Academic literature on the topic 'Masonry, pushover analysis, historical building'
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Journal articles on the topic "Masonry, pushover analysis, historical building"
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Tomar, Anshu, Dilip Kumar Paul, and Pankaj Agarwal. "Correlation Between Computed Stress Response and Observed Damage of a Heritage Masonry Building." Journal of Earthquake and Tsunami 12, no. 01 (March 2018): 1850002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793431118500021.
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There is a large number of historical brick masonry buildings vulnerable worldwide against seismic forces and required to be safeguarded. Therefore, a need arises for developing a cost-efficient and easily executable retrofitting strategy. To serve this purpose, a massive historical lime mortar brick masonry building: Forest Research Institute Dehradun has been analyzed in an uncracked form. A multifaceted assessment in the form of historical investigation about the building, geometrical reconnaissance survey, foundation soil characterization has been done. Material identification by means of laboratory testing, surveys and the literature indications has been carried out prior to numerical structural assessment. The structural assessment was carried out by using finite element method with masonry non-linearity defined by proper constitutive assumptions. The non-linear static pushover analysis has been carried out and the results were compared with existing in situ cracked conditions prevailing in the building. Comparisons of the expected seismic demand of uncracked structure with in situ existing damages were close which validated the damage to be seismically induced and confirm the vulnerability of such buildings to pervasive damages and a possibility of collapse against seismic loading.
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Nikolić, Željana, Luka Runjić, Nives Ostojić Škomrlj, and Elena Benvenuti. "Seismic Vulnerability Assessment of Historical Masonry Buildings in Croatian Coastal Area." Applied Sciences 11, no. 13 (June 28, 2021): 5997. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11135997.
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(1) Background: The protection of built heritage in historic cities located in seismically active areas is of great importance for the safety of inhabitants. Systematic care and planning are necessary to detect the seismic vulnerability of buildings, in order to determine priorities in rehabilitation projects and to continuously provide funds for the reconstruction of the buildings. (2) Methods: In this study, the seismic vulnerability of the buildings in the historic center of Kaštel Kambelovac, a Croatian settlement located along the Adriatic coast, has been assessed through an approach based on the calculation of vulnerability indexes. The center consists of stone masonry buildings built between the 15th and 19th centuries. The seismic vulnerability method was derived from the Italian GNDT approach, with some modifications resulting from the specificity of the buildings in the investigated area. A new damage–vulnerability–peak ground acceleration relation was developed using the vulnerability indexes and the yield and collapse accelerations of buildings obtained through non-linear static analysis. (3) Results: A seismic vulnerability map, critical peak ground accelerations for early damage and collapse states, and damage index maps for two return periods have been predicted using the developed damage curves. (4) Conclusions: The combination of the vulnerability index method with non-linear pushover analysis is an effective tool for assessing the damage of a building stock on a territorial scale.
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Cundari, G. A., G. Milani, G. Failla, F. Nucera, and A. Santini. "Two-Step Pushover Analysis of an Ancient Masonry Oil-Mill in the Southern Italy." Advanced Materials Research 133-134 (October 2010): 361–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.133-134.361.
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Historical masonry buildings located in the Southern Italy are usually built with irregular stones joined with mortar with poor mechanical properties. Therefore, piers and spandrels ultimate resistance is not always well predicted by simplified formulas suggested by codes of practice, which typically are tailored to regular patterns. In this framework, we present a two-step numerical model –within the equivalent frame approach assumption– for the pushover analysis of in-plane loaded historical masonry walls constituted by an irregular assemblage of stones. In Step I, ultimate bending moment-shear force strength domains of piers and spandrels are derived by means of a heterogeneous upper bound FE limit analysis and the results are stored in a database. Assessing the capacity of both piers and spandrels is crucial for correctly predicting the ultimate resistance of masonry walls acted upon by in-plane loads. Heterogeneous limit analysis is particularly suitable for computing failure loads, since it permits a distinct modeling of stones and mortar joints. Appropriate static and kinematic boundary conditions are set to account for the complex interaction of internal forces and deformed shapes of single elements. At Step II, a frame model of the masonry wall is assembled, where piers and spandrels are modeled as elastic Timoshenko beams. At each analysis step it is checked that the internal forces in each structural element are smaller than the failure loads stored in the database created at Step I. If the capacity is exceeded, suitable flexural hinges are introduced at the end of the structural elements. The resistance of the element is then set to zero when a limit chord rotation is exceeded. With the numerical tool developed, a real scale old masonry oil-mill located in the Southern Italy is analyzed in the inelastic range under increasing static loads.
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Formisano, Antonio, Nicola Chieffo, and Generoso Vaiano. "Seismic Vulnerability Assessment and Strengthening Interventions of Structural Units of a Typical Clustered Masonry Building in the Campania Region of Italy." GeoHazards 2, no. 2 (June 2, 2021): 101–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geohazards2020006.
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The present paper aims at inspecting the structural behaviour of a typical masonry aggregate located in the historical centre of Cercola, a municipality in the province of Naples. The clustered building under study consists of four structural units mutually connected to each other made of tuff stone and deformable floors. Two distinct structural units, namely in heading and intermediate places, in both isolated and aggregate conditions, are examined to estimate the influence of structural positions on the global seismic response of the examined case study buildings. For this purpose, non-linear static analyses are performed using the 3MURI software. Pushover analyses are conducted to both evaluate the seismic behaviour of examined structural units and improve their earthquake performances while considering proper retrofit interventions on vertical and horizontal structures. The analysis results are plotted in terms of risk factor, stiffness, and ductility. Finally, a set of fragility functions are derived to point out the structural response of the case study buildings before and after retrofit interventions. From the achieved results, it is highlighted that retrofit interventions improve the structural performances of the buildings, especially those of structural units in aggregate conditions.
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Milani, Gabriele. "Editorial - New Trends in the Numerical Analysis of Masonry Structures." Open Civil Engineering Journal 6, no. 1 (November 16, 2012): 119–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874149501206010119.
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The Special Issue of The Open Civil Engineering Journal entitled “New trends in the numerical analysis of masonry structures” provides an insight into the most up-to-date nu-merical techniques used at academic and professional level to perform advanced structuralanalyses on masonry struc-tures. Masonry is a building material that has been used for more than ten thousand years. In many countries, masonry structures still amount to 30–50%of the new housing devel-opments. Also, most structures built before the 19th century and still surviving are built with masonry. Masonry is usu-ally described as a heterogeneous material formed by units and joints, with or without mortar, and different bond ar-rangements. Units are such as bricks, blocks, ashlars, adobes, irregular stones and others. Mortar can be clay, bitumen, chalk, lime/cement based mortar, glue or other. The almost infinite possible combinations generated by the geometry, nature and arrangement of units as well as the characteristics of mortars raise doubts about the accuracy of the term “ma-sonry”. Still, much information can be gained from the study of regular masonry structures, in which a periodic repetition of the microstructure occurs due to a constant arrangement of the units (or constant bond). The difficulties in performing advanced testing and pro-viding sufficiently general numerical models for this kind of structures are basically due to the innumerable variations of masonry typologies, the large scatter of in situ material prop-erties and the impossibility of reproducing all in a specimen. Therefore, most of the advanced numerical research carried out in the last decades concentrated in brick / block masonry and its relevance for design. Accurate modelling requires a comprehensive experimental description of the material, which seems mostly available at the present state of knowl-edge. From a numerical point of view, masonry behaviour is quite complex to model, exhibiting non-linearity very early during the loading process, with softening in both tension and compression, low ductility and differed deformations under sustained loads. In addition, masonry is the result of the assemblage of bricks or stones, where mortar is laid, with common geometric irregularities adding further complexity to the problem. The special issue collects ninepapers from experts in the field, including contributions of researchers from six differ-ent countries (Czech Republic, Iran, Italy, Portugal, Spain, Switzerland), either devoted to the utilization of non-standard numerical models for case-studies or presenting new approaches for the interpretation of masonry behaviour in presence of different kinds ofnon-linearity. The effort is always to put the knowledge beyond the existing state-of-the art. Karbassi and Lestuzzi [1]present a fragility analysis per-formed on unreinforced masonry buildings, conducted by means of the so called Applied Element Method (AEM), to define fragility curves of typical masonry buildings which may be regarded as representative of building classes. A se-ries of nonlinear dynamic analyses using AEM are per-formed for a 6-storey stone masonry and a 4-storey brick masonry building using more than 50 ground motion re-cords. The distribution of the structural responses and inter-storey drifts are finally used to develop spectral-based fragil-ity curves for the five European Macro-seismic Scale dam-age grades. In the second paper, Milani et al. [2]perform a detailed non-linear analysis (both pushover and limit analysis) on the San Pietro di Coppito bell tower in L’Aquila, Italy, trying to have an insight into the causes of the collapse occurred dur-ing the devastating 2009 earthquake. Sykora et al. [2]review several topics related to the ho-mogenization of transport processes occurring in historical masonry structures. Particular attention is paid to variations of temperature and moisture fields, whose contribution to structural damage usually far exceeds the effects of me-chanical loadings. The concept of Statistically Equivalent Periodic Unit Cell (SEPUC) is reviewed and utilized to deal with historic masonry and random patterns. Accepting SEPUC as a reliable representative volume element, a Fast Fourier Transform to both the SEPUC and large binary sam-ples of real masonry is used to tackle effective thermal con-ductivities problems. Fully coupled non-stationary heat and moisture transport problems are addressed next in the framework of a two-scale first-order homogenization, with emphases on the application of boundary and initial condi-tions at the meso-scale.
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Amari, Karima, Amina Abdessemed Foufa, Mustapha Cheikh Zouaoui, and Giuseppina Uva. "Seismic Vulnerability of Masonry Lighthouses: A Study of the Bengut Lighthouse, Dellys, Boumerdès, Algeria." Buildings 10, no. 12 (December 18, 2020): 247. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings10120247.
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In Algeria, lighthouses are an essential element of the maritime landscape and constitute a substantial part of the local historical and cultural heritage, marked by a great variety of styles, architecture, geometrical forms, and materials. The study presented falls into the general context of pre- and post-seismic conservation of Algerian lighthouses, since all these stone masonry buildings are situated in areas characterized by a medium–high seismic hazard. In the paper, a relevant example has been analyzed: the Bengut Lighthouse, which has been classified as “National Heritage” by the Algerian Ministry of Culture and has been severely damaged by the Boumerdès that occurred on 21 May 2003. After an overview of historical lighthouses in Algeria and their morpho-typological classification, the case study of the lighthouse at Cap Bengut is presented, showing the results of a detailed survey of the geometric and constructive features and of the actual cracking and damage pattern. First, based on the critical analysis of this knowledge framework, a preliminary qualitative evaluation of the seismic vulnerability has been made, analyzing and classifying the set of local and global failure modes coherently with the observed structural pathologies and damages. Then, numerical modeling has been implemented in TreMuri computer code, performing a set of pushover analyses. This allowed the investigation of the criticalities in the response of the building to seismic actions, characterization of the dynamic behavior, and comparison with the actual observed damages, which are discussed, providing an interpretation of the global and local failure modes. Based on the results of the visual assessment and numerical analysis, guidelines for the retrofitting intervention have been proposed, by considering, on the one hand, the objective of effectively mitigating the elements of vulnerability pointed out by the results and, on the other, the main principles of conservation and restoration. The presented study and its results, in perspective, are intended to provide a basis for developing risk and vulnerability analysis of typological classes of historical lighthouses at a large scale.
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Su, Qi Wang, Yang Xia, and Shi Chun Zhao. "An Equivalent Frame Model for Seismic Analysis of Existing Masonry Building." Advanced Materials Research 255-260 (May 2011): 2478–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.255-260.2478.
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Collapse safety is the most important objective of performance-based seismic design. Buildings should have enough safety margin to avoid collapse during severe or mega earthquake. However, current Chinese seismic design code does not have explicit design specification or quantitative evaluation for collapse-resistant capacity. Take a two-story masonry building as an example, an equivalent frame model for pushover and incremental dynamic analysis are established, and the comparison are also studied. In addition, the fragility curves can also be obtained. The analysis results show that the results of plastic hinge mainly appear in ground floor wall between windows and doors. Moreover, the analysis result has good uniformity with seismic damage. Judging from the failure mechanism, pushover and incremental dynamic analysis have very good similarity. In addition , they show elastic deformation is very small and brittleness is very apparent of the masonry building.Seismic vulnerability analysis shows that the significant damage and the near collapse curves are very close to each other .This mean that , once the significant damage limit state is reached ,only small PGA increments are need for reaching the near collapse limit state.
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Shehu, Rafael. "Implementation of Pushover Analysis for Seismic Assessment of Masonry Towers: Issues and Practical Recommendations." Buildings 11, no. 2 (February 16, 2021): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings11020071.
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Seismic assessment is a paramount issue and a valuable instrument towards the conservation of vulnerable structures in seismic prone regions. The past seismic events have highlighted the vulnerability of masonry towers that is exhibited by severe structural and nonstructural damages or even collapses. The preservation of existing structures, mainly focused on the built heritage, is emerging and imposing substantial enhancements of numerical methods, including pushover analysis approaches. The accuracy of the estimated seismic capacity for these structures is correlated with the assumed strategies and approximations made during the numerical modeling. The present paper concerns those aspects by exploring the limitations and possibilities of conceiving pushover analysis in the finite element method environment. The most crucial target is tracing in a pushover capacity curve the corresponding initiation of structural damages, maximum load-bearing capacity, and the ultimate displacement capacity. Different recommendations for achieving this target have been proposed and illustrated for practical utilization. Three representative geometrical towers, adopting three different materials and five different load patterns, are investigated in this study. The load pattern’s role and necessity of the displacement-like control approach for the pushover analysis are exploited. This paper highlights the load-bearing capacity overestimation when the force-controlled are implemented. The material model influences the achievement of softening branch with a distinguishable displacement capacity.
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Shrestha, Jagat Kumar. "Response Reduction Factor for Mansory Buildings." Nepal Journal of Science and Technology 19, no. 1 (July 1, 2020): 196–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njst.v19i1.29802.
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Most of the seismic codes used today incorporate the nonlinear response of a structure by providing an appropriate response reduction factor so that a linear elastic force-based approach can be used in designs. This study focuses on evaluating the response reduction factor for masonry buildings with different mechanical properties, which are used in modern codes to scale down the elastic response of the structure. Using a similar frame-approach, a nonlinear static pushover analysis is carried out on the analytical models of masonry building in finite element analysis software SAP2000v20.0.0. The response reduction factor components, flexibility, and over strength were computed from the results obtained from the nonlinear static pushover analysis. Finally, the response reduction factor is evaluated for different masonry buildings. It is concluded that the R-value given in IS: 1893-2016 for unreinforced masonry is not recommended for random rubble stonemasonry buildings in mud mortar.
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Doiphode, Dr G. S., and Vaibhav Dhndhukiya. "Performance Based Seismic Assessment of Masonry Infilled RCC Building with Diaphragm Discontinuity." International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology 10, no. 2 (December 30, 2020): 214–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijeat.b2090.1210220.
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In multistoreyed RCC framed buildings, critical damages are due to seismic ground excitations, which cause catastrophic failuresat the weaker locations. Buildings with two types of structural irregularities namely diaphragm discontinuity and open ground story are considered. Assessment of seismic vulnerability of these buildings is done by using Nonlinear Static Pushover Analysis (NSPA). Performance Based Seismic Design of masonry infilled RCC buildings with two different shape of openings in the diaphragm is considered here with Design Basis Earthquake(DBE) and Maximum Considered Earthquake(MCE) where by selecting appropriate performance criteria in terms of Inter-story drift ratio(IDR) and Inelastic displacement demand ratio(IDDR) are critically observed. The Equivalent Linearization Procedure of Pushover analysis presented in FEMA 440, which is a modification of Capacity Spectrum Method based on ATC-40 guidelines, is performed in ETABS-2016 to study the performance of R.C.C. buildings with diaphragm discontinuity, designed as per IS-1893-2016.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Masonry, pushover analysis, historical building"
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Faralli, Anna Chiara. "Seismic vulnerability of the ancient albergotti's manor in Arezzo, Italy." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2013. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/5956/.
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The thesis moves from the need of understanding how a historical building would behave in case of earthquake and this purpose is strongly linked to the fact that the majority of Italian structures are old ones placed in seismic sites. Primarily an architectural and chronological research is provided in order to figure out how the building has developed in time; then, after the reconstruction of the skeleton of the analyzed element (“Villa i Bossi” in Gragnone, AR), a virtual model is created such that the main walls and sections are tested according to the magnitude of expected seismic events within the reference area. This approach is basically aimed at verifying the structure’s reliability as composed by single units; the latter are treated individually in order to find out all the main critical points where rehabilitation might be needed. Finally the most harmful sections are studied in detail and proper strengthening is advised according to the current know-how.
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Jiménez, Ramirez Belén. "Seismic vulnerability assessment of traditional timber frame and masonry wall buildings : aplication to the historical centre of Valparaíso, Chile." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/671491.
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The seismic vulnerability of urban assets exposed to earthquake hazard represents a growing concern in the engineering field due to the potential risk of collapse for the buildings, and the associated devastating consequences for the inhabitants. This concern has led to the development of novel strategies for the assessment of the seismic vulnerability of the existing buildings. An accurate evaluation of the seismic vulnerability constitutes the point of departure for the implementation of the necessary mitigation strategies aimed at increasing the seismic resilience of the cities.
Seismic vulnerability assessment (SVA) at large-scale requires robust knowledge of the existing structural typologies, often biased by the intrinsic uncertainties related to local construction materials and techniques, especially in territories composed of historical and vernacular constructions. A propaedeutic stage of SVA is the definition of building taxonomies to characterize the structural features of the buildings and their main sources of vulnerabilities. This difficult task requires the availability of consistent technical data, which are commonly scarce in cities with historical constructions.
This doctoral thesis contributes to the development of suitable methodologies for the systematic surveying of urban buildings in historical urban centres, by proposing four complete survey forms for timber, masonry, reinforced concrete and steel/iron structural typologies. This tool aims to improve and optimize the complex process of collecting and gathering data about the structural characteristics of the existing building stock.
This thesis also contributed to the calibration of simplified numerical models for the assessment of the seismic vulnerability of traditional buildings composed of timber frame and masonry wall structures. The nonlinear behaviour is simulated through the adoption of Lumped Plasticity Models (LPM) for timber frames, and continuum Finite Element (FE) models for masonry walls. The calibration of these models is pursued based on rigorous comparisons with numerous experimental tests available in the scientific literature.
The developed simplified numerical models for timber frame and masonry wall structures are used to assess the seismic vulnerability of two existing buildings located in the historical centre of the city of Valparaíso, Chile. The numerical models are employed afterwards to analyse the different structural configurations of timber-masonry buildings of the study area. The examined structural configurations differ in the organization of the resisting systems, number of storeys, and presence of structural irregularities. The different pushover analyses show the influence of the aforementioned parameters on the seismic behaviour of the buildings.
This research proposes a tentative set of scores and weights for the application of the Vulnerability Index Method (VIM) to traditional buildings composed of timber frame and masonry wall structures based on a numerical investigation. The resulting VIM form is calibrated by applying the N2 method to determine the seismic performance of the representative typologies within the study area. This study is based on the results of a numerical study, unlike other available VIM forms available in the existing literature are based on past post-earthquake surveys of damaged buildings.
The thesis ends in a prospective study on the seismic vulnerability by VIM of 111 buildings located in three neighbourhoods of the historical centre of Valparaíso. This is an area of special interest, as it includes two of the main evacuation routes for the city in case of a tsunami, and congregate different typologies of heritage buildings, made of timber, masonry, and reinforced concrete. The obtained results are used to create seismic vulnerability maps in a GIS environment that may be used for future works aimed at the definition of proper policies for the implementation of mitigation strategies.La vulnerabilidad sísmica de zonas urbanas expuestas a terremotos representa una creciente preocupación en el campo de la ingeniería debido al potencial riesgo de colapso de los edificios, y las consecuencias devastadoras que afectan a sus habitantes. Esta inquietud ha motivado el desarrollo de nuevas estrategias para la evaluación de la vulnerabilidad sísmica de los edificios existentes en centros urbanos. Un correcto estudio de la vulnerabilidad sísmica constituye el punto de partida para la correcta implementación de estrategias de mitigación enfocadas a aumentar la resiliencia sísmica de las ciudades. Los estudios de vulnerabilidad sísmica a escala urbana requieren un alto nivel de conocimiento respecto a las tipologías constructivas existentes, información comúnmente sesgada por las incertidumbres intrínsecas de los edificios, asociadas a los materiales y técnicas de construcción locales, especialmente en territorios compuestos por construcciones históricas o de naturaleza vernácula. Una etapa propedéutica de este tipo de estudios es la definición de una taxonomía de edificios, que permita caracterizar los sistemas estructurales existentes y detectar sus principales fuentes de vulnerabilidad. Esta tesis doctoral contribuye al desarrollo de una metodología para el levantamiento sistemático de edificios históricos en centros urbanos, basada en la formulación de cuatro formularios de encuestas para tipologías estructurales de entramado de madera, mampostería, hormigón armado y acero/hierro forjado. Otra importante contribución de esta tesis se centra en la calibración de modelos numéricos simplificados y orientados a la práctica para la evaluación de la vulnerabilidad sísmica de edificios tradicionales compuestos por muros de entramados de madera y mampostería. El comportamiento no lineal dichas estructuras es simulado mediante el uso de Modelos de Plasticidad Concentrada para muros de entramado de madera, y modelos continuos de Elementos Finitos para muros de mampostería. La calibración de estos modelos se lleva a cabo en base a rigurosas comparaciones entre diferentes ensayos experimentales disponibles en la literatura científica. Los modelos propuestos se utilizan para la evaluar la vulnerabilidad sísmica de dos edificios existentes situados en el centro histórico de la ciudad de Valparaíso, Chile. Este caso de estudio se caracteriza por su singular entorno urbano, donde predominan los sistemas estructurales compuestos por muros de entramados de madera y mampostería. Los modelos numéricos se utilizan para analizar diferentes configuraciones estructurales de los edificios de entramado de madera y mampostería localizados en tres barrios históricos del centro de la ciudad de Valparaíso. Este estudio examina diferentes configuraciones estructurales que difieren en la organización de los sistemas resistentes, número de plantas y la presencia de irregularidades estructurales. La siguiente etapa de esta investigación propone una calibración preliminar del Método del Índice de Vulnerabilidad (MIV) para edificios de entramado de madera y mampostería. Una nueva ficha de vulnerabilidad se calibra en base a una investigación numérica y en la aplicación del Método N2 para determinar el rendimiento sísmico de los edificios. Esta tesis culmina con un estudio prospectivo de la vulnerabilidad sísmica aplicando el MIV a 111 edificios ubicados en tres barrios del centro histórico de Valparaíso. Esta incluye dos de las principales rutas de evacuación de la ciudad en caso de tsunami y alberga diferentes tipologías de edificios patrimoniales, hechos de entramados de madera, mampostería y hormigón armado. Los resultados obtenidos se utilizan para crear mapas de vulnerabilidad sísmica en el entorno GIS que pueden utilizarse para llevar a cabo planes futuros para la implementación de estrategias de mitigación de la vulnerabilidad.
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Ferreira, Nélia Lopes. "Evaluation of the structural capacity of historical constructions." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/17986.
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Mestrado em Engenharia CivilAs construções históricas são uma parte importante do património mundial construído, símbolos arquitetónicos das cidades, países e culturas. Os museus, monumentos, castelos, igrejas, catedrais, entre outros, são edifícios e locais que oferecem experiências únicas tornando-se difusores de conhecimento. Estes edifícios históricos são alvo da comunidade turística que representa recursos económicos importantes. Por estas razões, a sociedade realiza grandes esforços técnicos e económicos para a conservação e valorização do seu património histórico. Ao longo do tempo, desde a sua construção até aos dias de hoje, um edifício histórico é exposto a diversos fatores que afetam o seu estado de conservação tais como, a degradação e envelhecimento do material, alterações arquitetónicas, desastres naturais com grandes períodos de retorno, destruição causada por algum tipo de conflito, ações de reabilitação e reforço, entre outros. Assim, a avaliação de construções históricas é um tópico que detém alguma preocupação, não só do ponto de vista da preservação do património, mas também pela segurança estrutural e durabilidade dos edifícios ao longo do tempo. A análise estrutural é bastante importante para a identificação do motivo pela qual os edifícios exibem danos e deformações e também para compreender o seu efeito no equilíbrio estrutural do edifício. Através de uma abordagem correta e apropriada é possível avaliar a capacidade estrutural de um edifício histórico e definir e validar uma futura estratégia de reabilitação, tentando assim recuperar e manter o comportamento da estrutura original. O principal objetivo desta dissertação é avaliar a capacidade estrutural de duas construções históricas, a Catedral de Palma de Mallorca (Mallorca, Espanha) e um edifício de alvenaria que faz parte do complexo do Castelo de São Jorge (Lisboa, Portugal). Para os casos de estudo apresentados realizou-se modelação numérica recorrendo a diversos softwares de elementos finitos, desenvolvendo um estudo paramétrico para compreender a influência das propriedades dos materiais no comportamento global de uma estrutura e ainda se definiram e analisaram diferentes estratégias de reabilitação.
The historical constructions are an important part of the world built heritage, architectural valued symbols of their cities, countries and cultures. Museums, monuments, castles, churches, cathedrals, among others, are buildings and sites that offer unique experiences as centres of knowledge. These historical buildings are the target of the tourist community which represent important economic resources. For these reasons, the society holds great technical and economical effort for the conservation and value of their historical heritage. Overtime, since their construction until the present day, a historical building is exposed to several factors that could affect their state of conservation such as, the material degradation and aging, architectural alterations, natural disasters with high return periods, destruction in occasion of conflicts, retrofitting actions, amongst others. Therefore, the assessment of historical constructions is a concerning subject, not only from the heritage safeguarding point of view, but also from the structural safety and durability over time. The structural analysis is of full importance to identify the origin of existing damage and deformations and their effect on the durability of the structure. With the correct and appropriate approach, it is possible evaluate the structural capacity of the historical construction in analysis and define/validate future rehabilitation strategies, strengthening and maintaining an improved behaviour of the original structure. The main focus of this dissertation is to evaluate the structural capacity of two historical constructions, the Palma Mallorca Cathedral (Spain) and one-story masonry arched building of the Castelo of São Jorge complex (Lisbon, Portugal). For these case studies were performed numerical modelling resourcing to different finite element software’s, developing a parametric study to understand the influence of the material properties on the overall behaviour of the structures, as well as proposing and analysing retrofitting strategies.
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Peterson, Viktor, and Zihao Wang. "Cross-comparison of Non-Linear Seismic Assessment Methods for Unreinforced Masonry Structures in Groningen." Thesis, KTH, Betongbyggnad, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-289386.
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A large amount of low-rise unreinforced masonry structures (URM) can be foundin Groningen, the Netherlands. More and more induced earthquakes with shortduration have been detected in this region due to gas exploitation. Local unreinforcedmasonry (URM) buildings were initially not designed for withstanding seismicactions, so that unexpected damage may occur due to their vulnerability, raising insecurityamong residents. Existing low-rise masonry buildings in Groningen can bedivided into different categories based on their characteristics. Two types of residentialmasonry buildings that fulfil the prerequisites for performing non-linear seismicassessment are chosen to be studied in this thesis project, including the terracedhouse and the detached house.The seismic assessment of structures requires the use of both a discretization methodand a seismic assessment method. The discretization method is used to translate themechanical model into a finite element model used for the numerical analysis. Severalmethods have previously shown to be applicable for seismic assessment, but thiswork investigates the implications of using a continuum model (CM) and an equivalentframe model (EFM) approach to discretization in the general-purpose finiteelement package described in DIANA-FEA-BV (2017). The continuum model approachadopted was in a previous work by Schreppers et al. (2017) validated againstexperimental results and is as such deemed representative of the physical behaviourof the mechanical models investigated. An equivalent frame model approach to beused with DIANA is proposed in the work by Nobel (2017). The continuum modelapproach uses continuum elements with a constitutive model developed for the seismicassessment of masonry structures. This constitutive model captures both shearand flexural failure mechanisms. The equivalent frame model approach uses a combinationof numerically integrated beam elements and nodal interfaces, each witha distinct constitutive model, thus decoupling the description of the flexural andshear behaviour. This approach aims to capture the macro-behaviour at the structurallevel. The applicability of the proposed equivalent frame model approach isevaluated by how well it replicates the validated continuum model approach results.The two discretization methods described are evaluated using two types of seismicassessment methods. The first seismic assessment method used consists of first performinga quasi-static non-linear pushover analysis (NLPO) on the model. Thisresults in the pushover curve, which describes the global behaviour of the modelunder an equivalent lateral load based on the fundamental mode shape of the structure.The pushover curve is then used with the N2-method described in EN1998-1iii(2004) to assess at which peak ground acceleration (PGA) that the model reachesthe near-collapse (NC) limit state. The second seismic assessment method consistsof performing dynamic non-linear time-history analyses (NLTH). This method usesrecorded accelerograms to impose the inertial forces. The PGA for the accelerogramwhere the near-collapse limit state is reached is compared to the PGA fromthe use of the N2-method. The applicability of the pushover analysis in conjunctionwith the N2-method is evaluated by how well it replicates the PGA found from thetime-history analyses and by how well it replicates local failure mechanisms.Therefore, the main objectives of this project can be described by the following twoquestions:i. To what extent can the equivalent frame method be applicable as a properdiscretization method for pushover analyses and time-history analyses oflow-rise unreinforced masonry residential buildings in the Groningen region?ii. To what extent can the non-linear pushover method be adopted toassess the seismic behaviour of low-rise unreinforced masonry residentialbuildings in the Groningen region?The applicability of the equivalent frame model showed to vary. For describing localfailure mechanisms its applicability is poor. Further work on connecting the edgepiers to transverse walls is needed. For seismic assessment using the N2-method theapplicability of the equivalent frame model approach is sensible. The conservativedisplacement capacity counteracts the fact that it is worse at describing local unloading,which produced a larger initial equivalent stiffness of the bi-linear curvesin comparison to the continuum model. For seismic assessment using the timehistorysignals, its applicability is possible. While it could show different behaviourin terms of displacement and damping forces, it still showed a similar PGA at thenear-collapse limit state for the cases at hand.The seismic assessment of the terraced and detached houses by the N2-method issimilar to the seismic prediction by applying time-history analyses. However, thereare still some variations in the initial stiffness, force capacity and displacement capacitybetween these two assessment methods due to the assumptions and limitationsin this study. Overall, considering the pros and cons of the quasi-static pushovermethod, it is deemed applicable during the seismic assessment of the unreinforcedmasonry structures in the Groningen area.
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Tan, Mustafa Tumer. "Seismic Strengthening Of A Mid-rise Reinforced Concrete Frame Using Cfrps: An Application From Real Life." Master's thesis, METU, 2009. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12610562/index.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
SEISMIC STRENGTHENING OF A
MID-RISE REINFORCED CONCRETE FRAME
USING CFRPs: AN APPLICATION FROM REAL LIFE
Tan, Mustafa Tümer M.S., Department Of Civil Engineering Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Gü
ney Ö
zcebe Co-Supervisor: Assoc. Prof. Dr. BariS Binici May 2009, 162 pages FRP retrofitting allows the utilization of brick infill walls as lateral load resisting elements. This practical retrofit scheme is a strong alternative to strengthen low to mid-rise deficient reinforced concrete (RC) structures in Turkey. The advantages of the FRP applications, to name a few, are the speed of construction and elimination of the need for building evacuation during construction. In this retrofit scheme, infill walls are adopted to the existing frame system by using FRP tension ties anchored the boundary frame using FRP dowels. Results of experiments have previously shown that FRP strengthened infill walls can enhance lateral load carrying capacity and reduce damage by limiting interstory drift deformations. In previous, analytical studies, a detailed mathematical model and a simplified version of the model for compression struts and tension ties was proposed and verified by comparing model estimations with test results. In this study, an existing 9-storey deficient RC building located in Antakya was chosen to design and apply a hybrid strengthening scheme with FRPs and reduced number of shear walls. Linear elastic analysis procedure was utilized (force based assessment technique) along with the rules of Mode Superposition Method for the reftrofit design. FRP retrofit scheme was employed using the simplified model and design was conducted such that life safety performance criterion is satisfied employing elastic spectrum with 10% probability of exceedance in 50 years according to the Turkish Earthquake Code 2007. Further analytical studies are performed by using Modal Pushover and Nonlinear Time-History Analyses. At the end of these nonlinear analyses, performance check is performed according to Turkish Earthquake Code 2007, using the strains resulting from the sum of yield and plastic rotations at demand in the critical sections. CFRP retrofitting works started at October 2008 and finished at December 2008 for the building mentioned in this study. Eccentric reinforced concrete shearwall installation is still being undertaken. All construction business is carried out without evacuation of the building occupants. This project is one of the first examples of its kind in Turkey. Keywords: CFRP, Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymers, Masonry Infill Walls, Reinforced Concrete Infill Walls, Mid-Rise Deficient Structures, Turkish Earthquake Code 2007, Modal Pushover Analysis, Nonlinear Time History Analysis, Linear Elastic Building Assessment
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Lundgren, Mårtensson Linda, and Ioannou Stephanie Björkman. "Arbetsgång efter brand i en kulturhistorisk byggnad : Med fokus på återställandet av konstruktionen." Thesis, KTH, Byggteknik och design, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-259905.
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I aktuellt läge [2019] brister Sverige på att tillhandahålla förberedande planer för eventuella brandolyckor i byggnader med kulturhistoriskt värde. Brandolyckor på kulturminnesmärkta byggnader är inte frekventa och det saknas en standardiserad metod på hur återställandet kan hanteras efter en brandolycka på ett produktivt och hållbart sätt. Syftet med rapporten är att komma fram till en förenklad och mätbar standardiserad arbetsprocess genom att förbättra arbetet kring en brandolycka på kulturminnesmärkta byggnader, där förebyggande åtgärder, förbättringar under brandförloppet och återställande av objekt ingår. Rapporten görs med målen att bevara en god social hållbarhet och bevara det svenska kulturarvet för framtida generationer. Målet vid återställandet av en kulturhistorisk byggnad är att utseendet ska förbli oförändrat och att bevara det traditionella och ursprungliga skicket. Huvudobjekt som undersöks är kulturminnesmärkta byggnaden Kasern II på Skeppsholmen tillsammans med de två referensobjekten Katarina kyrka och Vildmannen 7. Huvudobjektet där en brandolycka bryter ut i september år 2016 håller idag [2019] på att återställas efter omfattande fuktskador från släckningsarbetet och brandskador på material som blev utsatta för höga temperaturer. Del av den standardiserade processen är att redovisa hur val av släckmedel kan avgöra omfattningen av fuktskador på materialet i byggnaden och hur släckmedlet och brandrester påverkar närliggande miljö ur ett hållbarhetsperspektiv. Även förebyggande brandskydd och önskvärt brandskydd efter restaureringsarbetet tas med. Rapporten bearbetar materialmässigt främst tegel och trä som oftast utgör den bärande stommen respektive bjälklaget i en kulturhistorisk byggnad. Genom att observera hur trämaterial och murverk reagerar vid hög temperatur och fukt vill författarna bedöma om de kan saneras och återanvändas eller behöver kasseras. Dessutom undersöks med fokus på återställande av konstruktionen, saneringsmetoder för att ta bort brandlukt och mikrobiologisk påväxt på trämaterial. Då målet vid återställande av en kulturminnesmärkt byggnad är att behålla den traditionella utformningen saneras det massiva teglet och träbalkarna i den utsträckning som går för att bevara dem. Dimensionering av brandskydd varierar för olika kulturminnesmärkta byggnader beroende på objektets utformning och ändamål. Som exempel för installation av sprinkler görs en avvägning mellan risk för brand och risk för eventuella fuktskador vid brand. Compressed air foam system [CAFS] är den släckningsutrustning som används under släckningsarbetet på Kasern II, som jämfört med andra släckningssystem avger mindre vatten och på så sätt minimerar fuktskador. Under brandförloppet hjälper aktuella ritningar, dokumentation och insatsplaner räddningstjänsten att utföra ett funktionellt släckningsarbete. Tegel är beständigt mot brand då det bränns under tillverkningsprocessen. Vid en brandolycka kan tegel spricka om sintringstemperatur överstigs eller vid snabb avkylning under släckningsarbete. Sprickor kan åtgärdas med förstärkning av murverk. Sprickor i tegel som är synligt för blotta ögat återanvänds om det inte finns en synlig fysisk skada på materialet. Trämaterialets hållfasthet försämras inte vid exponering av hög temperatur förutom i den brännskadade delen som kallas förkolningsdel och ligger i ytskiktet på balken efter brand. Förkolningsdelen kan mekaniskt hyvlas bort vid sanering. Mekanisk hyvling anses som en relativt enkel saneringsmetod och kräver inga kemiska miljöpåverkande ämnen.In current situation [2019], Sweden is failing to provide preparatory plans for possible fire accidents in buildings with cultural-historical value. Because fire accidents on monumental buildings do not occur frequently, there is no standardized method on how to manage the restoration after the accident in a productive and sustainable manner. Purpose of the report is to produce a simplified standardized and measurable work process on how to improve arrangements during a fire accident on monumental buildings, where preventive measures, improvements during fire process and restoration of the building are included. The report is written with the aim of preserving good social sustainability and for preserving the Swedish cultural heritage for the future. The goal when restoring a cultural-historical heritage building is to maintain the classical appearance and to preserve the traditional and original condition. The main object reviewed is the cultural heritage building Kasern II on Skeppsholmen together with two more reference objects. The main object, where the fire accident takes place in September 2016, is today [2019] being restored after extensive moisture damage from the extinguishing work and fire damage to the material which was exposed to high temperature. Part of the standardized process is to describe how the choice of extinguishing agent can determine the extent of moisture damage to the material of the building and how pollution from the extinguishing agent and fire residues affect the neighboring environment from a sustainable point of view. Preventive fire protection and desirable fire protection after restoration work are also included. The report materially presents bricks and wood, which most often constitute the supporting structure and the floor structure of a cultural-historical building. By observing how wood materials and masonry react at high temperature and humidity, an assessment is made whether these materials can be decontaminated and reused or need to be discarded. In addition, with focus on restauration of the construction, decontamination methods for removal of fire odor and microbiological growth on wood materials are studied. Goal when restoring a building with cultural heritage is to maintain the traditional construction, therefore the solid brick and wooden beams are to be remedied to the extent required to preserve them. The choice of fire protection installations varies depending on the building's design and purpose. An example is the installation of sprinklers, which is a tradeoff between the risk of fire and the risk of possible moisture damage in the event of fire. Compressed air foam system [CAFS] is the extinguishing equipment used during extinguishing work on Kasern II which, compared to other extinguishing systems, emits less water therefore minimizing moisture damage. During the fire accident, updated drawings, documentation and action plans help the rescue service perform a functional extinguishing work. Bricks are resistant to fire as bricks are burned during manufacturing process. During a fire accident, bricks may crack if the sintering temperature is exceeded or in case of a rapid cooling during extinguishing work. Cracks can be restored with reinforcement on masonry. As cracks in brick are usually visible to the naked eye, bricks are reused if there is no visible physically damage to the material. The strength of wood material does not deteriorate when exposed to high temperature except in the burned part called char, which lies on the surface layer of the beam after fire exposure. The charring part can be mechanically planed away during sanitation. Mechanical planning is regarded as a relatively simple sanitation method and does not require any chemical environmentally impacting substances.
Book chapters on the topic "Masonry, pushover analysis, historical building"
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Stefanoudakis, Dimitrios, and Eftychia Apostolidi. "Strengthening and Modernization of a Characteristic Masonry Building in Vienna, Austria." In Case Studies on Conservation and Seismic Strengthening/Retrofitting of Existing Structures, 173–92. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/cs002.173.
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Historical buildings from the period of Promoterism constructed between 1850 and 1910, called “Gründezeitgebäude,” represent a main part of the building stock in Vienna. A typical building from this period is presented, along with the pathology of such buildings. A step-by-step strengthening and modernization strategy is described, including structural analysis data and design of sections data before and after interventions, along with detailing according to the respective codes.
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Di Ludovico, M., G. De Martino, A. Prota, G. Manfredi, and M. Dolce. "Damage Assessment in Italy, and Experiences After Recent Earthquakes on Reparability and Repair Costs." In Springer Tracts in Civil Engineering, 65–84. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-68813-4_4.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractRecent devastating earthquakes outlined the importance of quantifying losses and the amount of resources needed for the reconstruction process. The restoration of public or residential buildings in the aftermath of the seismic event may significantly affect national economy. This remarks the primary role and crucial need of having accurate predictions of direct and indirect costs for reconstruction in order to plan effective risk mitigation strategies and perform reliable loss scenarios. The recent Italian seismic events have been a unique occasion to collect observational data on existing buildings. The present work, based on the Italian experience of recent earthquakes, aims at discussing the main aspects related to the damage assessment of residential buildings and reconstruction models together with the huge amount of data collected in the reconstruction processes. In particular, an in-depth analysis of the data provided by the reconstruction process of 2009 L’Aquila earthquake is reported focussing on repair and strengthening intervention costs as a function of the empirical damage,repairability issues, and assistance to population costs. The data are discussed separately for reinforced concrete and masonry residential buildings and refers about 10,100 buildings located Outside Historical Centres (OHC) and Inside Historical Centres (IHC). Finally, the criteria adopted for the definition of the building seismic risk classes at the base of the Italian guidelines for seismic risk classification of constructions are presented together with recent policies adopted in Italy in terms of fiscal deduction for strengthening interventions on private residential buildings.
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Aşıkoğlu, A., G. Vasconcelos, P. B. Lourenço, and A. Del Re. "Seismic response of an unreinforced masonry building with structural irregularity; Blind prediction by means of pushover analysis." In Brick and Block Masonry - From Historical to Sustainable Masonry, 1037–45. CRC Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003098508-147.
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Mezzapelle, Pardo Antonio, and Stefano Lenci. "On the Assessment of the Seismic Vulnerability of Ancient Churches." In Handbook of Research on Seismic Assessment and Rehabilitation of Historic Structures, 794–830. IGI Global, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-8286-3.ch027.
Full textAbstract:
The chapter deals with the assessment of the seismic vulnerability of the “San Francesco ad Alto” historical masonry building, a former church located in Ancona (Italy), which is currently used as a Regional Headquarter of the Marche Region by the Italian Army. The interest toward this building comes from a double motivation. From the one side, it underwent a series of structural changes, including the addition of a new floor splitting in two levels the original nave, which makes the structure very peculiar and closer to a classical building than to a church. From the other side, it is no longer used as a church, a fact that changes the hazard aspects. The construction schematically consists of two masonry boxes overlapping, the lower being wider than the upper. It has various characteristic structural elements, such as some semicircular arches, segmental arches, timber floors, a barrel vault, some wooden trusses on the roof and steel ties in retention of the facade and of the external walls. The equivalent frame method is used, and several pushover analyses are performed. The seismic action has been defined considering the building both with strategic (current situation) and with ordinary (possible future situation) importance during earthquakes. The role of the masonry spandrels on the response of the structure has been investigated in depth and the main effects highlighted. The result of the pushover analyses is a seismic risk index (IR), that defines the safety level of the construction with respect to one ultimate limit state (SLU), in particular the so-called limit state of “saving life” (SLV).
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Mezzapelle, Pardo Antonio, and Stefano Lenci. "On the Assessment of the Seismic Vulnerability of Ancient Churches." In Civil and Environmental Engineering, 1037–70. IGI Global, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-9619-8.ch045.
Full textAbstract:
The chapter deals with the assessment of the seismic vulnerability of the “San Francesco ad Alto” historical masonry building, a former church located in Ancona (Italy), which is currently used as a Regional Headquarter of the Marche Region by the Italian Army. The interest toward this building comes from a double motivation. From the one side, it underwent a series of structural changes, including the addition of a new floor splitting in two levels the original nave, which makes the structure very peculiar and closer to a classical building than to a church. From the other side, it is no longer used as a church, a fact that changes the hazard aspects. The construction schematically consists of two masonry boxes overlapping, the lower being wider than the upper. It has various characteristic structural elements, such as some semicircular arches, segmental arches, timber floors, a barrel vault, some wooden trusses on the roof and steel ties in retention of the facade and of the external walls. The equivalent frame method is used, and several pushover analyses are performed. The seismic action has been defined considering the building both with strategic (current situation) and with ordinary (possible future situation) importance during earthquakes. The role of the masonry spandrels on the response of the structure has been investigated in depth and the main effects highlighted. The result of the pushover analyses is a seismic risk index (IR), that defines the safety level of the construction with respect to one ultimate limit state (SLU), in particular the so-called limit state of “saving life” (SLV).
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Ghiassi, B., D. V. Oliveira, E. Grande, and G. P. Lignola. "Pushover analysis of fiber-reinforced polymer-strengthened masonry." In Numerical Modeling of Masonry and Historical Structures, 629–57. Elsevier, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-102439-3.00017-8.
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Benedetti, Andrea, and Silvia Briccoli Bati. "Experimental pushover analysis of a model masonry bridge." In Structural Analysis of Historical Constructions: Anamnesis, Diagnosis, Therapy, Controls, 1458–64. CRC Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315616995-198.
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Ortega-G, E., J. C. Jiménez-Pacheco, J. A. Quinde, and H. A. García. "Macroelement model for nonlinear static pushover analysis of confined masonry walls with openings." In Brick and Block Masonry - From Historical to Sustainable Masonry, 924–32. CRC Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003098508-131.
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Oliveira, Daniel V., Bahman Ghiassi, Reza Allahvirdizadeh, Xuan Wang, Gemma Mininno, and Rui A. Silva. "Macromodeling approach for pushover analysis of textile-reinforced mortar-strengthened masonry." In Numerical Modeling of Masonry and Historical Structures, 745–78. Elsevier, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-102439-3.00021-x.
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Milani, G., and M. Bruggi. "Simple homogenization-topology optimization approach for the pushover analysis of masonry walls." In Structural Analysis of Historical Constructions: Anamnesis, Diagnosis, Therapy, Controls, 1183–89. CRC Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315616995-160.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Masonry, pushover analysis, historical building"
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Crespi, P., A. Franchi, P. Ronca, N. Giordano, M. Scamardo, G. Gusmeroli, and G. Schiantarelli. "From BIM to FEM: the analysis of an historical masonry building." In BIM 2015. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/bim150471.
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Milani, Gabriele, and Marco Valente. "Safety assessment of historical masonry churches based on pre-assigned kinematic limit analysis, FE limit and pushover analyses." In INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF COMPUTATIONAL METHODS IN SCIENCES AND ENGINEERING 2014 (ICCMSE 2014). AIP Publishing LLC, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4897818.
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Caprili, Silvia, Federico Mangini, and Walter Salvatore. "NUMERICAL MODELLING, ANALYSIS AND RETROFIT OF THE HISTORICAL MASONRY BUILDING “LA SAPIENZA”." In 5th International Conference on Computational Methods in Structural Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering Methods in Structural Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering. Athens: Institute of Structural Analysis and Antiseismic Research School of Civil Engineering National Technical University of Athens (NTUA) Greece, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.7712/120115.3429.1236.
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Croce, Pietro, Maria Luisa Beconcini, Paolo Formichi, Filippo Landi, Benedetta Puccini, and Vincenzo Zotti. "Seismic risk evaluation of existing masonry buildings: methods and uncertainties." In IABSE Congress, New York, New York 2019: The Evolving Metropolis. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/newyork.2019.2509.
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<p>Masonry structures represent a large part of existing buildings. As confirmed by the damage caused by recent seismic events, the assessment of seismic performance of existing masonry building is then a critical issue in Countries exposed to seismic risk. Moreover, common methods of analysis based on non-linear static approach are significantly influenced by the assumptions about the shear behavior of masonry walls and may lead to inconsistent or contradictory results.</p><p>Due to the relevance of the problem ad hoc studies have been performed to clarify how the most relevant parameters affect the theoretical structural behavior and to setup a proper method to define these parameters.</p><p>In the paper, the main sources of uncertainties regarding the definition of material parameters are investigated and a methodology for the identification of masonry classes is illustrated discussing the propagation of uncertainties related to masonry parameters in non-linear static analysis of masonry buildings. The analysis are carried out through a simplified non-linear pushover type algorithm developed by the authors and the outcomes are illustrated and critically discussed for a relevant case study.</p><p>The results show the capability of the proposed procedure for the identification of masonry classes and the evaluation of masonry mechanical parameters to provide a more refined probabilistic assessment of the seismic risk index.</p>
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Allahvirdizadeh, Reza, Daniel V. Oliveira, and Rui A. Silva. "In-Plane Seismic Performance of Plain and TRM-Strengthened Rammed Earth Components." In IABSE Symposium, Guimarães 2019: Towards a Resilient Built Environment Risk and Asset Management. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/guimaraes.2019.0924.
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<p>Raw earth is one of the most widely used building materials and is employed in different techniques, among which adobe and rammed earth are the most common. The respective structural systems, like in masonry buildings, acceptably withstand against gravity loads, though they are significantly vulnerable to earthquakes. Moreover, a great percentage of the World’s population is still inhabited in such environments, which are endangered by future earthquakes. The current article investigates the seismic in-plane performance of an I-shaped rammed earth component by means of advanced nonlinear finite element modelling. In this regard, conventional pushover analyses were conducted to evaluate load/displacement capacities and to assess probable failure modes. It was observed that the component fails mainly due to detachment of the wing walls from the web wall and due to occurrence of diagonal shear cracks at the web. Subsequently, the application of Textile Reinforced Mortar (TRM) strengthening solution to the component was studied and shown to be able to maintain the integrity of the component for larger lateral load levels. Finally, the reliability of the pushover analyses to predict the seismic response was evaluated by comparison with outcomes from incremental nonlinear dynamic analysis.</p>
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Kirilovica, Inta, and Margarita Karpe. "Chemical and physical investigations of historic mortars in St. John’s Church (Cesis, Latvia)." In The 13th international scientific conference “Modern Building Materials, Structures and Techniques”. Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/mbmst.2019.034.
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This paper deals with the stone material investigation of St. John’s Church, located in Cesis, the city in central region of Latvia. Following aspects were considered – chemical, physical and granulometrical characterization of historic mortars, as well as the level of soluble salts in the masonry. The chemical and physical properties of the historical mortars were characterized by visual observation, granulometric analysis, classical wet chemical analysis, XRD, SEM and hydro tests. The results showed that the historic mortars are based on two types of weakly hydraulic lime – calcitic and dolomitic – with brick dust additive. The main crystallized salt in the object was KNO3. The aim of the investigation was to provide compatibility of restoration materials and sustainability of the ancient building.
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Ramírez, Rafael, Nuno Mendes, and Paulo B. Lourenço. "Structural performance of the church of São Miguel de Refojos." In IABSE Symposium, Guimarães 2019: Towards a Resilient Built Environment Risk and Asset Management. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/guimaraes.2019.1576.
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<p>This paper addresses the study of the structural stability of the church of São Miguel de Refojos, in Cabeceiras de Basto (Portugal). The building presents low to moderate structural damage, as well as other non-structural problems mainly related to the high presence of water. The work is divided into three main tasks, namely inspection and diagnosis of the building, preparation and calibration of a numerical model, and finally, structural analysis. The structure nonlinear behavior is evaluated and pushover analyses are used to assess the seismic performance. In addition, the stability of the church for horizontal actions is verified by means of limit analysis. The results are evaluated in terms of capacity curves, deformation, structural damage patterns and collapse mechanisms. The present study allowed to obtain detailed and reliable knowledge of the conservation state and structural safety of the historical church.</p>