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Journal articles on the topic 'Masonry FRP strengthening arches and vaults'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 9 March 2023

Last updated: 19 July 2025

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Fabbrocino, Francesco, Antonio Formisano, Ernesto Grande, and Gabriele Milani. "Bond Mechanism of FRPs Externally Applied to Curved Masonry Structures: Experimental Outcomes and Numerical Modeling." Key Engineering Materials 817 (August 2019): 105–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.817.105.

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The studies contained in the current literature particularly emphasize the importance of the role of the local bond mechanism on the global performance of fiber reinforced polymer systems (FRPs) employed for the strengthening and the rehabilitation of structures. Nevertheless, although several applications of FRPs involve curved masonry structures (arches, vaults, domes, etc.), the bond mechanism of FRPs applied on masonry samples with curved substrates is a topic still scarcely investigated and the actual guidelines do not provide specific design formulas. The aim of the present paper is to analyze the main features characterizing the bond behavior of FRPs externally applied to masonry specimens with a curved substrate configuration throughout a simple modeling approach based on the interface concept. Particular consideration is devoted to the development of suitable constitutive laws for the FRP/masonry interface. Considering case studies derived from the current literature, consisting of shear-lap bond tests of curved masonry specimens characterized by different curvatures of the bonded surface and different strengthening configurations, numerical analyses are carried out in order to emphasize the ability of the model to capture the bond behavior of FRP applied on curved masonry substrates.

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Calabrese, Angelo Savio, Pierluigi Colombi, and Tommaso D'Antino. "A Bending Test Set-Up for the Investigation of the Bond Properties of FRCM Strengthenings Applied to Masonry Substrates." Key Engineering Materials 817 (August 2019): 149–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.817.149.

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Existing masonry and reinforced concrete structures are characterized by a wide use of structural and non-structural masonry members such as structural walls, infill walls, arches, vaults etc. All these members are characterized by high vulnerability when subjected to seismic events, since unreinforced masonry has a negligible tensile strength. The use of fiber reinforced polymers (FRP) composites has become a common practice and it represents a light-weight, easy, fast, and non-invasive solution for rehabilitation of existing masonry structures. Fabric reinforced cementitious matrix (FRCM) are relatively newly developed composite materials, representing a valid alternative to FRP in strengthening and retrofitting of existing reinforced concrete and masonry structures. Despite of the numerous advantages guaranteed by the inorganic matrix, the bond-behavior between the fibers and the embedding matrix is still under investigation. Different set-ups have been proposed in the literature to study the bond behavior of FRCM composites. Among them, single-and double-lap shear tests are the most commonly used. In this paper, the bond behavior of a polyparaphenylene benzobisoxazole (PBO) FRCM composite applied to masonry elements is studied using a bending and a single-lap shear test set-up. The bond capacities obtained by the two set-ups are analyzed and discussed.

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Micelli, Francesco. "Applications of innovative composite materials for seismic strengthening of masonry structures." Alternativas 17, no. 3 (2017): 129–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.23878/alternativas.v17i3.222.

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Masonry buildings are prone to brittle collapses under seismic forces due to their fragility and low capacity to resist against cyclic actions. In most cases failures occur in forms of rigid collapses due to loss of equilibrium of entire structural parts, and this is due to low quality of structural detailing or horizontal forces due to vaults and arches that increase their intensity during earthquakes.The entire architectural heritage is represented by masonry construction, also in seismic areas, thus a mandatory issue consists of preserving the historical value against natural events such as earthquakes. In the last years new materials were employed as strengthening systems for structural purposes, and composite materials are those that have found a large field of application in this context. New structural solutions for seismic strengthening and retrofit are presented in the paper, with reference to real applications in which composite materials demonstrated to be effective solutions.The applications will be presented with reference to two historical masonry buildings, having different construction schemes; in which pre tensioned FRP wires were designed and applied as ties. The use of FRP wires for the first building was studied with reference to the existing cracking problems, which were investigated by means of non-destructive techniques, visual inspections and local destructive tests. The second case reports a study of seismic vulnerability for a large building used as theatre, in which a global analysis was accompanied by kinematic analyses that were run under linear and non- linear approaches. The results of the analyses allowed understanding the possible failure mechanisms that needed to be inhibited by an effective structural strengthening system. Also in this case the use of FRP pre-tensioned wires, about 40 m long, demonstrate to be the most effective structural device in terms of costs and speed of application.The seismic analyses (global and local) will be illustrated and discussed in the paper, with reference to the experimental tests that were necessary for the characterization of the material properties. The results will show how the presence of the FRP system is able to prevent possible collapses of the high walls that are present in the building.

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Angiolilli, Michele, Amedeo Gregori, and Marco Vailati. "Lime-Based Mortar Reinforced by Randomly Oriented Short Fibers for the Retrofitting of the Historical Masonry Structure." Materials 13, no. 16 (2020): 3462. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13163462.

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Recent seismic events prompted research to develop innovative materials for strengthening and repair of both modern and historic masonry constructions (buildings, bridges, towers) and structural components (walls, arches and vaults, pillars, and columns). Strengthening solutions based on composite materials, such as the Fiber Reinforced Polymers (FRP) or the Fiber Reinforced Cementitious Matrix (FRCM), have been increasingly considered in the last two decades. Despite reinforcement made of short-fibers being a topic that has been studied for several years from different researchers, it is not yet fully considered for the restoration of the masonry construction. This work aims to experimentally investigate the enhancement of the mechanical properties of lime-based mortar reinforced by introducing short glass fibers in the mortar matrix with several contents and aspect ratios. Beams with dimensions of 160 mm × 40 mm × 40 mm with a central notch were tested in three-point bending configuration aiming to evaluate both the flexural strength and energy fracture of the composite material. Then, the end pieces of the broken beams were tested in Brazilian and compressive tests. All the tests were performed by a hydraulic displacement-controlled testing machine. Results highlight that the new composite material ensures excellent ductility capacity and it can be considered a promising alternative to the classic fiber-reinforcing systems.

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Borri, Antonio, Giulio Castori, and Marco Corradi. "Strengthening of Thin Masonry Arches." Key Engineering Materials 624 (September 2014): 51–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.624.51.

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The innovative technique here illustrated is the result of historical evolution of an ancient system of reinforcing tiled vaults belonging to the constructive Spanish tradition. Such a traditional technique consists in the lamination of flat rectangular tiles or thin bricks into thin vaults known as boveda tabicada. Since the use of modern technologies may improve the mechanical performance of the traditional materials, the core of the proposed strengthening system is based on the idea of combining the peculiar features of tabicada technique with the good tensile properties of composite materials. More in detail, it is possible to obtain reinforced masonry vaults or arches by overlapping different layers of tiles or thin bricks and laminates, embedded within an hydraulic mortar, so that the entire assembly may act as a single structural unit. Eighteen prototypes of tiled arches were tested under a monotonic vertical load applied at the keystone. The influence of the types of reinforcement, number of layers and properties of hydraulic mortar has been investigated. Laboratory outcomes are presented and discussed in the paper considering mechanical behavior of specimens and axial stress-axial strain relationships.

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Alecci, Valerio, Francesco Focacci, Luisa Rovero, Gianfranco Stipo, Giovanni Mantegazza, and Mario de Stefano. "FRCM Composites for Strengthening of Brick Masonry Arches." Key Engineering Materials 747 (July 2017): 174–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.747.174.

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This paper examines the structural behavior of masonry arches strengthened at the intrados with fabric reinforced cementitions matrix (FRCM) composites. Textiles made of poliparafenilenbenzobisoxazole (PBO) and carbon fibers are considered. The experimental results are compared with those obtained on un-strengthened arches and arches strengthened with a carbon fiber reinforced polymer (C-FRP) composite. The tested arches are analyzed with the approach of the limit analysis of the collapse mechanisms.

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Ramaglia, Giancarlo, Gian Piero Lignola, Francesco Fabbrocino, and Andrea Prota. "Numerical Modelling of Masonry Barrel Vaults Reinforced with Textile Reinforced Mortars." Key Engineering Materials 747 (July 2017): 11–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.747.11.

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Among masonry buildings characterized by a complex architecture, a significant portion is represented by heritage buildings. A significant seismic vulnerability is due to the presence of thrusting elements like as arches and vaults. Their ultimate capacity can be improved by means of several strengthening techniques. However the advantages of using Textile Reinforced Mortars (TRM) are well highlighted in the scientific literature.The present work focuses on ultimate behaviour of masonry barrel vaults, in the framework of incremental analysis, including the strengthening effect. The analytical model is compared in terms of ultimate capacity and failure mode with a full scale masonry barrel vault dynamically tested. After the first tests, the vault has been strengthened with Textile Reinforced Mortar (TRM) and tested again.

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Baratta, Alessandro, and Ottavia Corbi. "Closed-form solutions for FRP strengthening of masonry vaults." Computers & Structures 147 (January 2015): 244–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruc.2014.09.007.

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Latifi, Reza, Marijana Hadzima-Nyarko, Dorin Radu, and Rahimeh Rouhi. "A Brief Overview on Crack Patterns, Repair and Strengthening of Historical Masonry Structures." Materials 16, no. 5 (2023): 1882. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16051882.

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Given that a significant fraction of buildings and architectural heritage in Europe’s historical centers are masonry structures, the selection of proper diagnosis, technological surveys, non-destructive testing, and interpretations of crack and decay patterns is paramount for a risk assessment of possible damage. Identifying the possible crack patterns, discontinuities, and associated brittle failure mechanisms within unreinforced masonry under seismic and gravity actions allows for reliable retrofitting interventions. Traditional and modern materials and strengthening techniques create a wide range of compatible, removable, and sustainable conservation strategies. Steel/timber tie-rods are mainly used to support the horizontal thrust of arches, vaults, and roofs and are particularly suitable for better connecting structural elements, e.g., masonry walls and floors. Composite reinforcing systems using carbon, glass fibers, and thin mortar layers can improve tensile resistance, ultimate strength, and displacement capacity to avoid brittle shear failures. This study overviews masonry structural diagnostics and compares traditional and advanced strengthening techniques of masonry walls, arches, vaults, and columns. Several research results in automatic surface crack detection for unreinforced masonry (URM) walls are presented considering crack detection based on machine learning and deep learning algorithms. In addition, the kinematic and static principles of Limit Analysis within the rigid no-tension model framework are presented. The manuscript sets a practical perspective, providing an inclusive list of papers describing the essential latest research in this field; thus, this paper is useful for researchers and practitioners in masonry structures.

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Theodossopoulos, Dimitris, James Sanderson, and Michael Scott. "Strengthening Masonry Cross Vaults Damaged by Geometric Instability." Key Engineering Materials 624 (September 2014): 635–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.624.635.

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Cross vaults can be easily destabilised when their thrusts are not sufficiently contained by the stiffness of their lateral walls or systems of buttresses. A quarter-scale model from the aisles of Holyrood Abbey church in Edinburgh, which collapsed in 1768 due to excessive load from diaphragm walls that substituted the original roof trusses, demonstrated earlier the pattern of cracks that leads to failure under horizontal spread of supports. A recent model of this vault aimed to study the effects of applying Aramid fibre reinforcement against such failure exactly at the critical cracks, compared to other tests that studied arches or vaults under point load, reinforced continuously. The paper presents how the quality of certain areas of the fabric diverted failure from the longitudinal vertex merging with the detachment of the ribs, as originally observed. Moreover, the repair allowed the vault to resist 50% more spread of its supports, and failure occurred ultimately when new cracks formed in parallel to the repaired ones. The tests and repairs validate qualitative observations on crack patterns and failure of real cases and highlight the benefits and limitations when specific repairs are made instead of wholesome application of a reinforcing mesh at the extrados of vaults.

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Bertolesi, Elisa, Francesco Fabbrocino, Antonio Formisano, Ernesto Grande, and Gabriele Milani. "FRP-Strengthening of Curved Masonry Structures: Local Bond Behavior and Global Response." Key Engineering Materials 747 (July 2017): 134–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.747.134.

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The aim of the paper is to propose and assess the reliability of a modeling strategy which combines the homogenization of the masonry material and the use of zero-thickness interface elements. This strategy is specifically proposed for numerically investigating the structural response of FRP-reinforced curved masonry structures. Indeed, in order to consider the influence of the geometry curvature of the masonry substrate on the local bond behavior of the FRP-strengthening system, bond-slip laws which specifically account for the geometric curvature of the substrate are introduced at the FRP/substrate interface layer. Numerical analyses concerning masonry arches selected from the current literature are presented in the paper in order to assess the reliability of the proposed modelling approach.

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Incerti, Andrea, Mattia Santandrea, Christian Carloni, and Claudio Mazzotti. "Destructive In Situ Tests on Masonry Arches Strengthened with FRCM Composite Materials." Key Engineering Materials 747 (July 2017): 567–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.747.567.

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In the last few decades, fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) composites have been widely employed in several strengthening and rehabilitation applications of existing masonry buildings. Fiber reinforced cementitious matrix (FRCM) composites are a newly-developed strengthening technique comprised of high strength fibers embedded in a cementitious matrix. FRCMs usually offer several advantages such as the high resistance to fire and high temperatures or vapor permeability with masonry substrate, therefore they appear to be a promising alternative to traditional FRP strengthening systems. In this experimental work, the results of destructive in situ tests performed on existing masonry arches strengthened with FRCM composites are reported. FRCM strips consist of a balanced bi-axial mesh made of basalt fibers embedded in a cementitious grout. Three different configurations of the strengthening system have been considered. Load responses and failure modes are presented.

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Galassi, Stefano. "Analysis of masonry arches reinforced with FRP sheets: experimental results and numerical evaluations." MATEC Web of Conferences 207 (2018): 01002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201820701002.

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In recent years fiber-reinforced polymers (FRP) have been widely used for strengthening masonry structures. In particular, in the case of masonry arches, the use of FRP sheets increases load-bearing capacity by limiting or preventing the occurrence of tensile cracks that could activate collapse mechanisms. The effectiveness of the strengthening intervention depends on the bond between FRP and substrate, due to the shear and normal stresses that occur in the bond interface, so much so that the typical failure mode of an arch reinforced with narrow FRP sheets at the intrados is exactly delamination. In this paper a predictive numerical procedure of the combined mode I and mode II failure is proposed. Numerical results provided by this procedure are compared to the experimental results on in-scale arch models taken from a recent work of the author.

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De Lorenzis, Laura, Rossana Dimitri, and Antonio La Tegola. "Reduction of the lateral thrust of masonry arches and vaults with FRP composites." Construction and Building Materials 21, no. 7 (2007): 1415–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2006.07.009.

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Bertolesi, Elisa, Gabriele Milani, Francesca Giulia Carozzi, and Carlo Poggi. "Ancient masonry arches and vaults strengthened with TRM, SRG and FRP composites: Numerical analyses." Composite Structures 187 (March 2018): 385–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2017.12.021.

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Carozzi, Francesca Giulia, Carlo Poggi, Elisa Bertolesi, and Gabriele Milani. "Ancient masonry arches and vaults strengthened with TRM, SRG and FRP composites: Experimental evaluation." Composite Structures 187 (March 2018): 466–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2017.12.075.

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Scacco, Jacopo, and Gabriele Milani. "Modelling of Curved Masonry Elements Reinforced with TRM: From a Detailed to a Simplified Approach." Key Engineering Materials 916 (April 7, 2022): 214–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-r71l0o.

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Numerical modeling of curved masonry structures reinforced with TRM can be particularly demanding. Indeed, several failure typologies can be encountered when a masonry element is reinforced with this strengthening solution. In the case of arches and vaults, the curvature itself complicates furtherly a correct prediction. The paper wants to provide a reasonable way to model numerically curved masonry structures reinforced with TRM and explore the advantages and detriments of advanced simulation and simplified approaches. At first, an advanced micro-modeling is applied to an arch reinforced at the extrados. Then, the same approach is applied to a limited portion of the same arch and numerical lap shear tests are performed. Finally, a simplified model equipped with a set of truss elements is proposed.

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Malena, Marialaura, Stefano de Santis, Bartolomeo Pantò, and Gianmarco de Felice. "A Closed-Form Analytical Solution to the Debonding of SRG on Curved Masonry Substrate." Key Engineering Materials 747 (July 2017): 313–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.747.313.

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Steel Reinforced Grout composites have become a popular technique for strengthening masonry arches and vaults. The SRG composites are Ultra High Tensile Strength Steel unidirectional textiles applied to masonry substrate by mean of inorganic mortar. The weakness of SRG-masonry joints is the debonding at the matrix fibers interface during the stresses transfer process. In the case of arches and vaults the interface bond properties are also affected by the curved geometry of the substrate. In this work, a closed-form analytical solution to the debonding process of a thin plate bonded on a rigid substrate with constant curvature is proposed. The work provides an upgrade of the model previous prosed by the authors (Malena and de Felice 2014). In the present work the substrate curvature is such that the normal stresses arising at the interface are tensile, as in the case of reinforcing systems applied to the intrados of a masonry arch (Malena and de Felice 2014), or compressive as for reinforcing systems applied to the extrados of a masonry arch. The proposed model describes the interfacial stresses transfer mechanism in the framework of fracture mechanics by two laws describing the behavior in normal (pure opening mode: Mode I) and in tangential (in plane shear mode: Mode II) directions. The coupling deriving from curvature is introduced directly in the cohesive laws describing the bond properties. The outcomes of the proposed predictive model are validated by comparing them with the results derived from an experimental campaign of bond tests on straight and curved substrates made of bricks assembled with mortar and strengthened with SRG.

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Vintzileou, Elizabeth, Charalambos Mouzakis, Lucia Karapitta, and Androniki Miltiadou-Fezans. "Shake-Table Testing of a Cross Vault." Buildings 12, no. 11 (2022): 1984. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12111984.

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Domes, vaults and arches are structural components of high vulnerability, due to the horizontal component of the thrust they impose to the supporting vertical elements (piers or walls), accentuated by the asymmetry of loading due to seismic actions. In order to explore the possibilities of reducing this vulnerability, a cross vault made of brickwork and supported by two stone masonry walls was tested on the earthquake simulator. A series of seismic tests was performed to the specimen at its as-built state, as well as after strengthening using techniques adequate for monuments, namely, grouting of piers, arrangement of struts/ties at the base of the cross vault and vertical prestressing of the masonry piers. The tests have confirmed the vulnerability of the original specimen, as well as the improvement of its behavior after strengthening, in terms of sustained maximum base acceleration, deformations and observed damage.

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Pantò, Bartolomeo, Marialaura Malena, and Gianmarco de Felice. "Non-Linear Modeling of Masonry Arches Strengthened with FRCM." Key Engineering Materials 747 (July 2017): 93–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.747.93.

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Recent seismic events, such as the Central Italy (2016), the Emilia (2012) and L’Aquila (2009) earthquake, have demonstrated the high vulnerability of cultural heritage represented by historical and monumental buildings. These structures are often characterized by the presence of elements with a curved geometry such as arches and vaults, which interact with the vertical elements (walls or columns) during the earthquake motion, producing a significant effect on the seismic response of the entire structure. Aiming at the reduction of the seismic vulnerability of curved masonry elements, several techniques of reinforcing based on composite fiber materials, have been recently developed and widely investigated by means of experimental tests and numerical simulations. The using of fiber reinforced systems, applied through cementitious mortar (FRCM), is becoming a very common technique of retrofitting for historical and monumental masonry buildings. This technique, if compared to the using of fiber polymeric materials (FRP), is more compatible with the mechanical properties of the masonry and more appropriate with the preservation needs of cultural heritage, associated to the historical constructions. A discrete macro-modeling approach, already available in the literature for modeling masonry structures with plane and curved geometry, is here employed to predict the non-linear behaviour of masonry arches strengthened with FRCM. In that approach the reinforcement is explicitly modeled by using a rigid plate, while the interaction between the reinforcement and the masonry support is governed by a discrete zero thickness interface. In this paper the interfacial behavior is updated with a more sophisticated bond-slip constitutive law specifically conceived for FRCM reinforcement within the framework of fracture mechanics; in particular the proposed calibration takes into account both the pure opening mode (mode I) and the in plane shear mode (mode II). The obtained numerical results are compared with an analytical closed form solution of the problem and validated by mean of experimental tests on prototypes, available in the literature.

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Yuan, Yu, and Gabriele Milani. "A Simplified Analytical Model for FRP-Strengthened Curved Brittle Substrates Using the Multi-Linear Bond-Slip Law." Buildings 13, no. 10 (2023): 2579. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings13102579.

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The utilization of fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites for building reinforcement has gained widespread acceptance. However, the bond behavior between externally applied composites and strengthened substrates, which are crucial for system efficacy, has primarily focused on flat surfaces. Yet, the challenge of curved substrates, common in masonry arches and vaults, remains less explored. This study introduces a classical analytical model addressing the bond behavior between FRP plates and curved substrates. This classical approach is structured upon a simplified model that concentrates all the non-linearities of the FRP–substrate interface. The interface is described through a universal multi-linear stress–slip relationship, with the influence of the curved substrate being considered by the normal stress that impacts the interface law. Closed-form solutions for distinct bond-slip law stages are derived and verified against the previous study. Through comparisons with existing experimental data and simulations, this approach is able to predict the maximum load, the trends of the global load-slip curves, and give insights into detailed local behavior. Additionally, the exploration of employing neural networks for determining the interface law exhibits promising outcomes.

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ORLOVICH, R. B., S. S. ZIMIN, and V. N. DERKACH. "THE EFFICIENCY OF REINFORCING STONE VAULTS WITH COMPOSITE MATERIALS." Building and reconstruction 100, no. 2 (2022): 44–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.33979/2073-7416-2022-100-2-44-54.

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The stone vaults of historical buildings are considered, which, due to a decrease in bearing capacity, require repair and restoration work. An analysis is given of the mechanisms of destruction of cylindrical vaults depending on the ratio of their height to the span. The advantages of strengthening the vaults with the help of reinforcement with composite materials are analyzed. A description is given of the technology of surface reinforcement of stone structures using composite materials on a polymer cement matrix FRCM (Fiber Reinforced Cementitious Matrix). The technique of experimental studies of models of reinforced and non-reinforced vaults is given. On the basis of the experiment, it is shown that the effectiveness of the reinforcement of the vaults is determined by the features of their stress-strain state and failure mechanisms. In particular, the effectiveness of reinforcement increases with an increase in the ratio of the height of the vaults to its span. These results are substantiated by the fact that in high arches the ratio of bending moments and longitudinal forces is dominant, and in the case of flat arches, longitudinal and transverse forces dominate in their sections, and destruction occurs in the form of shearing along inclined sections. Also, the effectiveness of reinforcement increases with their asymmetric loading relative to the middle of the span. According to the results of the study, graphs of the dependence of the maximum vertical displacements of the vaults were constructed, showing a significant effect of reinforcement on increasing their rigidity. In addition, it is emphasized that by now there is a need for a stable theory of the strength of complex stone structures - curvilinear, vaulted and others that are in a complex stress state. Its appearance can significantly simplify and unify the calculations made when examining stone buildings, drawing up projects for their restoration and reconstruction, and solve the problems of the strength of the masonry of modern facade systems.

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Bovo, Marco, Claudio Mazzotti, and Marco Savoia. "Structural Behaviour of Historical Stone Arches and Vaults: Experimental Tests and Numerical Analyses." Key Engineering Materials 628 (August 2014): 43–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.628.43.

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Recent seismic events showed the dramatic need, especially in case of historical and existing buildings, of important strengthening activities to be carried out. In order to properly design them, a careful assessment of real structural behaviour and load-carrying capacity of these buildings is strongly required. This is particularly important when dealing with constructions made of heterogeneous materials like masonry or stonework, where often conventional analysis techniques do not behave satisfactorily. This paper presents the results of an extensive experimental and numerical investigation on historical stone arches and vaults. A series of in-situ tests were carried out on different types of stone arches belonging to a large building of the XIX century, with the purpose of investigating their mechanical response and obtaining the structural behaviour of stonework under different types of in-plane loads. The experimental results were compared with the numerical solutions obtained by a detailed finite element model of a portion of the structure. Numerical linear and non-linear FE analyses were conducted in order to reproduce the experimental tests and analyse the interaction between series of arches that are linked by cross vault or tunnel vault. Finally, non-linear analyses with vertical and horizontal loads were carried out with the scope of simulating the seismic effect and to verify the ductility of this type of vaulted structures.

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Stockdale, Gabriel, and Gabriele Milani. "FE Model Predicting the Load Carrying Capacity of Progressive FRP Strengthening of Masonry Arches Subjected to Settlement Damage." Key Engineering Materials 747 (July 2017): 128–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.747.128.

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The retrofitting of masonry structures subject to differential foundation settlements is both an important and a highly challenging practice. Especially in the consideration of historical monuments, this challenge requires a strategic balance between providing the necessary modifications to ensure public safety while maintaining the integrity of the original structure. The use of strategically placed composite materials such as fiber reinforced polymers (FRPs) provides the potential to remove this dilemma and both preserve heritage while introducing a modern level of safety. This work studies, from an advanced FE point of view, a progressive reinforcement strategy to both strengthen and control the failure mechanism for masonry arches with an existing state of damage induced from a vertical differential abutment settlement. A heterogeneous FE approach of a semi-circular block and mortar arch on settled supports is examined. In this model a damage plasticity behavior is assigned to the mortar joints to allow for the hinge formations. Then utilizing the Italian CNR Recommendations for externally bonded FRP systems and the Abaqus birth and death approach, FRPs are introduced and strategically placed onto the settled support model after the initial hinge development. Finally, the structural behavior of the reinforced and unreinforced models are examined for an applied horizontal acceleration at a fixed support displacement.

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Anania, Laura, Antonio Badalà та Giuseppe D’Agata. "The post strengthening of the masonry vaults by the Ω-Wrap technique based on the use of C-FRP". Construction and Building Materials 47 (жовтень 2013): 1053–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2013.05.012.

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Tarhan, İsmail Hakkı, Nathanaël Savalle, Habib Uysal, Luis C. M. da Silva, and Paulo B. Lourenço. "Seismic Capacity of Unstrengthened and FRP Strengthened Masonry Arches: Tilting Test and Nonlinear Numerical Analysis." Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics, December 23, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.4294.

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ABSTRACTCultural heritage preservation requires a deeper understanding of their seismic response and imposes the use of effective strengthening methods. Fibre‐reinforced polymers (FRP) have emerged as an effective solution for strengthening masonry structural elements. The decision over the optimal configuration for a FRP‐based strengthening is a trade‐off between different objective functions such as strength, inelastic stiffness and cost. Although some studies have explored design alternatives and topology optimisation, experimental investigation remains limited, especially regarding the evaluation of seismic response. This study investigates the seismic capacity of unstrengthened and strengthened mortared–masonry arches through tilting table experiments and numerical simulations. The optimal strengthening arrangement is obtained through topology optimisation, and experimental results demonstrate its performance. A three‐dimensional numerical model, following a macro‐modelling approach through the so‐called concrete damage plasticity material model, is adopted. Numerical results are validated with existing literature and experimental data. A parametric study is conducted for full‐scale arches to evaluate the effect of dimensions and the embrace angle of masonry arches. The study reveals that the numerical model successfully replicates masonry arches' nonlinear behaviour and hinge mechanism. In addition, both experimental and numerical results highlight the effectiveness of optimised strengthening placement achieved through topology optimisation.

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Zlámal, Martin, and Petr Štěpánek. "Strengthening of Arched Masonry Structures by Additional Reinforcement: Design Approaches and Comparison to Experiments." Baltic Journal of Road and Bridge Engineering 13, no. 3 (2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.7250/bjrbe.2018-13.419.

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The primary aim of this article is to present design approaches for calculating the additional strengthening of masonry arches with the use of the Strut-and-Tie model and applicable standards and their comparison to the experiments. Experiments have proven the functionality of the described method of strengthening by additional inserted non-prestressed reinforcement from the face of the vault. The presented method is one of the methods of maintaining historical vaulted masonry structures, and is also used to improve the behaviour of newly designed masonry structures. This method of strengthening has its advantages, especially in the minimization of alterations to the structure and its simplicity of application. To compare the results and verify the vaults behaviour, experiments were performed with using a metallic helical reinforcement and non-metallic composite glass reinforcement. These experiments have demonstrated the significant influence of additional reinforcement on the carrying capacity of masonry vaults. The growth of bearing capacity was more than eight-fold. From a comparison of design approaches to experiments is evident that approaches to the design of additionally strengthened masonry based on valid standards are possible. The comparison of results moreover demonstrates the possibility of using approaches based on the Strut-and-Tie model.

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Hakkı Tarhan, İsmail, and Habib Uysal. "Topology Optimization of the FRP for Strengthening of Masonry Barrel Vaults." Engineering Failure Analysis, June 2023, 107390. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.engfailanal.2023.107390.

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