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Journal articles on the topic 'Masonry Residential Building'
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1
Zhou, Qiang, and Bai Tao Sun. "Seismic Analysis of a Masonry Residential Building in Wenchuan Earthquake." Applied Mechanics and Materials 405-408 (September 2013): 1961–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.405-408.1961.
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The Wenchuan earthquake occurred on May 12, 2008 (Beijing Time) caused great casualty and economic losses, a large number of masonry buildings were damaged in various degrees in this earthquake. The masonry residential buildings are widely used in China, and the study on them is significant. Although the masonry residential building discussed in this paper which was located in the highly intensity region was damaged severely, it hasnt collapsed and has very typical earthquake damage. The story comprehensive seismic capacity indexes are developed to anti-collapse capacity index which are used to calculate anti-collapse capacity of the building, and the results are also used for comparative analysis with the results calculated by means of structure vulnerability analysis. The earthquake resistant capacity of masonry residential buildings are discussed and analyzed. Finally, some reasonable suggestions on the seismic strengthening and reconstruction of this kind of building after disaster have been given.
2
Guo, Hong, Min Fang Su, and Xiao Jun Jin. "Study on Energy-Saving Renovation of Existing Heating Masonry-Concrete Residential Buildings." Advanced Materials Research 280 (July 2011): 147–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.280.147.
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Based on the current energy consumption situation of existing masonry-concrete residential buildings in China, it discussed the main energy-saving renovation policies and technologies. Taking existing masonry-concrete residential building of Taiyuan city as a case, it analyzed its heat loss situations, energy-saving renovation design and reconstruction technologies of building envelope. It discussed energy-saving renovation effects. Energy efficiency and indoor thermal environment improved significantly after energy-saving renovation. The building life is extended.
3
Mohafezatkar Sereshkeh, Abolfazl, and Reza Jamshidi Chenari. "Induced Settlement Reduction of Adjacent Masonry Building in Residential Constructions." Civil Engineering Journal 3, no. 7 (July 30, 2017): 450–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.28991/cej-2017-00000104.
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Many buildings and heritages are yearly damaged due to new construction plans in vicinity of them. Current engineering practice in Iran lacks unfortunately regulations to enforce the designers of new buildings to re-evaluate the structural integrity of adjacent old buildings which are prone to unacceptable induced settlement and distortions. To damage assessment of old building, deflection ratio was used for unreinforced load-bearing wall (masonry) building. In this paper some practical methods like story limits for the new buildings according to the specification of old structure, improvement of shallow foundations and increasing the embedment depth of new foundations have been studied in order to decrease the settlement and undesirable effects of adjacent constructions. Parametric studies using numerical analysis, Flac3D, have paved the way how above mentioned methods can remedy the problem. So induced consolidation settlements due to new construction in adjacent building were studied. In conclusion, increase of admissible story of new building up to one floor by increase of embedment depth as much as one meter and three floors by using of mat foundation instead of single footing were highlighted these methods.
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Sandoli, A., G. P. Lignola, B. Calderoni, and A. Prota. "Fragility curves for Italian URM buildings based on a hybrid method." Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering 19, no. 12 (June 18, 2021): 4979–5013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10518-021-01155-4.
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AbstractA hybrid seismic fragility model for territorial-scale seismic vulnerability assessment of masonry buildings is developed and presented in this paper. The method combines expert-judgment and mechanical approaches to derive typological fragility curves for Italian residential masonry building stock. The first classifies Italian masonry buildings in five different typological classes as function of age of construction, structural typology, and seismic behaviour and damaging of buildings observed following the most severe earthquakes occurred in Italy. The second, based on numerical analyses results conducted on building prototypes, provides all the parameters necessary for developing fragility functions. Peak-Ground Acceleration (PGA) at Ultimate Limit State attainable by each building’s class has been chosen as an Intensity Measure to represent fragility curves: three types of curve have been developed, each referred to mean, maximum and minimum value of PGAs defined for each building class. To represent the expected damage scenario for increasing earthquake intensities, a correlation between PGAs and Mercalli-Cancani-Sieber macroseismic intensity scale has been used and the corresponding fragility curves developed. Results show that the proposed building’s classes are representative of the Italian masonry building stock and that fragility curves are effective for predicting both seismic vulnerability and expected damage scenarios for seismic-prone areas. Finally, the fragility curves have been compared with empirical curves obtained through a macroseismic approach on Italian masonry buildings available in literature, underlining the differences between the methods.
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Korentz, Jacek, and Beata Nowogońska. "Assessment of the life cycle of masonry walls in residential buildings." MATEC Web of Conferences 174 (2018): 01025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201817401025.
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Environmental assessment over the course of the full life cycle of a building (LCA - Life Cycle Assessment) covers the environmental burden connected with energy consumption and the accompanying emission of contaminants into the atmosphere from the moment of obtaining a raw material and all stages of its processing and treatment, through the service life of a building, up to the moment that the use value of the building expires and the storage of waste. Literature on the subject is already very rich in this scope. There are numerous works pertaining to the guidelines for calculating all costs of the life cycle of buildings, i.e. environmental, economic and social costs. In these works, however, not much is said about the means of determining the life cycle of building structures. This is very important, especially in the case of the analysing the cycle of the further existence of buildings no longer in use, as well as newly designed ones. The article presents a method of predicting the performance characteristics of a building over the course of its use. The application of this method has been illustrated by the prediction of the performance characteristics of masonry walls, verified by studies carried out on existing buildings. The method - the purpose of research, can be applied to determine the life cycle (LC) of buildings for which LCCA (Life Cycle Cost Analysis) is carried out. A significant problem pertaining to every object in use is ensuring adequate reliability. The process of modeling reliability should have a mathematical basis enabling the problem to be described in detail. The ultimate aim is applying this description when solving problems connected with planning renovation work.
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Koka, Petraq, Nikolla Vesho, and Fabion Shehu. "Analysis of 5 Floors Brick Masonry Building Type 77/5." European Journal of Engineering and Technology Research 6, no. 5 (July 22, 2021): 57–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejers.2021.6.5.2517.
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The study below presents the main results of numerical analyzes, performed to assess the seismic response of an existing building, with brick masonry, type 77/5. This building is part of the group of 4-5 residential buildings, built in the years 1975-1990, considered as a “TYPE”, each of which was used many times for identical buildings.
This project is the result of a collective work of the Design Institute, approved by the Ministry of Construction of that time, and of course, manifests the time limitations and shortcomings.
While these 5-story buildings cover a significant percentage of residential buildings, the fundamental question is: “Are these buildings safe under seismic action, while so many families are accommodated on them?”
This question stems from the following limitation:
- The 77/5 plan derives from regular forms, based on the recommendations of Eurocode 8 [4.2.3.2], p.48, and KTP.N.2-89 (Technical Design Conditions), published by the Academy of Sciences of Albania.
- The technical literature provides recommendations and restrictions for masonry buildings with a height of not more than 3 floors. When they exceed this height, they are not included in these recommendations.
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Nowogońska, Beata. "Prognosis of the technical condition of masonry walls in residential buildings." Budownictwo i Architektura 13, no. 3 (September 11, 2014): 027–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.35784/bud-arch.1760.
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The basis for diagnosis of technical buildings includes information collected by the measurement system and generated by suitable computational procedures. In the case of residential buildings, the parameter describing the symptoms of efficiency / inefficiency of components of a building is defined as the degree of wear, determined during periodic inspections. The degrees of wear of components of a building performed in the same technology. i.e. similar structure-strength systems, and with similar materials are the key figures in the prediction of the reliability of a building.The article presents the methodology of predicting operational reliability of masonry walls. The predictions of the degree of wear for walls, described with the Rayleigh distribution function, have been verified with the assessment of the technical condition of buildings in Zielona Góra.
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Bilgin, H., and O. Korini. "Seismic capacity evaluation of unreinforced masonry residential buildings in Albania." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 12, no. 12 (December 19, 2012): 3753–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-12-3753-2012.
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Abstract. This study evaluates seismic capacity of the unreinforced masonry buildings with the selected template designs constructed per pre-modern code in Albania considering nonlinear behaviour of masonry. Three residential buildings with template designs were selected to represent an important percentage of residential buildings in medium-size cities located in seismic regions of Albania. Selection of template designed buildings and material properties were based on archive and site survey in several cities of Albania. Capacity curves of investigated buildings were determined by pushover analyses conducted in two principal directions. The seismic performances of these buildings have been determined for various earthquake levels. Seismic capacity evaluation was carried out in accordance with FEMA (Federal Emergency Management Agency) 440 guidelines. Reasons for building damages in past earthquakes are examined using the results of capacity assessment of investigated buildings. It is concluded that of the residential buildings with the template design, with the exception of one, are far from satisfying required performance criteria. Furthermore, deficiencies and possible solutions to improve the capacity of investigated buildings are discussed.
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Paudel, Kshitiz. "Seismic Vulnerability Assessment of Typical Stone Masonry Building." Journal of Innovations in Engineering Education 3, no. 1 (March 31, 2020): 92–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jiee.v3i1.34330.
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Masonry, the most commonly used building typology is the building of structures from individual units, which are often laid in and bound together by mortar. Masonry structures are the most vulnerable with external forces. Nepal is disaster prone zone and get frequently attack by various hazard such as earthquake, wind storms, flash-floods, fire, landslides, heavy rain fall, lightening and many more. So, in order to maintain resistive structures, seismic vulnerability of structure should be examined. Nepal Population and housing Census 2011, total 3350143 (2,397,441 –Mud bonded bricks/stone and 952,702- Cement Bonded bricks/ stone) houses out of 5423297 (61.77%) are found to be have masonry foundations. So, to link the context of Resistance structures in Nepal’s context first of all, the predominating stone masonry spread widely over Nepal must be checked for their seismic vulnerability. So, a typical residential stone masonry building is taken for this study. Seismic Vulnerability of the Building is examined in accordance with guidance provided by Government of Nepal- Ministry of Physical Planning and Works, 2011 in their guideline which describe the procedure for qualitative and quantitative assessment of structural earthquake vulnerability of public and private buildings in Nepal. Furthermore, Building is modelled and analyzed by using ETABS software. The outcome obtained from ETABS software are used to find the condition of building and to propose method for its strengthening.
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Ali, Qaisar, Akhtar Naeem Khan, Mohammad Ashraf, Awais Ahmed, Bashir Alam, Naveed Ahmad, Mohammad Javed, Shahzad Rahman, Mohammad Fahim, and Mohammad Umar. "Seismic Performance of Stone Masonry Buildings Used in the Himalayan Belt." Earthquake Spectra 29, no. 4 (November 2013): 1159–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/091711eqs228m.
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Rubble-stone masonry structures are found abundantly in the Asian countries along the Himalayan range. Such structures are usually constructed in dry-stone masonry or are constructed in mud mortar, which makes them susceptible to damage and collapse in earthquakes. In order to study the seismic behavior of these structures, dynamic shake table tests on three reduced-scale rubble-stone masonry models were conducted. The models comprised a representative school building, a residential building, and a model incorporating simple cost-effective features in the form of horizontal and vertical reinforced concrete elements. This paper presents the results of shake table tests carried out on rubble-stone masonry buildings including: damage pattern, capacity curves, damage limit states, and response modification factors of these structures. Test data indicates that seismic performance of rubble-stone masonry structures can be significantly improved by incorporating cost-effective features such as vertical members and relatively thin horizontal bands.
11
Partene, Eva, Luminita Fekete-Nagy, and V. Stoian. "Evaluation Of Shear Capacity For Brick Masonry Walls." Journal of Applied Engineering Sciences 5, no. 1 (May 1, 2015): 69–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jaes-2015-0009.
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Abstract The papers presents the results of an experimental program and provides valuable information regarding the behaviour of structural masonry walls built up using ceramic blocks with hollows, which represents a very common system for low-rise residential buildings, up to 4 stories, depending on the seismic acceleration on site. A number of six masonry walls where tested in bear state being subjected to constant vertical loading and to cyclic in-plane horizontal loads. The main objective was to determine the shear capacity for unreinforced masonry walls and reinforced masonry walls. The experimental results were also useful to determine the contribution of the reinforcing of the masonry walls with concrete columns. The comparison between unreinforced masonry and reinforced masonry has a great importance due to the fact that the Romanian Seismic Standards have imposed the reinforcement in seismic areas for building with more than 1 storey. Further studies will be conducted on strengthening the masonry walls using FRP materials.
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Cheng, Jun. "Research and Application of the Load-Bearing Aerated Concrete Masonry Structural System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 357-360 (August 2013): 798–804. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.357-360.798.
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Load-bearing aerated concrete block A7.5 B07 is applied to the construction , multi-storey masonry residential and cast-in-place structure over ± 0.00 of the residential is made of ceramsite concrete. The results of energy-saving test comply with the requirements of the existing building energy-saving design, exploring a new residential energy-saving system.
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Kustura, Mladen, and Ivan Matijević. "Numerical analysis of a masonry residential building using AmQuake software." E-Zbornik, elektronički zbornik radova Građevinskog fakulteta 10, no. 20 (December 18, 2020): 83–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.47960/2232-9080.2020.20.10.83.
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Blagojević, Predrag, Svetlana Brzev, and Radovan Cvetković. "Simplified Seismic Assessment of Unreinforced Masonry Residential Buildings in the Balkans: The Case of Serbia." Buildings 11, no. 9 (September 3, 2021): 392. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings11090392.
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The paper presents a study on the existing low-rise unreinforced masonry (URM) buildings constructed in the period from 1945 to 1980 in Serbia and neighbouring countries in the Balkans. Buildings of this typology experienced damage in a few earthquakes in the region, including the 2010 Kraljevo, Serbia earthquake and the 2020 Petrinja, Croatia earthquake. The focus of the study is a seismic design approach for Simple masonry buildings according to Eurocode 8, Part 1, which is based on the minimum requirements for the total wall area relative to the floor plan area, which is referred to as Wall Index (WI) in this paper. Although the intention of Eurocode 8 is to use WI for design of new buildings, the authors believe that it could be also used for seismic assessment of existing masonry buildings in pre- and post-earthquake situations. A study on 23 URM buildings damaged in the 2010 Kraljevo, Serbia earthquake has been presented to examine a relationship between the WI and the extent of earthquake damage. Seismic evaluation of a typical 3-storey URM building damaged in the 2010 earthquake was performed according to the requirements of seismic design codes from the former Yugoslavia and Eurocode 8.
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Kalimullina N.V, Babajanova Z., and Atamurotov O.E. "Relatively light walling in single-storey residential buildings in rural areas." International Journal on Integrated Education 3, no. 6 (June 30, 2020): 84–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.31149/ijie.v3i6.416.
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The scientific article provides some considerations for the use of relatively new heat and sound insulation materials. As fencing, load-bearing, self-supporting structures, as well as for the walls of external auxiliary premises, the replacement of masonry with other alternatives is proposed. The authors offer ideas on the use of some lightweight concrete, such as foam concrete, the production of which at present can reduce the cost of building exemplary residential buildings.
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Avila-Haro, Jorge Arturo, Ahmed Saad Elshoura, and Jiří Maca. "Seismic Assessment of Unreinforced Masonry Buildings." Applied Mechanics and Materials 837 (June 2016): 16–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.837.16.
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The first case study used in this work is an existing seven-storey unreinforced masonry building (representing a typical residential building located in the district of L ́Example in Barcelona). The accuracy of the non-linear static procedures was evaluated by comparison with non-linear dynamic analyses for seven ground motion records and different levels of seismic intensity. The results obtained from the analyses showed good performance of the static pushover methods on the analysed building. The second case study used in this work is a two-storey unreinforced masonry building which was tested at ELSA in Ispra, Italy. First a modal response spectrum analysis was carried out. Subsequently, non-linear static analysis was performed using two different computer programmes. The results of the present work were compared with experimental results.
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Ademović, Naida, Daniel V. Oliveira, and Paulo B. Lourenço. "Seismic Evaluation and Strengthening of an Existing Masonry Building in Sarajevo, B&H." Buildings 9, no. 2 (January 22, 2019): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings9020030.
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A significant number of old unreinforced load-bearing masonry (URM) buildings exist in many countries worldwide, but especially in Europe. In particular, Bosnia and Herzegovina has an important stock of masonry buildings constructed from the 1920s until the 1960s without application of any seismic code, due to their nonexistence at that time. With the 1963 Skopje earthquake, this class of buildings were shown to be rather vulnerable to seismic actions, which exhibited serious damage. This article assesses the seismic vulnerability of a typical multi-storey residential unreinforced load-bearing masonry building located in the heart of Sarajevo, which may be exposed to an earthquake of magnitude up to 6 by Richter’s scale. The buildings of this kind make up to 6% of the entire housing stock in the urban region of Sarajevo, while in Slovenia this percentage is much higher (around 30%). The analysis of a typical building located in Sarajevo revealed its drawbacks and the need for some kind of strengthening intervention to be implemented. Additionally, many structures of this type are overstressed by one to two additional floors (not the case of the analyzed structure) constructed from 1996 onwards. This was due to the massive population increase in the city center of Sarajevo and further increased the vulnerability of these buildings.
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Sukrawa, Made, Gede Pringgana, and Putu Ayu Ratih Yustinaputri. "Modelling of confined masonry structure and its application for the design of multi-story building." MATEC Web of Conferences 276 (2019): 01034. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201927601034.
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The confined masonry (CM) structure has been commonly used in the construction of one-story buildings in Indonesia. Its application for multi-story buildings however, is not yet as popular as the alternative options. This research numerically investigated the behavior of confined masonry and its application for use as the main structure of multi-story buildings subjected to seismic loading. From the validation models it was revealed that, using shell element for masonry walls, reinforced concrete beams and tie-columns, the CM model mimic the load deformation curve of tested specimen better than that using frame and shell elements. The application of the modeling technique for the design of 3-story residential building using wall density index less than that suggested in the literature resulted in a safe and stiff structure. The wall stresses under design seismic load were still less than the wall strength and the drift ratio of the model was 0.06% much smaller than the limit of 0.2%. The maximum stress observed at the corners of wall opening justify the need for confinement along the opening.
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Hao, Chang Ge, and Yong Sheng Zhang. "Analysis of Bottom Frame Masonry Structure Residential Building Transition Layer Design." Applied Mechanics and Materials 256-259 (December 2012): 608–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.256-259.608.
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Based on a seven-storey Masonry structure building with bottom framework . This paper states and analysis it’s aseismic design,has been obtain the internal forces and deformation of this structure in the earthquake. Mathematical model built in full accordance with the current design specifications ,The comparison of calculated results with experimental results agree with well . In addition present a sustainable design method to improve the seismic capacity of such structures in earthquake action.Have a certain reference value to the engineering staff.
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Marshall, Justin D., Anna F. Lang, Steven M. Baldridge, and Daniel R. Popp. "Recipe for Disaster: Construction Methods, Materials, and Building Performance in the January 2010 Haiti Earthquake." Earthquake Spectra 27, no. 1_suppl1 (October 2011): 323–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.3637031.
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The earthquake that shook Hispaniola on 12 January 2010 devastated Haiti. The damage was widespread due to uncontrolled construction, poor material quality, and lack of rigorous engineering design. Post-event reconnaissance has brought to light serious deficiencies in these areas. Residential buildings in Haiti are typically constructed by their owners, who may or may not have the skills or resources to build a structure that is earthquake-safe. Few structures are designed by engineering professionals or are inspected for quality of construction. The two most common construction materials are masonry block and reinforced concrete. Masonry blocks, concrete cylinders, and reinforcing steel were taken from Haiti and tested in the United States. The concrete and masonry were shown to be of low strength and quality. The steel samples show expected strength properties with some specimens having reduced ductility due to bending. Building performance is demonstrated by reconnaissance photographs and case studies of the structures inspected by reconnaissance team members.
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PonmalarV, Aravindraj V, and Nandhini K. "STUDY ON FACTORS INFLUENCING LABOUR PRODUCTIVITY IN RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS IN INDIAN SCENARIO." International Journal of Engineering Technologies and Management Research 5, no. 2 (February 10, 2020): 239–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/ijetmr.v5.i2.2018.168.
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The construction sector is diverse as it contains contractors, consultants, designers, owners and others. Poor productivity of construction workers is one of the causes of cost and time overruns in construction projects. As construction is a labour-intensive industry, this paper focuses on labour productivity in the construction industry and to identify factors affecting labour productivity at building construction project. The performance of labour is affected by many factors and is usually linked to the performance of time, cost, work pressure, safety measures and quality. The questionnaires were distributed to supervisors, project Engineer, labourers, the top 35 factors were identified, categorized into 3 different groups, using SPSS tool, which is analytical software, the factors were analyzed and ranked considering relative importance index were calculated. And also calculated actual productivity for Brick Masonry is taken from sites. The result shows the factors considered which most affects the labour productivity loss in residential buildings and actual productivity versus expected productivity the brick masonry work were calculated.
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Izbitskaya, Y. S., S. V. Kaloshina, and D. G. Zolotozubov. "THE ANALYSIS OF DEFECTS AND REPAIR METHODS OF THE FRONT LAYER OF BRICKWORK OF MULTILAYER WALLS ON THE EXAMPLE OF A RESIDENTIAL BUILDING IN PERM." Construction and Geotechnics 10, no. 2 (December 15, 2019): 40–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.15593/2224-9826/2019.4.04.
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The article discusses the problem of defects in the front layer of brickwork of multilayer walls. At many facilities constructed using the technology of laminated masonry with brick facing, after several years of operation, defects such as vertical cracks in the masonry face layer and destruction of the bricks of the face layer begin to appear. These defects violate the aesthetic appearance of the building, reduce the thermal characteristics of the external walls, and, in some cases, can lead to the collapse of certain sections of the brick cladding layer. This problem is considered on the example of a 10-storey residential building with external multilayer walls, located in Perm. The building was commissioned in 2005, but already in 2010, many defects of the front layer of masonry were discovered. The article provides data obtained during surveys carried out in 2010 and 2019. The main defects of the external masonry verst are described, among which one can distinguish the destruction of the masonry face layer, vertical cracks, the absence of stitching along the supporting corner of the masonry, and the absence of expansion joints. The main causes of damage are associated with numerous deviations from the project. The results of calculating the outer verst of brickwork for eccentric compression are presented. As measures aimed at eliminating defects, the article describes possible methods of repairing the face masonry: the installation of vertical and horizontal expansion joints, longitudinal reinforcement and anchoring with BIT rods to prevent the development of vertical cracks and destruction of the masonry.
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Sucuoğlu, HalÛk. "Implications of Masonry Infill and Partition Damage in Performance Perception in Residential Buildings after a Moderate Earthquake." Earthquake Spectra 29, no. 2 (May 2013): 661–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.4000147.
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Engineers usually focus on the performance of structural members, whereas the occupants of a residential building are affected mostly by the performance of infill and partition walls in buildings after a moderate earthquake. This often creates controversy and discussion regarding the post-earthquake use of buildings. Seismic rehabilitation codes for existing buildings offer sophisticated measures in rating the seismic performances of structural components, whereas performance measures suggested for infill and other partition walls are crude by comparison. Furthermore, seismic design codes for new buildings totally disregard such disparity, since their force-based approaches are built on single-level performance targets specified implicitly for the entire building under a design level, that is, a rare earthquake. In this paper, performance levels of buildings after an earthquake of moderate intensity are discussed from the viewpoints of engineers and building occupants. Suggestions are made for achieving uniform performance in structures where the seismic forces are resisted by structural members as well as the infills and partition walls coupling with the structural system although the contribution of such walls to seismic resistance and their performance is not usually considered in design.
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Gautam, Dipendra. "The building features acquired from the indigenous technology contributing in the better performance during earthquake: a case study of Bhaktapur City." Journal of Science and Engineering 2 (January 30, 2014): 41–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jsce.v2i0.22486.
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This paper compiles the indigenous technologies adopted in the Bhaktapur municipality, Nepal in the unreinforced masonry construction of traditional Newari houses constituting more than 90% buildings in Bhaktapur municipality and their significance during the earthquake. The building units adopted in this area are studied with respect to their performance during earthquake on the basis of seismic resistant design philosophy. The traditionally built non-engineered buildings have drawn the attention of disaster managers for many years; in this regard, the unreinforced masonry buildings (Newari houses) were assessed after the Sikkim-Nepal boarder earthquake of 2011.Still, the buildings constructed before the starting of engineering construction in Nepal are widely used for residential purpose at this culturally rich city and the traditional building construction technology which is the indigenous technology has been practiced for centuries too. The building features are analyzed with respect to their seismic performance and their contribution was analyzed as per the historical database; established practices and theories for earthquake resistant design (EQRD). The collected features and the analyses proved the features of the buildings to be sound during earthquake, though; the buildings were constructed with indigenous technology which nevertheless consults the EQRD within it. The indigenous technology at this city has been attached with the culture of the Newars for centuries.
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Vettore, Marco, Marco Donà, Pietro Carpanese, Veronica Follador, Francesca da Porto, and Maria Rosa Valluzzi. "A Multilevel Procedure at Urban Scale to Assess the Vulnerability and the Exposure of Residential Masonry Buildings: The Case Study of Pordenone, Northeast Italy." Heritage 3, no. 4 (November 28, 2020): 1433–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/heritage3040080.
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More than the 60% of the Italian residential building stock had already been built by 1974, when seismic codes were enforced on a minimal part of the country. Unreinforced masonry buildings represent most of that share, but they are typical for each region, in terms of both materials and structural configurations. The definition of ‘regional’, i.e., more specific, vulnerability and exposure models are required to improve existing forecast models. The research presents a new geographic information system (GIS)-based multilevel procedure for earthquake disaster prevention planning at urban scale; it includes multicriteria analysis, such as architectural types, structural vulnerability analysis, microzonation studies, and socio-economic aspects. The procedure has been applied to the municipality of Pordenone (PN), a district town of the Friuli–Venezia–Giulia region, in Northeast Italy. To assess the urban seismic risk, more than 5000 masonry residential buildings were investigated and common types within sub-municipal areas and exposure data were collected. Simplified mechanical analysis provided a ‘regional’ vulnerability model through typological fragility curves. The integration of results into GIS tool permitted the definition of cross-mapping among vulnerability, damage scenarios (conditional and unconditional) and exposure (seismic losses, casualties, impact), with respect to various earthquake intensities expected in the town. These results are presented at different scales: from the single building, to submunicipal area and to the entire town.
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Montazerolghaem, Mahdi, and Wolfram Jäger. "Reliability Verification of Unreinforced Masonry Wall." Modern Applied Science 10, no. 6 (April 10, 2016): 159. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/mas.v10n6p159.
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Unreinforced masonry (URM) is known as sustainable building material and is on the top of worldwide building materials consumed in residential buildings. The reliability level of a designed URM shear walls (URMW) has major influence on safety and cost of masonry constructions. Assessing the reliability level of different URMW is the purpose of this paper.The verification methods for combination of in-plane shear and compression according to the latest version of German National Annex of Eurocode 6are presented. The design models available in the code are rephrased and direct deterministic equations are introduced to predict the capacity. Limit State and Reliability Verification of URM Wall.On this base, several limit state are established and reliability analysis using crude Monte Carlo method are run. The effect of uncertainty on assessed reliability is highlighted. The distinction between linear and non-linear application of partial safety factors are assessed. The result of reliability analysis, based on the available probabilistic information on material with uncertainty models for designed URMW is presented in the article.The principal results are the actual reliability level found in the study regarding various masonry walls designed according to the latest German National Annex code DIN EN 1996-1-1 /NA: 2012-05 on different load situation. A review on the common target reliability index for structures according to different codes is done and the assessed reliability is compared with the target value.
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Ma, Jin Zhu, and Shu Ting Du. "Analysis on Ecological Technology and Environment Impact Evaluation of Rammed Earth Residence." Advanced Materials Research 450-451 (January 2012): 1588–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.450-451.1588.
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Taking rammed earth residence of anji eco-house project in zhejiang province as an example, the ecological building technology used in its material selection, construction method, palisade structure practice, building design was analyzed, environmental impact of rammed earth residence was evaluated from two aspects of energy consumption and CO2 emission. It was found that energy consumption and annual CO2 emissions per area of rammed earth residence is far lower than that of common brick masonry structure residential, it shows the rammed earth residence has good ecological environmental protection performance and is worth to reference in other rural residential construction.
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Demchyna, Bohdan, and Leonid Vozniuk. "Emergency condition of loggies in buildings with supporting brick walls." Theory and Building Practice 2020, no. 2 (November 20, 2020): 28–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/jtbp2020.02.028.
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This article is devoted to the problems of the existing residential buildings of 70-80 years of construction of the last century, which have been in operation for about 50 years and are subject to immediate technical inspection. The most important factor for the safe operation of such buildings is the quality of construction, as in this period the construction was performed with many shortcomings that are manifested today. The article describes the problem of joints of loggias with the building in the design and construction of multi-storey buildings with load-bearing brick walls. Poor ligation of bricks in the masonry, as well as the lack of quality ligation of the transverse walls of loggias with load-bearing longitudinal walls of the building leads to the formation of cracks on the entire height of the loggias, which completely cut them at the abutment, which creates an emergency collapse of building structures. A real example of such a problem in the existing 9-storey building with brick load-bearing walls, where the shortcomings of construction were manifested, namely the poor quality of masonry at the junction of loggias to the load-bearing walls of the building. The structural scheme is also described, as well as the main structures of the building. The main damages and defects are shown. Using the PC "LIRA-SAPR" created a calculation model and compared the results of calculations with the existing condition of the considered area of the building. Recommendations for strengthening the emergency section of the building are given.
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Comerio, Mary C. "Impacts of the Los Angeles Retrofit Ordinance on Residential Buildings." Earthquake Spectra 8, no. 1 (February 1992): 79–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.1585671.
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The Los Angeles Earthquake Hazards Reduction Ordinance, enacted in 1981 required owners of all unreinforced masonry (URM) buildings to comply with retroactive seismic standards. Among the 8100 URM buildings are approximately 1600 residential buildings with 46,000 housing units. As of March 1991, 55% are complete, 13% are in progress, 12% have been demolished and 20% have not complied. Data kept by the city shows the average cost per unit to be about $6000, and the average rent increase for tenants to be $67 per month, a 14-26% increase over pre-retrofit rents. Less than one-third of the owners completing the retrofit have applied for rent increases. Only 6% of the completed buildings have received financing assistance from the city. Two-thirds of the residential building owners appear to be finding the financing to complete the retrofit without assistance from the city but the remaining one-third of the units are at risk because owners are unable or unwilling to undertake the required work. Tenants who were forced to leave demolished or vacated units had difficulty finding replacement housing at affordable rents, and all tenants in downtown neighborhoods have been impacted by increasing rents and lost units. The Los Angeles experience is important for other cities attempting to establish ordinances and prepare policy for assisting building owners and tenants.
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Valluzzi, Maria Rosa, Luca Sbrogiò, and Ylenia Saretta. "Intervention Strategies for the Seismic Improvement of Masonry Buildings Based on FME Validation: The Case of a Terraced Building Struck by the 2016 Central Italy Earthquake." Buildings 11, no. 9 (September 10, 2021): 404. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings11090404.
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Residential masonry buildings represent a large stock among highly vulnerable structures in medium–high seismic hazard areas, often built without any anti-seismic provisions. Their rehabilitation and/or strengthening according to optimised intervention strategies is topical and may contribute to revaluating zones characterized by depopulation phenomena. In this paper, a terraced building struck by the 2016 Central Italy earthquake is analysed through a frame by macro element (FME) model. The building is composed of six two-storey units made of stone and clay block masonry walls and semi-rigid diaphragms. The numerical model was calibrated based on the damage pattern caused by the earthquake and then used to carry out parametric analyses on the strengthened conditions by simulating both one unit and the entire terrace. The effects of interventions applied to either vertical or horizontal components, both singularly and in combination, were analysed in terms of nonlinear static analyses, and quantified by a performance factor, according to the upgraded seismic code in Italy. Kinematic analyses also completed the assessment of the building. Results compared the capacity of interventions in attaining the targets defined for improvement at both local and overall levels.
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Хрянина, Ольга, Ol'ga Hryanina, Юсеф Янгуразов, and Yousef Yangurazov. "The possibility of an extension to the floor of a non-residential building using lightweight structural elements of increased rigidity." Construction and Architecture 7, no. 1 (April 19, 2019): 28–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.29039/article_5ca75f9d41ab84.76005030.
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The authors summarized the extensive experience of reconstruction of buildings taking into account the superstructure. A visual full-scale inspection of the actual technical condition of the main bearing and enclosing structures of a non-residential one-storey building was carried out. The possibility of superstructure on the floor of the building using lightweight structural elements of high rigidity is considered.
According to the results of the survey, an assessment of the technical condition of the structures is given. The General satisfactory condition of the foundations, walls, internal supports, building covering was revealed. Unacceptable deflections of plates, cracks in the plates and between them are not fixed. However, in the wall at row G has haphazardly small cracks on external verst masonry, which appeared likely to result from the soaking of the masonry from leaks from the roof and changes in temperature and humidity. At the moment, the cracks have stabilized, the leaks have been eliminated.
The calculations of the foundations of the test conditions of the stress under the foot and stress check given add-in. Conclusions and recommendations are formulated. For the wall on the axis G in the process of construction and operation must be monitored. In case of activation of development of constructive cracks to solve a question of possible strengthening.
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De Risi, Maria Teresa, Carlo Del Gaudio, and Gerardo Mario Verderame. "A component-level methodology to evaluate the seismic repair costs of infills and services for Italian RC buildings." Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering 18, no. 14 (September 10, 2020): 6533–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10518-020-00944-7.
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Abstract The reliable estimation of seismic losses due to damage to buildings is paramount for the post-emergency management and the planning of recovery activities. For residential reinforced concrete (RC) infilled buildings, a significant role in the computation of seismic loss is played by non-structural components, above all infills, partitions and services, as shown in past earthquakes. In this work, a component-based methodology is proposed to assess seismic losses for residential RC buildings in Mediterranean region. The attention is focused on the repairing activities for masonry infills (typical enclosure or partitions elements in Italian and Mediterranean RC buildings), and for services (plumbing systems, electric equipment, floor/wall tiles…), commonly enclosed within the infill panels for the considered building typology. The described methodology can be used starting from the expected damage level to infills and partitions. It adopts given repair unit costs at different damage states of infills. The loss estimation methodology has been, first, validated by comparing predicted and actual repair costs for specific case-study buildings damaged by L’Aquila (Italy) 2009 earthquake. Then, the methodology has been applied to a wide dataset of RC buildings (about 2500 residential buildings) damaged by L’Aquila earthquake available from the literature, to show its possible application at a large-scale level. A good agreement between observed and predicted costs is obtained both for specific case-study buildings and for the wider building stock, especially when damage to structural components is very limited.
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Cancellara, Donato, Fabio de Angelis, and Vittorio Pasquino. "Characterization of an Autoclaved Aerated Concrete Building with Respect to a Similar Unreinforced Masonry Structure." Advanced Materials Research 476-478 (February 2012): 847–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.476-478.847.
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In the present work some characteristical features of autoclaved aerated concrete structures are illustrated in the seismic and nonseismic design for residential and industrial buildings. Besides the properties of this material with regards to fire resistance and thermal and acoustical insulation, the use of autoclaved aerated concrete for engineering structures may have the advantage of a confined structure with reinforced concrete bond elements that are disposed horizontally and vertically. In the present work the dynamical behavior of a building prototype realized with autoclaved aerated concrete is analyzed, a finite element modelling of the structure has been calibrated according to an experimental modal analysis carried by loading the structure with a vibrodyne located on top of the building and by monitoring the building outputs due to horizontal harmonic forces. The finite element modelling of the dynamical behavior of the autoclaved aerated concrete structure has been compared with a similar tuff masonry building whose characteristical behavior has already been the object of experimental and numerical analysis in a previous work.
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Petrovski, Aleksandar, Jelena Ivanovic-Sekularac, and Nenad Sekularac. "Comparison of wooden and conventional houses sustainability: Increasing application of modified wood in R. of Macedonia." Thermal Science 23, no. 3 Part B (2019): 1943–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci180705292p.
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The residential sector in Republic of North Macedonia, situated in south-east Europe, is responsible for the consumption of significant amounts of resources and for the production of large amount of emissions and waste. The increased application of wood products can substantially improve these conditions and contribute towards increasing the sustainability in the construction industry and the creation of sustainable homes. The contribution of this paper is the simulation of four different alternatives of residential buildings in the Republic of North Macedonia, evaluated in terms of energy performance and life-cycle assessment for the "cradle to gate" phase. The results of this study revealed that by replacing conventional concrete and masonry constructions with wooden constructions in low-rise family houses, the carbon emissions can be reduced up to 145%. The contribution of this paper is the simulation and analysis of the energy performance by using building performance simulation tools and life-cycle assessment of a residential building and its optimization through several models. The results give significant insight on the influence that the different construction materials have on the environment and buildings performance. Also, the research enables stimulation of the construction industry in utilizing wooden structures and delivering legislation that could increase their use. These actions would provide means for the development of sustainable buildings, neighborhoods and sustainable development of the Republic of North Macedonia.
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Roter-Blagojević, Mirjana, and Ljiljana Đukanović. "Belgrade housing modernisation in the first half of 20th century: Transformation of spatial concept, construction and materialization of multy-story residential buildings." Arhitektura i urbanizam, no. 51 (2020): 46–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/a-u0-29194.
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Multi-storey business-residential and residential buildings have been increasingly present in Belgrade since 1900 and testify to its accelerated modernisation. In the period before the WWI, the basic types of multi-family residential buildings were developed and characteristic forms of building assemblies and spatial organisation of apartments were formed. As builders were educated in Central European centres (Pest, Vienna, Munich, Aachen, Berlin and Zurich), the types of assemblies and apartments were created according to their influence. After the war, in addition to the old generation of architects, the younger generation, educated at the Architectural Department of the Technical Faculty in Belgrade, is also active, which contributes to a greater variety of solutions and the influence of other European centres (Prague and Paris). Through the analysis, examples from the period 1900-14 and 1918-41 are considered and compared to define the basic types of building shapes, assemblies and spatial organization of apartments. The research confirms the thesis on the continuity of development and application of the same basic types of buildings and spatial organisation of apartments in both periods. The thesis of continuous use of masonry construction for making walls in both periods was also confirmed, while the use of modern material, reinforced concrete, and semi-prefabricated Herbst construction was established during the third and fourth decades of the 20th century.
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da Porto, Francesca, Marco Donà, Annalisa Rosti, Maria Rota, Sergio Lagomarsino, Serena Cattari, Barbara Borzi, et al. "Comparative analysis of the fragility curves for Italian residential masonry and RC buildings." Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering 19, no. 8 (May 26, 2021): 3209–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10518-021-01120-1.
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AbstractThe Department of Civil Protection (DPC), in compliance with the EU decision 1313/2013 and at the request of the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030 to update the disaster risk assessments by various countries, released the latest National Risk Assessment for Italy at the end of 2018. Specifically, as regards the seismic risk assessment, six research units belonging to two centres of competence of the DPC collaborated under its guidance to update the risk maps of the Italian residential heritage. This extensive collaboration complied with the recent Italian code for Civil Protection, which requires a broad scientific consensus for risk assessment. During this research activity, six fragility models were developed, according to some common criteria (four for masonry buildings and two for RC buildings). These models were then implemented by the DPC for the definition of the national seismic risk. Within this context, the aim of this paper is to evaluate the risk results provided by these models, compare their features, and assess and validate their prediction capabilities. In particular, this paper shows the comparison of predicted and observed damage scenarios and consequences on building stock and the population of two seismic events, i.e. L’Aquila 2009 and Amatrice 2016. Furthermore, the paper provides some interesting damage and risk predictions at a national level. Overall, the forecasts and comparisons made in this study demonstrate the validity of the approach adopted by the DPC for the assessment of national seismic risk.
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Russell, Stanley R., and Jana Buchter. "Waste Clay as a Green Building Material." Advanced Materials Research 261-263 (May 2011): 501–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.261-263.501.
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Two of the primary waste components of the Phosphates benefaction process, sand and clay have been used as building materials for thousands of years. A process known as rammed earth has been used extensively around the world in buildings that have lasted for centuries. Because earth is the main ingredient in rammed earth it has recently enjoyed new popularity as a so called “green” building material. In a similar process earth is compressed into blocks which are then used in the same way as conventional masonry units to build walls. In the compressed earth block [CEB] method, individual units can be manufactured and stockpiled for later use rather than being fabricated on site as in the rammed earth process. This research project will investigate the potential use of waste clay and tailing sand from the phosphate benefaction process as the primary ingredients in compressed earth blocks for commercial and residential construction projects.
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Maharjan, Rajib, and Vivek Shrestha. "Analysis of One Bay Residential Building with Combined RCC Frame and Load Bearing Wall Structures." Journal of the Institute of Engineering 13, no. 1 (June 22, 2018): 117–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jie.v13i1.20356.
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The major purpose of this study is to justify construction method of a hybrid structure in core area with construction complexity due unsafe excavation conditions and tries to define its rigidity and strength. Both RCC and Frame structure transfer same load to ground through foundation but the transfer mechanism varies. In some practical condition, building construction should be carried out in compact areas with unsafe adjoining building where adequate excavation for foundation cannot be carried out. In such cases, one bay hybrid structure is proposed for construction with combined RCC frame structure and load bearing walls. In these combined cases, both structures works as same unit to transfer building load but the transfer pattern varies. The variable load transfer pattern is due to discontinuity in structural system which also effect on seismic response of the building. The placement of a masonry load bearing structure in RCC frame structure varies design of all structural components of the building. To study actual behavior of hybrid structure in various load condition and introducing cost minimization techniques of buildings structural analysis was carried using ETABS 2016 with composite structural arrangement and with induction of load bearing wall as structural component. By which seismic behavior of building in both cases was obtained as well as reduction in rebar percentage and dimensional reduction of structural components can be achieved.Journal of the Institute of Engineering, 2017, 13(1): 117-124
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Субботин, Анатолий, Anatoliy Subbotin, Виталий Субботин, Vitaliy Subbotin, Игнат Субботин, and Ignat Subbotin. "Definition of causes of destruction of materials of a bricklaying on sites of facades of buildings under construction of the residential quarter in the residential district "October" of Novocherkassk of the Rostov region." Construction and Architecture 2, no. 2 (April 6, 2014): 100–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/5679.
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IThis article discusses the problem related to the appearance of defects in masonry cladding layer self-supporting walls of buildings with monolithic concrete frame for example inspection of buildings under construction of residential quarters in the October district of Novocherkassk. As a result of the survey by OOO "STC" identified and described the characteristic defects in the veneering layer self-supporting walls of buildings and identify their causes. Based on the experience of experts, instrumental studies of structural materials, conducted by a certified testing laboratory in materials survey gives an overview of the causes of defects are manifestations of research of other spe-cialists and organizations leading of which is CNIISK. VA Kucherenko. According to the results of the system analysis of detected defects and data instrumental studies, the authors proposed solutions to eliminate the defects and bring the building up to standard.
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Khakurel, Shreedhar, Trevor Z. Yeow, Frankie Chen, Zam Wang, Sandip K. Saha, and Rajesh P. Dhakal. "Development of cladding contribution functions for seismic loss estimation." Bulletin of the New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering 52, no. 1 (March 31, 2019): 23–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.5459/bnzsee.52.1.23-43.
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One method to rapidly estimate seismic losses during the structural design phase is to use contribution functions. These are relationships between expected losses (e.g. damage repair costs, downtime, and injury) for a wide range of building components (e.g. cladding, partitions, and ceilings) and the building’s response. This study aims to develop contribution functions for common types of cladding used in different types of buildings considering damage repair costs. In the first part of this study, a building survey was performed to identify types and quantity of cladding used in residential, commercial and industrial buildings in Christchurch, New Zealand; where it was found that the most common cladding types are glazing, masonry veneer, monolithic cladding and precast panels. The data collected during the survey was also used to develop cladding distribution (i.e. density) functions. The second step involved identifying fragility functions from relevant literature which are applicable to the cladding detailing used in New Zealand. The third step involved surveying consultants, suppliers and builders on typical repair/replacement cost. Finally, Monte Carlo simulations were performed to combine the cladding density function with the fragility functions and the repair cost for each type of cladding to derive contribution functions for various types of cladding and building usage. An example (case study) is provided to demonstrate its usage.
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Jarkas, Abdulaziz M. "Learning effect on labour productivity of repetitive concrete masonry blockwork." International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management 65, no. 8 (November 14, 2016): 1075–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijppm-08-2015-0119.
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Purpose The applicability of learning curve theory to the construction industry has been investigated by several studies; however, the outcomes are characterised by inconsistent, rather sporadic patterns. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to explore the effect of learning on concrete masonry blockwork labour productivity in recurring building floor cycles. Design/methodology/approach Repetitive blockwork labour inputs from 52 multi-storey residential buildings were collected and analysed using the straight-line learning curve model. The cumulative average labour input for each recurring floor and its corresponding cycle number were modelled using the least squares method. Findings According to the learning curve theory principles, labour inputs are expected to decrease by a certain percentage as the floor cycle number within each building observed increases. Nonetheless, the patterns emerged from this study provide little evidence for that. Practical implications Contrary to several previous findings which have asserted the significance of the learning concept to construction productivity, the results obtained for the activity investigated suggest that there is no potential context for the theory to be used as a useful tool to quantify productivity improvement, or to provide for a practical project management observation and control system. Originality/value Notwithstanding the numerous research into the effect of learning on construction activities, this study is unprecedented in examining the applicability of the theory to concrete masonry blockwork labour productivity in building construction. It can thus assist in achieving reliable planning, determining the plausibility of correlating past performances or predicting future expenditures, and appraising the potentiality of the learning phenomenon as a useful tool to quantify productivity improvement over the repetitive cycle process of such a distinct construction activity.
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Ghoreishi, Amir. "The Effects of Exterior Thermal Mass (eTM) on Energy Consumption in Residential Buildings." Academic Research Community publication 3, no. 1 (February 7, 2019): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.21625/archive.v3i1.427.
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Exterior Thermal Mass (eTM) is known to improve building energy and thermal comfort performance. Despite its known benefits, studies to date have not thoroughly addressed the effects of eTM on building environmental performance by considering a wide range of influential factors and various climatic conditions. This paper addresses such a gap in the body of knowledge by conducting a comprehensive and detailed analysis of eTM impacts on residential buildings’ energy performance. Using quantitative research and simulation analyses, this study has found various trends of energy reductions and, in a few cases, energy increases depending upon the location of projects.
In fact, the cooling energies are shown to increase of up to 4% for the scenario of 20 cm thickness wall in several locations. Aiming for better energy and design load scenarios, this research has also established the optimal eTM depth to help architects and engineers make informed design decisions with regard to building envelopes, which is particularly important for developing countries with similar climates studied in this paper, where the use of masonry materials is widely common. As for future steps, further exploration of cooling energy increase phenomenon, which was observed for several climates is recommended. Also, coupling eTM with code-required thermal insulation based upon specific climatic locations and evaluate their integrated performance can be considered.
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Belliazzi, Stefano, Gian Piero Lignola, Marco Di Ludovico, and Andrea Prota. "Preliminary tsunami analytical fragility functions proposal for Italian coastal residential masonry buildings." Structures 31 (June 2021): 68–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.istruc.2021.01.059.
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Lakusic, Stjepan. "Structural renovation of residential building in Zagreb after the 22 March 2020 earthquake." Journal of the Croatian Association of Civil Engineers 73, no. 06 (July 2021): 633–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.14256/jce.3195.2021.
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The phases that must be completed so that a building damaged in earthquake that struck Zagreb on 22 March 2020 can be renovated and strengthened to the required level of seismic resistance are presented in the paper. All phases are therefore presented, starting from the rapid and then detailed inspection, and continuing with preparation of the structural condition assessment report, preparation of renovation design and, finally, ending with realisation of work with expert supervision. A special attention is paid to structural analysis that is conducted using a nonlinear static method based on displacements, the so called pushover analysis, which is considered to be one of the most appropriate methods for seismic analysis of existing masonry structures. All procedures conducted in the scope of this renovation were realised in accordance with legislation that entered into force after the earthquake.
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Del Gaudio, Carlo, Santa Anna Scala, Paolo Ricci, and Gerardo M. Verderame. "Evolution of the seismic vulnerability of masonry buildings based on the damage data from L'Aquila 2009 event." Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering 19, no. 11 (June 4, 2021): 4435–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10518-021-01132-x.
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AbstractThe purpose of this study is the analysis of vulnerability trends, with particular emphasis to the evolution of the seismic behaviour of masonry buildings over the years due to the improvements in construction practices and to the enhancement of building materials over the years, also related to the subsequent enactment of seismic prescriptions. To this aim, residential masonry buildings damaged after the 2009 L'Aquila earthquake are considered, coming from the online platform Da.D.O. (Database di Danno Osservato, Database of Observed Damage) recently released from the Italian Department of Civil Protection. General features of all the parameters available from the original database are thoroughly analysed, a selection of which is used for vulnerability analysis, namely the period of construction and the design type, the presence of structural interventions, the type of horizontal structure. Vulnerability curves are obtained through an optimization technique, minimizing the deviation between observed and predicted damage. PGA from ShakeMap is used for ground motion characterization. Damage levels defined according to the European Macroseismic Scale are considered, obtained from the observed damage for vertical structures collected during the inspections. Vulnerability curves are firstly obtained as a function of period of construction and horizontal structural types, limited to the irregular layout and bad quality vertical type only, highlighting their clear influence on seismic behaviour. Lastly, the effectiveness of retrofit intervention is evaluated comparing the vulnerability curves for strengthened masonry buildings compared to those not subjected to any retrofit interventions.
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Dou, Li Jun, Min Zhang, and Ming Yu Xu. "Experimental Research on Compressive Strength of Pumice Concrete and Volcanic Concrete Wall." Advanced Materials Research 919-921 (April 2014): 1801–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.919-921.1801.
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Pumice concrete and volcanic concrete used in low-rise rural residential building more and more. In order to better realize the pumice concrete wall and cinder concrete wall compressive strength, respectively to make three slices of pumice concrete wall and three slices of cinder concrete wall, wall compressive experiment was carried out. The experimental results showed that the compressive strength of pumice concrete wall and volcanic concrete wall meet the requirements of the bearing capacity of masonry structure.
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Ademovic, Naida, Mustafa Hrasnica, and Daniel V. Oliveira. "Pushover analysis and failure pattern of a typical masonry residential building in Bosnia and Herzegovina." Engineering Structures 50 (May 2013): 13–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2012.11.031.
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Punhagui, Katia R. G., Érica F. Campos, José M. B. González, and Vanderley M. John. "Prospects for the Use of Wood in Residential Construction in Brazil - First Results." Key Engineering Materials 517 (June 2012): 247–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.517.247.
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This paper is an exploratory study that aims to evaluate the prospects for the use of wood in residential construction in Brazil. For this purpose, a survey about the evolution of the stock of wooden houses was conducted. Social, environmental and economic indicators, which could interfere with the flow of Brazilian residential construction, were analyzed. The first results indicate that the stock of wooden houses has had a discrete growth (1.42%, from 1970 to 2009), but the percentage in the total number of houses has decreased (13.6%). Supply for housing demand has been provided by masonry. The population increase and the GDP demonstrated correlation with the building of houses and the changes in percentage between materials applied to it. Masonry is the construction technique preferred by the Brazilian. Most potential consumers (60.8%) declared that they could live in a wooden house. The aspects that would negatively influence the decision of living in a wooden house concerned market value, durability, fire and insect attack; and positively, was the material, construction process and patrimonial value. The image of a wooden house may be a greater problem than the material.
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Khudeira, Soliman, and Jamshid Mohammadi. "Assessment of Potential Seismic Damage to Residential Unreinforced Masonry Buildings in Northern Illinois." Practice Periodical on Structural Design and Construction 11, no. 2 (May 2006): 93–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)1084-0680(2006)11:2(93).
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Al-Awsh, Waleed A., Naef A. A. Qasem, Omar S. Baghabra Al-Amoudi, and Mohammed A. Al-Osta. "Experimental and numerical investigation on innovative masonry walls for industrial and residential buildings." Applied Energy 276 (October 2020): 115496. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2020.115496.
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