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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Masculinity and femininity'
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1
Johnson, Ann. "PRESCRIBING DIFFERENCE: MASCULINITY AND FEMININITY AT CROSSFIT." OpenSIUC, 2019. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/1737.
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Most institutional structures are organized along the lines of gender, including the economy, state, law, religion, politics (Lorber 1994) and sport, where they were historically and are presently dominated and defined by men. With that being said, we have not yet achieved gender equality. In a time, where there has been both progress and challenges to the conventional gender order, how do men and women construct their own gendered identities, manage their performances of gender, and understand masculinity and femininity in society?
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Beden, Nadja. "Femininity and Masculinity in Bridget Jones's Diary by Helen Fielding." Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Institutionen för humaniora, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-13976.
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Matsugu, Yuka. "Cosmo Girls and Playboys: Japanese Femininity and Masculinity in Gendered Magazines." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/193984.
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This study investigates a well-explored topic, the relationship between gender and language, with a unique set of data--Japanese translations of highly gendered discourse contexts in Cosmopolitan and Playboy magazines. In both magazines, being attractive, heterosexual (wo)men is one of the ultimate goals. Therefore, choosing the 'right' words and expressions to display their gender identities is expected to be important for the writers. For this reason, language use in both magazines is expected to correspond to hegemonic masculinities and femininities in today's Japan.Comparative analysis of the two languages is limited to an examination of the use of passive voice. The results suggest one gender-specific constraint--Japanese women avoid maintaining the inanimate subject of English passive sentences--and one language-specific constraint--Japanese passive sentences are preferred when the speakers discuss their personal relationships.In addition to the comparative analysis of passives in English and Japanese, gender differences for the Japanese data are also examined in other linguistic aspects. Over 14,000 Japanese sentences from Cosmopolitan Japan and Playboy Japan were divided into three groups of senders (authors)--male, female, and editorial--and compared in relation to the following three aspects: person referential forms, sentence endings, and directive expressions. The results suggest that male senders of both magazines are moderately masculine, while female senders of both magazines are extremely feminine. This may suggest that sociocultural pressure on Japanese women to preserve their 'women's language' is strong, while such pressure is not obvious with men's language use.This study further argues that male-centered and female-centered discourse communities in the two magazines provide their readers not only sociocultural conventions of language use, but also gender-specific socialization experiences and different senses of preferred social structures. More specifically, the readers of Cosmopolitan Japan learn the importance of peer approval, and the importance of gender difference, hierarchy, and politeness as a part of femininity. However, they may not learn how to make femininity and power coexist. In contrast, the readers of Playboy Japan learn the value of independence and may learn that gender and hierarchy/power are not rigid and that one can be simultaneously feminine and powerful, and masculine and polite.
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Mavromatis, Stefanos. "Rational Femininity and Emotional Masculinity in Golding’s Lord of the Flies." Thesis, Högskolan Kristianstad, Fakulteten för lärarutbildning, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-22124.
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This paper argues that in Golding’s Lord of the Flies feminine thinking is rational and masculine thinking is emotional. This essay provides historical background that presents the general patriarchal view of femininity during 20th century England of being seen as the inferior-emotional gender with intellectual limitations. By examining gender roles during the era that the setting of the novel takes place, what the terms feminine and masculine thinking indicate and by applying these terms, this paper categorises Piggy’s, Ralph’s and Jack’s behaviour and way of thinking. Furthermore, this paper argues that feminine thinking and feminine group-oriented logical behaviour are more advantageous, while the masculine individualistic emotionally driven thinking and behaviour cause some key problems. This essay’s goal is not to claim the superiority of one gender over the other but to question some of the masculine actions that Ralph and Jack engage in, by comparing them to the feminine actions that Ralph and Piggy engage in.
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Khuankaew, Sasinee. "Femininity and masculinity in three selected twentieth-century Thai romance fictions." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2015. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/76730/.
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The main purpose of this study is to examine a popular Thai genre of the novel, romance fiction, with a focus on the modes of subjectivity and discourses of femininity and masculinity to be found in Thai romance novels between the 1940s and 1990s. The thesis also seeks to locate the various socio-cultural contexts of Thai society, which influence the constitution of Thai gender relations and the transformation of gender norms. Additionally, it attempts to address the issue of the usefulness of Western theories of gender and romance, which are widely regarded in Thailand as tools of Westernization and new forms of colonialism. This study suggests that Thai gender relations are complicated, since there are several disparate aspects that influence the constitution of male and female subjectivity. Western influence is one of these aspects that help define femininity and masculinity, while domestic beliefs also play a salient role as palimpsests that are not easily erased. Thus, the representation of various modes of gendered subjectivity in romance fiction concurrently indicates both changes in and the reproduction of discourses that define an „essence‟ of gender identity that accords with traditional Thai cultural beliefs including the deep-rooted idea that the primary purpose of writing is didactic.
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Pickard, Jennifer. "Contextual variability in early adolescents' state masculinity, femininity and peer interaction goals." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2003. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=2993.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--West Virginia University, 2003.Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains vi, 123 p. : ill. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 64-71).
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Saragovi, Carina. "The multiple dimensions of agency and communion and their associations to well-being." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape11/PQDD_0021/NQ44572.pdf.
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Taylor, Edwin Arthur. "Engendering peace : masculinity, femininity, and the Good Friday negotiations in Northern Irealand [sic] /." view abstract or download file of text, 2006. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1296094851&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=11238&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2006.Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. "Research for this dissertation took place from September 2003 to September 2005, and included two field research visits to Northern Ireland during September 3-17, 2003 and April 5-June 8, 2005"--P. 3. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 186-199). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.
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Johnson, Larry D. Jr. "Dismantling and (Re) constructing notions of masculinity and femininity in African women literature." DigitalCommons@Robert W. Woodruff Library, Atlanta University Center, 2011. http://digitalcommons.auctr.edu/dissertations/240.
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This study examines gender (re)presentation in three carefully selected works: Brown
Girl, Brownstones; The Color Purple; and When Rocks Dance. Employing the
scholarship of women writers of the Diaspora, I contend that the works dismantle and
(re)construct gender identities. Where traditional notions of sexuality depict men as
masculine and women as feminine, this analysis interrogates and subverts the traditional
paradigm. Methodologically, the dissertation combines literary analysis, post-colonial
studies, and gender schema theory into an interdisciplinary approach. I begin by
exploring gender construction to establish a theoretical perspective for characters who
reject traditional heteronormative paradigms. I then extend recent critical discussions on
gender and post-colonialism by examining the relationships between the men and women
in each literary text. I contend that traditional notion of characters as homosexual or
lesbian is dismantled and (re)constructed, thereby resulting in characters who embrace
their femininity or masculinity in a more balanced construction of personality, which is
the key to their self-actualization.
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Lam, Suk-yin, and 林淑燕. "The construct of masculinity and femininity in John Woo and Stanley Kwan's films." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1996. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31951144.
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Lam, Suk-yin. "The construct of masculinity and femininity in John Woo and Stanley Kwan's films." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1996. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B17390801.
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Holly, Timothy M. "Stereotyping: Self-Perceived Masculinity in Men and Men's Perceptions of Femininity in Women." Xavier University / OhioLINK, 1998. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=xavier1341838609.
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Soyer, Asli. "An Exploration Of Masculinity, Femininity, Sexual Fantasy, And Masturbation As Predictors Of Marital Satisfaction." Master's thesis, METU, 2006. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12607652/index.pdf.
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The major problems that this study addressed were the identification of group differences on masculinity, femininity, monthly frequency of sexual fantasy, monthly frequency of masturbation, and marital satisfaction, as well as the investigation of which predictor variables account for a significant proportion of the criterion variables monthly frequency of sexual fantasy, monthly frequency of masturbation, and marital satisfaction. BEM Sex Roles Inventory-Short Form (BSRI-SF), Dyadic Adjustment Scale (DAS), , and Demographic Information Form were administered 200 married individuals. To test the hypotheses of the study, ANOVA and Stepwise Multiple Regression Analyses were conducted. Results revealed that, gender differentiated the groups on masculinity, femininity, monthly frequency of sexual fantasy, and monthly frequency of masturbation. However, no difference was found for marital satisfaction. Apart from that, gender, frequency of sexual intercourse, and age found to be the predictors of monthly frequency of sexual fantasy. Another finding was that, gender,
the belief that masturbation is not socially accepted, marital satisfaction, and femininity significantly predicted monthly frequency of masturbation. Lastly, results revealed that monthly frequency of sexual intercourse and monthly frequency of masturbation contributed to the prediction of marital satisfaction. The findings were discussed in the light of the relevant literature.
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Sfakinos, Despina. "Femininity, masculinity, and social change : a discourse analytic study of gender and suicidal behaviour /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 2000. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ARPS/09arpss522.pdf.
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Sunderland, Maureen. "The Long Goodbye : Hard-Boiled Interpretations of the City, Femininity, and Masculinity after Chandler." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.519473.
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Pickard, Jennifer. "The effects of same-sex and other-sex contexts on masculinity, femininity, and goals." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2001. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=2139.
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Thesis (M.A.)--West Virginia University, 2001.Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains iv, 94 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 44-49).
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Gharbaharan, Leah. "An investigation into the discursive contructions of childhood masculinity and femininity in BEN 10." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/3384.
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This thesis investigates the representation of gendered childhood in popular children’s television series Ben 10. The series focuses on ten year old Ben who is granted alien powers, deciding to use them to protect innocent people from danger. Alongside Ben is his ten year old female cousin, Gwen, presented as his foil and guide throughout the series. As the characters develop the series presents particular gendered ways of performing childhood and adolescence and responses to the challenges of growing up. Before charting the trajectories of masculinity and femininity of the series I provide a theoretical framework drawing on the work of Foucault for his conceptualisation of discourse, discursive regimes and discursive subjects. The discursive approach is further explored by outlining particular concepts posited by Connell and Butler who argue for the discursive construction and performativity of gender. Similarly, I employ a social constructionist approach to childhood, arguing for children as active meaning makers – albeit constrained by broader discourses. They are constantly learning behaviours which shape their social practice, indicating the significance of studies on children’s media. Consistent with a constructivist approach, this study employs a qualitative methodology to undertake a Critical Discourse Analysis of select episodes, also informed by narrative theories. These ideas underpin the textual analysis of each purposively sampled episode of the three series to present the progression of masculinity and femininity from childhood through early and later adolescence through the characters Ben and Gwen. The analysis serves to demonstrate that Rousseau’s gendered notions of childhood still have considerable purchase in the twenty-first century, particularly in relation to the female character. This study’s findings propose a shift in children’s televisual representations to espousing more liberal views of masculinity, wherein boys are permitted space to feel fear and anxiety. Unsurprisingly, the series continues to uphold traditional ideals of heteronormativity and a hegemonic masculinity which uses physicality to demonstrate dominance. Furthermore, despite the modern conception of self-actualising females the series expects its female characters to work doubly hard without fundamentally challenging patriarchal ideals. That conventional, patriarchal gender roles are rehearsed and privileged in this popular series has implications in terms of persistent gender inequalities.
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Michniewicz, Kenneth S. "Ironic Masculinity and Femininity: Do Contextual Factors Reverse Attributions Based on Gender Stereotyped Behaviors?" Scholar Commons, 2015. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/5533.
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Emerging research highlights the social penalties for men and women who commit cross-gendered behaviors. Here, I examine how and when two contextual mechanisms (competence and credentials) alter people's perceptions of cross-gendered behavior and render actors as less gender-atypical and more gender-typical. In Study 1, I tested the hypothesis that incompetence in cross-gendered behaviors would communicate same-gendered qualities by contrast. In Study 2, I tested the hypothesis that an actor who commits a cross-gendered behavior will receive less gender-inconsistent evaluations if they first demonstrate gender-typical traits. Moreover, Study 2 examines whether or not these credentialed actors change the perception of the behavior's alignment with conventional gender stereotypes. Results were largely mixed but generally failed to support hypotheses. The Discussion focuses on how future research can address these questions.
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Chivungu, Vimbai. "Beneath the Surface : An Examination of Masculinity and Femininity in Dennis Lehane's Mystic River." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för språkstudier, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-131707.
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On the surface, Dennis Lehane’s novel Mystic River appears quite fascinated and occupied with macho ideals and ideas of heroism, vengeance, vigilantism, violence, and blind loyalty. The novel might even be said to paint a picture of a world ultimately ruled and controlled by men, who are expected to set the terms and encouraged to take charge. This points to an overt message stating that attributes such as strength, cold practicality, efficiency, action, decisiveness, and rationality – all stereo-typically masculine values – ultimately pay off and are rewarded. However, such an initial analysis may be meaningfully countered, overturned, and distrusted. Making use of feminist deconstruction, this essay argues that Mystic River’s superficial praise of stereotypical gender ideals is in fact undermined by tensions and contradictions beneath the surface of the text. This undermining in turn serves to criticize binary hierarchies at the very core of patriarchal ideology.
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Turen, Ege. "Gender Identity in Career Decisions| Masculinity and Femininity in STEM and non-STEM fields." Thesis, Southern Illinois University at Edwardsville, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10009328.
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The purpose of the present study is investigating whether gender identity (masculinity and femininity) has an effect on women?s career choices (STEM or non-STEM), and their person-environment fit, job satisfaction, and turnover intentions with their choices. One-hundred eight-two female employees recruited via Amazon?s Mechanical Turk and a snowball/network sampling strategy completed an online survey. The results supported that masculine females were more represented in STEM jobs. However, feminine females were not more represented in non-STEM jobs. Furthermore, results revealed that higher person environment fit resulted with higher job satisfaction and lower turnover intentions for female employees. However, there were no significant relationship between gender identity, and person-environment fit, job satisfaction, and turnover intentions. These results suggest that gender identity may affect female employees? career decisions, and their person-environment fit is important for their job satisfaction and turnover intentions.
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Pink, Sarah. "Women in the 'world of bullfighting' : gender identity and social change in Andalusia, Spain." Thesis, University of Kent, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.308831.
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Tengberg, Emelie, and Emelie Lindberg. "The man always gets the best and with goddess skin he'll be wrapped around more than just your finger : En semiotisk analys av två reklamfilmer från företaget Gillette." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för humaniora och samhällsvetenskap (from 2013), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-43007.
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Syftet med studien är att undersöka och belysa hur det förekommer skillnader kring maskulint respektive feminint, i två utvalda reklamfilmer för varumärkena Gillette och Gillette Venus. Reklamfilmerna som valdes ut sändes på svensk kommersiell TV under april 2016. Studien undersöker och besvarar frågeställningarna om hur varumärkena och biologiskt kön visualiseras i reklamfilmerna och hur språkbruket uttrycker sig för att tilltala respektive målgrupp. Det teoretiska ramverket utgår från genusteori, varumärkesteori och semiotisk teori. För att undersöka alla betydelsebärande element i reklamfilmerna studeras de utifrån det direkta innehållet och därefter det underliggande inom dem. Det direkta innehållet motsvarar de element som kan ses vid första anblick och därefter vilken underliggande betydelse de kan ha. Dessa motsvarar begreppen denotation och konnotation som varit utgångspunkt i studiens analys. Gillettes reklamfilmer innehåller enligt denna studie stereotyper och normer som skapar fack för hur individer ska förhålla sig till skildringar av förväntad maskulinitet och femininitet. Dessa skildringar uppdagades genom att ställa reklamfilmerna mot varandra i analysen, för att se hur de skiljer sig från varandra. Först beskrivs Gillette Venus reklamfilm för kvinnor och sedan Gillettes reklamfilm för män. Båda utgår från det denotativa innehållet för att sedan analyseras utifrån konnotationer. I sammanställningen av analys och resultat av båda reklamfilmerna diskuteras mytbegreppet i förhållande till denotation och konnotation. Här analyseras de gemensamt utifrån studiens teoretiska ramverk, genus- och varumärkesteori. Studiens resultat i förhållande till valda teorier visar att företaget Gillette upprätthåller och reproducerar genussystemet genom att skildra skeva presentationer av kön. Företagets alla betydelsebärande element skildrar tydliga bilder av hur män och kvinnor ska förhålla sig till varumärkena genom maskulina och feminina drag. Gillette har ett starkt varumärkesbyggande genom att de är tydliga med sitt budskap och lyckas tilltala två skilda målgrupper kvinnor och män. Men utifrån ett genusperspektiv reproduceras stereotyper och normer genom att särskilja biologiskt kön utifrån förväntade preferenser av design. Slutsatsen besvarar studiens frågeställningar genom att delas upp i separata rubriker: Visualisering, Maskulinitet och femininitet, Språkbruk. Vår slutsats i denna studie är att Gillettes och Gillette Venus presentationer av biologiska kön, är stereotypa och blir begränsande för individer som uppmanas att placera sig i maskulina och feminina fack.The purpose of this study is to examine and shed light on differences surrounding masculinity respective femininity in two selected commercials for the brand Gillette and Gillette Venus. The commercials were broadcasted on Swedish commercial TV during April 2016. The study examines and answers the formulation of questions of how the brands and biological sex are visualized in the commercials and how language use is expressed to appeal to respective target audience. The theoretical framework proceeds from gender theory, brand theory and semiotic theory. To examine all significant elements in the commercials, they are being studied through the direct content and later the subliminal content within. The direct content corresponds the elements which can be seen at first glance and later which subliminal importance it may have. These correspond to the terms denotation and connotation which has been the benchmark of the study’s analysis. Gillette’s ads contain, according to this study, stereotypes and norms which creates categories for how individuals should act until depictions of expected masculinity and femininity. These depictions are uncovered by contrasting the commercials to discover how they diverse differ from each other. Firstly, Gillette Venus commercial for women is described and later Gillette’s commercial for men. Both proceed first from the denotative content and later analyzed based on connotations. In the compilation of analysis and result of both the commercials, myth is discussed in relation to denotation and connotation. This part analyzes the common basis of the study's theoretical framework, gender and brand theory. The study’s result, in relation to selected theories, indicates how the brand Gillette maintains and reproduces gender order through depraved representation of gender. The company's all important structural elements depict transparent images of how men and women should relate to the brands through masculine and feminine traits. Gillette has a strong brand building in that they are clear about their message and manages to appeal to two different target groups of women and men. However, from a gender perspective reproduced stereotypes and norms by distinguishing biological sex based on expected preferences of design. The end result answers the study’s questions by being divided into separate headlines: Visualisering, Maskulinitet och femininitet, Språkbruk. Our conclusion is that Gillette and Gillette Venus’ presentations of biological sex is stereotypical and becomes limiting to people who are encouraged to allocate themselves to a masculine and feminine category.
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Timmermans, Michelle. "Gender In Reality Television : A semiotic analysis of masculinity and femininity in the Survivor franchise." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för mediestudier, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-81405.
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This thesis intends to bring up masculinity and femininity as presented in the American adaptation of the Survivor series. Focus will lie on exposing subtle differences in the programs presentation of men and women in the first episode of the currently on-air season of the show. In attempting to do so, the following questions will also be put into focus: - What male or female stereotypes seem to be encouraged? - What notable signs relating to gender are featured in the episode? - How can these signs be interpreted? - What do these presentations imply about gender roles? Through the use of literature to study the reality-TV genre, this thesis will provide theories on gender, stereotypes, and the broader reality-TV genre, which will be researched further through semiotic theory and representation in the media. Here, a variety of prior research on the subject, for example Henry Jenkins, Richard Dyer and Annette Hill will be presented. Semiotic theories based on the work of Ferdinand de Saussure and Roland Barthes will provide the basis for a semiotic analysis of signification within the chosen episode. Through the identification of and analysis of signs in the chosen episode, a content analysis will provide insight into underlying attitudes towards men and women in the 24th season of Survivor. The analysis found evidence of the utilization of recognizable stereotypes in order to strengthen the personalities and reliability of the contestants. Both the acknowledgment of gender stereotypes and those of smaller social groups were apparent in the episode. When decoding several signs throughout the episode, there were also indications of the encouragement of traditional gender roles as the norm, and the portrayal of masculinity and femininity were depicted as central parts of established gender roles. Connotation associated with the selected signs seemed to both recognize and operate on gender roles. There was certain evidence that appeared to encourage rivalry between men and women, and suggest a society driven by historical gender roles. This episode of Survivor did not seem to question society’s gender roles, rather encourages them, where certain male dominance over women is evident.
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Sanagan, Mark. "The social construction of militancy in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict : masculinity, femininity and the nation." Thesis, McGill University, 2006. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=99597.
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This thesis examines nationalism and colonialism in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict and asks the questions: What is the relationship between these ideologies and "national narratives" constructed of collective historical memory? How do these ideologies produce recognizable, sexualized, national bodies? What are the defining characteristics of these national bodies and how do they perform roles from the national narratives? These questions are addressed through a discussion of the role of masculinity in modern Zionism and the state of Israel, in particular how it relates to the land of Palestine and the Palestinian "other". This thesis also addresses anti-colonial resistance movements in Palestine and argues that performative nationalism produces a fetishized commodity that can me labeled "militancy". This militancy is found institutionalized in the popular culture of everything from poetry to political posters. Finally, Palestinian female suicide bombers, like women nationalists before them, do little to challenge how specific nationalist acts of resistance are defined by patriarchal nationalists and sexualized within a "gendered space of militancy".
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Cloutier, Kristen Sarah. "Women's Perceptions of Leadership: The Effect of National Cultures and the Dimension of Masculinity/Femininity." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2008. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/USM-CloutierKS2008.pdf.
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Speers, Isabelle S. "Impact of officer race and gender on trust, perceptions of masculinity and femininity, and blame." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2015. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/515.
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Mistrust in law enforcement is a current problem that America is facing. This study examined how officer gender and race influences perceptions of trust, “masculine” and “feminine” attributes, and level of guilt in a scenario depicting potential police brutality. A hundred American adult participants read one of four possible vignettes describing a shooting between a police officer and a n African American male victim. The conditions varied along the two key dimensions of police race and police gender. Thus the study consisted of a 2 (Police Race: Black or White) by 2 (Police Gender: Male or Female) between- participants factorial design. Participants were then asked to rate the degree of officer blame, officer “masculinity” and “femininity”, as well perceptions of trust in the officer. White, male officers are expected to be blamed significantly more than female and African American officers. Trust in female officers is also expected to be significantly higher than in male officers. Male officers are likely to be considered more “masculine” and less “feminine” than female officers.
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Malm, Annica. "Somebody’s gotta wear a pretty skirt : Constructions of masculinity and femininity in modern country music." Thesis, Högskolan Väst, Avd för utbildningsvetenskap och språk, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hv:diva-10541.
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Constructions of masculinity and femininity can be reinforced through written and spoken language, creating stereotypes and inequality between genders. Gender representations in music lyrics have been studied for various genres, but the country music genre has been somewhat underrepresented. Considering the fact that country is seen as the authentic music genre and culture of the US, it is relevant to study how gender is represented in relation to society. The aim of this study is to investigate how masculinity and femininity is represented in 15 modern country songs from the last decade retrieved from Billboard.com. The hypothesis for this study is that modern country music should have a less stereotypical view on men and women than older country music. Critical Discourse Analysis has been used to analyse the lyrics, and metaphors, similes and verbs have been analysed in order to reach the aim. The country music culture has been the framework to interpret the results, as well as the view of femininity and masculinity as social constructions. The findings point to more exaggerated versions of masculinity and more stereotypical depictions of femininity being represented in the lyrics than older research made about country music and gender. Masculinity and femininity are depicted as opposites with clear boundaries set between them. The modern lyrics express a desire to claim authenticity through conservative and stereotypical representations of men and women, using metaphors and verbs that enforces certain norms and assumptions about femininity and masculinity.
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Abdalla, Laila. "Man, woman or monster : some themes of female masculinity and transvestism in the Middle Ages and Renaissance." Thesis, McGill University, 1996. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=41958.
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This dissertation discusses medieval and Renaissance clerical and cultural constructions of femininity and female masculinity, and it analyses the complex relationship between such conceptions and the literary representation of the transvestite woman. Medieval theology legitimated female masculinity as transcendence of temporal sexuality. A woman who contained her affective femininity and replaced it with rational and ascetic behaviour was frequently lauded for having become male in all but body. In the middle of the first millennium, hagiographic legends abounded in which women appear to have embodied the patristic equation between spiritual rationality and masculinity. This dissertation proposes a radically different interpretation: the saint exchanges a sexualised form of femininity--ironically imposed upon her by a male society--for a non sexual but nevertheless feminine self valuation.Early modern culture perceived transvestism in a multiform manner. It signifies monstrosity in the polemical pamphlet, serves to indicate an estimable apex of humanity in Shakespearean comedy, and represents women in roles that range from monstrous disrupter to adept uniter in the works of such other playwrights as Ben Jonson and Thomas Middleton. While the pamphlet's social commentary argues that masculinity rendered a woman monstrously unfeminine, the literature finds ways of interrogating definitions of the sex-gender system in a world which was constantly and fundamentally mutating. The drama employs elements such as inversion, monstrosity and transgressions of class to negotiate a society in flux.
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Berger, Anja. "Entwicklung und Validierung eines Inventars zur Erfassung positiver und negativer Attribute des Geschlechtsrollenselbstkonzepts." Phd thesis, Universität Potsdam, 2010. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2011/5121/.
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Das Geschlechtsrollenselbstkonzept, das sich im Laufe der Sozialisation in Auseinandersetzung mit den vorherrschenden Vorstellungen der umgebenden Kultur entwickelt, steht in Beziehung zu Affekten, Kognitionen und Verhaltensweisen in einer Vielzahl von Bereichen.
Bisherige GSK-Instrumente messen jedoch nahezu ausschließlich den positiven Aspekt von Maskulinität und Femininität. Die Definition des allgemeinen Selbstkonzepts gibt diese Limitierung auf positive Valenz nicht vor, und aus gesundheitspsychologischer Sicht sowie der Gruppenforschung ist die Bedeutung negativer Eigenschaften zur Selbstbeschreibung bekannt.
Vor diesem Hintergrund wurden sieben aufeinander aufbauende Studien durchgeführt mit dem Ziel ein neues Instrument zu entwickeln, deren Items zum einen kulturell aktuellen Eigenschaften zur Selbstbeschreibung entsprechen und zum anderen die Valenzunterschiede dieser Merkmalsbeschreibungen berücksichtigen.
Nach einer kritischen empirischen Überprüfung des deutschen BSRI, um Schwächen der Items ausschließlich positiver Valenz aufzudecken, wurde eine neue Skala entwickelt, die von Beginn an auch negative Selbstbeschreibungen berücksichtigte um der Komplexität des geschlechtlichen Selbst gerecht zu werden. Aufgrund der Einschätzungen zur Typizität und sozialen Erwünschtheit sowie mit ersten Resultaten aus der Selbstbeschreibung wurde die Auswahl der Items für die Teilskalen vorgenommen. In zwei weiteren Studien wurden schließlich die vier neu entwickelten Teilskalen des neuen GSK-Inventars einer Validierung unterzogen. Jeder der Teilskalen wurden theoriegeleitet spezifische Konstrukte zugeordnet und es konnte nachgewiesen werden, dass alle Teilskalen ihren eigenen Beitrag zur Vorhersage psychologischer Konzepte leisten können. So standen beispielsweise die negativen maskulinen Eigenschaften in engerer Beziehung zu Aggressivität und machtbezogenen Werten als die positiven Aspekte der Maskulinität.
Als Ergebnis dieser Entwicklung stehen am Ende vier kurze, unabhängige, reliable Teilskalen, die positive als auch negative Aspekte von Maskulinität und Femininität abbilden und mittels sehr unterschiedlicher psychologischer Erlebens- und Verhaltenskonstrukte validiert wurden, die die Unabhängigkeit der Skalen belegen und diese für einen Einsatz in der Forschung empfehlen.
Die Einführung einer individuellen Wertkomponente im Zuge der Selbstbeschreibung, angelehnt an das bekannte Erwartungs-mal-Wert Modell der Motivations- und Einstellungsforschung, und die daraus mögliche multiplikative Verknüpfung von Selbsteinschätzung und persönlicher Wichtigkeit der Eigenschaften konnten den Aufklärungswert in Bezug auf unterschiedliche Validierungskonstrukte dagegen nicht verbessern und wurden daher nicht ins das Instrument integriert.The gender role self concept - developed throughout one’s socialisation - has strong relations to a number of affects, cognitions and behaviours. Instruments to asses that part of the self have yet only relied on mostly positive aspects of masculinity and femininity. However, the definition of the self concept is not limited to that kind of merely positive valence, and from health psychology as well as group research the relevance of negative traits for self description is known and proven. Hence, in a series of seven studies, new items were developed that reflect actual cultural descriptions of masculinity and femininity including both, traits of positive and negative valence. Following a critical reflection of the German BSRI, to once more identify its weaknesses of positive scales only, four new scales are introduced, based on evaluations of typicality and social desirability. In two studies those four scales were allocated to specific psychological constructs of emotions and behaviours. It was shown that each single scale has its own relevance regarding the gendered self in prediction of validation constructs: negative masculine traits e.g. had a stronger relationship to aggression and power compared to positive aspects of masculinity. The result of that development and validation process are four short, independent, and reliable scales, that reflect positive as well as negative aspects of masculinity and femininity. The introduction of an individual importance measure as part of the self description - comparable to the expectation-value-model in motivation and attitude research - could not add any predictive power in the validation process and therefore will not be included in the final instrument.
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Fisher, Kimberley D. "The press and the framing of military gender and sexuality policies in Britain and the United States." Thesis, University of Essex, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.339228.
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Karlsson, Nordqvist Rebekka. "Gender Roles Via Hedging in Children’s Films." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för humaniora, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-16216.
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Saugeres, Lise. "Representations of femininity and masculinity : gender relations and identities amongst farm families in a French community." Thesis, Manchester Metropolitan University, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.284437.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis is about gender relations and identities among farming families in a community in the Aveyron region in southern France. More particularly, it is about the ways in which women and men in farming families locate themselves in terms of culturally constructed ideas of femininity and masculinity, and ideas of tradition and modernity. This study is carried out from a feminist perspective and draws on feminist and social and cultural geographies as well as other social science disciplines in order to explore the production and reproduction of patriarchal ideologies by which women are maintained in unequal positions to men in farming families, the farming community, and bureaucratic structures.
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Rose, Kveta. "Put those dirty rumours to bed : a discourse analysis of masculinity and femininity in Maxim magazine." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/32319.
Full textAbstract:
Whereas a great deal of attention has been paid to how femininity is constructed
in magazines read by teen girls, little research has focused on how femininity and
masculinity are constructed in magazines read by teen boys. Since in North America
there is not a general interest magazine marketed specifically to teen boys, if teen boys
are interested in reading articles that address topics such as relationships, romance, and
sex, they must choose from one of the general interest magazines marketed to men.
Using poststructuralism and critical discourse analysis, I analyse discourses of
masculinity and femininity in the advice columns of Maxim magazine, the most popular
men's general interest magazine among teen boys in the United States.
My analysis documents that femininity and masculinity are predominantly
associated with being sexually active. However, femininity is also associated with being
faceless, without identity, and having little knowledge of one's own body. Conversely,
masculinity is associated with having a natural intuition regarding a woman's body and
sexual desires, a natural predisposition to objectifying women and engaging in
pornography, and having little concern for practicing safe sex. Additionally, I argue that
there is a great deal of irony in Maxim which relies on subtly promoting entrenched
stereotypes of men and women which may or may not be taken seriously by teen boy
readers. I conclude that girl zines attest to the use of critical media education as an
avenue through which girls and boys can explore alternate modes of masculinity and
femininity and argue that there is a need to involve boys in further research that focuses
on representations of masculinity and femininity in popular media texts.Education, Faculty of
Curriculum and Pedagogy (EDCP), Department of
Graduate
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Lindberg, Per. "Maskulinitet och femininitet som hinder och möjlighet : en kvalitativ studie av genus i skolkuratorns vardag." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för samhällsvetenskaper, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-24121.
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The purpose of this study was to illuminate the everyday work of school counsellors in the City of Stockholm with a gender perspective by studying the school counsellors ́ talk about masculinity and femininity. The aim was to reach an understanding of how parts of the counsellors everyday work are influenced by gender through the perspective of the school counsellor. The study was conducted using qualitative methods. Six school counsellors, five woman and one man, were interviewed. An interview method called thematically open interview was used to identify themes regarding aspects of gender in the school counsellors ́ everyday work. The theoretical perspectives that were applied during analysis were Judith Butlers ́ theory on gender performativity and Mimi Shippers ́ theory on gender hegemony. A qualitative data analysis was conducted using hermeneutic principles for interpretation. The results show that the school counsellors gave femininity and masculinity three different meanings, that gender influenced varying aspects of the counsellors work including the interaction with teachers, pupils, parents and principal and that indications of gender hegemony could be found in the stories told by four of the school counsellors. Further some school counsellors experienced gender as an obstacle to a larger extent than others.Syftet med denna studie var att belysa skolkuratorer i Stockholm stads vardagliga arbete ur ett genusperspektiv genom att studera hur skolkuratorer talar om maskulinitet och femininitet. Målet var att nå kunskap om hur delar av skolkuratorernas vardagliga arbete influeras av genus ur skolkuratorns perspektiv. För att genomföra studien användes kvalitativa metoder. Sex kuratorer intervjuades, fem kvinnor och en man. En Intervjumetod kallad tematiskt öppen intervju användes för att identifiera teman beträffande olika aspekter av genus i skolkuratorernas vardagliga arbete. Under analysen tillämpades Judith Butlers ́ teori om genusperformativitet och Mimi Schippers ́ teori om könshegemoni. En kvalitativ dataanalys genomfördes med hjälp av hermeneutiska tolkningsprinciper. Studiens resultat visar att skolkuratorerna gav femininitet och maskulinitet tre skilda betydelser, att genus influerade olika aspekter av skolkuratorernas arbete inklusive deras interaktion med elever, lärare, föräldrar och rektorer och att det är går att se tecken som tyder på förekomsten av könshegemoni i fyra kuratorers berättelser. Vidare upplevde vissa kuratorer i högre grad än andra kuratorer att genus utgjorde ett hinder i det vardagliga arbetet.
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Karlsson, Fouda Annet. "Looking for the Victorian Man: Signs of Femininity in Oscar Wilde's The Picture of Dorian Gray." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Sektionen för humaniora (HUM), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-21673.
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Schönfeldt, Miranda. "Att döda en mansnorm : Att döda en mansnormJakten ur ett genusperspektiv -den kvinnliga jägaren i den manliga jaktkulturen." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Sociologiska institutionen, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-83150.
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Hunting is considered as the most masculine activity in our society. Historically, man has been described as the provider for his family, this in the forms of hunting and gathering. Today hunting is still associated with a male hunter, but women have started to infiltrate the hunting culture. In this study hunting culture is analyzed with a gender perspective. In a modern society with gender and equality as a big subject of debate it is interesting to examine this impact on a culture so linked with masculinity. By interviewing five female hunters, using a narrative approach and analyzing with gender theory, the results show that a masculine dominance undermines women and femininity in the culture of hunting. The results also show that women have constructed a feminine hunting form as a reaction to the male dominance.
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Gruzdzevičienė, Sandra. "Akademinio jaunimo moteriškumo ir vyriškumo įvaizdžiai (VPU atvejis)." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2011. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2011~D_20110711_140253-72822.
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Tema: Akademinio jaunimo moteriškumo ir vyriškumo įvaizdžiai (VPU atvejis)
Tiriamos temos pagrindimas. Pastaraisiais metais daugiau dėmesio skiriama vyriškumo bei moteriškumo savivokai. Kai kurie stebėtojai mano, kad visuotinės ekonominės bei socialinės transformacijos sukelia vyriškumo bei moteriškumo krizę, kurioje irsta tradiciniai vyrų ir moterų vaidmenys. Lyčių vaidmenys šiuolaikinėje visuomenėje yra labai persipynę – kas tradiciškai priskiriama vyriškiems vaidmenims vis dažniau yra atliekama moterų ir priešingai – vis daugiau vyrų „sumoteriškėja“. Moteriškumas ir vyriškumas turi daug atmainų – būtent tai sukelia sumaištį, prieštaravimus ir lyčių krizę.
Darbo tikslas – Ištirti VPU akademinio jaunimo moteriškumo ir vyriškumo įvaizdžius.. Uždaviniai: Išanalizuoti sociologinę lyties sampratą bei lyčių tapatybės teorijas. Ištirti socialinį kultūrinį lyčių formavimosi teorinius aspektus. Išanalizuoti moteriškumo ir vyriškumo sampratas bei raiškos būdus. Išryškinti lyčių krizę ir vyriškumo bei moteriškumo transformacijas nūdienos visuomenėje.
Tyrimo objektas – Vilniaus pedagoginio universiteto fizinių ir humanitarinių studijų sričių studentų moteriškumo ir vyriško įvaizdžiai.
Tyrimo hipotezės: 1. Jaunimo grupėje socialiai formuojant vyriškumą ne itin daug dėmesio kreipiama į teigiamą emocionalumą (draugiškumą, švelnumą, nuoširdumą). Čia vyrauja hegemoninio (norminio) vyriškumo modelis, kuris apima tokius bruožus kaip finansinė nepriklausomybė, sėkmė, statusas. 2. Formuojant... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]The survey topics justification. In recent years, more attention is paid to male and female consciousness. Some observers believe that the global economic and social transformations of femininity and masculinity caused by the crisis, which led to an erosion of traditional gender roles. Gender roles in modern society are very intertwined - what is traditionally assigned to men's roles are increasingly being carried out in women and vice versa - still more men are "effeminate". Femininity and masculinity are many variations - this is what leads to confusion, contradictions and gender crisis. Aim - Investigate Pedagogical university students femininity and masculinity images .. Objectives: To analyze the sociological concept of gender and gender identity theories. To investigate the socio-cultural aspects of gender formation theory. To analyze the concepts of femininity and masculinity and ways of expression. To highlight the gender crisis of masculinity and femininity and the transformation of modern society. The object of investigation - Vilnius Pedagogical University, physical education and humanities students in fields of female and male images. The study hypotheses: 1. Youth social groups in shaping masculinity is not very much attention to the positive emotionality (friendship, affection, sincerity). The predominance of hegemonic (normative) model of masculinity that includes features such as financial independence, success, status. 2nd Formation of feminine attention paid... [to full text]
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Fick, Linda, and Sofia Nilsson. "Kvinnor och män i reklam : En kvantitativ innehållsanalys om kvinnor och mäns framställning i modemagasin ur ett genusperspektiv." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för medier och journalistik (MJ), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-36727.
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This study is about gender stereotypes that occur in the magazines of ELLE and KING's advertisements in 2014. The purpose of this inquisition is by using a gender perspective to examine the interpretation of women and men, compare how they relate to the traditional gender stereotypes. To answer our purpose of this study, a selection of 400 advertisements were analyzed based on it's content and visual expression. Through a content analysis, we could measure the frequency of 18 variables and put them in relation to each other to grasp the differences that exist between the genders. The results are presented in bar charts based on the variables that proved most interesting outcome between the genders. Our result indicated that ELLE and KING's advertisements relates to many of the traditional gender stereotypes even today.
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Backus, Faedra. "The Relationship Between Cognitive Emotion Regulation and Clinical Symptoms: A Gendered Analysis." Thesis, Boston College, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/3088.
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Thesis advisor: James R. MahalikEpidemiological studies consistently identify markedly higher rates of depression and anxiety in women than in men. Susan Nolen-Hoeksema's (1991) response styles theory posits that women's higher use of rumination contributes to these differences in rates of depression. The purpose of this dissertation was to extend this theory with the inclusion of conformity to gender role norms as a meaningful predictor of women's and men's tendencies to use of a variety of cognitive emotion regulation strategies, including rumination. The current study also sought to examine relationships among cognitive emotion regulation strategies and both depression and anxiety. Adult women and men (N = 754) completed an online survey including measures of conformity to masculine and feminine gender role norms, 10 cognitive emotion regulation strategies (rumination, distraction, self-blame, acceptance, positive refocusing, refocus on planning, positive reappraisal, putting into perspective, catastrophizing, and other-blame), depression, and anxiety. Results of regression analyses indicated that use of particular cognitive emotion regulation strategies predicted levels of depression and anxiety. Specifically, self-blame, rumination, and distraction were associated with higher levels of both depression and anxiety. Other-blame was also associated with higher levels of anxiety. In contrast, acceptance and refocusing on planning were associated with lower anxiety scores. Women were more likely, by a small margin, to endorse use of both rumination and distraction, however, significant sex differences in reported levels of depression and anxiety were not found. Further, conformity to gender role norms did not explain the sex differences that were found in the use of rumination and distraction. Finally, analysis of a structural equation model, designed to examine an extended version of response styles theory, supported the regression findings and provided additional information about the relationships among conformity to gender role norms, cognitive emotion regulation strategies, and symptoms of depression. Implications for clinical practice and suggestions for future research are discussed, including the importance of exploring alternative meaningful components of within-group variability for women and men
Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2013
Submitted to: Boston College. Lynch School of Education
Discipline: Counseling, Developmental, and Educational Psychology
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Almnäs, Lii, and Stina Johansson. "Män har superkrafter & kvinnor har sexappeal : En kvalitativ, jämförande studie ur genusperspektiv." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för medier och journalistik (MJ), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-31489.
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Media has a big impact on our lives and is one of the main channels for people to recieve information. When recieved, the messages creates a meaning for the people that read, hear or see them. In other words, media could be seen as a source for people on how to perceive the world and it gives a certain picture of what is ”normal”. We chose to do this study to get a deeper knowledge of how men and women are being portrayed in a Swedish lifestyle magazine and what messagest that sends out to the readers. In this study we have examined how men and women are being portrayed in the Swedish magazine Café, both in photographs and in text. We have used qualitative, rhetorical and semiotic methods to detect the differences and similarities in the four articles examined. The theoretical framework in this study is mainly based on Laura Mulveys ”The Male Gaze”, Anja Hirdmans theory about homosociality and Anthony Giddens well-known theory about structuration. Also, we have used radical feminism and Judith Butlers theory ”The Heterosexual Matrix”. The main findings show clear differences connected to the typical normative ideas that has long existed for the male and female gender. In the articles examined in this study, men are being described as independent and strong with no need to lean on other people to be successfull. Women on the other hand, are being presented as sensitive, dependent and weak sexual objects. According to the articles, they have no capacity to succeed on their own and their role is merely to please and obey the men. The findings on how the genders are being portrayed, and that men are given the main attention and focus show us that Café doesn´t at all favor the developement for the equality between the two genders. That is an important issue and shows that more research needs to be done within the gender field.
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Suescun, Pozas María del Carmen. "Modern femininity, shattered masculinity : the scandal of the female nude during political crisis in Colombia, 1930-1948." Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=85958.
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This dissertation examines two controversies involving paintings of the female nude by artists Debora Arango and Carlos Correa during a period of political crisis in Bogota (Colombia) in order to open the political to cultural analysis and thus shed light on scenarios of change in the 1930s and 1940s. Unpacking the controversies lends insight into the unique ways in which modernity, the body, its representations, sexuality, gender and politics came together in Colombia during this period. Such an approach also shows that modernity in Colombia involved shifts in religious and secular frames of sense-making and morality. This dissertation argues that the controversies and the female nudes provide a window into the Liberal regime's creation of culture as an autonomous sphere as part of its cultural program, which bridged high and popular culture, as well as on aspects of private life concerned with sexuality and gender. It shows how such changes registered in the lives of the artists and how the artists translated the changes they experienced into modes of pictorial expression. This dissertation argues that the demands of the aesthetic and the demands of politics during this period pressed on each other, resulting in the wide-spread perception of moral breach that came to a head in the "scandals of the female nudes." This dissertation thus sheds light on dimensions of both the political and the private during this period.Because art and politics were thus entangled, this dissertation shows that, in this particular Colombian modernity, society was not polarized, that the private and the private overlapped, that issues of intimacy surfaced in the public realm, and that Catholicism was the idiom shared by men and women who were grappling with change. It shows that the cultural program of the Liberal regime was the immediate referent for criticism in these events and, through it, of the Liberal regime's reforms of education of 1934 and 1936. Finally, it shows that this modernity and its attendant anxieties were played out through the body in the public and the private realms, within, not against, the Catholic tradition, in unprecedented ways. This thesis demonstrates that politics and issues of sexuality and gender were entangled in the public sphere and converged in the female nudes, turning them into a major threat to morality within both religious and secular frameworks. By unpacking the controversies, this dissertation marks a seminal break with historical accounts that describe Colombia's as a failed modernity, its society as polarized, and debates over sexuality and gender as the product of politics. This dissertation also contradicts art historical writings that account for the production of images and the reception of art in this period solely in political terms.
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Kendall, Allen Alexander. ""Queen of Kings": Masculinity and Femininity in the Visual Rhetoric of Cleopatra VII and Augustan Distortions Thereof." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2019. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/7553.
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To address every aspect in which Cleopatra VII asserted her right to rule and maintain the favor of her own subjects and of Rome would be far too large a task for anything less than a book-length treatment. Rather than attempt to address multiple issues, this thesis addresses just one aspect of Cleopatra's political strategy to visualize her legitimacy as ruler: namely a combination of masculine and feminine elements in her iconography. This thesis will then follow the same themes in elements of Cleopatra's visual rhetoric was seized upon by the poets of Augustan Rome, who used it to the opposite effect, making her out to be unfit to rule. In the case of Cleopatra's visual rhetoric, the emphasis shifts in different periods, as Cleopatra adapted her rhetorical strategy to her personal circumstances and her intended audience, at times emphasizing certain masculine elements and at other times focusing on feminine. The Roman authors, on the other hand, see Cleopatra's status in ruler as a usurpation of the masculine rule and therefore monstrous and unspeakable. In order to take the queen and fit her into a Roman world view, they make use of various types of women customary to Classical literature to confine her to a role appropriate”from their perspective"for a woman. In every case, however, gender is used to demonstrate Cleopatra's legitimacy, or perceived lack thereof.
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Bingham, Adrian. "Debating gender : approaches to femininity and masculinity in the popular national daily press in inter-war Britain." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.396090.
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Hjort, Amanda. "Könsroller och Härskartekniker i Twilight : (re)produktion av patriarkalgenusstrukturer genom smäktande kärlekshistoria?" Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Lärarutbildningen, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-16516.
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This essay aims to describe and problematize gender roles and master suppression techniques in Stephenie Meyer’s Twilight Saga. This is done in order to enable me, in my future profession as a teacher, to start an emancipatory discussion in class where pupils can become conscious of different ways of reading the love story. I will use the following two research questions to fulfil the purpose: 1) investigate which gender roles that appears in the book’s main characters Bella and Edward and 2) which master suppression techniques that colours their relationship. To answer the questions gender theory and ideology-critics are used. Gender theory is first and foremost used to analyse gender roles whereas ideology-critics is a method of reading that highlights the importance of taking the society and thereto connected values in to account. Applying these two theories on the book it becomes clear that the main characters follows traditional gender roles for what is seen as typical feminine and masculine behaviour; Bella is caring, passive, sexually loyal, and addicted and Edward is aggressive, physically strong and fast, stubborn, dominant and protective. Further more, it is also evident that these roles are accompanied by a number of master suppression techniques used by Edward, such as: make Bella invisible and silly, keep information from her, and use of violence and threats. By using the knowledge in a pedagogical fashion pupils can be energized to start critically reflecting about these stereotypical roles and thereby emancipate from them. They will realize that Stephenie Meyer’s Twilight Saga is a re-production of patriarchal gender structure through an emotional love story.
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Greshner, Connie Lynne. "Relationships between physical and psychological measures of masculinity, femininity, and androgyny, and performance on sexually dimorphic cognitive tests." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ61434.pdf.
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Nowosenetz, Tessa. "The construction of masculinity and femininity in alcohol advertisements in men's magazines in South Africa a discourse analysis /." Pretoria : [s.n.], 2007. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-09302008-084418.
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Jodamus, Johnathan. "An investigation into the construction(s) and representation(s) of masculinity(ies) and femininity(ies) in 1 Corinthians." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/20265.
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With the use of SRI as an interpretive analytics combined with a gender-critical hermeneutical optic I have traced out some of the ways in which gender is constituted and performed in the discourse of 1 Corinthians. I demonstrate that normative and normalising engendering is operative in the text and that the discourse replicates hegemonic gendered structurings and machinations from the broader social and cultural environment of that milieu. As a result Christian bodies are scripted to perform according to the dominant cultural protocols and engendering praxes. Because Paul is structured by and functions within the larger discourses of the ancient Mediterranean sex and gender system(s), one cannot comprehend the gendered rhetoric of 1 Corinthians without recourse to its interconnections with ancient gender discourses in general. Furthermore, when Paul is engaged in persuasion through the discourse of 1 Corinthians, gender construction(s) and representation(s), because of the nature of gender in the ancient world, is precisely what is at stake. It seems evident that the discourse of 1 Corinthians tendentiously served to maintain and sustain hierarchical gendered relationships between men and women in the church at Corinth that mimicked the normative, androcentric, and kyriarchal power relations from the dominant Graeco-Roman culture. These power dynamics continue to have an effect on many churches today because they understand Scripture to be regulative for Christian practice in our contemporary society in spite of the temporal and cultural separation of our world from that of the world of the New Testament. As a result contemporary churches reproduce gendered power relations that have been established in habitus which in turn enables replicated gendered structurings in society. In this regard the rhetoric of 1 Corinthians may be viewed as a text that functions as discourse in the making and sustaining of gendered and ideological normativities that continue to structure gendered bodies and bodiliness. It should be kept in mind that the structuredness of habitus came into being as the product of reiteration and sedimenting, and its dismantling similarly will come about as a result of reiteration.
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Hill, Christie D. "Effects of Meal Size and Type, and Level of Physical Activity on Perceived Masculinity, Femininity, Likability and Attractiveness." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1994. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc279273/.
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Previous research indicates that women are judged on the amount of food eaten and that both men and women are judged on the type of food eaten. This study is an attempt to determine whether meal size or type predominantly accounts for these findings on the variables of masculinity, femininity, attractiveness, thinness, fitness, and likability. Physical activity was also included to determine its effect on these variable. Subjects used were 313 undergraduate students. Results indicate that meal type is more influential than meal size and that physical activity significantly influences judgements of others. The results are discussed in terms of future research and relatedness to socio-cultural theories of eating disorders.
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Baroody, Ahmed. "Watching anime, doing gender : hegemonic masculinity, sexual modesty, and the gendered consumption practices and preferences of Kuwaiti anime fans." Thesis, https://doors.doshisha.ac.jp/opac/opac_link/bibid/BB13153219/?lang=0, 2021. https://doors.doshisha.ac.jp/opac/opac_link/bibid/BB13153219/?lang=0.
Full textAbstract:
This dissertation traces the circulation and consumption of Japanese anime, or Anime, in Kuwait to examine the changing consciousness of normativity regarding gender and sexuality for audiences and fans. Anime has been distributed and accessible since the 1970s in Kuwait. Nonetheless, with the advent of "New Anime" after the 2000s, the audience has widely accepted characters and protagonists that deviate from the existing representational practices portraying active men and passive women. Drawing from gender and sexualities studies, media and anime studies, Antonio Gramsci's theory of hegemony as well as Raewyn Connell's theory on masculinities, this study critically investigates "hegemonic masculinities" in Kuwaiti society to argue the ways in which the reception and practices of Anime help to erode them.博士(アメリカ研究)
Doctor of Philosophy in American Studies
同志社大学
Doshisha University
50
Hansson, Josefina. "The Hidden Femininity of The Hobbit : the Gendering of Bilbo Baggins." Thesis, Högskolan Kristianstad, Fakulteten för lärarutbildning, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-20726.
Full textAbstract:
This essay argues that the protagonist of The Hobbit, Bilbo Baggins can be considered to be a female character in a male form. By applying feminist literary criticism this essay map out the traditional gender roles in society along with the traditional gender roles in Middle Earth in order to investigate Bilbo’s female characteristics, the similarities between him and women in patriarchal society as well as the female imagery present in The Hobbit. The results show that Bilbo Baggins’ characteristics such as emotionality, sensitivity and compassion corresponds more to the traditional female gender norms than that of the male gender norms. The results also indicate the similarities between Bilbo’s experiences and that of women in a patriarchal society, such as the attention to being respectable and difficulties working in a male-dominated field.