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1

Supiano, Rebecca E. "She's a Rebel: Exploring Mary Magdalene Through History." Miami University Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=muhonors1145911804.

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Owen, Rachel. "Mary of Magdala the evolution of an image /." unrestricted, 2007. http://etd.gsu.edu/theses/available/etd-04172007-205028/.

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Thesis (M.A.)--Georgia State University, 2007.
Title from file title page. Louis A Ruprecht, Jr., committee chair; Kathryn McClymond, Timothy Renick, committee members. Electronic text (115 p. : ill., maps) : digital, PDF file. Description based on contents viewed Dec. 5, 2007. Includes bibliographical references (p. 112-115).
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Morrow, Bethany. "Eve, the Virgin, and the Magdalene women and redemption in the early church /." Diss., Connect to the thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10066/1416.

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4

Lepistö, Lotta. "Maria Magdalena i hagiopics : En filmanalytisk studie av Maria Magdalenagestalten." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för idé- och samhällsstudier, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-108490.

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The essay is an exploration of how the character Mary Magdalene is portrayed in a selection of four bible films, so called hagiopics. The purpose of this essay is to compare the films with each other and to study if the portraying of her distinguishes in a comparison. Is there variations of her character in the four films and if that´s the case, how has it been expressed.  The films in this study extend over a period of almost 80 years (1927-2004). Do the films differ in a historical comparison by how they portrait her? This is a film analytic, qualitative, comparing study in the science of religion. The results show that the portraying of Mary Magdalene differs in some ways in a comparison but the overall picture of her remains the same. She is portrayed either as a prostitute or a former prostitute who asks Jesus for forgiveness and finds salvation. The results shows that the way she has been portrayed in the popular culture have given her a roll that doesn´t exist in the Gospels. It seems as if it has become normative to portray her in a one dimensional way in the popular culture. The results show that the picture of her as a former prostitute in hagiopics seems to have become consolidated.
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Lambert-Monteleon, Michelle. "Heavenly Venus Mary Magdalene in Renaissance Noli Me Tangere images /." [Tampa, Fla.] : University of South Florida, 2004. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/SFE0000365.

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6

Jones, Rachel. "Mary Magdalene as counter-heroine : late Middle English hagiography and social order." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2014. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/58135/.

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This thesis, which examines episodes from Middle English Magdalene hagiography, argues that Magdalene is represented there as a counter-heroine. It concentrates on the vita in Mirk’s Festial (ca. 1380s); the 1438 Gilte Legende; and Bokenham’s Legendys of Hooly Wummen (completed by 1447). The study contends that Magdalene challenges a variety of hegemonic and patriarchal structures, though her unruliness is typically suppressed by the hagiographers. Chapter one provides context and outlines key terms which run throughout the thesis:subversion, containment and consolidation. The first part foregrounds the thesis’s argument and methodology; the second part introduces the Mary Magdalene cultural narrative; the third situates the thesis in terms of work in related fields. The second chapter interrogates the earliest chronological unit in Magdalene’s medieval biography: the account of her sin and repentance. It argues that Magdalene’s penance represents a moment of containment in the legend. The chapter suggests that the texts, when read as a group, depict Magdalene as choosing to surrender her social, sexual and economic freedoms. At a moment marked by anxieties about changing social roles, the hagiographies endorse a conservative model of social order. Chapter three examines the episodes depicting the Resurrection and Magdalene’s preaching activities in Marseilles. This chapter argues that although Peter’s spiritual authority is emphasized in the post-Resurrection narrative, the subversive potential found in earlier representations of Magdalene’s first witness is never fully erased. It argues, further, that representations of Magdalene preaching allow for readings which align the texts with more heterodox discourses about, for instance, women priests. Chapter four focuses on the scenes describing Magdalene’s years in the wilderness and nightly visitations to a wealthy prince and princess. Whereas chapters two and three argue that the protagonist challenges hegemonic structures in the fields of sexual politics and theology, this chapter argues that the avaricious prince scene presents Magdalene in her littleknown role as a figure of social criticism. The conclusion reiterates the central argument: that medieval hagiography represents Magdalene as an unruly female figure, but that her counter-heroism is frequently contained by structures of her narrative.
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LaSorella, Kathleen S. "Women in the New Testament lesson plan for high school students /." Chicago, IL : Catholic Theological Union at Chicago, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2986/tren.033-0858.

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8

Asbo, Kayleen Elizabeth. "Passion and paradox| The myths of Mary Magdalene in music, art and culture." Thesis, Pacifica Graduate Institute, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3734016.

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Throughout the centuries, Mary Magdalene has occupied a unique position within the religious history of the West as the woman who has carried the collective Shadow of Christianity. In every epoch, Mary Magdalene stands at the crossroads of cultural tension and psychological paradox, holding countless images, projections and societal concerns, inspiring millions of acts of devotion and masterworks of art and music.

This dissertation explores the mythology of Mary Magdalene from her earliest appearances as the faithful witness, disciple and apostle in the New Testament and apocryphal gospels through her later legends as a prostitute, contemplative hermit, princess and priestess, with particular attention paid to artistic and musical portrayals. I suggest that the emerging composite portrait of the 21st century is a healing image of wholeness that integrates all four aspects of the female psyche articulated by Toni Wolff (the Hetaira, Mother, Medial and Amazon) and that Mary Magdalene points the way to a reclamation of the sacred feminine and a reinvigoration of spiritual life.

Magdalene as an icon and mirror of cultural transformation is evident in recent contemporary classical music works, particularly in Mark Adamo's opera The Gospel of Mary Magdalene. My experiences as resident mythologist for the San Francisco Opera during the world premiere of this work form the basis for my observations of the enormous transformational impact of images and stories of Mary Magdalene drawn from the apocryphal gospels and Gnostic tradition. Magdalene as woman who embodies anthropos, or full humanity, has become a catalyzing bridge for individual personal development and communities of diverse scholars and seekers.

This dissertation culminates with a multimedia dramatic production inspired by Medieval mystery plays. The Passion of Mary Magdalene interweaves Taize chants, instrumental music of Estonian composer Arvo Part, traditional Christian hymns and my original compositions with a text drawn from both the Canonical Gospel and the Gospel of Mary and includes images taken from pilgrimages to Mary Magdalene sites in France.

Key words: Magdalene- Christian spirituality- Gnostic-Sacred Feminine- Toni Wolff- Carl Jung

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9

Marjanen, Antti. "The woman Jesus loved : Mary Magdalene in the Nag Hammadi Library and related documents /." Leiden ; New York ; Köln : E. J. Brill, 1996. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb36968550v.

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10

Geschwind, Rachel L. "MAGDALENE IMAGERY AND PROSTITUTION REFORM IN EARLY MODERN VENICE AND ROME, 1500-1700." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1302019358.

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Berrigan, Karen Elizabeth. "Woman, why weepest thou?, the influence of Mary Magdalene on The book of Margery Kempe." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape9/PQDD_0016/MQ49314.pdf.

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Perez, Alyssa. "Margaret of Cortona, the second Mary Magdalene a model for the sexual female rendered sexless /." Diss., Connect to the thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10066/1018.

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Moriya, Tatiana Kiyomi [UNESP]. "O evangelho de Maria e a participação feminina nas comunidades gnósticas cristãs do II século." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/93310.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Com a descoberta dos escritos gnósticos, popularmente conhecidos como biblioteca de Nag Hammadi, os estudos do cristianismo primitivo encontraram uma nova fonte de informações, e principalmente, de idéias. A concepção de um cristianismo homogêneo no séc. II acabou sendo ultrapassada, tendo em vista a diversidade de pensamento que o gnosticismo cristão traz em si. Formas diversas de se vivenciar a fé cristã foram encontradas em tais escritos, como é o caso do evangelho de Maria, que leva o nome de uma figura enigmática do movimento cristão, Maria Madalena. O presente trabalho procura verificar os elementos que constituem esta nova forma de se viver a práxis cristã, inclusive com a possível participação feminina. O papel social da mulher no cristianismo traz em si uma história de lutas e silêncios, vivência e exclusão. Com o auxilio do movimento feminista e seus desdobramentos nas ciências humanas, nos estudos de gênero e na teologia feminista por exemplos, procura-se reconstruir esta história, trazendo à superfície as vivências de mulheres cristãs no caminho para a realização de sua fé.
With the discover of the Nag Hammadi´s library and the gnostics writings, the Early Christianity studies had found a new information source, and specially, of ideas. The conception of a monolithic christianity in the second century, has been overpassed, in face of the variety of thoughts that the christian gnosticism brings on itself. Different ways of living the christian faith, has been found on this writings, like the gospel of Mary, who takes the name of a enigmatic character of Eartly Christian moviment, Mary Magdalene. This work intents to verify the constitucional elements of this new way of living the christian praxis, including the possibility of feminine actuation. The social role of women on christianity, brings on itself a history of silences and contests, exclusion and participation. With the assistance of the feminist moviment and it´s development on the human sciences, gender studies and feminist theology, we search to reconstruct this history, bringing to the surface, the christian women´s experiences on their path to the achievement of their faith.
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Fedele, Anna. "Mary Magdalene, Menstrual Blood and Mother Earth : an anthropology of spiritual feminist pilgrimages in contemporary France and Catalonia." Paris, EHESS, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008EHES0605.

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Durant les vingt dernières années, un nombre croissant de pèlerins qui ne se considèrent pas être des catholiques ont pourtant visité des sanctuaires catholiques en France, mais pour y effectuer leurs propres rituels. Il s’agit de sanctuaires dédiés à Sainte Marie Madeleine ou bien d’églises où l’on vénère des statues de la Vierge à la peau sombre que les pèlerins appellent « Vierges Noires ». Ces derniers visitent ces endroits pour bénéficier de leurs « énergies » et pour entrer en contact avec ce qu’ils appellent le « Sacré Féminin » (Sacred Feminine). Cette étude se pose comme objectif de décrire les croyances et les pratiques rituelles de ce genre de pèlerinage et de les situer dans le contexte des mouvements de la spiritualité féministe et du néo-chamanisme de Grande Bretagne et des Etats-Unis d’Amérique. Elle nous permet aussi d’observer la manière avec laquelle ces mouvements s’introduisent lentement dans des pays où la religion catholique est prépondérante comme en Italie ou en Espagne
During the last twenty years an increasing number of pilgrims who do not identitfy themselves as practicing Christians have visited Catholic pilgrimage shrines in france dedicated to saint Mary Magdalene or that house dark Madonna statues in order to benefit from these places' "energy" and the power of the "sacred Feminine". This study seeks to situate the beliefs and ritual practices of these pilgrims in the wider context of feminist spirituality and neo-shamanism in the United States and in Great britain and to describe the way in which spiritual feminist and neo-shamanic concepts are slowly finding their way into predominantly Catholic copuntries like Italy and Spain
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15

Winter, Leslie J. "Body, Identity, and Narrative in Titian's Paintings." Wittenberg University Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wuhonors1399284506.

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16

Villamar, Luisa. "A program of consciousness-raising of women in the Philadelphia Church in Ecuador based on the doctrine of the universal priesthood of the believers." Online full text .pdf document, available to Fuller patrons only, 2001. http://www.tren.com.

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17

Johnson, Debra Elaine. "Glory B 2 God." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2008. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/art_design_theses/28.

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The purpose of this thesis paper is to investigate womanist theology and method, along with restoration practices involving spirituality and healing within the context of the visual arts. The thesis exhibition will attempt to create new visual possibilities that inform womanist theological scholarship in terms of promoting contemporary female religious imagery within a metaphorical language. While womanist theology is steeped in interdisciplinary practices, it has yet to consider seriously the studio arts as a means to explore and develop the womanist language. This study will investigate how essential and natural the visual arts assist our understanding of spirituality, especially through a womanist context.
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18

Moriya, Tatiana Kiyomi. "O evangelho de Maria e a participação feminina nas comunidades gnósticas cristãs do II século /." Assis : [s.n.], 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/93310.

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Orientador: Ivan Esperança Rocha
Banca: José Adriano Filho
Banca: Andrea Lúcia Dorini de Oliveira Carvalho
Resumo: Com a descoberta dos escritos gnósticos, popularmente conhecidos como biblioteca de Nag Hammadi, os estudos do cristianismo primitivo encontraram uma nova fonte de informações, e principalmente, de idéias. A concepção de um cristianismo homogêneo no séc. II acabou sendo ultrapassada, tendo em vista a diversidade de pensamento que o gnosticismo cristão traz em si. Formas diversas de se vivenciar a fé cristã foram encontradas em tais escritos, como é o caso do evangelho de Maria, que leva o nome de uma figura enigmática do movimento cristão, Maria Madalena. O presente trabalho procura verificar os elementos que constituem esta nova forma de se viver a práxis cristã, inclusive com a possível participação feminina. O papel social da mulher no cristianismo traz em si uma história de lutas e silêncios, vivência e exclusão. Com o auxilio do movimento feminista e seus desdobramentos nas ciências humanas, nos estudos de gênero e na teologia feminista por exemplos, procura-se reconstruir esta história, trazendo à superfície as vivências de mulheres cristãs no caminho para a realização de sua fé.
Abstract: With the discover of the Nag Hammadi's library and the gnostics writings, the Early Christianity studies had found a new information source, and specially, of ideas. The conception of a monolithic christianity in the second century, has been overpassed, in face of the variety of thoughts that the christian gnosticism brings on itself. Different ways of living the christian faith, has been found on this writings, like the gospel of Mary, who takes the name of a enigmatic character of Eartly Christian moviment, Mary Magdalene. This work intents to verify the constitucional elements of this new way of living the christian praxis, including the possibility of feminine actuation. The social role of women on christianity, brings on itself a history of silences and contests, exclusion and participation. With the assistance of the feminist moviment and it's development on the human sciences, gender studies and feminist theology, we search to reconstruct this history, bringing to the surface, the christian women's experiences on their path to the achievement of their faith.
Mestre
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Östlund, Markus. "Prostituerad, apostel, äktenskapsbryterska : En studie om hur Maria från Magdala gestaltats i tre moderna filmer med anspråk på att ha de bibliska berättelserna som utgångspunkt." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för idé- och samhällsstudier, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-144994.

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Silva, Wellington de Assis. "Entre Jesus e Barrabás: as representações de Maria Madalena em Saramago e em Torero e Pimenta." Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, 2013. http://tede.mackenzie.br/jspui/handle/tede/2179.

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The novels The Gospel According to Jesus Christ by José Saramago and The Gospel of Barrabas by Jose Roberto Torero and Marcus Aurelius Pimenta dialogue with the biblical text as a parody of the canonical gospels. The present study aims at analyzing the characters Mary of Magdala and Mary Magdalene, respectively, in order to check how close they are and at the same time how different they are from the figure of Magdalene from the Holy Bible as well as what differences and similarities exist between them. In order to achieve this objective, this study considers the studies of Comparative Literature, more precisely, Bakhtin s Dialogic Theory. Moreover, it enters into issues of multiple identities and gender in order to verify in what sense male and female coexist and complement each other and how the displacement of identities helps to construct the subject, regarding the self-consciousness which the characters give to one another through the contact with the other.
Os romances O Evangelho segundo Jesus Cristo, de José Saramago e O Evangelho de Barrabás, de José Roberto Torero e Marcus Aurelius Pimenta travam um diálogo com o texto bíblico, sendo paródia dos evangelhos canônicos. O presente estudo visa analisar as personagens Maria de Magdala e Maria Magdalena, respectivamente, almejando verificar em que sentido elas se aproximam e, ao mesmo tempo, se distanciam da figura da Madalena bíblica e o que há de semelhante e diferente entre elas. Para tal, parte dos estudos de Literatura Comparada, mais precisamente, da teoria do dialogismo bakhtiniano. Ademais, adentra em questões de identidades múltiplas e de gênero para verificar em que sentido o masculino e o feminino convivem e se complementam e de como o deslocamento das identidades auxilia no processo de construção do sujeito, no que tange à autoconsciência que as personagens dão umas às outras através do contato com o outro.
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Silva, Francisca Rosa da. "MARIA MADALENA E AS MULHERES NO CRISTIANISMO PRIMITIVO." Universidade Metodista de São Paulo, 2008. http://tede.metodista.br/jspui/handle/tede/490.

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The objective of this study is to research women s leadership in the primitive Christianity, starting from the figure of Mary Magdalene in Jo 20,1-18. The exegetic, view as well as research on women s situation in the first century, show: a) Women that followed Jesus were part of the disciples group, and Mary Magdalene had strong influence among them in the community; b) she accompanied Jesus since the beginning of his ministry in Galilee, and her leadership and authority in primitive Christianity conferred her the disciple status c) the Pericope that is studied has as a fundamental concept the conflict of leaderships among three traditions: John s, the Peter s and Mary Magdalene s. Comparing the Pericopes of John with certain Gnostic writings, its noticeable that in these writings Mary Magdalene s leadership is manifested with stronger intensity, and the conflict with Peter is more accentuated. She is considered the Master of the disciples. The research not only rescues the leader figure of Christianity, but also shows, via the exegesis, the process of the cooptation of women s leadership.(AU)
O objetivo deste trabalho é pesquisar a liderança das mulheres no cristianismo primitivo, a partir da figura de Maria Madalena em Jo 20,1-18. A abordagem exegética, bem como a pesquisa sobre a situação das mulheres no primeiro século, aponta: a) as mulheres que seguiam a Jesus faziam parte do grupo dos discípulos, e Maria Madalena tinha uma grande influência entre eles na comunidade; b) ela acompanhou Jesus desde o início do seu ministério na Galiléia, e a sua liderança e autoridade no cristianismo primitivo lhe confere o status de discípula; c) a perícope estudada tem como contexto um conflito de lideranças entre três tradições: a joanina, a petrina e a de Maria Madalena. Comparando a perícope joanina com alguns escritos gnósticos percebemos que nesses escritos, a liderança de Maria Madalena é manifestada com maior intensidade e o conflito com Pedro é mais acentuado. Ela é considerada Mestra dos discípulos. A pesquisa não só resgata a figura de uma líder do cristianismo, como também mostra, na exegese, o processo de cooptação da liderança feminina.(AU)
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Kryscynski, Kristina Gayle Heiss. "'Seek the Eyes of Mary': A Widow and a Virgin's Illuminating Invitation." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2020. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/8416.

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A deep visual analysis of Ludovico Carracci’s 1588 Madonna and Child, Angels, and Saints Francis, Dominic, Mary Magdalene and the Donor Cecilia Bargellini Boncompagni with an emphasis on the role of the patron, the significance of the locality, and the visual semiotics of the Virgin Mary’s gaze in prompting conversion in the repentant prostitutes of the Carmelite convertite convent associated with Ss. Filippo and Giacomo in Bologna, Italy. Including a commentary on contemporary social expectations of modest behavior and the painting’s deliberate incorporation of inappropriate female behavior towards a religious purpose. A discussion of uniquely Carmelite iconography, the use of Ignatian mental prayer in convents, and self-determination in imagery by a Bolognese aristocratic woman.
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Ogden, Alan R., and F. Lee. "Dental health and disease." Council for British Archaeology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/4707.

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Dawson, Rebecca. "AND STARRING JESUS AS HIMSELF: CULTURAL CONTEXT AND THE IMAGES OF CHRIST IN NORTH AMERICAN FILM." Bowling Green, Ohio : Bowling Green State University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=bgsu1178209057.

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Benedict, Mark Russell. "The Ministry of Passion and Meditation: Robert Southwell's Marie Magdalens Funeral Teares and the Adaptation of Continental Influences." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2010. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/english_theses/79.

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In his most popular prose work, Mary Magdalens Funeral Teares (1591), English Jesuit Robert Southwell adapts the Mary Magdalene tradition by incorporating the meditative practices of St. Ignatius Loyola coupled with the Petrarchan language of poetry. Thus, he creates a prose work that ministered to Catholic souls, appealed to Protestant audiences, and initiated the literature of tears in England. Southwell readapts the traditional image of Mary Magdalene for a Catholic Early Modern audience by utilizing the techniques of Jesuit meditation, which later flourished in the weeper texts of Richard Crashaw and George Herbert. His vividly imagined scenes also employ the Petrarchan and Ovidian language of longing and absence and coincide with both traditional and mystic early church writers such as Bernard and Augustine. Through this combination, Southwell’s Marie Magdalens Funeral Teares resonated with Catholics deprived of both ministry and the presence of Christ in the Eucharist. These contributions solidify Southwell’s place as a pivotal figure in the religious and literary contexts of Early Modern England.
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Rondou, Katherine. "Le thème de sainte Marie-Madeleine dans la littérature d'expression française, en France et en Belgique, de 1814 à nos jours." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210807.

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Le présent travail enrichit la thématologie à un double niveau, à la fois par une réflexion méthodologique sur les différents modes de manifestation du thème, et par une meilleure connaissance d'un "mythe" littéraire précis, celui de sainte Marie-Madeleine, dont la vitalité ne laisse aucun doute, tant dans la fréquence de l'utilisation du personnage depuis deux mille ans, que dans l'originalité des interprétations, malgré d'inévitables redites et banalités.

Sur la base d'une analyse minutieuse des différentes composantes du thème magdaléen dans la littérature franco-belge d'expression française après 1814, et des incarnations féminines qui s'en dégagent, cette thèse définit les contours du visage de la Madeleine de ces deux derniers siècles, et démontre la raison fondamentale de la permanence de la figure évangélique à travers les siècles :sa rencontre immédiate, et constante, avec le motif de la Femme dans la civilisation judéo-chrétienne.
Doctorat en philosophie et lettres, Orientation langue et littérature
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

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Khalifa-Chocha, Hélène. "Deux figures féminines du Ier siècle en Judée : Hélène d'Adiabène et Marie-Madeleine - Étude comparée." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2025. http://www.theses.fr/2025SORUL005.

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Le travail de recherche doctorale dans lequel je me suis engagée traite de l'histoire, au Ier siècle de notre ère, au Nord de la Mésopotamie et en Judée, de la conversion au judaïsme de la reine Hélène d'Adiabène, vue par trois différentes sources : Flavius Josèphe, historien juif romain contemporain de cette reine, la littérature rabbinique, et les découvertes archéologiques. La conversion de la reine d'Adiabène fut l’« une des plus éclatantes de cette première moitié du Ier siècle ».Une reine Hélène apparaît dans la version « Helena » des Toledot Yeshu, manuscrits médiévaux anonymes relatant une histoire de Jésus différente de celle des Évangiles. Dans les Evangiles, la femme témoin de la mort de Jésus, la première à attester de sa résurrection, est Marie-Madeleine, tandis que dans les Toledot Yeshu version "Helena", c'est la reine Hélène. Dans cette autre vie de Jésus, elle constate sa mort, mais pas sa résurrection. Comment peut-on l'interpréter ? L'héroïne féminine, témoin capital privilégié de la mort et/ou témoin unique de la résurrection de Jésus, diffère dans les deux histoires. Qui est cette reine Hélène à laquelle ces manuscrits se réfèrent ? Le cheminement et la démonstration menant à la conclusion fort probable que la reine Hélène mentionnée dans les Toledot Yeshu n'est autre que la reine Hélène d'Adiabène, convertie au judaïsme, ainsi que son fils Izatès II et toute la maison royale d'Adiabène, écartant toute éventualité d'une autre reine Hélène, comme l'Impératrice Helena Augusta, mère de l'Empereur Constantin Ier, ayant œuvré à la propagation du Christianisme, sont présentés dans la Thèse que je rédige dans le cadre de ma recherche. La mise en parallèle des deux femmes icônes, Hélène d'Adiabène et Marie-Madeleine, est motivée par leurs importantes similitudes, des « caractéristiques uniques, singulières », décrites tant par Flavius Josèphe et la littérature rabbinique pour Hélène d'Adiabène, que par les Évangiles pour Marie-Madeleine, et pourtant leur étant communes sur divers plans (physique, personnalité, actions, épisodes de la vie, nom). Trop d'analogies les rapprochent, jusqu'à devenir quasiment des répliques, d'autant plus que toutes deux vécurent à la même période, durant le ministère de Jésus au Ier siècle de notre ère, et dans la même ville, Jérusalem. Marie-Madeleine est une figure féminine marquante du christianisme. Les quatre Évangiles la mentionnent assistant à la mise en croix de Jésus. Dans les trois Évangiles synoptiques, elle assiste également à la mise au tombeau. Devenue disciple de Jésus, elle le suivit jusqu'à sa mort. Dans l'Évangile de Jean, datant au plus tôt de l'an 90-95 de notre ère, Marie-Madeleine est le premier témoin de la résurrection, désignée ainsi comme « L'Apôtre des Apôtres ». Cependant, elle est un personnage dont la position et le rôle auprès de Jésus sont encore flous et mal définis dans le christianisme. Ni son identité réelle, ni la manière dont elle est impliquée dans la vie de Jésus n'ont encore été tranchées définitivement, après de longs siècles de recherche et d'interrogations par des hommes d'Églises et des chercheurs. De ces faits se dégage une problématique. Pourquoi les sources chrétiennes n'ont-elles pas pu s'accorder sur l'identité de Marie-Madeleine ? Pourquoi a-t-elle plusieurs histoires ? Ce manque d'homogénéité au cœur même des Évangiles quant à la vie de Marie-Madeleine et à l'unicité ou non des trois Marie (Marie-Madeleine ou Marie de Magdala, Marie de Béthanie, et la pécheresse mentionnée dans l'Évangile selon Luc), pose problème. Mais là où le chercheur reste pantois, c'est au vu des nombreuses similitudes entre les deux figures, Hélène d'Adiabène et Marie-Madeleine, les faisant se confondre, se superposer. Peut-on penser que la figure de Marie-Madeleine s'est construite, telle une réminiscence, sur celle de la reine Hélène d'Adiabène ? Par un jeu de miroir, Marie de Magdala aurait été créée à partir d' Hélène d'Adiabène
The doctoral research work I am involved in, is based on that undertaken during my Master's Thesis at the Sorbonne in France, which dealt with the story of the conversion to Judaism of Queen Helena of Adiabene, who lived in the first century AD, in northern Mesopotamia and in Judea, as related by three different sources: Flavius Josephus, a Jewish historian who lived at the same time as this queen, rabbinical literature and archaeological discoveries. The conversion of the queen and her family was "one of the most remarkable in the first half of the first century".Toledot Yeshu are anonymous manuscripts written in the Middle Ages, according to the opinion of most of the Searchers, and which tell a different story than the one we know in the Gospels about the life of Jesus. In the "Helena" version of Toledot Yeshu, the most common one, Jesus talks to a queen, her name is Helene. She testifies to the death of Jesus and that he was not resurrected.Toledot Yeshu are a counter-story to the Gospels. In the Gospels, the woman who testifies to Jesus's death and to his resurrection is Mary Magdalene.How can we explain that the only witness female who is by Jesus's side at the time of his death, is different in the two stories about his life, in the Gospels and in the Toledot Yeshu? In my research work, I bring arguments aiming to prove that the queen Helena we are talking about in the Toledot Yeshu, is not other than the Queen Helena of Adiabene, who lived in Jerusalem in the first half of the first century, at the time of Jesus. In the second phase of my thesis, I highlight the connection between the heroine of the Christian Gospels, Mary Magdalene, and the heroine of Toledot Yeshu, the Christian Gospels' counter-story, i.e. Queen Helena (of Adiabene).When we compare the two iconic figures of Judaism and Christianity, we discover many important similarities and analogies between them: "singular and unique characteristics", which they have in common in different fields (physical, personality, actions, life episodes, name).Too many analogies, which cannot be the result of mere chance, bring the two women together and confuse them. Queen Helena was known in her time because she helped the needy and was devout in the new religion she had chosen to convert to, Judaism.The rabbis saw in Queen Helena an example, a model of conversion and devotion. The Hellenists and the Romans appreciated the worship and the cult of heroes, even from the countries they conquered, turning them into gods. From these facts, a question arises: can we think that the image of Mary Magdalene as known in the Gospels, was built on the one of Queen Helena of Adiabene, turning Queen Helena of Adiabene's story into Mary Magdalene's myth?
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Lott, Stefanie B. "Mary Magdalen, Franciscan ideal : a theological analysis of the frescoes in the Magdalen Chapel in the Basilica of St Francis of Assisi." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/13378.

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In the small town of Assisi in Italy, there is a chapel dedicated to Mary Magdalen. This well known figure from the New Testament Gospels is an anomaly. To many she is the prostitute turned disciple: to others she is a key witness to the resurrection. The frescoes show this Magdalen, but they also show her in strange scenes not found in the Bible. The Gospels tell us that Mary Magdalen was with Jesus in his ministry, at the crucifixion and at the resurrection. Early church fathers picked up on this and linked her with other unnamed women in the Gospels to develop an ideal model of discipleship. From there, legends developed this conflated Magdalen into the embodiment of chastity, penitence and devotion. As such, she became the focus of one of the greatest cult followings of the Middle Ages and her relics where at the heart of the fourth most visited pilgrimage site in Christendom. In the thirteenth century, a young man, Francis of Assisi helped to revolutionise and revive the life of the Church by his personal example of poverty, benevolence and pure devotion; virtues embodied by the Magdalen. It is then understandable that a chapel dedicated to her should be found in the basilica built to honour Francis. However, the reasons behind the chapel's existence and location also have a great deal to do with the power and influence of the secular (Angevin) and religious establishment of the time as well as the controversies burgeoning within the Franciscan Order including the roles of second order women and the influence of the two factions of Franciscanism, Spirituals and Conventuals. Finally, it must not be forgotten that the Magdalen chapel, a means of theological and political dogma, was also a very tangible and real visual sermon to the masses of pilgrims who flocked to visit the shrine of Francis. This project is an attempt to uncover the identity of the woman in and the meaning of the Magdalen Chapel in the Lower Church of the Basilica of St Francis in Assisi.
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Spreadbury, Joanna Mary. "Gloriosa Praedicatrix : the origins, development and influence of the medieval legends about Saint Mary Magdalen as preacher and apostle." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2001. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/gloriosa-praedicatrix--the-origins-development-and-influence-of-the-medieval-legends-about-saint-mary-magdalen-as-preacher-and-apostle(57fd30ce-759b-42b4-b474-f73fad2377cf).html.

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30

Taccone, Raphaelle. "Marie-Madeleine en Occident : les dynamiques de la sainteté dans la Bourgogne des IXème-XVème siècles." Phd thesis, Université d'Avignon, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00871277.

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Le culte de sainte Marie-Madeleine, élaboré dès le second quart du XIème siècle au monastère de Vézelay, sous l'abbatiat de Geoffroi, est unanimement célébré par les foules de fidèles et inspire la sainte plèbe de Dieu sur le chemin du repentir. Particulièrement fécond et consacrant Vézelay, ville gardienne du tombeau de la sainte pénitente des Evangiles comme un haut-lieu de pèlerinage, le culte périclite et plonge dans une situation bipolaire dès le quatrième quart du XIIIème siècle suite à la découverte supposée du véritable corps de la Madeleine à Saint-Maximin en Provence. Beaucoup d'auteurs envisagent le déclin du pèlerinage bourguignon or, il est plus juste d'observer une contraction régionale. En effet, la persistance des témoignages dévotionnels au sein de son berceau primitif et l'implication progressive de la famille ducale de Bourgogne dans la promotion du culte vézelien concourent très largement à une relecture du culte de la sainte.D'une politique monastique, primitivement élaborée par les moines de Vézelay,à une politique princière, s'affirmant pleinement avec l'avènement de la dynastie des Valois, le culte vézelien de la Madeleine est constamment perçu comme une gloire de la Bourgogne. Des sources écrites aux sources liturgiques,à travers le foisonnement des indices dévotionnels en son honneur (reliques,sanctuaires, autels,...) et un corpus iconographique bourguignon la mettant en scène, en regard de l'implication des chanoines de Saint-Maximin et des comtes de Provence - fervent soutien du culte provençal de la Madeleine, les destinées du culte magdalénien, d'une échelle régionale à un ensemble plus grand englobant l'Occident chrétien, méritaient ainsi d'être redéfinies par une approche critique
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Gauthier-Bottet, Martine. "Les soeurs Madeleine ou Les lavoirs de la honte : historique, esthétique et éthique." Thesis, Saint-Etienne, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010STET2143.

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A partir du XIXe siècle, la fondation du Bon Pasteur est créée par Mère Marie-Euphrasie. La mission spécifique decet ordre est de s'occuper de la population dans la misère et tout particulièrement des femmes et des enfants, afin desoulager leur détresse, de leur apporter du soutien et de les encourager à se réinsérer dans la société. Au Royaume-Uni les institutions du Bon Pasteur prennent le nom de couvents Madeleine, se référant ainsi à la figure biblique de Marie-Madeleine pécheresse repentie qui devient une fidèle du Christ. La vocation de ces établissements Madeleine est d'accueillir les prostituées et les mères célibataires. Ils se spécialisent rapidement dans le travail de blanchisserie, tâche éminemment symbolique car ces femmes doivent avant tout se laver de leurs péchés. Sous le règne de Victoria la morale puritaine se durcit, la figure de Madeleine incarne désormais «la catin», la femme de «mauvaise vie». Trois décrets sont alors promulgués afin de freiner l'extension de la prostitution et des maladies sexuellement transmissibles. Ce n'est que dans les années 1990 que des voix s'élèvent pour dénoncer les abus et les maltraitances commis dans certaines de ces institutions, voix bientôt relayées et amplifiées par plusieurs œuvres cinématographiques, en particulier par le film de Peter Mullan The Magdalena Sisters. Ce travail vise à comprendre pourquoi de tels faits se sont produits, à étudier le rôle des médias dans le processus de dénonciation et dans quelle mesure nous pouvons considérer qu'ils contribuent à faire l'Histoire
The Foundation of the Good Shepherd was set up by Mother Marie-Euphrasie in the XIX!h century. The specificmission of the order was to take care of the poor, and particularly of women and children, to ease their distress, givethem support and encourage them to make their way back into society. ln the UK, the Good Shepherd institutes were known as Magdalen Asylums, for the biblical figure of Mary Magdalene, a repentant sinner who became a disciple of Christ; the vocation of these Magdalen institutions was to shelter prostitutes and single mothers. They quickly came to specialise in laundry work- a symbolic task, as these women had above all to wash away their sins. During the reign of Queen Victoria, puritanism became more severe, and the figure of Mary Magdalena came to embody the "whore", the "fallen" woman. Three Acts of Parliament were passed to curb the expansion of prostitution and venereal diseases. Il was only in the late 1990s that voices were raised to denounce the abuse and ill-treatment committed in some of these institutions, voices that were soon picked up and amplified in a number of films, and in particular Peter Mullan's The Magdalena Sisters. The aim of this study is to understand why such things happened, and to study the role played by the media in the process of their exposure and to what extent they can be said to make History
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Bullough, Kathryn Mary. "Temptress, virgin and whore : icons of sexuality - a comparative investigation of the religious significance of the figures Eve, the Virgin Mary and Mary Magdalen in the work of Dante Gabriel Rossetti, Edward Burne-Jones and George Frederick Watts." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.369551.

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Banda, Rogers Hansini. "A missiological assessment of ethnicity in urban Anglican churches in Zambia :|ba case study of the establishment and growth of St Mary Magdalene's Church, Kabulonga /R.H. Banda." Thesis, North-West University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/9494.

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This research examines present day urban Anglican churches in Zambia which are ethnically “homogeneous” in a heavily multi-ethnic environment. I give Attention to the understanding of the biblical, theological, and missiological background and seek to find a way to attract many ethnic groups into the churches. The research notes that the present scenario does not represent a healthy urban church. I argue that a biblical, theological and holistic Gospel proclamation, that is, in word and deeds, will attract other ethnic groups into the urban church and make it truly multi-ethnic and multi-cultural.
Thesis (MA (Missiology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013.
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Pretzschner, Maria. "Sanctae modernae in diebus nostris?" Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2018. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-232683.

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Sanctae modernae in diebus nostris? - Hagiographische Konzeptionen weiblicher vita religiosa im Umfeld der Mendikanten Die Dissertationsschrift ergründet die Entwürfe weiblicher Heiligkeit im Umfeld der Bettelorden. Die Frauenviten der Mendikanten boten sich für eine vergleichende Untersuchung an, da sie eine hagiographische Neuheit darstellten, insofern ein Großteil der verehrten Frauen Laien waren. In Anbetracht dessen, dass die Mendikanten einen erheblichen Beitrag zur Moralisierung der mittelalterlichen Gesellschaft und zur Verbreitung kirchlicher Ordnungs- und Normierungskonzepte geleistet haben, wurde ich von der Frage geleitet, ob sich mit den Bettelorden die Funktion der Hagiographie gewandelt hat, so dass sie stärker als zuvor zur sittlichen Besserung der Gläubigen eingesetzt wurde. Die Untersuchung der weiblichen Heiligenviten der Mendikanten hat gezeigt, dass die Aussageabsichten der Texte jeweils andere waren und die Schriften, um mit Gert Melville (Geltungsgeschichten) zu sprechen, sehr „differente Funktionen der Legitimierung, der Konsolidierung, der Integration und Abgrenzung“ einnahmen, was zu recht unterschiedlichen „Ausgestaltungen der für relevant angesehenen Vergangenheitspartien“ geführt hat. Um die Texte dennoch vergleichen zu können, habe ich sie in Gruppen unterteilt, entsprechend ihrer im Text dominierenden Funktionsweise : ♦ Viten in denen die paränetische Funktion im Vordergrund steht ♦ Viten in denen die Rechtfertigung einer bestimmten Lebensweise im Vordergrund steht ♦ Viten mit prestigestiftender Funktion ♦ Multifunktionale Viten Für die weitere Forschung ist es ratsam, sich nur einem dieser Typen zuzuwenden. Für die Betrachtung der paränetischen Viten wäre ein Vergleich mit der entsprechenden Predigtliteratur deutlich aufschlussreicher. Der Dominikaner Thomas von Cantimpré, der sich mit jedem Satz seiner Werke als Seelsorger zu erkennen gibt, gehört zu den am besten untersuchten Hagiographen heiliger Frauen. Bislang galten seine Werke als typische Beispiele mendikantischer Vitenschreibung. Dies war auch der Grund, dass die Dissertationsschrift mit ihm bzw. dem in seinem Umfeld wirkenden Jakob von Vitry einsetzt. Die vergleichende Untersuchung aller weiblichen Heiligenviten zeigt, dass Thomas im 13. Jahrhundert noch eine Ausnahmeerscheinung war, da die Werke in denen die Paränese im Vordergrund steht, nur einen Teil der hagiographischen Lebensbeschreibungen betrifft. Fazit: Auch im Zeitalter der Bettelorden erfüllte die Textsorte vor allem klassische Funktionen, indem sie in erster Linie der Andacht und Heilsvergewisserung diente, darüber hinaus jedoch auch ganz pragmatische Absichten verfolgte. Dynastische Interessen trugen ebenso wie innerklösterliche Probleme, kirchliche Anordnungen (Klausurierung weiblicher Religioser, Verurteilung der häretischen Spiritualen), ordensinterne Bestimmungen (beispielsweise solche, die regelten, wie mit der cura monialium zu verfahren sei) oder wichtige politische Ereignisse (die Auseinandersetzungen zwischen Guelfen und Ghibellinen in Florenz) zur Entstehung der Schriften bei. In Hinblick auf die bedeutende Rolle die das Papsttum, einzelne Dynastien, Kommunen oder Klöster bei der Abfassung einer Vita gespielt haben, glaube ich, dass es sich bei den jeweiligen Heiligkeitkonzeptionen mehr um zeittypische oder auch regionale Phänomene (Modeerscheinungen) den originär mendikantische Heiligkeitskonzeptionen handelt. Die in den Heiligenviten präsentierten Leitideen sowie die Art der Darstellung richteten sich vor allem nach der Funktion der Texte bzw. danach für wen (welche Rezipienten) die Werke bestimmt waren. So ist der laikale Rezipientenkreis der Grund dafür, dass sich die meisten Elisabethviten durch eine leicht verständliche Ausdrucksweise und ein klares Heiligenbild auszeichnen. Wohingegen die Werke des Thomas von Cantimpré, der sich als Novizenmeister zunächst an seine eigenen Mitbrüder richtet, einem komplexen Aufbau folgen und kunstvoll stilisiert sind. Einfluss auf die Gestaltung der Schriften hatten außerdem die sehr unterschiedlichen biographischen Hintergründe der Hagiographen. Denn der hochrangige Ordensvertreter und Vertraute der Kurie betätigte sich ebenso als Vitenautor (Jakob von Vitry und Konrad von Marburg waren Kreuzzugsprediger, Konrad überdies Inquisitor, Thomas von Cantimpré war Lektor, Thomas von Celano war der erste offizielle Ordenschronist des Franziskanerordens, Dietrich von Apolda war der Hagiograph des heiligen Dominikus) wie der politisch unbedeutende Bruder, den nicht sein Orden, sondern die persönliche intensive Beziehung zur Beichttochter zum Schreiben trieb. Neben dem unterschiedlichen Bildungsgrad der Autoren wirkten sich außerdem die starken regionalen Unterschiede auf die Qualität der Texte aus. So hatte das Verfassen von Heiligenviten in Brabant eine lange Tradition, während es in Ungarn etwas völlig Neues war. Auch regionale Besonderheiten hatten Einfluss auf die thematische Aufbereitung der Schriften. So kam dem Bußgedanken wie auch der Seelenrettung aus dem Fegefeuer in den brabanter Schriften besondere Bedeutung zu, was auf die regionale Nähe zur Pariser Universität zurückzuführen ist, an der damals genau jene Themen diskutiert wurden. Als weiteres Ergebnis der Untersuchung ist somit festzuhalten, dass die in den Frauenviten der Bettelorden aufgezeigten Leitideen mehr über die Rezipienten und Autoren aussagen, als über die Heiligen, die sie beschreiben. Dieser Befund widerlegt die in der Frauen- und Mentalitätsforschung gängige These, wonach die Frauenviten typisch weibliche Frömmigkeitsformen darstellen. Für die Beurteilung der Texte ist es vielmehr entscheidend, ob sie für ein laikales, monastisches oder klerikales Publikum verfasst wurden.
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Arnold, Margaret Lois. "Mary Magdalene in the era of Reformation." Thesis, 2014. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/15409.

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Scholarly surveys of the medieval Magdalene tend to conclude at the opening of the sixteenth century, dismissing any role she may have had in the teaching of Protestant reformers. Protestant and Catholic attitudes towards sanctity and sainthood have been the object of scholarly work, but my dissertation is the first comparative examination of the different confessions' uses of the Magdalene tradition through the early modern period. Mary Magdalene was of one of several scriptural women to whom Protestants in Germany, France, Switzerland, and England referred in debating the legitimacy of female and lay preaching. Lutheran and Reformed pastors, Anabaptists, and Quakers all adapted the medieval Magdalene tradition to advance Evangelical theologies of the forgiveness of sins, the sacraments, and the priesthood of all believers. Early modern women also seized on these possibilities, claiming for themselves the Magdalene's title as preacher and devoted disciple of the Word. The Catholic cult of the Magdalene shifted as well, serving the needs of the Catholic Reformation. In reaction to the Protestant specter of lay and female preaching, male authors in their sermons and devotional work set aside earlier descriptions of the Magdalene as "apostle to the apostles" and emphasized instead her identity as a penitent prostitute. Catholic women investigated the Magdalene's relation to her sister Martha to develop new images of female sanctity. As the medieval separation between clergy and laity was questioned, reform-minded Christians both Protestant and Catholic explored new understandings of the shape of Christian life. The Magdalene's call to confess the Gospel was a missionary imperative that transcended the boundaries of the ordained clergy. Similarly, the contemplation of Mary's contemplation and the worldly work of her sister Martha could no longer be divided among different groups, but had to be integrated by each individual. Early modern Christians from Luther to Teresa of Avila discussed the terms of this reconciliation, attempting to understand secular work as a vocation, the fruit and expression of contemplation. What have often been taken to be distinct preoccupations of opponents in reform are revealed to have shared a common dialogue, framed by the life of Mary Magdalene.
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Lin, Chiu-Yen, and 林楸燕. "Mary Magdalene and Her Saintly Sisters: Veneration of Mary Magdalene and the Community of Female Saints in Late Medieval East Anglia." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/4ynepg.

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博士
淡江大學
英文學系博士班
104
The thesis examines the representation of Mary Magdalene in saint’s legends, devotional writings, and plays in the area of East Anglia from mid fourteenth century to the early sixteenth century. Three major texts will be discussed in the thesis including Julian of Norwich’s Revelations of Divine Love, Margery Kempe’s Book of Margery Kempe, and the Digby Mary Magdalene. The thesis attempts to re-capsulate a moment in time in which via Mary Magdalene as cultural symbol, religious women could be empowered with a voice, writers and playwrights could explore the boundary of gender roles for women and the ecclesiastics and laity could respond to socio-political issues concerning practices of lay piety at the time. Most important of all, through the representations of Mary Magdalene embedded in the associated community of female saints in East Anglia, we are enabled to observe how St. Mary Magdalene is interrelated with images of other saints worshipped in East Anglia. It is also through the veneration of Mary Magdalene and the community of female saints in East Anglia, we get a glimpse of how saints as the intercessors between heaven and earth are conceived as religious and cultural symbols and how these symbols in the surveyed texts are perceived, appropriated and interpreted by writers, playwrights, readers, and audiences so as to respond to socio-political religious issues in East Anglian communities The thesis is divided into four chapters. Chapter One provides a concise survey of the development of the images of Mary Magdalene from the earliest biblical accounts to a wide dissemination of the legends and literary texts in Europe and in England. Chapter Two explores the representation of the three female saints, Mary Magdalene, Virgin Mary and St. Cecilia, in relation to Julian of Norwich’s positive theology and social milieu of East Anglia during Julian’s lifetime. Chapter Three examines the making of St. Margery Kempe in the Book of Margery Kempe in relation to various kinds of imitatio and the images of female saints. Chapter Four investigates the ways the playwright weaves the biblical image of Mary Magdalene, her life in post-ascension legend and the elements from morality plays to represent a version of Mary Magdalene, who is not only a lady, a hero but also the apostle to the apostles. Lastly, with the survey of the representation of Mary Magdalene and the community of female saints, the thesis argues that parallel with the Chaucerian tradition that emulates the ancient Greco-Romano tradition, there exists a marked trend of literary and religious movement in East Anglian communities, which is attentive to the worship of female saints and from the representations of female saints, they find a ground that enables their voices to participate in discourses on religiosity, society and politics in late medieval England.
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Buhler, Vivian Huang. "Mary and Magdalene Reintegrated Through Sisterhood in a Male-Dominated Goblin Market." Thesis, 2015. https://thesis.library.caltech.edu/10814/1/Vivian%20Huang%20-%20Thesis.pdf.

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In her most celebrated and controversial poem, Goblin Market, Christina Rossetti presents an allegory of her own spiritual journey toward redemption as a woman, a sinner, and a reform worker. Through the stories of three young maidens’ misadventures among the goblin men’s “haunted glen,” Rossetti reveals the unjust Victorian binaries of male versus female, as well as virgin versus prostitute, and proposes an alternative definition of virtue attained through redemption that is accessible to all regardless of gender or social background. Using Jeanie, Lizzie, and Laura as figures for fallen woman, penitent, and sister, Rossetti further recasts the parallel feminine archetypes Eve, Mary, and Mary Magdalene as biblical paradigms of humanity united against the evils of the age, all equally destined for eternal salvation even if patriarchal standards should bar any such woman from an earthly life of honor.
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Cormick, Diana Mary. "The visual portrayal of Mary Magdalene : a case study in feminist ethical issues." Diss., 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/17929.

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Historically, the Roman Catholic Church has used visual imagery as a powerful didactic tool to support and validate the patriarchal structure of the Christian faith. This study focuses on the prevalent visual portrayal of Mary Magdalene as a penitent prostitute. This visual conceptualisation is exposed as an unjust condemnation of a biblical woman whose apostolic calling is validated by the Gospel accounts. A critical examination of the Christian iconography within a representative selection of Mary Magdalene imagery further identifies a bias of condemnation towards women's sexuality. Thus, Mary Magdalene is epitomised as the archetypal immoral woman, and unfavourably contrasted to the chaste purity of the Virgin Mary. The study evaluates the ethical implications of this mis-representation, and proposes, as a corrective to the imbalance, the creative actualisation of positive woman-affirming imagery. · An extended chronological index of Mary Magdalene imagery is appended to the study as Appendix A
M.Th. (Theological Ethics)
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Chalut, Jennifer A. "The Characterization of the Magdalene in the Gospels according to John, Thomas, Philip and Mary." Thesis, 2012. http://spectrum.library.concordia.ca/973751/1/Chalut_MA_S2012.pdf.

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The recent interest in the figure of Mary Magdalene in pop culture has seemingly generated a fascination in studying the Magdalene academically. As a figure who is negatively and often wrongly characterized as a sinner, a prostitute and sexual partner to Jesus, the Magdalene is also a significant literary character who symbolizes the power of the feminine and the feminine right to salvation. Using both diachronic and synchronic methodologies we can begin to understand the power and influence of the Magdalene in both the canonical gospels and other Christian texts at Nag Hammadi. The character of the Magdalene is examined in the Gospels according to John, Thomas, Philip and Mary where her character advances the plot and aids the reader in understanding the theological message of each gospel. Within these selected texts, the relationship that the Magdalene has with Jesus and the competition that exists between Mary and Peter is emphasized. The texts are examined using a gender-critical approach to illustrate the role that gender and sex play in the development, as well as in the reception of the text. Using a combination of diachronic, synchronic as well as a gender-critical approach we are able to understand how the Magdalene highlights the unity in Christ and gives empowerment to female literary characters.
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LIN, HUNG-HSIU, and 林虹秀. "Mary Magdalene in China: Images Trans-written by Alfonso Vagnone in the Late Ming China." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/espx6y.

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博士
輔仁大學
跨文化研究所比較文學博士班
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Translation is an influential tool. As the Jesuits arrived in China in 1583, they translated to teach the Catholic faith to Chinese people. Publications of the Jesuits’ Chinese translation of the Catholic doctrine and hagiographical accounts were available to the Chinese readers in the early seventeenth century. In attending to both the Chinese literati and common people, the Jesuits downplayed traits that were discouraged and promoted those that were valued in Confucian China in their Chinese works. The study concerns the images of Mary Magdalene trans-written by Alfonso Vagnone (1566-1640) in early seventeenth-century China. To study the images of the Magdalene, I focus on the account ‘de sancta Maria Magdalena,’ or SMM in Legenda Aurea, or LA and the first Chinese translation of the account of Mary Magdalene Magdalene, Maliya Madalena shengfu xingshi, or MMSX in Tianzhu shengjiao shengren xingshi 天主聖教聖人行實 (Biographies of Catholic saints), or SRXS hereafter (1629). The purpose of this study is two-fold. The first purpose is to bridge the study of Mary Magdalene in China with the Western Magdalenian scholarship. The second purpose is to contribute to the scholarship of SRXS with the study of MMSX from the perspective of translation. Current scholarship of SRXS suggests that Jacobus de Voragine’s (c. 1230-1298) LA might be the source text of SRXS, however, disparities between SMM and MMSX abound. For one, LA offers models of repentance and deepens the Christian faith for the laity in Catholic Europe whereas SRXS introduces Catholicism and examples of saints to the late-Ming Chinese readers. Furthermore, disparities between Mary Magdalene and her Chinese persona demonstrate the transformation of the images of the Magdalene from her birthplace to the Middle Kingdom. In addition, the differences between MMSX and SMM lead to a discovery of an additional source text Vagnone referred to in compiling SRXS. Lastly, the discussion of Vagnone’s involvement in “translating” and “narrating” MMSX explains how translation rewrites and manipulates the images of the Magdalene in China. Close textual analysis and study of factors that influence the presentation of MMSX and publication of SRXS show that by trans-writing “the original,” Vagnone “rewrote” the images of the Magdalene and created acculturated images of Madalean to the Chinese readership.
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Niebrzydowska, Danuta. "Biblijna Maria Magdalena w dramacie polskim przełomu XIX i XX wieku." Phd thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11320/10996.

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Praca została udostępniona 10 dni przed obroną, włącznie z dniem obrony
Tematyka i pole badawcze niniejszej rozprawy dotyczy motywu Marii Magdaleny w obrębie późnoromantycznego i młodopolskiego dramatu. We wskazanej, w temacie pracy, kategorii „przełomu XIX i XX wieku” sytuuje się nie tylko dramat młodopolski. Równoprawnym jej bohaterem jest również dramat o Marii Magdalenie autorstwa Krystyna Ostrowskiego (ur. 1811), który moglibyśmy nazwać późnoromantycznym (ukazał się w: Dzieła Polskie Krystyna Ostrowskiego. Dramata i komedie. Ulotne jamby – nowe fraszki – dodatek w 1876 roku). W dramacie Ostrowskiego łączą się elementy romantyczne z charakterystycznymi dla drugiej połowy XIX wieku – dokonuje się w nim heterodoksyjna reinterpretacja wątku magdalenicznego. Młodopolską część moich badań wyznaczają analizy tekstów Antoniego Szandlerowskiego, Karola Huberta Rostworowskiego, Kazimierza Przerwy-Tetmajera. Natomiast na drugim biegunie chronologicznym znajdujemy tekst o charakterze dramatycznym autorstwa Józefa Jankowskiego, który pochodzi z roku 1928, lecz swymi korzeniami wyraźnie sięga Młodej Polski i Romantyzmu. „Przełomowość”, jest tu więc kategorią dość szeroką, jednak wszystkie dramaty analizowane w pracy różnią się od dramaturgii mieszczańskiej epoki pozytywizmu. Wszystkie łączy też to, że tytułowa bohaterka zawieszona jest między dominium wartości duchowych a pełną pokus sferą cielesności, zaś autorzy badanych tekstów śmiało eksperymentują nie tyle z formą dramatyczną, ile z możliwościami, jakie daje kreacja głównej bohaterki. Dla moich badań szczególnie ważna, ale też jeszcze być może ryzykowana interpretacyjnie, byłaby kategoria dziewiętnastowieczności, definiowana w pracach między innymi Józefa Bachórza, Aliny Kowalczykowej, Tomasza Sobieraja, Anny Janickiej i Ewy Paczoskiej jako wspólna, dość różnokształtna, ale spojona estetycznie i poprzez wspólnotę doświadczeń historycznych przestrzeń literacka lat 1795 – 1918. W istocie dramaty Ostrowskiego, Szandlerowskiego, a nawet późniejszy utwór Jankowskiego, wykazują niemałe podobieństwa właśnie, jako wytwory formacji XIX-wiecznej pojętej jako pełna całość. Konkluzje ostateczne zamykają rozprawę nad kreacją biblijnej Marii Magdaleny w dramacie polskim przełomu XIX i XX wieku i zarysowują pewne propozycje interpretacyjne. Jedno z pytań badawczych niniejszej rozprawy dotyczyło kwestii: kim jest Maria Magdalena, gdy stoi „u granic”, a kim się staje po ich przekroczeniu. W analizowanych dramatach jej życie przed „przekroczeniem granicy” było grzeszne, przepełnione cielesnością, erosem, ale już życie po „przekroczeniu granicy” staje się wypełnione du-chowością i czystą miłością. Związane jest to z problematyką ciała, sposobem jego przedstawiania, łamaniem stereotypów – wszystkim, co miało szokować odbiorcę i popychać do przekraczania granic estetycznych i moralnych. Z jednej strony zaczęły pojawiać się perwersyjne opisy łączące seksualność z duchowością, a z drugiej strony – koncepcja odkrywania i eksponowania natury człowieka i jego instynktownych zachowań. Szczególnym zainteresowaniem cieszyło się przekonanie o nieodpartej sile namiętności, seksu i erotyzmu. Sam akt erotyczny jest przedstawiany w zupełnie innej tonacji. Nie ma tu mowy o idealistycznym „związku dusz”, lecz mówi się o spotkaniu ciał na tle intensywnych zmysłowych doznań. W obrazie erotyki z drugiej połowy XIX wieku przełomu wieków XIX i XX uwagę przykuwa przede wszystkim wątek miłości niszczącej, fatalnej, będącej przedmiotem badań. Takie ujęcie kobiecości miało wpływ na twórców romantycznych oraz młodopolskich. Bowiem recepcja dramaturgicznej kreacji biblijnej Marii Magdaleny dowodzi, iż zyskała ona „twarz” kobiety fatalnej. Zob. Słownik literatury polskiej XIX wieku, red. J. Bachórz, A. Kowalczykowa, Wrocław – Warszawa – Kraków 1994; A. Janicka, Tradycja i zmiana. Literackie modele dziewiętnastowieczności: pozytywizm i „obrzeża”, Białystok 2015; J. Bachórz, O potrzebie scalenia polskiego wieku XIX; T. Sobieraj, Kulturowy model dziewiętnastowieczności; J. Ławski, Mickiewicz, wspólnota, historia; E. Paczoska, Latarnia czarnoksięska, czyli dziewiętnastowieczność i nowoczesność, „Wiek XIX” R. I. 2008.
The subject and the research theme of this thesis concerns the motif of Mary Magdalene in late romantic and Young Poland drama. As the title of the thesis shows the category of the turn of the 19th and 20th century does not only contain Young Poland drama. Krystyn Ostrowski’s (born 1811) drama about Mary Magdalene can be classified as late romantic and is an equal part of the thesis (It was publishd in 1876 in Dzieła Polskie Krystyna Ostrowskiego. Dramata i komedie. Ulotne jamby – nowe fraszki – dodatek). Ostrowski’s drama joins romantic elements with those from the second half of the 20th century – he reinterprets Mary Magdalene themes with heterodoxy. Young Poland part of my research is focused on the works of Antoni Szandlerowski, Karol Hubert Rostworowski and Kazimierz Przerwa-Tetmajer. The work of Józef Jankowski, from 1928, is on the other side of chronological timeline but it is clearly rooted in Young Poland and Romanticism. The expression ‘at the turn of the century’ is quite a broad category but all of the analyzed dramas differ from bourgeois positivism. All these dramas also present the main character as torn between spiritual values and temptation and lust. The authors experiment not only with drama form but also with the possibilities given by the creations of the main protagonists. The most important definition of ‘nineteenth centuryness’, also considered the most risky one, is the definition present in the works of Józef Bachórz, Alina Kowalczykowa, Tomasz Sobieraj, Anna Janicka and Ewa Paczoska . It is a joint literary space, varied in shape but common for historical experiences from 1795 to 1918. The dramas of Ostrowski, Szandlerowski and even the later work of Jankowski all share many similarities as the works of nineteenth centuryness presented as a wholeness. The conclusions closing the thesis about the creation of biblical Mary Magdalene in Polish drama at the turn of the nineteenth and twentieth century present some proposals for interpretation. One of the research questions was who is Mary Magdalene before she crosses the line and who does she become when she actually does that. In the analyzed dramas her life before crossing the line was filled with eroticism and carnality. But when she crosses the line her life becomes full of spirituality and pure love. These issues were connected with the body image, the way it was presented, the breaking of stereotypes- everything was to shock the recepient and make him cross esthetic and moral boarders. On one hand there were perverse description of sexuality and spirituality and on the other the conception of discovering and showing human nature with its instinct behaviour. The irresistable power of passion sex and eroticism was particularly interesting. The erotic act itself is presented in a different perspective. It is not an idealistic soul relationship but the intense sensual meeting of bodies. Description of eroticism from the second half of the nineteenth century and the turn of nineteenth and twentieth century shows love as a destructive fatal power. Such conceptualization of womanhood influenced romantic and young Poland playwrights. Biblical Mary Magdalene as drama protagonist is perceived as famme fatale. See. Słownik literatury polskiej XIX wieku, red. J. Bachórz, A. Kowalczykowa, Wrocław – Warszawa – Kraków 1994; A. Janicka, Tradycja i zmiana. Literackie modele dziewiętnastowieczności: pozytywizm i „obrzeża”, Białystok 2015; J. Bachórz, O potrzebie scalenia polskiego wieku XIX; T. Sobieraj, Kulturowy model dziewiętna-stowieczności; J. Ławski, Mickiewicz, wspólnota, historia; E. Paczoska, Latarnia czarnoksięska, czyli dziewiętnastowieczność i nowoczesność, „Wiek XIX” R. I. 2008.
Uniwersytet w Białymstoku. Wydział Filologiczny
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Plaatjie, Gloria Kehilwe. "Mary Magdalene in the Gospel of John in the context of readings by Southern African township Christian women." Thesis, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/10351.

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In this study, the reading responses of Township Christian women in Southern Africa to Mary Magdalene in the Gospel of John are explored. The study concludes that Mary Magdalene, in the Gospel of John can empower the lives of these women. This thesis also compares the role of Mary Magdalene in the death rituals of her time and the roles of the Southern African women in the death rituals of their loved ones.
Thesis (M.A.)-University of Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 1997
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Gama, De Cossio Borja. "Can I Be Forgiven? Expressing Conversion through the Eyes of Mary Magdalene: Lope de Vega and Richard Crashaw." 2013. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/theses/1006.

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The present study examines the figure of Mary Magdalene in the poetry of Lope de Vega and Richard Crashaw. I propose that while setting Mary Magdalene as the perfect example to convert, both authors could also express their conversion through the composition of two different poems: “Las Lágrimas de la Magdalena” by Lope de Vega and “Saint Mary Magdalene or, The Weeper” by Richard Crashaw. Each poem is centered on the idea of Mary Magdalene’s copious tears as the performative mark of her repentance which will effect her conversion. These two conversions are placed within two European literary traditions, Spain and England; as well as two different processes: on the one hand, Lope de Vega would go from a licentious life in his early years to becoming a priest at the end of his life, thus, devoting his life to religion. On the other hand, Richard Crashaw’s conversion would take place in between two conflicting religious beliefs, i.e., his transition from Protestantism to Catholicism. The other main goal of this work is studying these poems through the Baroque movement developed at the beginning of the seventeenth century. Hence, Lope de Vega’s poem is full of Baroque characteristics typical of the Spanish conceptism despite his reluctance consider his poetry Baroque. Crashaw, on his side, presents a poem which differs from the literary production in England in the first part of the seventeenth century. His Baroque sensibility would be, accordingly, influenced by his readings of the Spanish Golden Age authors. Therefore, anomaly, exaggeration, tempus fugit, conceptism, contradiction, paradox, and binary oppositions are Baroque characteristics both authors have in common in regard to their own particular description of both Mary Magdalene’s biblical stories and tears. Lastly, both poems will lead us to draw parallels with the Song of Songs in terms of spiritual conversation, and feminine identification.
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"The Moral Sense of Touch: Teaching Tactile Values in Late Medieval England." Doctoral diss., 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.40709.

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abstract: “The Moral Sense of Touch: Teaching Tactile Values in Late Medieval England” investigates the intersections of popular science and religious education in the late fourteenth and fifteenth centuries. Taking an interdisciplinary approach, the project draws together a range of textual artifacts, from scientific manuals to private prayerbooks, to reconstruct the vast network of touch supporting the late medieval moral syllabus. I argue that new scientific understandings of the five senses, and specifically the sense of touch, had a great impact on the processes, procedures, and parlances of vernacular religious instruction in late medieval England. The study is organized around a set of object lessons that realize the materiality of devotional reading practices. Over the course of investigation, I explore how the tactile values reinforcing medieval conceptions of pleasure and pain were cultivated to educate and, in effect, socialize popular reading audiences. Writing techniques and technologies—literary forms, manuscript designs, illustration programs—shaped the reception and user-experience of devotional texts. Focusing on the cultural life of the sense of touch, “The Moral Sense of Touch” provides a new context for a sense based study of historical literatures, one that recovers the centrality of touch in cognitive, aesthetic, and moral discourses.
Dissertation/Thesis
Doctoral Dissertation English 2016
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Huntley, Theresa. "On Gilded Ugliness: Donatello's Penitent Magdalen and Issues of Beauty, Sanctity, and Sexuality in Fifteenth Century Florence." Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1974/1528.

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The sins of the flesh and the mortification of the flesh characterize the biography of the saint known as Mary Magdalen. The polychrome wooden sculpture by Donatello from c.1455 was described by Vasari as: “wasted away by her fastings and abstinence." The extreme emaciation of the figure contrasts with the image of the beautiful and mournful Magdalen frequently seen at the foot of the cross in medieval crucifixion scenes. With virtually no documentation concerning its commission, much of the scholarship on this particular piece focuses on dating and the intended installation site. This thesis aims to examine the relationship between the emaciated style and the manner of polychromy in Donatello’s Penitent Magdalen as an example of the redeeming power of penance. On a figure known for a life of sin and prostitution but also redemption, the gilding juxtaposed with a haggard and ugly body creates a dynamic relationship between sanctity and beauty (or the lack thereof) and demonstrates the effect of penance on the sinner. The extreme emaciation and rough finish of the piece, in tandem with the gilding of the hair, created an effect of light that was significant to the Renaissance understanding of the saint’s character but also to a larger discourse on female sexuality and spirituality. The multifaceted character of Mary Magdalen and Donatello’s depiction of her was understood by Quattrocento Florentines on a variety of levels. Higher social classes would readily grasp the sculpture’s affinity with Petrarchan tropes and philosophical ideas, particularly in terms of light imagery and descriptions of love. But the average viewer would also make more prosaic associations between the figure of the Magdalen and popular preaching and prostitution. Through an examination of the cultural climate of fifteenth century Florence, this investigation will situate Donatello’s uniquely emaciated and gilded sculpture in the visual tradition of Magdalen imagery, motifs of female spirituality in Donatello’s career, the literary tradition of describing female beauty, and societal concerns about prostitution and female sexuality.
Thesis (Master, Art History) -- Queen's University, 2008-09-26 21:24:46.128
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Urbánková, Zuzana. "Úcta a ikonografie sv. Máří Magdalény." Master's thesis, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-310979.

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The Diploma thesis "Devotion and iconography of st. Mary Magdalen" - Two biblical characters have been associated with Mary Magdalene since the time of Gregory the Great; the unnamed sinner and Mary of Bethany. According to the Bible Mary Magdalene was one of the women who accompanied Jesus during His ministry. She was the woman from whom Jesus had cast out seven demons. She washed Jesus' feet with her tears and ointment. When Jesus was crucified she was there standing under the cross. She was present at His funeral. On Easter Sunday she went to the grave of the Lord to anoint His body. She discovered the empty tomb and saw the resurrected Jesus, who appeared to her as a gardener and sent her to announce His Resurrection to His disciples. She is considered "the apostle of the Apostles". According to an old French legend she was put in a boat without sails or oars and sailed to Marseilles, where she preached the gospel. Then she retreated to a cavern. There she lived as a recluse for thirty years. Every day she was lifted by angels up to heaven. She was buried in Saint-Maximin-la-Sainte-Baume. Her main cult centers were the places where her relics had been preserved; Vezelay in Burgundy in the Romanesque period , and Saint-Maximin-la-Sainte-Baumesince since the 13th to 18th century. She is usually...
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Mendiola, Kelly Willis. "The hand of a woman four holiness-pentecostal evangelists and American culture, 1840-1930 /." Thesis, 2002. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p3115502.

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Dyer, Jennifer. "The role of Archaeology in the Jesus industry." Diss., 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/21003.

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The question leading to this study is whether the facts and theories pertaining to the Bible and Jesus Story as presented by The Authors (H Schonfield, D Joyce, B Thiering, M Baigent, R Leigh, H Lincoln; M Starbird, and D Brown) could be verified by the Archaeology evidence. I have adopted a multidiscipline and holistic approach considering information gathered from all media sources to ascertain what theories, if any could replace the traditional Jesus Story of the New Testament. I considered whether the alternative theories or traditional theories were believable due to the evidence presented by Biblical Archaeology or by the techniques used by The Authors in presenting their facts. By using Thouless’ system of Straight and Crooked thinking I was able to ascertain that the theories used in the novels written by The Authors may have been persuasive, but lacked substance.
Biblical and Ancient Studies
M. Th. (Biblical Archaeology)
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Pretzschner, Maria. "Sanctae modernae in diebus nostris?" Doctoral thesis, 2013. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A30762.

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Sanctae modernae in diebus nostris? - Hagiographische Konzeptionen weiblicher vita religiosa im Umfeld der Mendikanten Die Dissertationsschrift ergründet die Entwürfe weiblicher Heiligkeit im Umfeld der Bettelorden. Die Frauenviten der Mendikanten boten sich für eine vergleichende Untersuchung an, da sie eine hagiographische Neuheit darstellten, insofern ein Großteil der verehrten Frauen Laien waren. In Anbetracht dessen, dass die Mendikanten einen erheblichen Beitrag zur Moralisierung der mittelalterlichen Gesellschaft und zur Verbreitung kirchlicher Ordnungs- und Normierungskonzepte geleistet haben, wurde ich von der Frage geleitet, ob sich mit den Bettelorden die Funktion der Hagiographie gewandelt hat, so dass sie stärker als zuvor zur sittlichen Besserung der Gläubigen eingesetzt wurde. Die Untersuchung der weiblichen Heiligenviten der Mendikanten hat gezeigt, dass die Aussageabsichten der Texte jeweils andere waren und die Schriften, um mit Gert Melville (Geltungsgeschichten) zu sprechen, sehr „differente Funktionen der Legitimierung, der Konsolidierung, der Integration und Abgrenzung“ einnahmen, was zu recht unterschiedlichen „Ausgestaltungen der für relevant angesehenen Vergangenheitspartien“ geführt hat. Um die Texte dennoch vergleichen zu können, habe ich sie in Gruppen unterteilt, entsprechend ihrer im Text dominierenden Funktionsweise : ♦ Viten in denen die paränetische Funktion im Vordergrund steht ♦ Viten in denen die Rechtfertigung einer bestimmten Lebensweise im Vordergrund steht ♦ Viten mit prestigestiftender Funktion ♦ Multifunktionale Viten Für die weitere Forschung ist es ratsam, sich nur einem dieser Typen zuzuwenden. Für die Betrachtung der paränetischen Viten wäre ein Vergleich mit der entsprechenden Predigtliteratur deutlich aufschlussreicher. Der Dominikaner Thomas von Cantimpré, der sich mit jedem Satz seiner Werke als Seelsorger zu erkennen gibt, gehört zu den am besten untersuchten Hagiographen heiliger Frauen. Bislang galten seine Werke als typische Beispiele mendikantischer Vitenschreibung. Dies war auch der Grund, dass die Dissertationsschrift mit ihm bzw. dem in seinem Umfeld wirkenden Jakob von Vitry einsetzt. Die vergleichende Untersuchung aller weiblichen Heiligenviten zeigt, dass Thomas im 13. Jahrhundert noch eine Ausnahmeerscheinung war, da die Werke in denen die Paränese im Vordergrund steht, nur einen Teil der hagiographischen Lebensbeschreibungen betrifft. Fazit: Auch im Zeitalter der Bettelorden erfüllte die Textsorte vor allem klassische Funktionen, indem sie in erster Linie der Andacht und Heilsvergewisserung diente, darüber hinaus jedoch auch ganz pragmatische Absichten verfolgte. Dynastische Interessen trugen ebenso wie innerklösterliche Probleme, kirchliche Anordnungen (Klausurierung weiblicher Religioser, Verurteilung der häretischen Spiritualen), ordensinterne Bestimmungen (beispielsweise solche, die regelten, wie mit der cura monialium zu verfahren sei) oder wichtige politische Ereignisse (die Auseinandersetzungen zwischen Guelfen und Ghibellinen in Florenz) zur Entstehung der Schriften bei. In Hinblick auf die bedeutende Rolle die das Papsttum, einzelne Dynastien, Kommunen oder Klöster bei der Abfassung einer Vita gespielt haben, glaube ich, dass es sich bei den jeweiligen Heiligkeitkonzeptionen mehr um zeittypische oder auch regionale Phänomene (Modeerscheinungen) den originär mendikantische Heiligkeitskonzeptionen handelt. Die in den Heiligenviten präsentierten Leitideen sowie die Art der Darstellung richteten sich vor allem nach der Funktion der Texte bzw. danach für wen (welche Rezipienten) die Werke bestimmt waren. So ist der laikale Rezipientenkreis der Grund dafür, dass sich die meisten Elisabethviten durch eine leicht verständliche Ausdrucksweise und ein klares Heiligenbild auszeichnen. Wohingegen die Werke des Thomas von Cantimpré, der sich als Novizenmeister zunächst an seine eigenen Mitbrüder richtet, einem komplexen Aufbau folgen und kunstvoll stilisiert sind. Einfluss auf die Gestaltung der Schriften hatten außerdem die sehr unterschiedlichen biographischen Hintergründe der Hagiographen. Denn der hochrangige Ordensvertreter und Vertraute der Kurie betätigte sich ebenso als Vitenautor (Jakob von Vitry und Konrad von Marburg waren Kreuzzugsprediger, Konrad überdies Inquisitor, Thomas von Cantimpré war Lektor, Thomas von Celano war der erste offizielle Ordenschronist des Franziskanerordens, Dietrich von Apolda war der Hagiograph des heiligen Dominikus) wie der politisch unbedeutende Bruder, den nicht sein Orden, sondern die persönliche intensive Beziehung zur Beichttochter zum Schreiben trieb. Neben dem unterschiedlichen Bildungsgrad der Autoren wirkten sich außerdem die starken regionalen Unterschiede auf die Qualität der Texte aus. So hatte das Verfassen von Heiligenviten in Brabant eine lange Tradition, während es in Ungarn etwas völlig Neues war. Auch regionale Besonderheiten hatten Einfluss auf die thematische Aufbereitung der Schriften. So kam dem Bußgedanken wie auch der Seelenrettung aus dem Fegefeuer in den brabanter Schriften besondere Bedeutung zu, was auf die regionale Nähe zur Pariser Universität zurückzuführen ist, an der damals genau jene Themen diskutiert wurden. Als weiteres Ergebnis der Untersuchung ist somit festzuhalten, dass die in den Frauenviten der Bettelorden aufgezeigten Leitideen mehr über die Rezipienten und Autoren aussagen, als über die Heiligen, die sie beschreiben. Dieser Befund widerlegt die in der Frauen- und Mentalitätsforschung gängige These, wonach die Frauenviten typisch weibliche Frömmigkeitsformen darstellen. Für die Beurteilung der Texte ist es vielmehr entscheidend, ob sie für ein laikales, monastisches oder klerikales Publikum verfasst wurden.:1. Einleitung 7 1.1. Fragestellung und Erkenntnisziel 9 1.2. Die Heiligenviten als Quellen 10 1.3. Der Weg der bisherigen Forschung 12 A In Bezug auf die hagiographischen Quellen 12 B Speziell zu den Frauenviten 15 C Die Frauenviten und die weibliche vita religiosa in der historischen Ordensforschung 20 1.4. Aufbau der Arbeit 23 1.5. Zeitlicher Rahmen der Untersuchung 24 2. Einstieg ins Thema 24 2.1. Heiligkeitskonzeptionen im Wandel der Geschichte 24 2.2. Apokalyptische Zustände in Kirche und Welt und die Hoffnung auf Erneuerung- Der geschichtliche Kontext der Untersuchung Die Herausbildung der Moraltheologie und ihr Einfluss auf die Bußbewegung 27 Die Einbindung der Laien in die Kirchenhierachie – Die Bestätigung der Humiliaten 31 Die Anfänge der Franziskaner und Dominikaner – Zwei unterschiedliche mendikantische Lebensformen 33 Büßer, Beginen und Terziaren – Der Versuch ihrer Regulierung 34 Pastorale Neuerungen – Die Voraussetzungen für die Ausbreitung des Bußideals 36 Das Ziel der Mendikanten – Die Erneuerung von Kirche und Gesellschaft 38 3. Das hagiographische Vokabular: Jakob von Vitry und seine Vita für die Begine Maria von Oignies (1215) 39 3.1. Zum Leben und den Schriften des Jakob von Vitry (um 1160/70 – 1240) 40 3.2. Das Leben der Maria von Oignies (1177-1213) 48 3.3. Aufbau, Inhalt und didaktische Implikationen der Vita Mariae Oigniacensis 49 Sponsa Christi – Imitatio Mariae 50 Maria und Martha – Vita activa versus vita contemplativa 53 Die Büßerin Maria Magdalena als Nachahmungsmodell 54 Die Verehrung der Eucharistie 58 3.4. Die Vita Mariae Oigniacensis – Aufforderung zur Buße, orthodoxe Propagandaschrift gegen die Lehre der Katharer und Exempelsammlung für die Laienpredigt, Zu den Intentionen des Hagiographen 60 4. Die Frauenviten der Dominikaner 64 4.1. Das Supplement zur Vita Mariae Oigniacensis (um 1231): „Das Heil wirkt in Brabant“ – Ein hagiographischer Gegenentwurf zum Kurienhof in Rom des Dominikaners Thomas von Cantimpré 64 4.1.1. Zu Thomas von Cantimpré (um 1201 - um 1270/72) 64 4.1.2. Aufbau, Inhalt und Implikationen des Supplements 67 Die Entwicklung des Kults um Maria von Oignies 69 4.1.3. Das Supplement zur Vita Mariae Oigniacensis – Jakob von Vitry und sein Verrat an der vita apostolica 71 4.2. Eine kuriose Heilige? - Die Vita Christinae Mirabilis (um 1232, geändert 1239-40) 71 4.2.1. Das Leben der Christina von St. Trond (um 1150-1224) und die Entwicklung ihres Heiligenkultes 72 4.2.2. Aufbau, Inhalt und didaktische Implikationen der Vita Christinae Mirabilis 73 Die drei Stadien geistlichen Lebens nach Wilhelm von Saint Thierry 74 Christinas Seele in ihrem animalischen Stadium 75 Die Seele im verstandesmäßigen – rationalen Stadium 77 Die Seele im geistigen – spirituellen Stadium 77 imitatio christi - vita apostolica 78 4.2.3. Buße für die erlösungsbedürftige Menschheit: Die Vita Christinae - Ein didaktisches Instrument zur Vermittlung von Buß- und Fegefeuerlehre oder ein Hilfsmittel für die Laienpredigt? 79 4.3. Die Vita Margaretae Ypris (um 1240) – Ein Leben getreu nach den evangelischen Räten: Armut, Keuschheit und Gehorsam 81 4.3.1. Das Leben der Margareta von Ypern (1216-1237) 81 4.3.2. Aufbau, Inhalt und didaktische Implikationen der Vita Margarete de Ypris 82 4.3.3. Die Vita Margarete de Ypris - Ein Lehrbuch für die cura animarum? Der ordenspolitische Hintergrund der Vita Margarete 87 4.4. Das Klosterleben als oberste Stufe der Christusnachfolge und Idealform der vita religiosa - Die Vita Lutgardis Aquiriensis (nach 1248, beendet 1262) 90 4.4.1. Das Leben der Lutgard von Aywières (1182-1246) 91 Die Entwicklung des Lutgard Kults 92 4.4.2. Aufbau, Inhalt und didaktische Implikationen der Vita Lutgardis Aquiriensis 94 Buch I: ecclesia in purgatorio 94 vita activa oder vita contemplativa? 96 II. Buch: ecclesia militans 98 III. Buch: vita perfecta 100 4.4.3. Die Vita Lutgardis - Ein Nachahmungsmodell für Regulierte Nonnen 101 4.5. Das Exemplum der Yolanda von Vianden im Bonum universale de apibus (um 1257 - 1263) 104 4.6. Die Vita für Yolanda von Vianden (spätes 13. Jahrhundert) 106 4.6.1. Zum Autor der Vita Bruder Hermann (um 1250-1308) 106 4.6.2. Zum Leben der Yolanda von Vianden (1231-1283) 107 Yolandas kultische Verehrung 109 4.6.3. Zum Inhalt der Vita 111 4.6.4. Die Yolandavita – Eine Werbeschrift für potentielle Stifter 117 Warum Walther von Meisenburg das Dominikanerinnenkloster Marienthal empfahl 119 Yolandas Klostereintritt vor dem Hintergrund der damaligen dominikanischen Frauenpolitik 121 Die Darstellung religiöser Gemeinschaften in der Yolanda- Vita als Quelle für die religiöse Konkurrenzsituation 123 Die Beziehungen der Frauengemeinschaften untereinander 126 Exkurs: Die identitätsstiftende Funktion der Mystik 127 4.7. Die Vita Margarete contracta (Entstehungszeit unsicher, wahrscheinlich 2. Hälfte 13. Jahrhundert) 127 4.7.1. Zum Autor der Vita, dem Dominikanerbruder Johannes (Lebensdaten unbekannt) 129 4.7.2. Zum Leben der Margareta von Magdeburg (Lebensdaten ungewiss, vermutlich Mitte des 13. Jahrhunderts) 131 4.7.3. Aufbau und Inhalt der Vita Margarete contracte 133 Imitatio Christi – Margaretas Lebens- und Leidensweg 3 Die Verworfenheit 134 Vita activa 134 Margaretas Buße 135 Die Reinigung Margaretas 135 Am Kreuz mit Christus – Margareta nimmt das Leid als Gabe Gottes an 136 Bruder Johannes wird Margaretas Beichtvater – Wie aus anfänglichen Missverständnissen eine spirituelle Freundschaft entsteht 137 Margareta als zweite Maria 139 Margaretas Missachtung und Verleumdung durch die Menschen 139 Vita perfecta 141 4.7.4. Die Vita der Margareta contracta – Eine theologische Lehrschrift 142 4.8. Die Legenda b. Margaritae de Ungaria (1274) 146 4.8.1. Zur Autorschaft der Margaretenlegende 146 4.8.2. Zum Leben der Margareta von Ungarn (1242-1270, Heiligsprechung 1934) 146 Bemühungen um Margaretas Heiligsprechung 149 Der Aufschwung des Margaretenkults in Italien und in den deutschsprachigen Regionen 151 4.8.3. Der Inhalt der Legenda b. Margaritae de Ungaria (Legenda vetus) 154 4.8.4. Imitatio Elisabeth: Die Dominikanerin Margareta von Ungarn 158 Die Einstellung des Dominikanerordens zu den Frauen 159 Exkurs: Die Aufgabe der Frauen im Dominikanerorden - Die Briefe Jordans von Sachsen an Diana von Andalo 162 Exkurs: Die Dominikanische Heiligenverehrung 164 5. Das Zeitalter der Franziskaner: Heilige Frauen in der Nachfolge des Poverello: Elisabeth von Thüringen (1207-1231), Humiliana Cerchi (1219-1246), Klara von Assisi (1193-1253), Isabella von Frankreich (1224-1269) und Douceline von Digne (um 1214-1274) 166 5.1. Elisabeth von Thüringen – Leben, kultische Verehrung und hagiographische Schriften 166 5.1.1. Das Leben der heiligen Elisabeth von Thüringen 168 Elisabeth und die Franziskaner 169 Elisabeths Kanonisation und die Entwicklung ihres Heiligenkultes 172 Zum Inhalt der Heiligsprechungsbulle Gloriosus in maiestate 174 Der Brief Papst Gregors IX. an die Königin Beatrix von Kastilien mit der Aufforderung der Heiligen Elisabeth nachzufolgen 175 Der Kniefall des Kaisers vor der Heiligen 175 Der Brief des Kaisers an die Franziskaner und der Deutsche Orden als Verwalter der Elisabethkultstätten 176 Elisabeth eine Heilige für alle 178 Die Exempelfunktion der Heiligen für die Frauen des Hochadels 180 In Nachahmung der heiligen Elisabeth – Das Entstehen „Heiliger Höfe“ 182 Ausdruck der Elisabethverehrung – Die Förderung des Franziskanerordens und seines weiblichen Ordenszweigs durch die europäischen Herrscherhäuser 183 5.1.2. Die Summa vitae des Konrad von Marburg (1232) 185 5.1.3. Zu Konrad von Marburg (um 1180/90-1233) 186 5.1.4. Der Inhalt der Summa vitae 189 5.1.5. Die Summa vitae – Eine Schrift zur Präsentation einer neuen Heiligen 191 Konrad von Marburg ein Anhänger der Pariser Moraltheologie 192 5.2. Die Vita Sancte Elyzabeth lantgravie (1236/37) 193 5.2.1. Zum Autor Cäsarius von Heisterbach (um 1180 – Mitte 13. Jahrhundert) 194 5.2.2. Aufbau und Inhalt der Vita Sancte Elyzabeth Lantgravie 196 5.2.3. Die Vita Sancte Elyzabeth – Ein Exemplum für Deutschordensritter 203 Die Heilige Elisabeth im Sermo de Translatione des Cäsarius von Heisterbach 204 5.3. Eine weitere Vita Sancte Elyzabeth Lantgravie des Dominikaners Dietrich von Apolda (1289-1294) 205 5.3.1. Zu Dietrich von Apolda (um 1228/29 – nach 1301/02) 208 5.3.2. Aufbau und Inhalt der Vita Sancte Elyzabeth 209 5.3.3. Die Elisabethvita des Dietrich von Apolda – Zwei unterschiedliche Wege der Imitatio Christi 214 Das Dominikanische in Dietrichs Elisabethvita 215 Das Exempel der heiligen Elisabeth in dominikanischen Predigtkompendien 216 5.4. Die Elisabethviten franziskanischer Provenienz 217 5.4.1. Aufbau und Inhalt der `Großen franziskanischen Elisabethvita´ (letztes Viertel 13. Jahrhundert) 221 5.4.2. Elisabeth als Exemplum für die nordeuropäischen Klarissen 223 Elisabeth – Eine franziskanische Heilige 225 Exkurs: Das Exempel des Poverello und seine Aufforderung zur Nachfolge Christi 226 5.5. Die Vita beatae Humilianae de Cerchis (1246-1248) für die Büßerin Emiliana Cerchi 229 5.5.1. Zum Autor der Vita Vito von Cortona († um 1250) und zum Verfasser der Mirakelsammlung Bruder Hippolyt (Lebensdaten unbekannt) 230 5.5.2. Zum Leben der Emiliana Cerchi (1219-1246) 230 Florenz im Ausnahmezustand – Der Beginn der kultischen Verehrung Humilianas als Heilige der Guelfen 231 Die Familie der Cerchi übernimmt die Hauptrolle innerhalb der Humilianaverehrung 234 5.5.3. Aufbau und Inhalt der Vita beatae Humilianae de Cerchis 235 Humiliana wird Terziarin 237 Zwei spätere Mirakelsammlungen: Die Apparitiones post mortem und die Miracula intra triennium ab obitu patrata 242 5.5.4. Die Vita beatae Humilianae de Cerchis – Ein früher Lobpreis auf den Dritten franziskanischen Orden vor dem Hintergrund der Ghibellinsch-Guelfischen Kriege 243 Von den Anfängen der Bußbewegung bis zur Institutionalisierung des Dritten franziskanischen Ordens 244 Der Widerstand im Orden gegen die institutionelle Vereinigung mit den Büßern 246 Die Fürsprecher der Büßer 247 Der Inhalt der Bußregel 248 Der Lebensbericht der seligen Humiliana als Zeugnis für die Bußregel 248 5.6. Die Heilige Klara von Assisi – Die Ausformung ihres Heiligkeitskonzepts bis hin zur Legenda S. Clarae Virginis Assisiensis (1255/56) 250 5.6.1. Klaras Leben und die geschichtlichen Hintergründe der Armen Frauen von San Damiano 251 Klaras Gemeinschaft San Damiano und der päpstliche Damiansorden 254 Die Vielfalt der Regeln 260 Klaras Tod und ihre Heiligsprechung 263 Zur kultischen Verehrung der heiligen Klara im Franziskanerorden 263 Der Versuch der Vereinheitlichung – Der Damiansorden wird zum Klarissenorden 264 Bonaventura bindet männlichen und weiblichen Ordenszweigfester aneinander 265 Das Ende der Widersprüche – Klaras Erbe wird zur Reliquie 268 5.6.2. Ein Leben in der Nachfolge des Heiligen Franziskus – Klaras eigene Schriften, Kontroversen um die Echtheit der Texte 269 Die Briefe Klaras an Agnes von Böhmen 273 Ausdruck der Poverellonachfolge – Die Regel der heiligen Klara (Forma vitae sororum pauperum) 276 Klaras Testament 280 5.6.3. Klaras Heiligkeit, wie sie aus den Akten des Kanonisationsprozesses spricht 281 Zu Klaras Franziskusnachfolge 287 Die Kanonisationsurkunde Clara, claris, praeclara 290 5.6.4. Die Legenda Sanctae Clarae Assisiensis – Zum Autor der Legenda Sanctae Clarae Assisiensis Thomas von Celano (um 1190-1260) 292 Der Einfluss Papst Gregors IX. auf die Schriften des Thomas von Celano 294 5.6.5. Aufbau und Inhalt der Legenda Sanctae Clarae Assisiensis 295 5.6.6. Die Legenda Sanctae Clarae Virginis Assisiensis – Ein Nachahmungsmodell für klausurierte Schwestern 301 Klara - Eine Heilige für die Nonnen des Damians-/Klarissenordens 302 Exkurs: Die Ausbreitung des Damians-/Klarissenordens 305 5.7. La Vie de la bienheureuse Isabelle de France soeur du roy S. Loys fondatrice de Longchamp (1283) 310 5.7.1. Zur Autorin der Vita Agnes von Harcourt (1240er - 1291) 310 Der Brief der Agnes von Harcourt an König Ludwig IX. und Longchamp 312 Karl von Anjou beauftragt Agnes mit der Abfassung der Isabellavita 313 5.7.2. Zum Leben Isabellas von Frankreich 314 Sanctae virginitatis propositum und andere Schriftstücke als Zeugnisse päpstlichen Bemühens um die Gunst der Königstochter 315 Isabellas Prestige in den Augen der Franziskaner 318 Zur Isabellaregel 325 Zum Kult um Isabella von Frankreich 326 5.7.3. Aufbau und Inhalt von La vie de notre saincte et benoite dame et mere Madame Yzabeau de France 328 5.7.4. Die Vita der Isabella von Frankreich – Ein Zeugnis dynastischer Memoria vor dem Hintergrund der Heiligenpolitik Karls von Anjou 333 Isabella – Heilige, aber nicht Nonne von Longchamp 334 Gemeinsamkeiten und Unterschiede zu den anderen Anhängerinnen des heiligen Franziskus 336 Die Verbreitung der Isabellaregel 337 5.8. Li Vida de la benaurada Sancta Doucelina, Mayre de las Donnas de Robaut (um 1297/ nach 1311 vor 1315) 339 5.8.1. Zur Textentstehung und der Frage der Verfasserschaft 340 Zur mutmaßlichen Hagiographin Filipa von Porcellet 342 5.8.2. Zum Leben der Douceline von Digne (um 1215-1274) 343 Die Roubauder Beginengemeinschaft 344 Doucelines Kultische Verehrung, Verdächtigungen und der Fortbestand der Kommunität 347 Zum Einfluss Hugos von Digne auf die Lebensweise der Frauen von Roubaud 349 5.8.3. Aufbau und Inhalt von Li Vida de la benaurada Sancta Doucelina 352 5.8.4. Li Vida de la benaurada Sancta Doucelina – Eine Legitimationsschrift für den in Verdacht geratenen Beginenkonvent von Roubaud 361 Die franziskanische Inquisition in Südfrankreich 363 Die Legitimationsstrategie der Roubauder Beginen – Bonaventuras Franziskusvita 364 Franziskanisch ja, aber nicht klarianisch 365 Die Anbindung der Roubauder Beginen an Karl von Anjou und andere weltliche Herrscher 366 6. Schlussbetrachtung 368 Frauenviten als institutionelle Steuerungs- und Normierungsinstrumente 374 Rezipienten und Hagiographen – Funktionale und regionale Unterschiede in der Vitenliteratur 376 Der Einfluss des Klerus auf das zeitgenössische Heiligenbild – Predigt und cura mulierum 377 Dominikanische und franziskanische Frauenviten – Zwei differente Darstellungsweisen weiblicher Heiligkeit 379 Die franziskanische Hagiographie 381 Die dominikanische Hagiographie 382 7. Abkürzungsverzeichnis 385 8. Quellen- und Literaturverzeichnis 386 Verzeichnis der untersuchten Heiligenviten 386 Weitere Quellen 389 Literatur 399 Zeitschriften und Reihen 437
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