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Journal articles on the topic 'Mass balance and energy'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 September 2021

Last updated: 29 July 2025

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1

H Manninen, Anssi. "Chronic positive mass balance is the actual etiology of obesity: A living review." Global Translational Medicine 2, no. 1 (2023): 222. http://dx.doi.org/10.36922/gtm.222.

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The fundamental cause of obesity is widely assumed to be an energy imbalance between calories consumed and calories expended (i.e., the energy balance theory). However, this century-old obesity paradigm is fallacious. According to known laws of physics, the actual etiology of obesity is chronic positive mass balance, not positive energy balance. Furthermore, the relevant physical law in body mass regulation is the Law of Conservation of Mass, not the Law of Conservation of Energy. It is important to understand that energy balance and mass balance are separate balances in the human body. Since

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2

Prinz, R., L. I. Nicholson, T. Mölg, W. Gurgiser, and G. Kaser. "Climatic controls and climate proxy potential of Lewis Glacier, Mt Kenya." Cryosphere Discussions 9, no. 4 (2015): 3887–924. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tcd-9-3887-2015.

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Abstract. The Lewis Glacier on Mt Kenya is one of the best studied tropical glaciers and has experienced considerable retreat since a maximum extent in the late 19th century (L19). From distributed mass and energy balance modelling, this study evaluates the current sensitivity of the surface mass and energy balance to climatic drivers, explores climate conditions under which the L19 maximum extent might have sustained, and discusses the potential for using the glacier retreat to quantify climate change. Multiyear meteorological measurements at 4828 m provide data for input, optimization and ev

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3

Hock, Regine, Valentina Radić, and Mattias De Woul. "Climate sensitivity of Storglaciären, Sweden: an intercomparison of mass-balance models using ERA-40 re-analysis and regional climate model data." Annals of Glaciology 46 (2007): 342–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/172756407782871503.

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AbstractEstimates of glacier contributions to future sea-level rise are often computed from mass-balance sensitivities derived for a set of representative glaciers. Our purpose is to investigate how mass-balance projections and sensitivities vary when using different approaches to compute the glacier mass balance. We choose Storglaciären, Sweden, as a test site and apply five different models including temperature-index and energy-balance approaches further varying in spatial discretization. The models are calibrated using daily European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts re-analysis (E

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4

Prinz, R., L. I. Nicholson, T. Mölg, W. Gurgiser, and G. Kaser. "Climatic controls and climate proxy potential of Lewis Glacier, Mt. Kenya." Cryosphere 10, no. 1 (2016): 133–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-10-133-2016.

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Abstract. The Lewis Glacier on Mt. Kenya is one of the best studied tropical glaciers and has experienced considerable retreat since a maximum extent in the late 19th century (L19). From distributed mass and energy balance modelling, this study evaluates the current sensitivity of the surface mass and energy balance to climatic drivers, explores climate conditions under which the L19 maximum extent might have been sustained, and discusses the potential for using the glacier retreat to quantify climate change. Multi-year meteorological measurements at 4828 m provide data for input, optimization

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5

LEE, C. C., and G. L. HUFFMAN. "Energy and Mass Balance Calculations for Incinerators." Energy Sources 20, no. 1 (1998): 35–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00908319808970041.

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6

Sobotka, M. "Mass—Energy balance of primary metabolite formation." Folia Microbiologica 37, no. 1 (1992): 66–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02814583.

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7

Van Baak, Marleen A. "Physical activity and energy balance." Public Health Nutrition 2, no. 3a (1999): 335–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980099000452.

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AbstractEnergy expenditure rises above resting energy expenditure when physical activity is performed. The activity-induced energy expenditure varies with the muscle mass involved and the intensity at which the activity is performed: it ranges between 2 and 18 METs approximately. Differences in duration, frequency and intensity of physical activities may create considerable variations in total energy expenditure. The Physical Activity Level (= total energy expenditure divided by resting energy expenditure) varies between 1.2 and 2.2–2.5 in healthy adults. Increases in activity-induced energy e

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8

Westerterp, Klaas R. "Energy and Water Balance at High Altitude." Physiology 16, no. 3 (2001): 134–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/physiologyonline.2001.16.3.134.

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Many studies have shown that subjects lose significant amounts of body mass, fat mass as well as fat-free mass, during a climb to and/or a stay at high altitude. Altitude-induced weight loss is mainly caused by malnutrition due to hypoxia-related satiety, independent of acute mountain sickness.

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9

Wilson, Margaret-Mary G., and John E. Morley. "Invited Review: Aging and energy balance." Journal of Applied Physiology 95, no. 4 (2003): 1728–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00313.2003.

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Humans over 70 yr of age often lose weight. This appears to be due to a physiological anorexia of aging as well as a loss of lean mass (sarcopenia) and, to a lesser extent, fat mass. The causes of the physiological anorexia of aging include changes in taste and smell and a decrease in adaptive relaxation of the fundus of the stomach, which leads to more rapid antral filling and early satiation. In addition, basal and stimulated levels of the satiating hormone, cholecystokinin, are increased. In men, the decline in testosterone leads to an increase in leptin and a loss of lean mass. Although re

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10

Siregar, Heny Mahrani Rizkiyah, Rita Khathir, and Kiman Siregar. "Life Cycle Inventory Mass Balance dan Energy Balance pada Proses Produksi CPO di PTPN IV PKS Bah Jambi Sumatera Utara." Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Pertanian 7, no. 2 (2022): 563–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.17969/jimfp.v7i2.19988.

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Abstrak. Indonesia merupakan produsen minyak sawit terbesar di dunia berperan penting dalam kegiatan ekonomi karena dapat menghasilkan minyak nabati dalam jumlah besar yang dibutuhkan oleh sektor industri sawit. Industri merupakan salah satu pengguna energi yang cukup besar. Dalam pelaksanaan proses produksi, industri menggunakan berbagai macam sumber energi baik yang berasal dari bahan bakar maupun yang berasal dari listrik. Pada proses pengolahan CPO (crude palm oil), terjadi beberapa tahapan proses yang memerlukan masukan-masukan material dan energi. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Pabrik Kelap

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11

J. Milledge, John, and Sonia Heaven. "Energy Balance of Biogas Production from Microalgae: Development of an Energy and Mass Balance Model." Current Biotechnology 4, no. 4 (2016): 554–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2211550104666150722231755.

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12

OHYAMA, Katsumi, Keita YOSHINAGA, and Toyoki KOZAI. "Energy and Mass Balance of a Closed-type Transplant Production System. (Part 1). Energy Balance." Shokubutsu Kojo Gakkaishi 12, no. 3 (2000): 160–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2525/jshita.12.160.

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13

Jain, Anupriya, and Suneel Kumar. "On the fragment mass independence of balance energy." Physica Scripta 88, no. 2 (2013): 025201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0031-8949/88/02/025201.

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14

Goyal, Supriya. "Effect of mass asymmetry on the mass dependence of balance energy." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 282 (February 1, 2011): 012023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/282/1/012023.

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15

Lozano Gacha, María Fernanda, and Manfred Koch. "Distributed Energy Balance Flux Modelling of Mass Balances in the Artesonraju Glacier and Discharge in the Basin of Artesoncocha, Cordillera Blanca, Peru." Climate 9, no. 9 (2021): 143. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cli9090143.

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A distributed energy balance model (DEBAM) is applied to estimate the mass balance of the Artesonraju glacier in the Cordillera Blanca (CB), Peru, and to simulate the ensuing discharge into its respective basin, Artesoncocha. The energy balance model calibrations show that, by using seasonal albedos, reasonable results for mass balances and discharge can be obtained, as witnessed by annually aggregated Nash Sutcliffe coefficients (E) of 0.60–0.87 for discharge and of 0.58–0.71 for mass measurements carried out in the period 2004–2007. Mass losses between −1.42 and −0.45 m.w.e. are calculated f

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16

Machguth, Horst, Wilfried Haeberli, and Frank Paul. "Mass-balance parameters derived from a synthetic network of mass-balance glaciers." Journal of Glaciology 58, no. 211 (2012): 965–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/2012jog11j223.

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AbstractGlacier mass-balance parameters such as the equilibrium-line altitude (ELA) play an important role when working with large glacier samples. While the number of observational mass-balance series to derive such parameters is limited, more and more modeled data are becoming available.Here we explore the possibilities of analyzing such 'synthetic' mass-balance data with respect to mass-balance parameters. A simplified energy-balance model is driven by bias-corrected regional climate model output to model mass-balance distributions for 94 glaciers in the Swiss Alps over 15 years. The modeli

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17

Sun, Weijun, Xiang Qin, Wentao Du, et al. "Ablation modeling and surface energy budget in the ablation zone of Laohugou glacier No. 12, western Qilian mountains, China." Annals of Glaciology 55, no. 66 (2014): 111–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/2014aog66a902.

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AbstractGlacier surface melting can be described using energy-balance models. We conducted a surface energy budget experiment to quantify surface energy fluxes and to identify factors affecting glacial melt in the ablation zone of Laohugou glacier No. 12, western Qilian mountains. The surface energy budget was calculated based on data from an automatic weather station, and turbulent fluxes calculated using the bulk-aerodynamic approach were corrected using measurements from an eddy-covariance system. Simulated mass balances were validated by stake observations. Net shortwave radiation was the

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18

Acharya, Anushilan, and Rijan Kayastha. "Mass and Energy Balance Estimation of Yala Glacier (2011–2017), Langtang Valley, Nepal." Water 11, no. 1 (2018): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11010006.

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Six-year glaciological mass balance measurements, conducted at the Yala Glacier between November 2011 and November 2017 are presented and analyzed. A physically-based surface energy balance model is used to simulate summer mass and energy balance of the Yala Glacier for the 2012–2014 period. Cumulative mass balance of the Yala Glacier for the 2011–2017 period was negative at −4.88 m w.e. The mean annual glacier-wide mass balance was −0.81 ± 0.27 m w.e. with a standard deviation of ±0.48 m w.e. The modelled mass balance values agreed well with observations. Modelling showed that net radiation w

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19

Wang, Puyu, Zhongqin Li, Christoph Schneider, et al. "A Test Study of an Energy and Mass Balance Model Application to a Site on Urumqi Glacier No. 1, Chinese Tian Shan." Water 12, no. 10 (2020): 2865. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12102865.

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In this study, energy and mass balance is quantified using an energy balance model to represent the glacier melt of Urumqi Glacier No. 1, Chinese Tian Shan. Based on data from an Automatic Weather Station (4025 m a.s.l) and the mass balance field survey data nearby on the East Branch of the glacier, the “COupled Snowpack and Ice surface energy and Mass balance model” (COSIMA) was used to derive energy and mass balance simulations during the ablation season of 2018. Results show that the modeled cumulative mass balance (−0.67 ± 0.03 m w.e.) agrees well with the in-situ measurements (−0.64 ± 0.1

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20

Bradley, David P., Roger Kulstad, Natalie Racine, Yoram Shenker, Melissa Meredith, and Dale A. Schoeller. "Alterations in energy balance following exenatide administration." Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism 37, no. 5 (2012): 893–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/h2012-068.

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Exenatide is a medication similar in structure and effect to native glucagon-like peptide-1, an incretin hormone with glucose-lowering properties. The aim of the study was to measure the change in total energy expenditure (TEE) and body composition during exenatide administration and by deduction the relative contributions of energy expenditure and energy intake to exenatide-induced weight loss. Forty-five obese (body mass index, 30–40 kg·m–2) subjects were identified. After exclusion criteria application, 28 subjects entered into the study and 18 subjects (12 female, 6 male) completed the stu

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21

Kayastha, Rijan Bhakta, Tetsuo Ohata, and Yutaka Ageta. "Application of a mass-balance model to a Himalayan glacier." Journal of Glaciology 45, no. 151 (1999): 559–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/s002214300000143x.

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AbstractA mass-balance model based on the energy balance at the snow or ice surface is formulated, with particular attention paid to processes affecting absorption of radiation. The model is applied to a small glacier, Glacier AX010 in the Nepalese Himalaya, and tests of its mass-balance sensitivity to input and climatic parameters are carried out. Calculated and observed area-averaged mass balances of the glacier during summer 1978 (June-September) show good agreement, namely -0.44 and -0.46 m w.e., respectively.Results show the mass balance is strongly sensitive to snow or ice albedo, to the

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22

Kayastha, Rijan Bhakta, Tetsuo Ohata, and Yutaka Ageta. "Application of a mass-balance model to a Himalayan glacier." Journal of Glaciology 45, no. 151 (1999): 559–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002214300000143x.

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AbstractA mass-balance model based on the energy balance at the snow or ice surface is formulated, with particular attention paid to processes affecting absorption of radiation. The model is applied to a small glacier, Glacier AX010 in the Nepalese Himalaya, and tests of its mass-balance sensitivity to input and climatic parameters are carried out. Calculated and observed area-averaged mass balances of the glacier during summer 1978 (June-September) show good agreement, namely -0.44 and -0.46 m w.e., respectively.Results show the mass balance is strongly sensitive to snow or ice albedo, to the

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23

Landmann, Johannes Marian, Hans Rudolf Künsch, Matthias Huss, Christophe Ogier, Markus Kalisch, and Daniel Farinotti. "Assimilating near-real-time mass balance stake readings into a model ensemble using a particle filter." Cryosphere 15, no. 11 (2021): 5017–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-5017-2021.

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Abstract. Short-term glacier variations can be important for water supplies or hydropower production, and glaciers are important indicators of climate change. This is why the interest in near-real-time mass balance nowcasting is considerable. Here, we address this interest and provide an evaluation of continuous observations of point mass balance based on online cameras transmitting images every 20 min. The cameras were installed on three Swiss glaciers during summer 2019, provided 352 near-real-time point mass balances in total, and revealed melt rates of up to 0.12 m water equivalent per day

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24

Gurgiser, W., B. Marzeion, L. Nicholson, G. Kaser, and M. Ortner. "Modeling energy and mass balance of Shallap Glacier, Peru." Cryosphere Discussions 7, no. 4 (2013): 4015–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tcd-7-4015-2013.

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Abstract. We calculated the distributed surface mass and energy balance of Shallap Glacier, Cordillera Blanca, Peru (9° S, 77° W, 4700–5700 m a.s.l., ∼ 7 km2) on hourly time steps for two years (September 2006–August 2008) using a process-based model and meteorological measurements as input. Model parameter combinations were optimized against 21 temporal readings of 20 stakes in the ablation zone of the glacier. Uncertainty caused by model input parameters and parameterization schemes was estimated using a leave-one-out cross-validation scheme and yields values of root mean square deviation (R

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25

Delbé, Karl. "Mass and Energy Balance of a Three-Body Trybosystem." Lubricants 10, no. 5 (2022): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/lubricants10050095.

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In the context of sustainable development and under the impulse of continuous technological progress, tribology contributes to the improvement of the life span of parts in dynamic contact and to the efficiency of mechanical systems. However, even if successes are obtained in lubrication, the tribology community struggles to build generalised laws of friction and wear in the case of dry friction. Based on the thermodynamics of open systems, we suggest an adaptation of the conservation of mass and energy equations to the tribosystem. The latter is modelled using the concepts of tribological trip

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Gurgiser, W., B. Marzeion, L. Nicholson, M. Ortner, and G. Kaser. "Modeling energy and mass balance of Shallap Glacier, Peru." Cryosphere 7, no. 6 (2013): 1787–802. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-7-1787-2013.

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Abstract. We calculated the distributed surface mass and energy balance of Shallap Glacier, Cordillera Blanca, Peru (9° S, 77° W, 4700–5700 m a.s.l., ~ 7 km2), on hourly time steps for two years (September 2006–August 2008) using a process-based model and meteorological measurements as input. Model parameter combinations were optimized against 21 temporal readings of 20 stakes in the ablation zone of the glacier. Uncertainty caused by model input parameters and parameterization schemes was estimated using a leave-one out cross-validation scheme, which yields values of root mean square deviatio

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27

Moreno, M. A., and D. D. Barbosa. "Mass and energy balance of the cold io torus." Journal of Geophysical Research 91, A8 (1986): 8993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/ja091ia08p08993.

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28

Chern, S. M., Walter P. Walawender, and L. T. Fan. "Mass and energy balance analyses of a downdraft gasifier." Biomass 18, no. 2 (1989): 127–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0144-4565(89)90089-9.

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29

Erickson, L. E., I. G. Minkevich, and V. K. Eroshin. "Application of mass and energy balance regularities in fermentation." Biotechnology and Bioengineering 67, no. 6 (2000): 748–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-0290(20000320)67:6<748::aid-bit13>3.0.co;2-w.

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30

Ngo, N. S., and D. E. Pataki. "The energy and mass balance of Los Angeles County." Urban Ecosystems 11, no. 2 (2008): 121–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11252-008-0051-1.

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31

Congleton, Jo. "The pulmonary cachexia syndrome: aspects of energy balance." Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 58, no. 2 (1999): 321–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0029665199000439.

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The present paper reviews current knowledge of the pulmonary cachexia syndrome with reference to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Aspects of incidence, aetiology and management are discussed. Malnutrition occurs in approximately one-quarter to one-third of patients with moderate to severe COPD. Both fat mass and fat-free mass become depleted. Loss of fat-free mass is the more important and appears to be due to a depression of protein synthesis. Weight loss is an independent prognostic indicator of mortality, and is associated with increased morbidity and decreased health-related q

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32

SUNAKO, SOJIRO, KOJI FUJITA, AKIKO SAKAI, and RIJAN B. KAYASTHA. "Mass balance of Trambau Glacier, Rolwaling region, Nepal Himalaya: in-situ observations, long-term reconstruction and mass-balance sensitivity." Journal of Glaciology 65, no. 252 (2019): 605–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jog.2019.37.

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ABSTRACTWe conducted a mass-balance study of debris-free Trambau Glacier in the Rolwaling region, Nepal Himalaya, which is accessible to 6000 m a.s.l., to better understand mass-balance processes and the effect of precipitation on these processes on high-elevation Himalayan glaciers. Continuous in situ meteorological and mass-balance observations that spanned the three melt seasons from May 2016 are reported. An energy- and mass-balance model is also applied to evaluate its performance and sensitivity to various climatic conditions. Glacier-wide mass balances ranging from −0.34 ± 0.38 m w.e. i

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33

Zhu, Yu, Shiyin Liu, Ben W. Brock, et al. "Debris cover effects on energy and mass balance of Batura Glacier in the Karakoram over the past 20 years." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 28, no. 9 (2024): 2023–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-2023-2024.

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Abstract. The influence of supraglacial debris cover on glacier mass balance in the Karakoram is noteworthy. However, understanding of how debris cover affects the seasonal and long-term variations in glacier mass balance through alterations in the glacier's energy budget is incomplete. The present study coupled an energy–mass balance model with heat conduction within debris layers on debris-covered Batura Glacier in Hunza Valley to demonstrate the influence of debris cover on glacial surface energy and mass exchanges during 2000–2020. The mass balance of Batura Glacier is estimated to be -0.2

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34

Machguth, Horst, Frank Paul, Martin Hoelzle, and Wilfried Haeberli. "Distributed glacier mass-balance modelling as an important component of modern multi-level glacier monitoring." Annals of Glaciology 43 (2006): 335–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/172756406781812285.

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AbstractModern concepts of worldwide glacier monitoring include numerical models for (1) interconnecting the different levels of observations (local mass balance, representative length change, glacier inventories for global coverage) and (2) extrapolations in space (coupling with climate models) and time (backward and forward). In this context, one important new tool is distributed mass-balance modelling in complex mountain topography. This approach builds on simplified energy-balance models and can be applied for investigating the spatio-temporal representativity of the few mass-balance measu

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35

Sukhov, Vitalіy, and Yaroslav Kozei. "Analysis of mass-energy balance of unmanned aircraft fueled by solar energy." Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies 3, no. 9 (87) (2017): 10–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2017.101974.

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36

Poehlman, Eric T., and Christopher Melby. "Resistance Training and Energy Balance." International Journal of Sport Nutrition 8, no. 2 (1998): 143–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijsn.8.2.143.

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In this brief review we examine the effects of resistance training on energy expenditure. The components of daily energy expenditure are described, and methods of measuring daily energy expenditure are discussed. Cross-sectional and exercise intervention studies are examined with respect to their effects on resting metabolic rate, physical activity energy expenditure, postexercise oxygen consumption, and substrate oxidation in younger and older individuals. Evidence is presented to suggest that although resistance training may elevate resting metabolic rate, il does not substantially enhance d

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Zhang, Guoshuai, Shichang Kang, Koji Fujita, et al. "Energy and mass balance of Zhadang glacier surface, central Tibetan Plateau." Journal of Glaciology 59, no. 213 (2013): 137–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/2013jog12j152.

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AbstractClimate variables that control the annual cycle of the surface energy and mass balance on Zhadang glacier in the central Tibetan Plateau were examined over a 2 year period using a physically based energy-balance model forced by routine meteorological data. The modelled results agree with measured values of albedo, incoming longwave radiation, surface temperature and surface level of the glacier. For the whole observation period, the radiation component dominated (82%) the total surface energy heat fluxes. This was followed by turbulent sensible (10%) and latent heat (6%) fluxes. Subsur

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Naegeli, Kathrin, and Matthias Huss. "Sensitivity of mountain glacier mass balance to changes in bare-ice albedo." Annals of Glaciology 58, no. 75pt2 (2017): 119–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/aog.2017.25.

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ABSTRACT Albedo is an important parameter in the energy balance of bare-ice surfaces and modulates glacier melt rates. The prolongation of the ablation period enforces the albedo feedback and highlights the need for profound knowledge on impacts of bare-ice albedo on glacier mass balance. In this study, we assess the mass balance sensitivity of 12 Swiss glaciers with abundant long-term in-situ data on changes in bare-ice albedo. We use pixel-based bare-ice albedo derived from Landsat 8. A distributed mass-balance model is applied to the period 1997–2016 and experiments are performed to assess

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39

Fang, Yuan-Hao, Xingnan Zhang, Chiara Corbari, Marco Mancini, Guo-Yue Niu, and Wenzhi Zeng. "Improving the Xin'anjiang hydrological model based on mass–energy balance." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 21, no. 7 (2017): 3359–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-3359-2017.

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Abstract. Conceptual hydrological models are preferable for real-time flood forecasting, among which the Xin'anjiang (XAJ) model has been widely applied in humid and semi-humid regions of China. Although the relatively simple mass balance scheme ensures a good performance of runoff simulation during flood events, the model still has some defects. Previous studies have confirmed the importance of evapotranspiration (ET) and soil moisture content (SMC) in runoff simulation. In order to add more constraints to the original XAJ model, an energy balance scheme suitable for the XAJ model was develop

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40

Huintjes, Eva, Niklas Neckel, Volker Hochschild, and Christoph Schneider. "Surface energy and mass balance at Purogangri ice cap, central Tibetan Plateau, 2001–2011." Journal of Glaciology 61, no. 230 (2015): 1048–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/2015jog15j056.

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AbstractMost glaciers on the Tibetan Plateau are difficult to assess as they are located in remote regions at high altitude. This study focuses on the surface energy-balance (SEB) and mass-balance (MB) characteristics of Purogangri ice cap (PIC). A ‘COupled Snowpack and Ice surface energy and MAss balance model’ (COSIMA) is applied without observational data from the ground. The model is forced by a meteorological dataset from the High Asia Refined analysis. Model results for annual surface-elevation changes and MB agree well with the results of a previous remote-sensing estimate. Low surface

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Gabbi, J., M. Huss, A. Bauder, F. Cao, and M. Schwikowski. "The impact of Saharan dust and black carbon on albedo and long-term mass balance of an Alpine glacier." Cryosphere 9, no. 4 (2015): 1385–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-9-1385-2015.

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Abstract. Light-absorbing impurities in snow and ice control glacier melt as shortwave radiation represents the main component of the surface energy balance. Here, we investigate the long-term effect of snow impurities, i.e., mineral dust and black carbon (BC), on albedo and glacier mass balance. The analysis was performed over the period 1914–2014 for two sites on Claridenfirn, Swiss Alps, where an outstanding 100-year record of seasonal mass balance measurements is available. Information on atmospheric deposition of mineral dust and BC over the last century was retrieved from two firn/ice co

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Irschik and, Hans, and Helmut J. Holl. "Mechanics of variable-mass systems—Part 1: Balance of mass and linear momentum." Applied Mechanics Reviews 57, no. 2 (2004): 145–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1687409.

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The equations of balance of momentum and energy usually are formulated under the assumption of conservation of mass. However, mass is not conserved when sources of mass are present or when the equations of balance are applied to a non-material volume. Mass then is said to be variable for the system under consideration. It is the scope of the present contribution to review the mechanical equations of balance for variable-mass systems. Our review remains within the framework of the classical, non-relativistic continuum mechanics of solids and fluids. We present general formulations and refer to

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Azam, M. F., P. Wagnon, C. Vincent, AL Ramanathan, A. Mandal, and J. G. Pottakkal. "Processes governing the mass balance of Chhota Shigri Glacier (Western Himalaya, India) assessed by point-scale surface energy balance measurements." Cryosphere Discussions 8, no. 3 (2014): 2867–922. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tcd-8-2867-2014.

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Abstract. Recent studies revealed that Himalayan glaciers have been shrinking at an accelerated rate since the beginning of the 21st century. However the climatic causes for this shrinkage remain unclear given that surface energy balance studies are almost nonexistent in this region. In this study, a point-scale surface energy balance analysis was performed using in-situ meteorological data from the ablation zone of Chhota Shigri Glacier over two separate periods (August 2012 to February 2013 and July to October 2013) in order to understand the response of mass balance to climate change. Energ

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Fujita, Koji, and Yutaka Ageta. "Effect of summer accumulation on glacier mass balance on the Tibetan Plateau revealed by mass-balance model." Journal of Glaciology 46, no. 153 (2000): 244–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/172756500781832945.

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AbstractThe characteristics and sensitivities of a cold-based glacier on the Tibetan Plateau, where the summer monsoon provides most of the mass input to glaciers, are discussed using an energy-balance model incorporating the process of water refreezing. The model accurately represents the observational results related to the mass balance of Xiao Dongkemadi glacier on the central plateau during 1992/93. Our data revealed that the mass balance of cold glaciers cannot simply be described by the surface mass/heat balances, because about 20% of infiltrated water is refrozen and thus does not run o

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van Pelt, W. J. J., J. Oerlemans, C. H. Reijmer, V. A. Pohjola, R. Pettersson, and J. H. van Angelen. "Simulating melt, runoff and refreezing on Nordenskiöldbreen, Svalbard, using a coupled snow and energy balance model." Cryosphere Discussions 6, no. 1 (2012): 211–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tcd-6-211-2012.

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Abstract. A distributed energy balance model is coupled to a multi-layer snow model in order to study the mass balance evolution and the impact of refreezing on the mass budget of Nordenskiöldbreen, Svalbard. The model is forced with output of a regional climate model (RACMO) and meteorological data from Svalbard Airport. Extensive calibration and initialisation are performed to increase the model accuracy. For the period 1989–2010, we find a mean net mass balance of −0.39 m w.e. a−1. Refreezing contributes on average 0.27 m w.e. a−1 to the mass budget and is most pronounced in the accumulatio

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Westerterp, K. R., B. Kayser, L. Wouters, J. L. Le Trong, and J. P. Richalet. "Energy balance at high altitude of 6,542 m." Journal of Applied Physiology 77, no. 2 (1994): 862–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1994.77.2.862.

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Weight loss due to malnutrition and possibly intestinal malabsorption is a well-known phenomenon in high-altitude climbers. Up to approximately 5,000 m, energy balance may be attained and intestinal energy digestibility remains normal. To see whether 1) energy balance may also be attained at 6,542 m and, if not, 2) whether decreased energy digestibility would play a significant role in the energy deficit, energy intake (EI), energy expenditure, body composition, and energy digestibility of 10 subjects (4 women, 6 men; 27–44 yr) were assessed during a 21-day sojourn on the summit of Mt. Sajama,

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Hyde, A., and O. Batishchev. "A mass-energy balance model for strongly magnetized argon discharges." Physics of Plasmas 28, no. 7 (2021): 073504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0040344.

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Vasebi, Amir, Éric Poulin, and Daniel Hodouin. "Observers for Mass and Energy Balance Calculation in Metallurgical Plants." IFAC Proceedings Volumes 44, no. 1 (2011): 9935–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3182/20110828-6-it-1002.02145.

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Eades, Paul, Charles Banks, Sonia Heaven, and Mark Walker. "Mass and energy balance for a rotating-drum composting plant." Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Waste and Resource Management 164, no. 3 (2011): 151–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/warm.2011.164.3.151.

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Hulth, John, Cecilie Rolstad, Karoline Trondsen, and Ragnhild Wedøe Rødby. "Surface mass and energy balance of Sørbreen, Jan Mayen, 2008." Annals of Glaciology 51, no. 55 (2010): 110–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/172756410791392754.

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AbstractMass-balance measurements were initiated in 2007/08 on Sørbreen, Jan Mayen, including operation of automatic weather stations in the ablation zone. Mean daily melt rate is 3.6 cmw.e. d−1 for the investigated snow-free period of 115 days in June-September 2008. During this period, the net radiation is the largest contributor to melt. However, the relative contribution is highest in June (81%) and less in September (21%). The net longwave radiation is negative, acting as a heat sink. The climate on Jan Mayen is polar maritime with generally high humidity and overcast conditions. This lea

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