Academic literature on the topic 'Masculine ending with -s'
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Journal articles on the topic "Masculine ending with -s"
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Wunderlich, Dieter. "German noun plural reconsidered." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 22, no. 6 (1999): 1044–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x99542222.
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German noun plurals not ending in -s are not as irregular as Clahsen suggests. Feminine nouns get the -n plural, unless they umlaut and are subject to a constraint that requires a reduced final syllable in the plural. Another regular class is masculine nouns ending in schwa, which are weakly inflected. It is suggested that more differentiated psycholinguistic experiments can identify these regularities.
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Obrador-Cursach, Bartomeu. "Phrygian mekas and the recently discovered New Phrygian inscription from Nacoleia." Indogermanische Forschungen 121, no. 1 (2016): 177–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/if-2016-0010.
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Abstract The aim of the present paper is to argue for the interpretation of Phrygian mekas as an adjective meaning ‘great’ and inherited from PIE *méǵ-h2-, taking into account all its testimonies documented in the Phrygian corpus and accepting the theory of a Phrygian Lautverschiebung. Furthermore, through a new reading of the last lines of the recently discovered New Phrygian inscription from Nacoleia, where the accusative μεκαν can be read in agreement with the theonym Τιαν, a new interpretation of the apodosis of the New Phrygian inscription 25 is given. Finally, a comparison of the Phrygian and the Greek forms reveals a common innovation in the presence of the ending -s in the masculine nom. sg. despite the lack of the -λο- suffix in the Phrygian inflection of this word.
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Versloot, Arjen. "Die Endungen -os/-as und -a des Nominativ/Akkusativ Plurals der a-Stämme im Altsächsischen." Amsterdamer Beiträge zur älteren Germanistik 76, no. 4 (2016): 464–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18756719-12340052.
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The Old Saxon ending of the NAp of the masculine a-stems is generally -os in the larger sources Heliand and Genesis, appears as -as in minor texts, but faces competition from -a in minor texts in south-western sources. There are various hypotheses about the origin of the -a-ending, whether going back to the original Proto-Germanic accusative ending or being a borrowing from Franconian. An analysis of all 119 attested NAp forms of masculine -(j/w)a-stems from minor texts reveals that the ending -a arose in the late 9th century and found its roots indeed in the south-western region of the Lower Rhine Valley (Essen, Werden). The variant -os, next to geographically dominant -as, is only found in that region as well. The ending -a most likely spread from Lower Rhine Valley Franconian, where an intense contact existed between Franconian and Saxon, the former being the politically dominant variety. This borrowing was the first step in a total reshaping of Middle Low Saxon plural morphology, based on the Franconian pattern of masculine -e versus feminine -en.
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Bellamy, Kate, M. Parafita Couto, and Hans Stadthagen-Gonzalez. "Investigating Gender Assignment Strategies in Mixed Purepecha–Spanish Nominal Constructions." Languages 3, no. 3 (2018): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/languages3030028.
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Purepecha has no grammatical gender, whereas Spanish has a binary masculine–feminine system. In this paper we investigate how early sequential Purepecha–Spanish bilinguals assign gender to Purepecha nouns inserted into an otherwise Spanish utterance, using a director-matcher production task and an online forced-choice acceptability judgement task. The results of the production task indicate a strong preference for masculine gender, irrespective of the gender of the noun’s translation equivalent, the so-called “masculine default” option. Participants in the comprehension task were influenced by the orthography of the Purepecha noun in the -a ending condition, leading them to assign feminine gender agreement to nouns that are masculine in Spanish, but preferred the masculine default strategy again in the -i/-u ending condition. The absence of the “analogical criterion” in both tasks contrasts with the results of some previous studies, underlining the need for more comparable data in terms of task type. Our results also highlight how task type can influence the choices speakers make, in this context, in terms of the choice of grammatical gender agreement strategy. Task type should therefore be carefully controlled in future studies.
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Kolibaba, Larysa. "The endings of accusative case of nouns in history of Ukrainian orthography." Ukrainska mova, no. 3 (2020): 28–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/ukrmova2020.03.028.
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The second form of accusative is the ancient original grammatical feature of the Ukrainian language, based on the tradition of folklore. It penetrated to the literary language from the living national language, so it was most consistently preserved verbal colloquial speech and language of fiction. Folk origin of the second form of accusative is reflected by the semantics of nouns used with the ending -a (-я) – these are primarily the names of сoncrete household objects. Instead, nouns – names of abstract concepts of masculine, that it is difficult to personify, in a folk language not so much. Because of this, the functioning of abstract nouns in the form of accusative with the ending -a (-я) is limited. The main criterion that allows the second form of accusative case is semantic. It is based on the rules, presented in all editions of the academic «Ukrainian Spelling», but the register of nouns it was «let» to have this form was uneven, it was constantly narrowed, that predefined by socio-political conditions of functioning of the Ukrainian language at different time periods. Analysis of scientific and lexicographic sources from the beginning of the XX century and to this day it gives grounds to attribute the form of accusative case on -a (-я) to «repressed», artificially restricted in use. The difficult and regressive way of its normalization, besides lexicographic sources, is also attested by Ukrainian spellings of different years of publication. The most complete list of nouns – the names of uncreatures of masculine of the second declension and the most fundamental rule for their endings in accusative of singular, based on a well-defined semantic criterion, is given in the «Ukrainian spelling» of 1928. Only in this edition for nouns – names of uncreatures of masculine of the second declension that is the names of concrete objects, as only correct and only the possible ending is -a (-я). Also in it, among the nouns of masculine of the second declension, in particular and the names of uncreatures, the prepositional constructs of the second accusative case are presented. From the «Ukrainian Spelling» of 1933 to its most recent edition in 2019, the prescription for the use of accusative case with the ending -a (-я) has a form of a note (or rather – an exception) and fixes as normative two parallel morphological forms of accusative case of singular– on -a (-я) and with zero ending. Researches of modern scientists, based on theoretical and lexicographic work 20–30th of ХХ of century and the language practice of the Ukrainian people from ancient times to the present, formed an objective basis for the revival of this multi-hundred-year tradition of the Ukrainian language in all functional and stylistic spheres of everyday life of the Ukrainian language, taking into account that text of note in relation to the second form of accusative, offered in the new release of the «Ukrainian Spelling» in 2019, it is needed to correct and extend, in particular to give more detailed list of lexico-semantic groups of nouns, for that the second form of accusative is an organic morphological feature, substantially to complement the register of nouns-illustrations, change placed the sequence of disposition of wordforms with a zero ending and ending -а (-я) and the note itself transformed into a rule. Keywords: accusative case, the second form of accusative case, the second accusative, genitive case, nominative case, nouns – the names of uncreatures of masculine of the second declension, ending -а (-я), zero ending.
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Caro Reina, Javier, and Jessica Nowak. "Diachronic development of gender in city names in Spanish." STUF - Language Typology and Universals 72, no. 4 (2019): 505–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/stuf-2019-0020.
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Abstract This paper examines the gender assignment rules that apply to city names in the history of Spanish, relying for the first time on extensive corpus-based material. The empirical data show that gender assignment changed from a referential principle that consistently assigned city names to the feminine (due to the feminine basic level noun for ‘city’) to a phonologically driven assignment rule, with city names ending in -a generally being assigned to the feminine (e.g. Barcelona) and those ending in -o or -C to the masculine (e.g. Toledo, Madrid). However, the overall picture is much more complicated than previously suggested in the literature since there is still a high degree of gender variation in Modern Spanish. The use of the feminine is still possible in city names ending in -o or -C. Interestingly, the change from referential to phonological gender assignment occurs first within the NP (mainly with quantifiers such as tod- o/-a ‘all-m/-f’). It is in this morphosyntactic context that city names with final -a most commonly shift from the feminine to the masculine gender. This case of “evasive gender” will be discussed from a typological perspective.
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LYSTER, ROY. "Predictability in French gender attribution: A corpus analysis." Journal of French Language Studies 16, no. 1 (2006): 69–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959269506002304.
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This article presents a corpus analysis designed to determine the extent to which noun endings in French are reliable predictors of grammatical gender. A corpus of 9,961 nouns appearing in Le Robert Junior Illustré was analysed according to noun endings, which were operationalised as orthographic representations of rhymes, which consist of either a vowel sound (i.e., a nucleus) in the case of vocalic endings or a vowel-plus-consonant blend (i.e., a nucleus and a coda) in the case of consonantal endings. The analysis classified noun endings as reliably masculine, reliably feminine, or ambiguous, by considering as reliable predictors of grammatical gender any noun ending that predicts the gender of least 90 per cent of all nouns in the corpus with that ending. Results reveal that 81 per cent of all feminine nouns and 80 per cent of all masculine nouns in the corpus are rule governed, having endings that systematically predict their gender. These findings, at odds with traditional grammars, are discussed in terms of their pedagogical implications.
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Dammel, Antje. "Evaluative Wortbildung und Personenreferenz." Linguistik Online 107, no. 2 (2021): 145–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.13092/lo.107.7691.
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The word formation pattern [ __-i]N mask. in Alemannic mainly derives masculine agent nouns from verbs resulting in output semantics of ‘someone who notoriously acts in the manner of base verb’. I analyse the pattern as an instance of evaluative morphology embedded in a more general output oriented schema and propose a scenario how the pattern may have developed from an OHG hypochoristic pattern primarily used in names. In a qualitative and quantitative analysis of two dialect dictionaries on Zürich German and Bernese German I look into the possible lexical fillings of the pattern and derive areas of stereotypisation. As the products of the pattern are masculine nouns, it is of interest whether the lemmas are flanked with a feminine form or not, and if they are, whether the feminine form follows or precedes the masculine form or is added as a separate lemma without a masculine pendant. The analysis also includes neuter forms ending in -i listed in the dictionaries. As the masculine products of the pattern already reflect stereotyped behaviour, the feminine (and neuter) forms included in the dictionnaries are expected to sediment gender stereotypes to a high degree.
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Roberts, Marilyn. "Jane Austen and the Tradition of Masculine Benevolence." Eighteenth-Century Life 45, no. 1 (2021): 75–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00982601-8793945.
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During the long eighteenth century, benevolence was thought to be the greatest of all virtues. In her later novels especially, Jane Austen emphasized its primacy, showing that benevolence must be taught, practiced, and perfected through rigorous self-analysis and the repudiation of self-indulgence. The heroes of those novels tend to exercise benevolence in accordance with the duties of their profession, especially as described in the courtesy books of the period. Nevertheless, even if adept at helping the needy or extending kindness toward their peers, her central male characters do not find happiness until they discipline themselves to be more benevolent toward people of all ranks. Although the novels do not advocate a political solution for ending poverty, Austen suggests that her readers can improve society through benevolent action.
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Kleszczowa, Krystyna. "Pięćdziesiąt lat minęło. O polskim dopełniaczu liczby pojedynczej raz jeszcze." ANNALES UNIVERSITATIS PAEDAGOGICAE CRACOVIENSIS. STUDIA LINGUISTICA, no. 14 (December 15, 2019): 79–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.24917/20831765.14.7.
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1968 saw the publication of Józefa Kobylińska’s monograph entitled Rozwój form dopełniacza liczby pojedynczej rzeczowników rodzaju męskiego w języku polskim [The development of the forms of the genitive singular of masculine nouns in the Polish language]. Whoever intends to write about the Polish masculine genitive singular cannot neglect this publication, especially so because the selection of the endings -a and -u still poses a problem for modern Poles. The author of the article intends to supplement the fragments of the monograph which refer to the sources of the vacillations in the selection of endings. She puts forward a thesis that the source of the ending -u in the genitive was not only the 2nd declension but also the forms of the dative of the 1st declension. The author continues to ask, why the ending -a was preserved by animate nouns. It turns out that among all the functions of the genitive (genetivus qualitatis, genetivus partitivus, genetivus absolutus) Saxon genitive was the prevailing one; a noun in the genitive indicated the possessor, and the latter was a person, less frequently an animal. Possessive form expressed by the dative (cf. Bogu rodzica) was not pure, it frequently connoted an existential function.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Masculine ending with -s"
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Hamel, Bryan. "Homosexualité(s) masculine(s) et expériences carcérales : une étude exploratoire." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/37623.
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Les études criminologiques qui ont trait à l’articulation entre sexualité(s) et détention sont rares. Celles qui portent sur les expériences de détenus homosexuels sont pratiquement inexistantes. Cette recherche exploratoire, basée sur la réalisation d’entretiens semi-directifs auprès d’ex-détenus homosexuels incarcérés dans des pénitenciers et prisons situées au Québec, vise à combler une partie de cet espace. En analysant les récits de leur passage en institution carcérale, nous interrogeons leurs conceptions des notions d’identités et d’orientations sexuelles. Il en ressort notamment que l’homosexualité prend une place variable dans la définition qu’ils donnent d’eux-mêmes. L’impact de l’environnement dans l’actualisation et la mise au jour de certaines facettes identitaires est également pris en compte, de même que leur perception de la tolérance et de l’acceptabilité de l’homosexualité en contexte carcéral. Pour eux, bien que l’homophobie soit rare, elle ne peut être conceptualisée séparément des notions de « masculinité » et de « visibilité ».
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Russell, Jamie Edward. "Bodies of light : homosexuality, masculinity and ascesis in the novels of William S. Burroughs." Thesis, Royal Holloway, University of London, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.313561.
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Cole, Merrill Grant. "The erotics of masculine demise : homosexual sacrifice in modernist poetry /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/9510.
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Evans, Alexander Robert. "Cultural politics and the gay fantasia : transcending and ending queer crises in 90's North American and British culture." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.407064.
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Matus, Geraldine P. C. "World?s geography of love| An alchemical hermeneutic inquiry into the heroic masculine?s rebirth as influenced by love as the glutinum mundi and the feminine incorporatio." Thesis, Pacifica Graduate Institute, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3701754.
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<p> This research generates an alchemical hermeneutic analysis of four archetypes as found in certain ancient Egyptian texts and the contemporary dream text <i> Heart of the Inner Chamber</i>, the landscape of which is the “world’s geography of love.” As symbols of transformation, these four archetypal energies are essential reagents in the dramatic process of individuation, as understood in the depth psychological tradition. These archetypes are (a) the triptych of disintegration-death-resurrection, (b) the dying heroic masculine, (c) the feminine incorporatio (who incorporates the corrupt and dying heroic masculine into her body), and (d) love as the glutinum mundi (glue of the world). Certain ancient Egyptian ritual and mythic texts describe the sungod Re undergoing a recursive renewal of his life-giving force, which is facilitated by the love and ministrations of particular feminine figures. One such figure is the ancient Egyptian sky goddess Nut, a personification of both realms of heaven and netherworld, who swallows the failing Re at sunset, and in whose body the mysterious processes of his regeneration take place so he may be reborn at dawn. A Nut like figure appears in <i>Heart of the Inner Chamber </i> linking the psyche of the dreamer to symbols of transformation from ancient Egypt. </p><p> As symbols of transformation, love as the glutinum mundi and the feminine incorporatio are not well articulated in the field of depth psychology, and particularly so regarding individuation. This research deepens the articulation of the archetypes of love as the glutinum mundi and the feminine incorporatio. As well the research invites a deeper valuation of a conscious engagement with these symbols of transformation, especially as they may serve us when we find ourselves in those ineffable and inevitable, chaotic, shadowy, and emotionally confounding places of being where we feel that we are dying or dead and hope for the miracle of our transformation and rebirth. </p>
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Santos, Filipe Bordinhão dos. "MASCULINIDADE EM ANÚNCIO(S): RECEPÇÃO PUBLICITÁRIA E IDENTIDADE DE GÊNERO." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2012. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/6339.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior<br>This research proposes a reception study over masculinity representations in Brazilian advertisements transmitted over free-to-air television and its role in distinct class men's gender identity formation. We did align to the Cultural Studies strand, especially, to Jesús Martín-Barbero's Latin American theoretical and methodological mediation perspectives. Still in theoretical terms we do emphasize on the discussions referring to male gender's social construction and, in a complementary way, on the articulation with the contemporary notion of social class. Methodologically, we did perform a reception study with 10 different age, civil state and profession men, who do reside in Santa Maria, classified as high and popular classes by Quadros and Antunes' definition (2001). The data collection techniques used in this study were the questionnaire, which consisted of a pilot study with 40 instruments, and a semi structured in depth interview. Besides that, for the reception exam over the masculine gender we did mark out a corpus of advertisements (beer, car, technology, bank and clothing/hygiene products) defined by the results of the questionnaires and used as responsible support to stimulate debate with the receptors. We did analyze the mediations of sociality, rituality and tecnicity (MARTÍN-BARBERO, 2006) in the advertising speech's appropriation relations (negotiation or resistance) concerning to the masculinity representations, defined by beauty, sexuality, work and family categories. As a result of this work, the advertising shows up as an important source of patterns and references to contemporary subjects to live the masculinity; at the same way contributing to the relativization of the traditional masculine pattern, related to machism and patriarchy that hegemonically vigorates until a few decades ago. At last, the construction of gender identities based on beauty, sexuality, work and family, from the readings and the ways of using the advertising speech is made in a differenced way by the cleavages of social classes.<br>A presente pesquisa propõe um estudo de recepção das representações sobre a masculinidade nos anúncios publicitários brasileiros veiculados na televisão aberta e o seu papel na formação da identidade de gênero de homens pertencentes a classes distintas. Alinhamo-nos à vertente dos estudos culturais, especialmente, à perspectiva teórico-metodológica latino-americana das mediações de Jesús Martín- Barbero. Ainda em termos teóricos, nossa ênfase está centrada nas discussões referentes à construção social do gênero masculino e, de forma complementar, na articulação com a noção contemporânea de classe social. Metodologicamente, realizamos um estudo de recepção com dez homens residentes em Santa Maria/RS com idades, estado civil, profissões variadas e classificados, a partir da definição de Quadros e Antunes (2001), em classes populares e altas. As técnicas de coletas de dados empregadas neste estudo foram o questionário, que se caracterizou com um estudo piloto com quarenta instrumentos, e a entrevista semiestruturada em profundidade. Além disso, para o exame da recepção sobre o gênero masculino delimitamos um corpus de anúncios publicitários (cerveja, carro, tecnologia, banco, tecnologia e vestuário/produtos de higiene), definidos com base nos resultados dos questionários e usados como suportes responsáveis para o estímulo do debate com os receptores. Analisamos as mediações da socialidade, ritualidade e tecnicidade (MARTÍN-BARBERO, 2006) nas relações de apropriação (negociação ou resistência) do discurso publicitário no que diz respeito às representações de masculinidade, aqui, definida pelas categorias de beleza, sexualidade, trabalho e família. Como resultado deste trabalho, a publicidade aparece como uma importante fonte de padrões e referências para que os sujeitos contemporâneos vivenciem a masculinidade; da mesma forma que contribui, inclusive, para a relativização do padrão masculino tradicional, relacionado ao machismo e ao patriarcado, que vigorou hegemônico até poucas décadas atrás. Por fim, a construção das identidades de gênero baseada na beleza, na sexualidade, no trabalho e na família, a partir das leituras e dos modos de usos do discurso publicitário, é feita de forma diferenciada a partir das clivagens de classes sociais.
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Queiroz, Mário Antônio Pinto de. "O herói desmascarado: a imagem do masculino nos editoriais da revista inglesa "Arena Homme Plus" entre 1995 e 2007." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2008. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/5050.
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Previous issue date: 2008-04-23<br>The objective of this study is to analyze how fashion editorials reflect the image of
man at the turn of the 21st century, and discuss the relation between fashion and the
hero in the masculine world. It aims at discussing whether man s fashion through the
images developed for this magazine points at transformations in the behavior of men
or maintains conservative traits that restrict novelties in men s outfits and behavior.
The magazine chosen Arena Homme Plus
is one of the few magazines worldwide that is exclusively geared towards men s fashion. This British publication features
major designers from Europe and the United States and circulates worldwide showing
the work of designers, photographers, producers thus influencing the fashion industry
and consumers.
This study starts by focusing on the early days of fashion photography in the 1920s
when photographs begin to replace illustration. It points out that a journalistic production
geared to the male public had been around since the 19th century and included from
men s magazines with essays of female nudes to our object of study: men s fashion
magazines. The study focuses on the photo essays, the fashion editorials, of these
issues published in the late 1990s and beginning of the third millennium and on the
content revealed through the eyes of major contemporary photographs and though the
choices made by fashion professionals during the production stage. Fashion editorials
account for most of the content of Arena Homme Plus and each issue may include
up to six of them, with an average of forty photographs. The editorials were chosen
according to their relevance to discuss the hero, investigating the different faces of
man at the turn of the millennium.
The theoretical framework includes the concepts of imprinting, imaginary and noosphere
as developed by Edgard Morin. The analysis is based on the theoretical framework
provided by semiotics as applied to the field of culture, specifically to fashion.
The study concludes that the image of man has been shattered into myriad variations
so that it is no longer possible to try to think of the masculine as a single segment,
something that vanguard fashion magazines, such as Arena Homme Plus, have long
recognized<br>O objetivo deste estudo é analisar como os editoriais de moda refletem a imagem do
homem no final do século XX e início do XXI, discutindo como se dá a relação moda
versus
o herói no universo masculino. A intenção é discutir se a moda masculina através das imagens elaboradas para esta publicação aponta transformações no
comportamento do masculino e se ainda preserva traços conservadores, restritivos às
novidades nos trajes e no comportamento do homem.
A revista escolhida Arena Homme Plus
é uma das únicas publicações do mundo dedicada exclusivamente à moda masculina. Esta publicação inglesa, que abrange as
grandes grifes da Europa e dos Estados Unidos, circula em todo o mundo apresentando
trabalhos de estilistas, fotógrafos, produtores, influenciando a indústria da moda e
seus consumidores.
O presente estudo parte dos primórdios da fotografia de moda, quando, por volta dos
anos 20, fotos começam a substituir croquis. A pesquisa aponta o jornalismo voltado
ao masculino desde o século XIX, passando pelas revistas masculinas com ensaios de
nus femininos até chegarmos ao nosso objetivo maior: as revistas de moda masculina
dos últimos anos da década de 1990 e do início deste terceiro milênio. Nessas
publicações o foco está nos ensaios fotográficos, como eles revelam os principais
fotógrafos contemporâneos e como são produzidos pelos profi ssionais de moda. Os
editoriais de moda representam o maior conteúdo da revista Arena Homme Plus e
cada edição pode trazer até seis, o que representa em média quarenta fotos. Os
editoriais escolhidos são os mais significativos para a discussão do herói, pesquisando
as diversas faces do homem nesta virada de milênio.
O instrumental teórico utiliza os conceitos de imprinting, imaginário e noosfera, de
Edgar Morin. A base teórica da análise segue a linha da semiótica no campo de
discussão sobre a cultura, mais especificamente sobre a moda.
Conclui-se que a imagem do homem se estilhaçou numa palheta de grandes variações
e que não há como tentar resumir o masculino como um único segmento, o que as
revistas de moda de vanguarda, como a Arena Homme Plus, já não considera há
tempos
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Yattara, Maïmounatou Altini. "Accroître l'autonomisation économique pour soutenir l'empowerment des femmes rurales au Mali : étude de deux structures collectives féminines de la région de Koulikoro (l'association «Musow jigitugu-ton» des productrices de farines infantiles de la commune de Toubacoro et l'union «Si yiriwa» des productrices de beurre de Karité du Cercle de Dioïla)." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27948.
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Au Mali, les femmes rurales constituent des actrices incontournables dans la production agricole, secteur sur lequel repose l’économie du pays. Pour un développement inclusif, et partant de la logique que l’autonomisation économique des femmes entrainerait leur empowerment, les centres d’autopromotion ont été mis en place par le gouvernement malien et ses partenaires dans les cercles et les communes afin de mieux promouvoir les femmes rurales. Cette étude a pour objectif de vérifier cette prémisse en saisissant les changements au niveau de l’empowerment des femmes occasionnés par les activités d’autonomisation économique au sein des centres d’autopromotion de l’association Musow jigitugu-ton de Toubacoro et de l’union Si yiriwa de Dioïla. Sur la base d’une démarche qualitative, des entrevues individuelles et des focus group ont été réalisés avec 31 femmes, 1 gestionnaire et 10 responsables des structures partenaires. Les résultats ont montré que les activités des centres favorisent l’autonomisation économique des femmes membres, cependant, des efforts restent à fournir pour une gestion autonome des revenus générés par les femmes afin de mieux maintenir leur autopromotion. Les résultats ont également permis de montrer que l’autonomisation économique est un vecteur de l’empowerment des femmes rurales. Toutefois, ce processus reste très affecté par la domination masculine encore profondément intégrée par les femmes. On retient aussi que les approches des partenaires sont défaillantes et que des mesures doivent être entreprises pour une meilleure intégration du genre dans toutes les actions si l’on veut que les centres d’autopromotion remplissent bien leurs rôles. Mots-clés : autonomisation économique des femmes, empowerment des femmes, centre d’autopromotion, femmes rurales, domination masculine.<br>Rural women in Mali are essential actors in agriculture, which is the most important field of the country’s economy. To promote inclusive development and women’s economic empowerment, the Malian government and local municipalities have set “self-promotion centers” to promote rural women empowerment. This study examines the self-promotion centers of the association "Musow jigitugu-ton" of Toubacoro and the union "Si yiriwa" of Dioïla. The main objective of the study is to investigate the impact of economic empowerment activities in women's empowerment. Using a qualitative approach, individual interviews and focus groups were carried out with 31 women, 1 manager and 10 managers of the partner organisations. The results indicate that activities of the centers improved women economic empowerment who are members, but efforts are still needed to manage the income generated by women in order to maintain their self-promotion. The results also show that economic empowerment is a vehicle for the empowerment of rural women. However, this process is still very much affected by the male dominance deeply integrated by women. Partners' approaches are failing in this regard and some measures must be taken to integrate gender approach in all actions if self-promotion centers are to fulfill their roles. Keywords: women economic empowerment, women empowerment, self-promotion center, rural women, male dominance.
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Österberg, Susanna. "Den qvinnliga konstnären: : representationer i tidskriften Palettskrap 1877 –1904." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Konstvetenskap, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-32264.
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Jag har ägnat denna uppsats åt att undersöka Kungliga Konstakademiens elevtidning Palettskrap från och med att det grundades 1877 till och med 1904.Tidningen består av anteckningar, protokoll och en mängd med bilder såsom porträtt, illustrationer och skämtteckningar. Mitt syfte har varit att se hur konflikten kring kvinnorollen generellt och kvinnliga konstnärsrollen specifikt kommer till uttryck under det sena 1800-talet i en intern elevtidning som Palettskrap. Jag har huvudsakligen utfört bildanalyser men även lyft fram text ur Palettskrap som har varit relevant för mitt ämne. Jag har analyserat bildernas uttryck och bildbudskap utifrån Roland Barthes semiotiska metod. För en genusmedveten och kritisk blick på det konsthistoriska sammanhanget, har jag har tillämpat ett feministiskt perspektiv som varit verktyg för att dekonstruera den maskulina myten om modernismen och konstnären. Min undersökning visar att det finns två etablerade stereotyper/kategorier av den kvinnliga konstnären: den ”okvinnliga” konstnären och ”amatören”. Dessa två stereotyper återspeglar den borgerliga synen på kvinnlighet/femininitet som oförenlig med konstnärsrollen.<br>I have dedicated this essay in researching the journal Palettskrap founded by students at the Royal Swedish Academy of Arts in 1877. Palettskrap consists of notes, protocols and a variety of images such as portraits, illustrations and satirical cartoons. My purpose has specifically been to see how the conflict of the woman artist is articulated during the late 1800's in a student journal such as Palettskrap, and also more generally, how the woman's role in society is articulated. I have primarily analyzed images but I have also exposed text from Palettskrap which has been relevant to my subject matter. By using Roland Barthes' semiotics, I have analyzed the images' expression and message. For a gender-sensitive and critical eye on the art historical context, I have applied feminist theory which has been useful in deconstructing the masculine myth on modernism and ”the artist”. My research shows that there are two established stereotypes/categories of the woman artist: the ”unwomanly” artist and the ”amateur”. These two stereotypes reflect the bourgeois notions of womanhood/femininity as incompatible with the role of the artist.
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Klimtová, Barbora. "Skloňování maskulin s tvarotvorným základem zakončeným na obojetnou souhlásku v současné češtině." Master's thesis, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-313744.
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The thesis attemps to map the current situation of the variance process in masculines ended with epicene consonants -s and -z. Based on the description of the situation presented in language guides approximately since 1950s and with the help of Retrográdní slovník současné češtiny, the authoress compiled a list of masculines with this type of ending and afterwards she verified each noun via corpus databáze ČNK syn2010. To komplete the corpus results the authoress used the questionary survey on selected nouns. From acquired data there was set together a summary which should describe the current situation of this variance in these nouns.
Books on the topic "Masculine ending with -s"
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Ronald, Payne, ed. The never-ending war: Terrorism in the 80's. Facts on File Publications, 1987.
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United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Appropriations. Making supplemental appropriations for the fiscal year ending September 30, 2001, and for other purposes: Report (to accompany S. 1077). U.S. G.P.O., 2001.
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Making supplemental appropriations for the fiscal year ending September 30, 2001, and for other purposes: Report (to accompany S. 1077). U.S. G.P.O., 2001.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Masculine ending with -s"
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Calvin, Ritch. "Chapter Zero Ending(s)." In Feminist Science Fiction and Feminist Epistemology. Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-32470-8_1.
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Freeman, Carol. "Ending Extinction: The Quagga, the Thylacine, and the “Smart Human”." In Leonardo¿s Choice. Springer Netherlands, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-2479-4_13.
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Werchota, Roland. "Ending the ‘Urban W+S Divide’ by Serving the Poor." In Empty Buckets and Overflowing Pits. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-31383-8_7.
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Pease, Bob. "Reconstructing Masculinity or Ending Manhood? The Potential and Limitations of Transforming Masculine Subjectivities for Gender Equality." In Alternative Masculinities for a Changing World. Palgrave Macmillan US, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137462565_2.
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Pawlak, Mirosław. "12. The Effect of Corrective Feedback on the Acquisition of the English Third-Person -s Ending." In Morphosyntactic Issues in Second Language Acquisition, edited by Danuta Gabryś-Barker. Multilingual Matters, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.21832/9781847690661-014.
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"The Ordinary s-Ending." In A Modern English Grammar on Historical Principles. Routledge, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203715970-21.
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"Ending “Th e Good War”." In Harry S. Truman. Routledge, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203081662-8.
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"Group Formations, with s-Ending." In A Modern English Grammar on Historical Principles. Routledge, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203715970-22.
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"IRREGULAR NOUNS Zero-ending genitive plural of masculine nouns." In Intermediate Russian. Routledge, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203184301-54.
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Michalopoulos, Constantine. "Aid Effectiveness." In Ending Global Poverty. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198850175.003.0006.
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This chapter starts with a description of some of the specific steps the Utstein group took to streamline their aid procedures in order to reduce the burdens imposed on partner countries and increase effectiveness in the implementation of their bilateral assistance programmes. This is followed by a similar discussion of U4 efforts to help improve the effectiveness of EU aid in which three of the four ministers were involved. The chapter then turns to a discussion of the U4 aid to Tanzania which four of them visited in 2000 as a showcase of what they had been advocating. They spread their message about a new approach to development cooperation in which the partner country is in the driver’s seat by organizing so called ‘Big Tables’ with African leaders (including Ministers of Finance) that permitted a frank exchange of views on ways to make aid more effective in achieving poverty reduction. The final part of the chapter reviews U4’s support to fragile states, focusing on their joint efforts in several countries, including the Democratic Republic of Congo, Sierra Leone, and Sudan.
Conference papers on the topic "Masculine ending with -s"
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Noguchi, Mary Goebel. "The Shifting Sub-Text of Japanese Gendered Language." In GLOCAL Conference on Asian Linguistic Anthropology 2020. The GLOCAL Unit, SOAS University of London, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.47298/cala2020.12-2.
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Sociolinguists (Holmes 2008; Meyerhof 2006) assists to describe the Japanese language a having gender exclusive elements. Personal pronouns, sentence-ending particles and lexicon used exclusively by one gender have been cataloged in English by researchers such as Ide (1979), Shibamoto (1985) and McGloin (1991). While there has been some research showing that Japanese women’s language use today is much more diverse than these earlier descriptions suggested (e.g. studies in Okamoto and Smith 2004) and that some young Japanese girls use masculine pronouns to refer to themselves (Miyazaki 2010), prescriptive rules for Japanese use still maintain gender-exclusive elements. In addition, characters in movie and TV dramas not only adhere to but also popularize these norms (Nakamura 2012). Thus, Japanese etiquette and media ‘texts’ promote the perpetuation of gender-exclusive language use, particularly by females. However, in the past three decades, Japanese society has made significant shifts towards gender equality in legal code, the workplace and education. The researcher therefore decided to investigate how Japanese women use and view their language in the context of these changes. Data comes from three focus groups. The first was conducted in 2013 and was composed of older women members of a university human rights research group focused on gender issues. The other two were conducted in 2013 and 2019, and were composed of female university students who went through the Japanese school system after the Japan Teachers’ Union adopted a policy of gender equality, thus expressing interest in gender issues. The goal was to determine whether Japanese women’s language use is shifting over time. The participants’ feelings about these norms were also explored - especially whether or not they feel that the norms constrain their ability to express themselves fully. Although the new norms are not yet evident in most public contexts, the language use and views of the participants in this study represent the sub-text of this shift in Japanese usage.
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Bubnovskaya, Olesya, and Vitalina Leonidova. "Cognitive factor of psychological safety: gender aspect." In Safety psychology and psychological safety: problems of interaction between theorists and practitioners. «Publishing company «World of science», LLC, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.15862/53mnnpk20-08.
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The relevance of the problem posed in the article is determined by the role of psychological safety in the development of the individual against the background of the growth of securitization in modern society, the need to detect factors affecting it. The purpose of the study is to establish the nature of the relationship between cognitive variables and psychological safety of the individual, considering the gender. According to the hypothesis of the study, gender characteristics of the individual, determining the cognitive component of the individual's attitude to himself and to the world, affect psychological safety. The sample of the study included university students of Vladivostok (n=300, 60 – men, 240 – women, the average age is 19 years). Used methods: “Psychological safety of educational environment” (PSEE)” (Baeva I.A.), “Kiselev’s thermometer” (“gradusnik sostoi͡aniĭ”), (Kiselev Yu.Ya.), “Bem Sex-Role Inventory (BSRI)” (Bem S.), “World assumptions scale” (Yanov-Bulman R.) in the adaptation by Padun M. A., Kotelnikova A.V. with comparative, correlation, regression and factor analysis in the Python. The results show significant correlations between gender and basic beliefs of the individual (p≤0,001), safety of the educational environment, components of psychological safety (p≤0,001); stable influence of masculinity and femininity on the attitude of the individual to the world and to himself, on the components and characteristics of safety (determination coefficients – 0,5-0,6). Based on the study of data on psychological safety and basic beliefs of students, considering their gender traits, conclusions are made about the influence of gender on the cognitive component of safety. In general, gender characteristics and beliefs of an individual are important for psychological safety, although a strict determination was not identified in the study and requires further study. The influence of gender on beliefs about peace and safety is more pronounced in the feminine type than in the masculine type. The sense of safety of a person with feminine traits is largely due to her trust in others, faith in a good and fair world, and with masculine traits – the belief in her ability to control events.
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Skjønsberg, O. H., P. Kierulf, L. F. Engebretsen, G. Gjønnes, and H. C. Godal. "INCREASED THROMBIN GENERATION DURING COLLECTION OF BLOOD FROM DONORS TAKING ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES (OC)." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644275.
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450 ml blood was drawn into Fenwal PVC-bags from 26 OC-users and 28 non-users. The groups were comparable with regard to sex, age, smoking habits and blood collecting time. Thrombin generation was estimated as the fibrinopeptide A (FPA) concentrations in the bags immediately after ending the donations. The blood was also analyzed following storage at 4°C for 24 hours.Subsequent to donation, the median FPA level in the control group was 4.2 (range 1.8-18.9) and in the OC-group 7.5 (range 2.2-113.7) (p°0.05), reflecting a more pronounced thrombin generation during collection of blood from OC-users. The level of prekallikrein (PKK) was also higher in blood drawn from OC-users (97.0% (73-128) in the control group versus 121.5% (79166) in the OC-group (p°0.001)), as was the level of FVIII:C, the latter difference was, however, not significant (p=0.06). The A T-111 concentrations were similar in the two groups.No cold promoted activation could be observed following storage of the bags at 4°C for 24 hours, neither was any change observed in the levels of FPA, PKK or AT-III. There was no difference between the groups with regard to decay of FV111: C upon storage.We conclude that thrombin generation is more pronounced during collection of blood from donors taking OC. Only some of the OC-users seem to generate appreciable amounts of FPA (19% above 30 ng/ml), and it is important to notice that all bags containing alarmingly high levels of FPA were drawn from women taking OC.
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Sumi, Y., Y. Nakamura, M. Sakai, M. Muramatsu та N. Aoki. "STRUCTURE OF HUMAN α2-PLASMIN INHIBITOR DEDUCED FROM THAT OF cDNA". У XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644371.
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The complete amino acid sequence of α2-plasmin inhibitor (α2PI) was determined by cDNA cloning. A Agt 10 cDNA library was prepared from poly(A)+mRNA isolated from cultured human liver cells. The labeled oligonucleotides, corresponding to the reported partial amino acid sequences of α2PI, were used as probes to screen the library. One of the positive clones was subcloned into plasmid pUC8. A 2.2 kilobase cDNA clone thus isolated contains a region coding for a portion of a leader sequence, the mature protein, a stop codon (TGA), a 3' noncoding region (733 nucleotides), and a poly(A)tail (37 nucleotides). The amino acid sequence deduced from the cDNA is composed of 452 amino acids starting with an amino-terminal sequence of Asn-Gln-Glu-Gln and ending with a carboxyl-terminal sequence of Gly-Ser-Pro-Lys. The sequence shows approximately 30% homology with those of other plasma serine protease inhibitors. However, α2PI extends 50-52 amino acids beyond the carboxyl-terminal ends of the other inhibitors. This 50-52 carboxyl-terminal amino acid sequence is therefore specific to α2PI, and contains the sequence that is exactly the same as that of the peptide containing the plasminogen binding site. There are three lysine residues possibly involved in the binding to plasminogen in this region. From the homology with the other inhibitors, the inhibitor's reactive-site peptide bond was suggested to be Met-Ser and the same as that of ai-antitrypsin. The Met residue is located at the 362 position from the amino-terminal end.
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Maurin, N. "PILOT STUDY WITH AN “IN VITRO BLEEDING TIME” (“IN VITRO BT”) TO MONITOR THE USE OF A STABLE PROSTACYCLIN (PGI2 ANALOGUE IN HAEMODI ALYSIS (HD)." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644224.
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Administering PGI2 instead of heparin (H) during HD enables the risk of bleeding to be reduced. A serious disadvantage of this method of inhibiting coagulation by inhibiting thrombocyte function is however that, in contrast to anticoagu1 ation with H alone, there exists no quickly measurable monitoring parameter. Recently Kratzer and Born (Haemostasis 1985; 15: 357-52) presented a new method for measuring the primary haemostatis: the “in vitro BT”. Our pilot study was to determine whether this “in vitro BT” is concentration - d epe nd ent 1 y prolonged by administering a stable PGI2 analogue during HD. In 5 HD’s the stable P G I 2 analogue CG 4203 (dose gradually raised starting 45 rfnn before HD to 25 ng/kg b.w./min during HD; Gruenenthal GmbH, FRG) were given. Before, during and after the HD the “in vitro BT” (Thrombostat 4000, VDG, FRG) was measured under standardised conditions 15 min after taking 1 ml of citrate blood from the arterial branch of the extracorporeal system. The “in vitro BT” was concentration-dependent!y prolonged by CG 4203. The time interval between taking and measuring the blood sample affect the measured value. If the blood sample is taken directly before the dialyser, the “in vitro BT” is greater than if the sample is taken directly after the dialyser; from which it can be assumed that the dialyser activates the platelets. 1 h after ending HD and discontinuing the CG 4203, the “in vitro BT” is shorter than it was before starting HD; perhaps this is due to platelet activation during HD in the extracorporeal system and to removal of uraemic toxins. Furthermore, the “in vitro BT” was measured in a healthy volunteer 20 times consecutively. The coefficient of variability was 9.3 %. Further studies should be performed to see whether adjusting the “in vitro BT” to a given range allows the dosing of PGI2 or a stable PGI2 analogue to be so controlled as to prevent occlusion in the extracorporeal system.
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Vitins, Janis. "High Speed Locomotive Development: A European Experience." In 2010 Joint Rail Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2010-36014.
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Europe has a long history of high speed locomotive and power unit development. This paper focuses on these developments in Sweden, Germany, Switzerland and Spain starting from high speed locomotives for 125 mph and ending with the AVE S112 high speed power unit for 206 mph. The major technical objectives starting in the 1970’s were to increase the speed and performance, while reducing the axle load from typically 21t at 125 mph to 17t at ≥ 156 mph. Developments of the propulsion system and vehicle concepts took place in many incremental steps, constantly improving the performance of high speed services. It is shown how American high speed locomotives relate to these developments and how one can learn from the European experience going forward.
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Polanco, René Perez, and Enrique Rodriguez Betancourt. "Pipeline Information System: A Tool for Making Decisions." In 2000 3rd International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2000-153.
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The majority of pipeline transportation facilities for natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas and basic petrochemical products were built in Mexico during the 60’ −70. The most recent construction occurred between the 80–90’s. These gas pipelines are located in 24 of the 32 Mexican States, crossing through private property, agricultural fields and sharing right of ways with other Pipeline Companies. The length is up than 11,000 km., beginning in Cactus, Chiapas and ending in Chihuahua. Import/export points are located in Reynosa, Laredo, Piedras Negras and Ciudad Juarez, crossing many populated areas, fresh and salty waters bodies, highways, bridges, areas of irregular topographical terrain. This situation makes operation, maintenance, safety and inspection activities difficult to realize. Therefore, Pemex Gas y Petroquimica Basica established a technical information system, to have integrated digitized pipeline trajectory, on several geographic maps, and technical databases associated related maintenance, operation and safety. Technical consultation is the main project goal, either in headquarters or “in situ” if it were necessary, to aid in decision-making processes, or to take right choices in case of any incident.
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Ribeiro, Elton J. B., Edson L. Labanca, Roberto Alvim, and Otavio Veras. "New Approach for Assessment of Flexible Risers Interference in Shallow Waters." In ASME 2013 32nd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2013-10936.
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This paper presents a methodology to analyze the risers interference connected to an FPSO, which is using turret moored system in shallow water. It is not feasible in shallow water to use riser free hanging catenary configurations, since there is not enough length in order to dissipate FPSO dynamic response due to wave action, which can cause riser damage at TDP. Furthermore, FPSO static offset is very large, around 30% of water depth, when it is compared with deep water, around 11–12% of water depth. In order to become feasible a large number of risers connected to a FPSO using a turret moored system in shallow water are needed to use compliant configurations, such as: lazy wave, pliant wave and Lazy S. As mentioned above risers compliant configurations are capable to avoid riser damage at TDP, but they present a large lateral motion. Thus, riser interference becomes a critical issue to be overcome. As the applicable standards and rules are not entirely prescriptive about this issue, the riser analyst usually have to adopt independent criteria, such as load cases, internal fluid density, hydrodynamic coefficient considering or not wake effect and clashing criteria (allowable, partially allowable or not). Therefore, the proposed methodology is very robust and was used at FEED studies for FPSO OSX-2/3, both belong to OGX, which are planning to install them at the ending of 2013 in Campos Basin, offshore Brazil.
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Guittonneau, Fabrice, Abdesselam Abdelouas, Bernd Grambow, Manoe¨l Dialinas, and Franc¸ois Cellier. "New Methods for HTR Fuel Waste Management." In Fourth International Topical Meeting on High Temperature Reactor Technology. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/htr2008-58112.
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Considering the need to reduce waste production and greenhouse emissions by still keeping high energy efficiency, various 4th generation nuclear energy systems have been proposed. As far as graphite moderated reactors are concerned, one of the key issues is the large volumes of irradiated graphite encountered (1770 m3 for fuel elements and 840 m3 for reflector elements during the lifetime (60 years) of a single reactor module [1]). With the objective to reduce volume of waste in the HTR concept, it is very important to be able to separate the fuel from low level activity graphite. This requires to separate TRISO particles from the graphite matrix with the sine qua non condition to not break TRISO particles in case of future embedding of particles in a matrix for disposal. According to National Regulatory Systems, in case of limited graphite waste production or of short duration HTR projects (e.g. in Germany), direct disposal without separation is acceptable. Nevertheless, in case of large scale deployment of HTR technology, such approach is not economical and sustainable. Previous attempts in graphite management (furnace, fluidised bed and laser incinerations and encapsulation matrices) dealt with graphite matrix only. These are the reasons why we studied the management of irradiated compact-type fuel element. We simulated the presence of fuel in the particles by using ZrO2 kernels. Compacts with ZrO2 TRISO particles were manufactured by AREVA NP. Two original methods have been studied. First, we tested high pressure jet to erode graphite and clean TRISO particles. Best erosion rate reached about 0.18 kg/h for a single nose ending. Examination of treated graphite showed a mixture of undamaged TRISO particles, particles that have lost the outer pyrolytic carbon layer and ZrO2 kernels. Secondly, we studied the thermal shock method by immerging successively graphite into liquid nitrogen and hot water to cause fracturing of the compact. This produced particles and graphite fragments with diameter ranging from several centimetres to less than 500 μm. This relatively simple and economic method may potentially be considered as a pretreatment step and be coupled with other method(s) before reprocessing and recycling for example.