable de l’œuvre de Constantin Chatzopoulos (Agrinion 1868 - Brindisi 1920). Comparée aux autres genres littéraires, auxquels il a sacrifié (poésie, prose, traduction, essais politiques), elle demeure jusqu’à nos jours le volet le moins connu de son œuvre. La première démarche indispensable afin de proposer une étude de son œuvre critique la plus complète possible, était de réunir l’ensemble de ses articles, parallèlement à ceux qui déjà étaient connus. Tel est l’objectif de la première partie de ce travail qui fait le point de la recherche. La seconde partie, théorique, suit la critique littéraire de Chatzopoulos dans le cadre des deux périodes de son développement : a) l’influence symboliste et nietzschéenne (1898-1902) et b) l’influence sociologique et marxiste (1907-1916). Sont présentés, pour ces deux phases, les revues littéraires qui ont accueilli les textes de l’écrivain. Chatzopoulos représente un chapitre important de l’histoire de la pensée critique grecque, car son œuvre rend compte des courants esthétiques et idéologiques de son époque auxquels elle est intimement liée. Dans la Grèce des débuts du siècle passé, il fut le premier à introduire les principes sociologiques et marxistes dans l’approche d’une œuvre littéraireLiterary criticism represents an interesting part of the Constantinos Chatzopoulos’ (Agrinion 1968 - Prindisi 1920) writing creation. Until our days it remains the least known compared to other literature types, which he served (poetry, prose, translation, political essay). A condition for a fuller study of his work as a critic was the collection of his articles, in addition to those which were already known. Hence this is the aim of all the elements which compose the first research part of our thesis. The second, theoretical part of the thesis monitors the Chatzopoulos’ literary criticism works within the pale of the two phases it occurs: a) the symbolistic - nietzscheic (1898-1902) and sociological - marxist (1907-1916). In both stages the presentation of the literary publications in which works by the author appeared is preceded. Chatzopoulos represents an important asset in the history of the Greek critical thinking, because his work was associated with aesthetic and ideological movements of his time. In Greece of the early past century, he is the first to introduce the sociological and Marxist values into the approach of literary work
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Papageorgiou, Elisaveth. "Idéologie, fétichisme et représentation. Mutations du capitalisme et intelligibilité du monde contemporain." Thesis, Paris 8, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA080001.
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Cette thèse interroge les apports de la critique marxiste de l’idéologie quant à l’intelligibilité dumonde contemporain devant un double paradoxe qui marque notre époque. Ce paradoxe consisted’une part dans la proclamation de la fin de l’idéologie et, d’autre part, dans la montée d’uneimpuissance politique qui alimente des nouvelles formes de mélancolie.Si la critique marxiste de l’idéologie, en tant que problématisation de la relation entre lesformes de conscience et les conditions de production de l’existence sociale, a contribué àl’intelligibilité du monde forgé par la modernité capitaliste en tant que champ de lutte etde transformation, les mutations du capitalisme la confrontent à ses limites.La totalisation du capital efface les distinctions qui fonctionnaient comme repères pour lacartographie de la totalité sociale et engendre une nouvelle expérience de la réalité ; lemonde prend la forme d’une surface plate et vitrifiée qui nous renvoie l’image de notreimpuissance à la pénétrer. Cette expérience privilégie le versant imaginaire de l’idéologieexprimé sous la forme d’une opposition binaire et amplifie le trait de la mélancolie enajoutant au versant de la tristesse celui de l’intensité.Si l’on veut dès lors confronter les formes de conscience aux conditions de production del’existence sociale dans la configuration socio-historique du capitalisme tardif, laquelleefface les limites entre les deux registres, la reconfiguration tant du mode de productionque de l’idéologie s’avère nécessaire. Les travaux de Fredric Jameson allant dans ce sensopèrent un renouvellement important de l’herméneutique marxisteThis dissertation examines the contribution of Marxist critique of ideology in understandingthe contemporary world in the face of a double paradox that characterizes our era. Thisparadox consists, on one hand, in the proclamation of the end of ideology, and on the other inthe rise of political powerlessness that nurtures new forms of melancholy.If the problematization of the relationship between forms of consciousness and the conditionsof production of social existence has helped to understand the world of capitalist modernity asa field of struggle and transformation, the changes capitalism is undergoing confronts marxistcritique of ideology with its limits.The totalization of capital relations cancels the conceptual distinctions that have hithertofunctioned as markers for the mapping of the social whole, and generates a new experience ofreality; the world takes the form of a flat and glazed surface that reflects the picture of ourinability to penetrate, to fathom it. This experience favours the imaginary aspect of ideologythat is expressed in the form of binary oppositions while, at the same time, accentuates theaspect of melancholy by adding intensity to sadness.Consequently, if one wants to juxtapose forms of consciousness and the conditions ofproduction of social existence within the socio-historical setting of late capitalism that blursthe limits between them, it is necessary to reconsider both the mode of production andideology. Along that line, the work of Fredric Jameson marks an important renewal of Marxisthermeneutics. The mode of production can henceforth also be considered in terms of theproduction of signs and representations that constantly remodel the lived experience of thedominant mode of production. Ideology is not only limited to its imaginary aspect asexpressed by the binary oppositions, but appears also in the form of symbolic acts throughwhich the subjects become part of collective structures, social synchrony, as well as historicaldiachrony
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Scaliter, Bret Logan. "Demystifying "On the Jewish question": A rhetorical and linguistic analysis of Karl Marx's essay." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1995. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1101.
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Sipley, Tristan Hardy 1980. "Second nature: Literature, capital and the built environment, 1848--1938." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/10911.
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x, 255 p. A print copy of this thesis is available through the UO Libraries. Search the library catalog for the location and call number.This dissertation examines transatlantic, and especially American, literary responses to urban and industrial change from the 1840s through the 1930s. It combines cultural materialist theory with environmental history in order to investigate the interrelationship of literature, economy, and biophysical systems. In lieu of a traditional ecocritical focus on wilderness preservation and the accompanying literary mode of nature writing, I bring attention to reforms of the "built environment" and to the related category of social problem fiction, including narratives of documentary realism, urban naturalism, and politically-oriented utopianism. The novels and short stories of Charles Dickens, Herman Melville, Rebecca Harding Davis, Charlotte Perkins Gilman, Upton Sinclair, and Mike Gold offer an alternative history of environmental writing, one that foregrounds the interaction between nature and labor. Through a strategy of "literal reading" I connect the representation of particular environments in the work of these authors to the historical situation of actual spaces, including the western Massachusetts forest of Melville's "Tartarus of Maids," the Virginia factory town of Davis's Iron Mills, the Midwestern hinterland of Sinclair's The Jungle, and the New York City ghetto of Gold's Jews without Money. Even as these texts foreground the class basis of environmental hazard, they simultaneously display an ambivalence toward the physical world, wavering between pastoral celebrations and gothic vilifications of nature, and condemning ecological destruction even as they naturalize the very socio-economic forces responsible for such calamity. Following Raymond Williams, I argue that these contradictory treatments of nature have a basis in the historical relationship between capitalist society and the material world. Fiction struggles to contain or resolve its implication in the very culture that destroys the land base it celebrates. Thus, the formal fissures and the anxious eruptions of nature in fiction relate dialectically to the contradictory position of the ecosystem itself within the regime of industrial capital. However, for all of this ambivalence, transatlantic social reform fiction of the late-nineteenth and early-twentieth century provides a model for an environmentally-oriented critical realist aesthetic, an aesthetic that retains suspicion toward representational transparency, and yet simultaneously asserts the didactic, ethical, and political functions of literature.
Committee in charge: William Rossi, Chairperson, English; Henry Wonham, Member, English; Enrique Lima, Member, English; Louise Westling, Member, English; John Foster, Outside Member, Sociology
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Herrell, Jasmyn. "Colonialism and Globalism in Two Contemporary Southern Appalachian Novels - Serena (2008) by Ron Rash, and Flight Behavior (2012) by Barbara Kingsolver." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2020. https://dc.etsu.edu/honors/573.
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In this essay, I investigate how the historic and current economic structures operating in Appalachia from the 1920s to the 2010s are represented in two contemporary Southern Appalachian novels – Serena (2008) by Ron Rash and Flight Behavior (2012) by Barbara Kingsolver. Through the lens of postcolonial theory, I show how Serena represents Appalachia as functioning under the colonial model outlined by Robert Blauner and Helen Mathews Lewis in 1978. Then, still under the theory of postcolonialism, I explore how Kingsolver’s work depicts regional identity in response to a post-colonial environment and the ever-expanding global economy.
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Alvandi, Nazanin. "Literary Theory in Upper Secondary School : Should It Be Used Before Higher Education?" Thesis, Högskolan i Jönköping, Högskolan för lärande och kommunikation, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-44612.
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This essay examines the use of literary theory when teaching literature before higher education. The objective isto see how and if the integration of literary theory facilitates students’ engagement with and understanding of literature. The study is conducted with the qualitative method of interviews. Four teachers, certified for upper secondary school, were deemed appropriate to interview about their current use of literary theory, as well as their attitudes towards an increased use of literary theory. Besides the data collected through interviews, this study finds its theoretical foundation in the literary theories feminist, Marxist and postcolonial theory as well as in the Swedish curriculum for English at upper secondary level. Presently, the teachers do not use literary theory distinctly; however, they do consider the use of literary theory together with literature to be beneficial for the students’ understanding of literature and the world around them. Teachers stated that while some students only will grasp the idea of the theories, other students will be able to use and apply them. The curriculum supports the use of literary theory in the core values for students of upper secondary level.
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Bower, Matthew S. "Catastrophe in Permanence: Benjamin's Natural History of Environmental Crisis." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2017. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc984263/.
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Walter Benjamin warned in 1940 of a certain inconspicuous threat to political thinking, not least of all to materialism, that takes progress as an historical norm. Implicit in this conception is what he describes as an empty continuum of time along which the prevailing tradition chronicles its own mythic development and drains everyday life of genuine historical experience. The myth of progressive history advances insidiously today in consumeristic and technocratic attempts at reconciling cultural imagery with organic nature. In this dissertation, I pursue the contradictions of such images as they crystallize around the natural history of twenty-first century commodity society, where promises of ecological remediation, sustainable urban development, and climate change mitigation have yet to introduce a true crisis of historical experience to the ongoing environmental crisis of capitalism. A more radical way of seeing the cultural representation of nature would, I argue, penetrate its mythic determination by market forces and bear witness to the natural-historical ruins and traces that constitute, in Benjamin's terms, a single "catastrophe" where others perceive historical continuity. I argue that Benjamin's critique of progress is instructive to interpreting those utopian dreams, ablaze in consumer life and technological fantasy, that recent decades of growing environmental concern have channeled into the recovery of an experience of the natural world. His dialectics of nature and alienated history confront the wish-image of organic abundance with the transience of its appropriated expression in the commodity-form. Drawing together this confrontation with a varied literature on collective memory, nature, and the city, I suggest that our poverty of experience is more than simply a technical, economic, or even ecological problem, but rather follows from the commodification of history itself. The goal of this work is to reflect upon the potentiality of communal politics that subsist not in rushing headlong into a progressive future but, as Benjamin urges, in reaching for the emergency brake on the runaway train of progress.
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González, Andrés Emil. "Horror Without End: Narratives of Fear Under Modern Capitalism." Oberlin College Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=oberlin1525201674240955.
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"A Marxist critique of D.B.Z. Ntuli's short stories." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/12635.
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Yu-shiow, Chen Cheng, and 陳鄭玉秀. "Politics, Society, and History in Marxist Literary Criticism: A Jamesonian Reading of Howards End." Thesis, 2001. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/21111711223992280856.
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博士淡江大學
西洋語文研究所
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Abstract This dissertation is based on one idea: literature is the direct presentation and guidance of history. Most literary theories in the twentieth century cannot intensively connect literature and history; however; Marxist literary theory, which has developed for nearly one hundred years, shows its superiority in this aspect. From Marx and Engels, through Lukács and Goldmann, to Macherey, we see the basic points in Marxist historical interpretation: the political and the social. From these two angles, Marxist literary theory has been continuously subsuming other Western literary theories for attempting to evaluate the significance in literature and literary texts. Nevertheless, we have to point out that the realm of historical interpretation cannot be contained in Marxist literary theory. In addition, the political and the social are not the whole content of literature. Therefore, it is necessary to find a different historical interpretation for reconsidering and criticizing the shortcomings of Marxist historical view and finally tries to bring forward a new historical interpretation to present the essence of literature. This is the historical interpretation from the national and cultural points of view (This also shows the turn of Western historical interpretation, emphasizing post-colonial topics nowadays). This is the process and goal of this dissertation. The author’s focus of discussing the advantage and disadvantage in Marxist theory is on the contemporary Marxist, Jameson’s, theory of “the political, the social, and the historical,” the three concentric framework, and its applied analysis of Howards End, a typical modernist text. There is also Jameson’s later discussion on this text, and the evaluation on his discussion. In Jameson’s “The Political Unconscious,” he establishes the theory of concentric framework. We can see here his persistence in Marxism and his aspiration for other Western literary theories. These two inclinations form both richness and contradictions in his theory. On the other hand, the practical criticism by this theory on Forster, a modernist very early writing about national, gender, and cultural conflicts, and his work is for the general test of Jameson’s Marxist framework. After the criticism on Howards End in Chapter 3, we will clearly point out Jameson’s flaws, his later turn of historical interpretation, and the significance presenting the limits of Marxist theory by this “turn.” Then, this dissertation will focus on the radical commentary, from cultural and national vision, on Marxist and Jameson’s structure of historical interpretation. The author of this dissertation therefore raises an important question: Can Marxist theory solve the contemporary problem of history and literature? Will it keep the propriety for its own existence? In Conclusion, the author will finally provide the readers interested in this question with a proper answer and a brand new concentric framework for the concept of historical interpretation.
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Sandwith, Corinne. "Culture in the public sphere : recovering a tradition of radical cultural-political debate in South Africa, 1938-1960." Thesis, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/2734.
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This thesis is concerned with the negotiation of cultural and literary matters in South African public life during the period 1938 to 1960. While I begin with an exploration of the more 'orthodox' or 'academic' traditions of literary-cultural discussion in South Africa, the far more urgent preoccupation has been to explore a hitherto undocumented tradition of cultural-political debate in the South African public sphere, one which arose in the ' counter-public' circles of oppositional South African political groups. What has emerged is a rich and heterogeneous public debate about literature and culture in South Africa which has so far gone unrecorded and unrecognised. What sets this 'minority' discussion apart from more mainstream cultural discourses, I argue, is its overt engagement with contemporary socio-political issues. Articulated mainly by 'subaltern' writer-intellectuals - who occupied a precarious position in the social order either by virtue of their racial classification, class position or political affiliation - this is a cultural debate which offers a forthright critique of existing race and class norms. In these traditions, literary-cultural discussion becomes a vehicle for the articulation of radical political views and a means whereby marginalised individuals and groups can engage in oppositional public debate. In this regard, I argue, literary-cultural debate becomes a means of engaging in the kind of public political participation which is not available in the ' legitimate' public sphere. Focusing in the first instance on literary criticism 'proper', this thesis considers the distinctive reading strategies, hermeneutic practices, and evaluative frameworks which mark these alternative South African discursive traditions . Here I argue that the political, content-oriented, historical and ideological emphases of an alternative South African tradition are in marked contrast to the formalist, abstracted and moralising tendencies of more normative approaches. What the thesis points to is not only the existence of a substantial body of anti-colonial criticism and response in South Africa from the mid-1930s onwards, but also to a vigorous tradition of Marxist literary criticism in South Africa, one which predates the arrival of Marxist approaches in South African universities by some thirty years. Aside from the more traditional critical arena of literary consumption and evaluation, the thesis also considers a more general public discussion, one in which questions such as the place of politics in art, the social function of literature/culture, and the complex 'postcolonial' questions of cultural allegiance, identity and exclusion are debated at length. In this regard, culture becomes one of the primary sites of a much broader contestation of ruling class power. Regarded by many in these traditions as intrinsic to the operations of class and colonial oppression, culture also figures as one ofthe primary nodes of resistance. In seeking out these marginal South African 'subaltern counterpublics', the project has sought to retrieve a history of radical cultural-political debate in South Africa which is not available as part of the existing literary-cultural archive. In this regard, I hope not only to keep these ideas ' afloat' as a way of complicating and interrogating the present, but also seek to provide a more accurate and inclusive sense of the South African public sphere during the period under review. In particular, I offer a sense of the many competing intellectual discourses which formed the broader intellectual context out of which the dominant English Studies model was eventually constellated. I also give attention to the complex social processes by means of which certain intellectual discourses are granted legitimacy and permanence while others are discarded: what emerges in this regard, as I suggest, is gradual 'outlawing' of politics from South African cultural debates which coincides with the rise of the apartheid state.Thesis (Ph.D.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, 2005.
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Kiambi, Julius Kithinji. "Postcolonial redaction of socio-economic parables in Luke's gospel and a Kenyan application." Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/1207.
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For those who have the courage to doubt, it can be said that the Bible which is highly regarded in Africa is not only an innocent book but also a guilty one because of the many social, political and religious evils that have bedevilled Africa from time to time and which it has condoned and has been used to sanction. Using postcolonial biblical criticism, and as a way of demonstrating that the entire Bible is another text of the empire, this thesis argues that imperial ideology promoted in Luke's socio-economic parables has contributed to another social evil i.e. the gap between the rich and the poor in Kenya.Thesis (M.Th.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2008.
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Vekony-Harper, Delia. "What defines a good work of art within the contemporary art word? theories, practices and institutions." Diss., 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/4047.
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The dissertation explores how quality-judgments on works of art are created within the contemporary art world. The research starts with the examination of modernist art theories supported by the museum, and continues with the exploration of the impact of the art market on quality-judgments. Although the art market had already distorted the idea of quality, further contradictions and difficulties have risen within judgment-making after the 1960s due to the dematerialisation of the work of art. Art criticism should have been able to deal with this complexity, but it is demonstrated that art criticism is a subjective field and even if there is a universal theory on quality, it often fails when applied to the particular work of art. Throughout the dissertation it is demonstrated that although ‘good art’ is a subjective, power- and discourse-dependent concept, all art professionals seek something that is an inherent quality of the artwork. However, regardless of the existence of such inherent value, judgments on quality are constructed by and subjected to power-struggle.Art History, Visual Arts & Musicology
M.A. (Art History)
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Saministrado, Maria Luisa S. "Female victimhood and suicide in the naturalistic novel." Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.13/1059825.
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Research Doctorate - Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)This literary study explores the female condition in four naturalistic novels, namely, Stephen Crane’s Maggie: A Girl of the Street, Edith Wharton’s The House of Mirth, Kate Chopin’s The Awakening, and Gustave Flaubert’s Madame Bovary. The purpose is to reconsider the context of “woman” in this genre by extending from dialectical views with positive and negative connotations towards a reimagining of the “female” with some degree of agency despite claims of “determined conditions” in naturalism. The study’s examination of the heroine’s interplay with “forces” in society illustrates that as exemplified in my chosen novels, these “forces” do not demonstrate total control of an individual’s fate. In exploring the female condition in the novels, the study goes through three steps: namely, examining the condition of the female protagonist in society, analysing the relation between suicide and the role of free will, and investigating the role of the spiritual dimension within the frame of Gaudium et Spes for issues raised in the novels. In relation to the female condition, the study incorporates important issues on female disempowerment and displacement namely, commodification, conspicuous consumption, consumerism, and rugged individualism culled from Marxist-Feminist criticism, Foucault’s and Beauvoir’s concepts on power or free will, and discourses on spirituality within the frame of Gaudium et Spes to clarify issues on marriage, family, human dignity, and self-preservation raised in the novels. It is found that the female protagonist’s non-conformism and defiance of societal “forces” are expressions of willpower that compromises self-preservation and continuity. Despite the socio-cultural disadvantages experienced by the female protagonist, her tragic fate is the result of her choice that suggests a clamour for spiritual regeneration. Her misdirected passions and quest for individuality and self-fulfilment imply a need for something more, which links to the spiritual dimension of her nature. Spirituality within the tradition of Gaudium et Spes highlights the good of the human person with the acknowledgment of divine will, the same aspiration (with emphasis on social awareness) that naturalism conveys for humanity, with its lens however on individual will. Hence, the criticism on naturalism’s reductionist treatment of the non-physical and intense focus on the physical social realities actually point to the same aspiration that Gaudium et Spes projects – the betterment of the human condition and humanity as a whole.
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Harley, Anne. "'Unlearning' hegemony : an exploration of the applicability of Alain Badiou's theory of the event to informal learning through an examination of the life histories of South African social movement activists." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/9318.
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This thesis argues that it is both necessary and possible to change the world. Changing the
world requires engaging with, to try to understand it from the basis of lived reality, and then
acting. Our ability to do this is, however, affected by hegemony, which attempts to convince
us that the way things are is either normal and natural and the only possible way they could
be, or that it is impossible to change them. Nevertheless, there is always resistance to this,
and I suggest that we might learn something useful by examining how this happens.
The thesis thus explores Gramsci’s theory of hegemony, and its applicability to our current
world; and also considers resistance to this. I argue that the nature of capitalism has shifted,
and discuss how this shift has impacted on hegemony, identifying three current interlocking
hegemonic ideologies. I consider current resistance to this hegemony, including the role of
social movements. Much resistance, and many social movements, I argued, cannot properly
be called counter-hegemonic in that, although it/they may critique the dominant economic
system, it/they remain trapped within hegemonic logic. However, it is clear that there is
existing truly counter-hegemonic resistance, including some social movements, and I argue
that Abahlali baseMjondolo is one such counter-hegemonic movement. Thus it is possible
that those who join/align themselves with this movement might be considered to have
‘unlearned’ hegemony and be useful subjects for this study. I thus consider the life stories of
seven people who have aligned themselves to this movement, in order to determine whether
they have indeed ‘unlearned’ hegemony, and if so, how.
I discuss relevant and appropriate theory for examining this phenomenon, including
experiential learning, transformative learning and Freirean emancipatory learning. I argue
that whilst these theories of learning are helpful, they cannot entirely account for unlearning.
I then turn to the theory of the event of Alain Badiou as a possible complementary or
alternative way into thinking about unlearning. I apply both the learning theories and
Badiou’s theory of the event to the stories, all of which show strong evidence of unlearning,,
and consider how useful the theories are in understanding this.
I conclude that all of the theories help to some extent in understanding the unlearning in
stories. There are, however, fundamental differences between the learning theories on the one
hand and Badiou’s theory on the other. I construct a model showing that the basis of the
difference between the adult learning theories and Badiou’s theory of the event rests on the
locus of the trigger for transformation. I argue that Badiou’s theory provides a very useful
additional perspective to adult learning theory; but that it cannot be considered to have
replaced existing theories in understanding how people learn informally to think and act in
counter-hegemonic ways.Thesis (Ph.D.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2012.
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Raselekoane, Nanga Raymond. "African language literature : towards a multiple reading-approach." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/3948.
Full textAbstract:
This research is premised on Armstrong's (1990:7) argument that „every interpretive approach reveals something only by disguising something else, which a competing method with a different assumption might disclose.‟ This statement indicates that preference or marginalisation of some literary theories impedes progress in African-language literary criticism because different literary theories tend to focus on one or a few selected aspects of a work art. This flows from the assumption that no literary theory can unearth all aspects and meanings of a literary text.
This research comes against rigidity, conservatism and narrow-mindedness of those literary critics and scholars who refuse to open up and embrace literary theories which they are opposed to. The research is an attempt to demonstrate the benefit of flexibility and ability to accommodate even those opposing literary views that can make positive contribution in the field of African-language literary criticism. The research further calls for pragmatism, tolerance and co-existence of opposing literary views for the benefit of progress in the field of African-language literary criticism. This research is an acknowledgement of the fact that no literary theory is infallible because all literary theories have their own strong and weak points.
In this research, a survey of literary approaches commonly applied in African-language criticism is conducted. This is followed by an analysis of a Tshivenḓa novel (i.e. A si ene) from different literary angles to prove that every literary theory can help to unmask a particular meaning of a literary text which no any other literary theory can do. For example, the intrinsic literary approaches will, most certainly, unlock the meaning of a literary text differently from the way the extrinsic literary theories do because diverse literary approaches focus on different aspects or elements of a work of art. This research is an endorsement of the argument that through multiple-reading of a literary text, readers‟ understanding of the same literary text is broadened and deepened.African Languages
D. Litt. et Phil (African Languages)
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Lunga, Majahana John Chonsi. "A critical analysis of Wole Soyinka as a dramatist, with special reference to his engagement in contemporary issues." Diss., 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/17262.
Full textAbstract:
This dissertation is mainly on Wole Soyinka as a dramatist. It aims to show that
Soyinka, far from being an irrelevant artist as some of his fiercest critics have
alleged, is a deeply committed writer whose works are characterised by a strong
sense of concern with basic human values of right and wrong, good and evil.
Furthermore, the dissertation shows that although Soyinka is not an admirer of
Marxist aesthetics, he is certainly not in the art-for-art's-sake camp either,
I
because he is fully aware of the utilitarian value of literature. Soyinka's works are
much influenced by his social and historical background, and the dissertation shows
that Soyinka's socio-political awareness pervades all these works, although it will
be seen that in the later plays there is a sharpened political awareness. Although
largely concerned with his own country's issues, Soyinka also emerges as a keen
observer of humanity universallyEnglish Studies
M.A. (English)
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Huang, Chien Chih, and 黃建智. "The Criticism of Popper’s Scientific View——Starting with Popper’s Criticism of Marx’s Historical Materialism." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/92202609632929103619.
Full text
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Stokes, Tonja LaFaye. "Informing practice and sabotaging membership growth: an ideological rhetorical analysis of discursive materials from Kiwanis International." Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1805/7982.
Full textAbstract:
Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)This study utilizes an ideological rhetorical analysis, applying Marxist and Feminist lenses, to artifacts from Kiwanis International, a prominent global service organization. These artifacts are: "The Permanent Objects of Kiwanis," guiding principles that were codified in 1924; "The Man Who Was God": a brief story about transforming from Kiwanis member to "Kiwanian," published in 1935 and 1985, respectively; and the 2012 "Join the Club" Membership Brochure. The rhetoric of discursive materials is one of the most salient representations of group ideology. In turn, ideology, particularly when it reflects and perpetuates social hegemony, has a normalizing effect on itself. Ideology shapes identity; identity shapes strategies to set process norms that create social cohesion. Norms of social cohesion become culture; culture reinforces ideology. When these components mirror social hegemony and replicate hegemonic power, they create institutions, like service organizations; these institutions then legitimate and normalize positions of social privilege. Ultimately, ideology and social hegemony reveal themselves through organizational and member practices and organizationally-produced discursive material. The purpose of this study is to analyze the historical, socio-political, and socio-cultural roots of Kiwanis International in order to draw logical conclusions about the organization's ideology for the purposes of understanding how that ideology contributes to, justifies, and perpetuates an unconscious, neo-colonial view of philanthropy. Kiwanis International, on an organizational (macro) level and at the club/member (micro) level, is structured around positions of racial, ethnic, socio-economic, linguistic, gender, and religious privilege, and so mimics the hegemonic power centers and dominant ideologies of society at large. In turn, the products and practices of the organization reflect these positions of privilege and inhibits the organization's ability to attract traditionally excluded, disenfranchised, or under-represented groups. Understanding that it is a contentious and futile to simply point where power relations exist and assert themselves, this study emphasizes where "othering" occurs in hopes of mitigating relations of domination and oppression between Kiwanis members and perspective members, and of moving forward the interests of those who have not traditionally been counted among Kiwanis' members but whose presence could save the organization.